Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 35, Number 12, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 May 1889 — Page 5

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THE IXDIAXA STATE SKNTIXEL. AVEDNBSIjAY. MAY 1. 1889.

THE FISHING OF INDIANA.

EXPERIENCES OF JUDGE D. S. BANTA. The Great Variety of FUh The Kingly Bleck Bas Our Streams Geologically Favorable to the PeTelopment of the Best Species of FUh. Fsaxkit:?, Ind., April 27. Special. Paradoxical as it may seem, a greater variety of fishes may be found in any one of the, larger creeks in ct utral or southern Indiana than in ail the creeks, rivers and inland lakes pnt together in the upper Michiio peninsular, and yet the number of Indianians who go there or to northern Wisconsin, which is much the arue. every summer to fish, counts up into the hundreds, while from Indiana, Ohio and Illinois the number runs into the thousands. So Krer.t is the annual influi of fishermen into northern Michigan that 'ts through railroad line, the Iuluth, South Shore & Atlantic, reiki upon the income from that travel daring the summer months with as much certainty as upon the income from any other source at any other season. Not that such income may le as large as the income, from the shipment of ores or of lumber or of some other commodities that might be mentioned, but it is as certain to come in, and to say the least, is as uniform iu amonnt,takinsr one season -with another, as the income from aav of the other sources mentioned. Vhv this rush to northern waters if the rarities of" fish found in Indiana waters are so many more? More than one reason mijjht be assigned, but the most potent one, we may safely asume. is the superiority of the Upper Peninsula fishing to the Indiana. Prolific as our Indiana waters naturally are, they have been, comparatively speaking, almost depopulated of their bestvarities offish. It is the small fry that swells the list of families that tad a home in our Indiana creeks. One unacquainted with the literature of this subject would be amazed at the great number of Tarities already discovered; s:ill more surprised to learn that the work of discovery is yet going on. I remember that shortly after Frof. Jordan came to Indiana he made a visit to Franklin anil dipped his net in Young's creek, an insignificant stream close at hand, and amid the multitude of finffrlins scooped up, was one representative of a variety that had never been described before. Solar as I know that little fih was peculiar to the Young's creek waters, and is to be met with no where else in the worl l. Nor is our little Franklin creek peculiar in this mpect. The scientific fisherman is every once in a while gratified at finding something unexpected, no mattr r in what stream he plies his vocation. The ichthyological students at the t"iate university hardly ever let a sum luer k by, I am told, without rindinsc something which, if not new to science, is at least new to the neighborhood, in Bean Blossom, Clear creek, or some other btreain in that locality. Vt'hen the state was new there was no need to go from home for cood fishing. In loth quantity and quality the IndiaD waters were unexcelled, and of all the finny tribes within its borders that took the hook or were esteemed s food, the kindliest was the black bass. Taken all in all, the black bass bas more of the qualities that endear it to the heart of the angler than any other purely fresh water fish that ever lived. lie has the proud distinction of being a genuine American, inhabiting the waters from the northern lakes to the tip end of Florida; and what i more to the purpose, he puts his very best foot foremost, if I may so gpeak, right here in our central Indiana ttre am, lliver bass are nearly or quite always superior to lake or pond bass iu game qualities, as indeed all fish in munins are superior to fish in still waters; but the highest development of this superb fish, I cannot help but think, was found by the men who settled the New Purchase. Many years ago I read in a Fportsinan's journal a reminiscent article from the pen of an old angler who was an ardent lover of bass fishing, and who. having had a wide experience, hav;ng fished, he aid, from the lakes to the rulf. gave it as his opinion that the gamest fish he ever canght was in White river. The veteran's statement made no great impression on my mind at the time, bat considerable experience as an angler since then has led me to jrive it more weight. In the beinnin?, White river was.noted for the crystal-iike clearness of its waters. They were as lucid as the suulight itself. The stream ran in a swift, deep current over gravelly bottoms, its waters never bein? riled to the hurt of the fish. I remember hearing Mrs. Cyrus "Wetzel, who came to the country early in the twenties and settled in the neighborhood of the BIuSs, remark, with animatiou, in her old acre, upon the pellucid beanty of the stream. "When I first looked upon White river, and for many years afterward," said she, "its waters were so clear that you could see a pearl button glisten at a depth of from twelve to twenty feet." Jndce Franklin Hardin, who has lived within 9 mile of the river, twelve miles below Indianapolis for fifty years or more during all of which time he has been a disciple of Izaak Walton, discourses rapturously, yet of its pristine purity and clearness. So marked and o constant was this peculiarity that its name in the languages of all the people who have been known to inhabit its shores or tloat their canoes upon its surface, has been one meaning, white. Indian, Frenchman, Englishman, American, all in time in their own speech called it White river. What was true of Whire river as regards the clearness of its waters when the country was new, was true of all the other central Indiana streams. The only diilerence waone of appearance rather than reality. The White river waters flowed over beds containing a larger per eent. of white gravel than most of the other streams. All were superb fishing waters, and in all the fish found were the choicest oi their kinds. There was, and is, a geological condition of things hitrhly favorable to the development of the inhabitants of the waters, tiiat I do not remember to have ever seen ad verted to by any writer, which may be- referred to in this connection. fSMnce writing- the foresroincr my attention lias been called to the following observation of Lr. Jordan, published in ls7S: "Other things heinp eqnnl a river whose course lies in a repion of undisturbed stratified ro ks of glacial drift contains most genera and pedes." While my caveat will not entitle me to anythin?, I am triad to know that 1 have so eminent a witness to prove my case. All oi the northern and the west of what is known as central Indiana, is covered by the drift, a sheet of varying thickness composed of bowlders, clay, gravel and sand, which, the reolorjists tell us. was brought down from the far north and spread all over the land during the "ice age." It is to the presence of this ereat drift sheet that is due the lasting fertility of the soil throughout the middle regions of our state. In some places it is lu feet thick, in others 2ÜU, and in others, again, 3t., and so on. Beneath it, and through it, are reservoira of water, pure and cold, which supply tne perennial springs gushing from the bill sides and flowing into the creeks and mers of the region. The beds of all the northern and central Indiana streams lie their length in this drift, whence their gravelly bottoms and the normal purity of their water?. One of the characteristics of the drift is, it will not wash, and hence the streams running through it never roil to the hurt of the fisu. In all eflorts to restock our depleted water courses, this is a circumstance that should ever be kept in mind. There are streams that it would be a foolish waste of both timesnd money to undertake the re-stocking with fish. J am told, and can weil believe it, that there are Kentucky atreama which were once esteemed for the quantity and quality of the fih they contained, but which are now entirely depopulated, not even the small fry being found in them, a circumstance owing to the liiht, friable nature of the clay soil of the adjacent fields. This soil is of a kind well known to farmers as one that washes, and during the freshets little rills of liquid mud, pouring into the creeks and rivers from the fields and hillsides, carries death and destruction to all fish life. There are streams in Indiana where a like condition of tbinz, no doubt, rnav be found, rut in none that flow through the'drift. Everything else being equal "? mizht expect if we traveled southward, say from the lakes to the Galf, to find a gradual increase in the number of species of fisßes as also in individuals. This I believe to be the law, for climate is all potent here as in other orders of animal life; bnt here and there condition are iuternosed that more or less modify the law. The presence of the drift here in Indiana is oneof those modifying circumstances. About one hundred and fifty species of fishes have been found in the Indiana waters, eighty of which In White river between Indianapolis and Goeport. How many more may be found hereafter between the twopoints, the future alone can determine; the remarkable fact is that within the limits as indicated in White nver is found the largest numVr of triAr;i t4nti5r1 within like limits in ' . " . V I r 'V U tlUV . " . Ü . w ...... - , the wend. JS'o other river however favored ty '

climate, is yet known to be the equal of White river in thia respect, a .'circumstance unquestionably largely, if not altogether due to the drift through which White river rnr.s. It ia remarkable how firmly the fishes, and the very best of the game and food fishes at that, have maintained their foothold in our atreama. All the game that once roamed the woods is gone. Even the little gray squirrels, tliat in the beginning were not considered as game and not even as tit for food, but which were so numerous ts to contest, grain by prain, the corn raised by the pioneer farmers, have disappeared, and all the legislation in the world can not bring them back again. The conditions of the country have so changed, and the shotguns are so numerous, that it is not possible for the gray squirrels ever to thrive in Indiana again. Nor will it be any better W 1 u th IOX Qndrrels. It was about the time of the election of President Pierce now thirtyseven years ago that these rodents bepran to move in, and there was a time when they were more numerous thau they are now. They are by no means a abundant as they were liftecn yean ago. And so of all other animals of the woods that have not disappeared altogether. With the most, as the pioneer stepped in at the front door they stepped out at the back. But the fishes are still here, thou eh in greatly reduced numbers. Some of the larger varieties, as for instance the sturgeon and the drum, may have gone with the Indians, but the best are here yet. The conditions tor their continued exUtence in the streams flowing through the drift region are so potent that, in spite of all the de-' etraetiye agencies brought to bear during the past fifty years and more, some of the streams are yet fairly well stocked. Of all our streams, that very same White river, wherein are found such a superlatively large number of varieties, has had the hardest fight against the destructive influences. How many species must have found homes in its spring-fed pools and on its white-pebbled beds, iu that long ago before the white man came to pollute its waters, that have since tied to more favored retreats! From its source to its mouth the poisonous filth and garbage of not less than twenty-eight towns and villages is dumped or drained into its tide, to the destruction of its tish life. There was a time when the tilth and pollution from Indianapolis alone expelled all tha better varieties for a distance of ten miles or more, aa the crow flies, down the river. The wonder is there should be any fish worth the catching left in White river from the mouth of rogue's run to the Wabash, but in spite of seining, dynamite, Indianapolis and all the other destructive agents and agencies, there are places along White river where the bass and ether fishing is superb yet, in season. And what is true of White river in respect to its fishes is true of other streams runuing through the drift. Sugir creek, a stream having its source in Henry county and flowing thence through Jlaucock, She. by and Johnson, into Plue river, has maintained the purity of its waters as well perhaps as any stream in the state. There are but lew villages on its banks and these are very small. Migur creek, like all the other drift region Mreuins, is led by a system of springs flowing from its banks at short distances a Part all the way from its mouth to its source. The stream itself, and its numerous tributaries, Hows through fertile valleys bearing rich harvests of lish food, much of which finds its way into the currents and is carried down by them. Any dfce who has seen the sr.ndy snila of the fur north or the red and yellow clay foil of the south, and then examined the valleys along the brooks and creeks and rivers of the drift region will surely be struck with the superior richness of the latter in comparison with either of the others, in all that goes to make a fi.sh food supply. The decaying wood and the earth itself fairly teems with fish food such as larva, grubs, beetles and worms. It is because ot this that the streams swarm with multitudes of small try, which multitudes of small fry invite the presence of the larger fish. Perhaps no creek in the state has been more persistently seined and dynamited than Sugar creek. The law breakers in this respect have plied their vocation without fearof prosecution or tine, nevertheless hook and line hshing in ugar creek has always been fair, and there are times when it is eminently good when black baas and rock bass and croppies arc taken in large numbers. And besides the black bass that are taken are the gauiest I ever saw, every whit as game, no dmbt, as the bass caught by the old angler in White river. Oh, if the people could only be restricted to legitimate fishing, what abundant sport and food fish our central Indiana streams could afford! The cool, bracing, brain-clearing, life-prolonging atmosphere of the pine woods might call many to the far North, but surely none would go solely for the sake of the fishing. I have been struck with the silence of the early writers and of the local historians in general aa to fish and fishing in Indiana at the beginning. We have, it is true, general statements, but it is rare that any one descends to particulars, while of deer-shooting, bear-fighting and the like there is a tedious iteration. Quite recently, however, my attention was called to the journal kept by Col. John May of Boston of his journey to the Ohio country in 17S, and again in 1". He struck the Monougahela a few miles above Pittsburg, and floated down in a boat as far as Marietta where be remained for some time. Col. May does not seem to have been a fisherman himself, but he was, nevertheless, greatly interested in the tish he saw in the Ohio, and from what he says of them one may gain some idea of their great abundance as well as size in that river, and from that draw a conclusion as to what the condition in our Indian streams must have been at the time. The fish that engaged his attention were the pike, butlulo, sturgeon, cat, prch. bass, herrinc, "and others." The bas were of "two sorts," be says, and likewise the sturgeon. From the time the author struck the river his observations began. The fame of the Ohio for its fish seems to have reached him in his Boston home before he left it, for in a letter written from Pittsbnrg to his wife he says, "What has been said of the fish in these qunrters 1 am certain must be true, from what I have seen and experienced in the short time I have been here only twenty-four hours. Within fifteen rods of where I now sit they are all day catching tish of various kinds. iSome do not weigh more than one pound, but I have seen others that weighed eleven pounds. Within ten minutes after I put up at this house a little boy of ten years old fetched a perch alive that weighed five and a half pounds. These are.'things I have seen, and I have dwelt on the subject somewhat because it strikes me agreeably." Col. May was destined to stop over fourteen days at Pittsburg, nearly every one of which days he had something to say about the fish. One day it is that "two lads brought to my quarters a number of fine fish just catitht. Amongst them were two perch weighine forty and or.e-fourth pounds together. They have been caught weighing twenty-four pounds." But there seems to have been larger fi.sh than twenty-four pound perch at Pittsburg. "There has been." saya he, "a fish caught here which weighed 1:'0 pounds, and the story goes," he naively adds, "that he drowned the men who caught him." After Col. May reached Manetta he continues his notices of the fish. He is inclined to find fault with the size of the fish, for he says: "There are seven stout hearty men of us, and we have not been able to eat more than one fish at a meaL" On another page he throws some light on this: "Dined onbutlalo fish, the weight of which when caught was fourteen and three-fourths pounds. We had also a pike weighing seven and one-fourth ponnds. The men and I ate the whole." Pikes weighing eighteen, twenty-four and even twenty-nine and a half pounds, a cat fifty-nine and a half pounds, and a sturgeon four and a half feet long, all fell to his lot. The author, however, does not state how many were engaged with him in eating the twenty-two pounds of fish at one dinner, but it was, presumably, the "seven stout, hearty men" alluded to before. Three and one-seventh pounds of fish at one sitting is bi eating. Baillic firohman, who wrote "Camps in the Itoekies," a very entertaining book of travel and sport, writes as follows: "Three times a day did six big frying-pans appear on our primitive green-award dinner-table, and never did fish taste nicer, and never did four men and two dogs eat more of them. Hardly credible as it sounds, thirty pounds a day was hardly sufficient to feed our six hungry mouths; and when toward the end of my short stay in the basin, great economy in flour became imperative, forty ponnds vanished in a similar wonderfully speedy manner." This last number of pounds gives a fraction less than two pounds and three ounces to each man and dog at a meal. Haney, the Indianisn.who would eat a pound trout at a meal, would eat no more fish for a week. "Almost every evening," he says on another page, "there can be aeen large schools of fish playing around the boat f dare say, twenty or thirty barrels to a school." And on another, he tells how he slept In his boat until he conle get bis house in readiness, and complains that the "catfish and jterch make such a noise under my boat that they frequently keep me awake half the night." The editor of Col. May'a journal has appended two other foot notes bearing testimony upon the same subject. One is an extract from "Cnvniner'a Navigator," published at Pittsburg in 18-'t: "The fish of the Ohio are numerous aid of Tarioiu kinds the black and yellow-

cat, weighing from three to one hundred pounds; iho buffalo, from five to thirty pounds; the sturgeon, from four to forty, and the perch, from three to twelve pounds." "I wish you were here to viewtho beauties of Ft. Mcintosh," writes Gen. Harm ar to a friend. "What think you of pike of twenty-five pounds, perch of fifteen to twenty-five pounds, catfish of forty pounds, bass, pickerel, sturgeon, etc., etc?" Independence day was celebrated at Marietta while Col. liny was there, and after the oration the settlers and the soldiers sat down to a "handsome dinner," at which, according to Hildreth's history, "they had venison, bear and bufl'alo meat, and ft pike (speared in the Mttskinjfiitu by Jadee Devall and his eon Gilbert), which weighed 10O pounds." The age of bi fish in the Ohio river lasted till long after Col. May'a visit. In 1832, according to Sol 8mith an actor of the last generation, the "Chanman family" established and carried into operation a "floating theater," in which they descended the Ohio, playing at the towns along shore. The players were all very fond of fishing and members of the company would sometimes pursue this fascinating pastime during a performance. '"On one occasion" says the writer "while playing the "tranirer" (act iv, scene 1.) there" was a long wait for Francis, the servant of the misanthropic Count 'Francis! Francis!' called the Stranger. No

re ply. 'Fra 'rancis! Francis!' (a pause) 'Francis!' rather angrily called the Mranger again. A very distant voice 'Coming tirl' (a considerable pause, durinor which the Stranger walks upand down, a 'la Macready, in a great rage.) Francis!' " Francis (entering'IIere I am, sir." Stranger "Why did you not come when I called r Francis "Why, air, I was just hauling in one of the d est big catfish you ever aaw!" It was several minutes before the play could proceed. Bnt the big fish were not confined to the Ohio. In 1816 David Thomas made a tour to the western countrv, passing through Indiana over what was then known as the "Cincinnati trace" to the Wabash, and iu his book of travels be gives a list of the most notable fish in that river and also the sizes to which some of them attained. Three kinds of catfish he notes: the Mississippi cat, the mud cat and the bullhead. The first attains to a weight of 10 pounds, and the second to 100. The sturgeon was also, he says, found in th Wabash and weighed from twenty to sixty pounds. The "drum or white perch" (Col. May's perch) weighs from one to thirty pounds, while the "black perch or bass" (black bass) is excellent and wemhs from one to seven pounds. The buffalo fish weighs from one to thirty pounds and the rock mullet ten to fifteen. The red horse tips the beam at from five to fifteen, the river pike is larsrer but scarce, and the Jack pike (wall-eyed pike) runs from six to twenty pounds. It will thus be seen there was apparently no difl'ereuce in weight between the tHüo river and the Wabash fish, nor could there have been much, if any, between the Wabash and the White river tish. Mississippi cat weighing from .?) to 100 pounds doubtless amended the west fork .is high as Broad Hippie and the east tork to the mouth of Blue river. There were sturgeon a yard lorg and drum and red horse and builalo -plenty of them Weiching no less than twenty-five pounds, and pike perch (walleyed pike) and black bass ealore. The summer drouths following the deforesting of the country has driven orl" the big fish, but the black bass and some other and minor varieties are here yet, and if given hah" a chance will stay to bless mankind in all time to come. Stop the unlawful killing of fish and the unholy catching of the mother bass durintr the spawning season and no true fisherman will ever want for good fishing in Indiana. D. L. Baxta. General Sporting Notes. Hr. G. C. Bates of Lowed, Mass., broke fifteen pairs of blackbirds in succession and forty-eight out of rifty. McAulilTe has accepted Carney's challenge to fight for Kngbnd's club purse ot" 500, stake -'0. Police (JuvUe diamond belt. The Manchester (England ) jubilee handicap hurdle race for s.OOO, two miles, wfs won Tuesday bv Sir C. Hartopp's five-year-old, The Tyke. California's big thoroughbred Goliah, that New Yorkers lost bundies of money on, is now handicapped with a sulky. His losing daya are over. A dispatch from Memphis says that George HimVins hsa offered $.',500 for Proctor Knott, but Sam Bryan, is holding oat his hands for George Lavine of Eat Saginaw and George Siddons, the famoua western lightweight, are matched for $500 and gate money at Grand Kapids, Mich. One thousand people saw the fifty-bird shooting match between John Piggott and Annie Oakley at Jtockaway, X. Y., Saturday. Each made forty-three birds. Charles Budd has challenged Dr. Carver to shoot $ii0 a side at 100 living birds, and is willing to meet Carver either at Kansas City, Cincinnati, Chicago or St. Louis. A dispatch from Kentucky says that the Louisville jockey club will run the betting at the coming meeting, and that President Green of St. Louis will handle the betting at his track. There is considerable disparity in the weights of Joe McAulifte and Tom Lees, who are matched to fiht on May 22. Bth are in active training, the former tipping the beam at '22$ pounds, while Lees is but 1. A catch as catch can wrestling match for $Uxa side, between William Nhepard of Philadelphia and William Wild ot" Oldham, England, took place Saturday at Newark, N. J., the former winning in fourteen minutes. A rising star of the New York athletic club is Fred Babcock, short distance runner ami jumper. He has made luu yar ds in 10 1-5 seconds. In the broad jump he has cleared -1 feet inches. He stands ." feet inches in hight and weighs, trained, l'.iö pounds. The efforts to secure the annual regatta of the Mississippi valley rowing association for St. Louis have failed, and the regntta will be held on Lake Calumet, at Pullman, 111. The national regatta will be held at the same point, so the pretty suburb of Chicago promises to have no end of sport thin summer. The following cablegram from London has ben received by Richard K. Fox from Jake Kilrain: "My match with Sullivan creates considerable talk here. If Sullivan party want to bet any money that I won't win they can put out $50,000 here. Arthur Cooper, John O'Neill, Jack Pereival, and Charley White will bet that amount on my chances." A dispatch from New Orleans was received by Richard K. Fox, New York, last week, notifyine him that the match between Sullivan and Jake Kilrain for the diamond belt and L"0,0(K) can be fought at Herwig'a Bluff, twenty two miles from New Orleans, with the assurance that there will be no police interference. There is railway transportation for 15,000 spectators if needed. It is not often that Chicago and St, Louis unite in anything, and it will be rather a novel sight this season to see two St. Louisans working in a boat with two Windy City chaps for the championship of the West. Such will be the case, however. The champion pair, Malcolm and Gastrich. have made arrangements to row in fours with Messrs. Wienan and Korf of the Delawares of Chicago. George Atkinson of the Sporting Life cables as follows: "Admirers of Jake Kilrain, the American champion, intend to form a syndicate and raise a pool of 5,000 to put out on commission on Kil rain's chances of beating Sullivan. Among the syndicate will be Mr. Carew, Lord Mayo, Ixrd de Cliflord, and a number of prominent men who witnessed the great prowess he displayed in hii battle with Jem Smith." The report that Jamea F. Slevin, the champion of Australia, and the man who is said to have driven Peter Jackson out of that country, was on his way to America on the steamship Alameda, to fight Peter Jackson or any other heavy weight that cared to go up against him, for fun or money, proves to be slightly incorrect. The Alameda arrived at San Francisco a couple of days ago, and Slevin was not aboard. On the contrary, it was learned that the Australian had departed for England to get on a match with Jem Smith, the English champion. Boland, the middle-weight champion, and Murphy, the best man in that country in the feather-weight class, are only awaiting an opportunity to come to California and chow what they can do. All competent authorities, prominent among them being F. F. Roberts, M. D., professor of chemical medicine at University college hospital. London, England, says "Bright's disease has no marked symptoms of its own, but takes the symptoms ot other (so-called) diseases." If you have headache, fickle appetite, failure of eyesight, tube casts in urine, gradual loss of flesh and dropsical swelling, extreme wakefulvess, distressing nervousness, do not neglect such symptoms, or you will eventually have Bright's disease, or some other eflect of nervous kidney disease. Take Warner's Safe Cure, the only recognized specific for this disease.

THE BIRTH OF THE NATION.

HOW WE GOT OUR CONSTITUTION. The Straggle Over Its Adoption What We Owe to Paul Revere And the Boston Merchants Samuel Adams Conversion Crisis in American History. Two years ego I gave The Skntinel's readers a short history of the struggle to form the constitution of the Cnited States and the union formed by it Notice that I nse the word "struggle," for SUch it Was and it Continued about as long as the struggle for independence. The states were slow in adopting the articles of confederation Maryland being the last to ratify in March, 17M. Tty these articles congress was the sole representative of the general government until 17b!, whet, it was superseded by the present government. There was no union under the articles of confederation, as the states acted independently of and in many instances entirely repudiated the authority of congress. It seemed, therefore, almost a hopeless undertaking to form "a more perfect onion." Put the patriots like Washington, Madison, Hamilton, and many others worthy of mention did not hesitate to made the effort. Washington was indeed the center of all hope. After resigning his commission in the army be preferred repose at Mt. Vernon for the remainder of bis days, but upon the solicitation of Madison, Jay, Randolph and others, he again came to the rescue of his country and consented to accept the appointment of delegate from Virginia to the convention at Philadelphia. That he had ead forebodings of the future appears from many of his letters. In a letter to Col. Humphries he took a gloomy view of the condition of the country and then wrote: "Yet I would wish anything and everything esssyed to prevent the effusion of blood and to avert the humiliating and contemptible figure we are about to make in the annals of mankind." In writing to Gen. Knox, he saya"I do assure you that even at this moment when I reflect upon the present aspect of our affairs, it seems to me like the visions of a dream. In bewidling, which I have often done with the keenest sorrow, the death of our much lamented friend Gen. Greene (who died in li.StJ), I have accompanied my regrets of late with a query, whether he would not have preferred such an exit to the scenes which it is more than probable, many of his compatriots may live to bemoan." In another letter to CoL Humphries, speaking of the opposition to the congress nndvr the articles of confederation, he says: '"The wheels of the great political machine can scarcelycontinne to move much longer under their present eml:irr:is-mei)t. Congress. I am told, are seriously alarmed and hanily know which way to turn, or hat to expect. Indeed, my dear general, nothing but a irood Providence can extricate us from our present ditiiculties and prevent some terrible conclusion." Many more extracts oi the same tenor might be i;iven from tiie letters of Washington and those of his correspondents, who comprised the most distinguished patriots in the laud, but the above will furnish sufficient evidence that be was thoroughly alarmed at the condition of the country during the two or three years prior to the mee'tiug of ihe convention at Philadelphia in May, 17s". The greatest opposition to the formation of a new constiMition came from New England. Deputies from the states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey ami New York responded to the call of Virginia, and met her deputies at Annapolis, Mil., in November. 17S, and these deputies recommended congress to rail a convention to revise the articles of confederation. Congress referred the matter to a committee, composed of one member from each state, and this committee, by one majority, recommended the calling of the er nstitutional convention. The history of the opposition to the measures which led to the adoption of the constitution and Union is very interesting. There is very little of it found in school histories, an J ia these histories not much prominence is given to the untiring efforts ot those who brought about the meeting of the convention; who assisted in the formation of the constitution, and who afterward labored to secure its adoption. All these secured a great victory.and now that the blessings of their wise counsels and great labors have been enjoyed for a hundred years, the history of this struggle should be read as eagerly, and become as familiar, as that of the atmirirle for independence. Those who have given the subject little or no attention rest under the delusion that the people who were unanimously and closelv united in achieving independence, manifested the same unity in favoring the tdoption of the constitution and Union. It may be well at this time that this delusion hould be dispelled, and that all the facts should be known by the pretent generation, 'i he heroes who secured constitutional government and the Union are worthy of the highest praise, nnd their work and memories should not be forgotten by a grateful people. Madison, the father of the constitution, and his associates completed their labors on the 17th of September, 17S7, and immediately the struggle commenced over the adoption of tlie constitution by the states. The history of the interval between the adjournment ot the convention and the inauguration of Washington on April .'H 17!, while it is intensely interesting, at the same time dispels much of the glamour which has surrounded some of the states and many of the citizens of that day. Now that the country is celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the nation's birth it may bo. well to seek information as to who were the. friendb of tho infant. History discloses that there were a very large number of people who did not favor writing the word nation with even a little, much less with a hie, "N." It will be found that in some of the states where the infant was adopted by conventions the majority of the people were opposed to this action, and in others, the majority was very small. 'Ihe constitution was submitted to conventions, called in each stnte to consider it, and the following are the dates of ratiiicaiion and the votes: Del ware Dec. 6, 17S7, unanimously. Penuyslvanin Dec. 1U, 17f7, l'i to 1'.!. New jersey Dec. IS, l'7, unanimously. Georgia-Jan. 1, 17.VS unanimously. Connecticut Jan. !', 178s. 12- to 4n. Massachusetts Feb. rt. 17, 17 to Iöä. Marvland April 2'; 17, o:t to 11. South Carolina-May iM, 17, 1 lt to 73. New Hampshire June 21, 17, 57 to 4'i. Virginia June 25, KfW, f to 7t. New York J uly 2H, 17fS 30 to 17. North Carolina Nov. 21. 17e'J. Rhode Island May 2f, 17W. It will be noticed that North Carolina and Rhode Island did not adopt the constitution until some time after the inauguration of Washington. Of course they did not vote at the first presidential election, and while New York had adopted the constitution six months before the election, 6he also did not vote for the first president. As soon as the constitutional convention adjourned the constitution became the aubject of ridicule in Pennsylvania, and a bitter controversy was carried on in this state until it was adopted by the state convention. The honor of securing its adoption by this state is about equally divided between Franklin and a Mr. Wilson, who both were delegates to the convention that formed it. I referred in my former article to this Mr. Wilson, and said that he was one of the ablest members of the constitutional convention and did more to mold and shape the constitution than Alexander Hamilton. His memory has not been duly preserved. His name should be a household word. In Massachusetts Samuel Adams was at first Btrongly opposed to the the constitution. He was a member of the state convention, and his cnnveron is very interesting from the fact that Paul Revere figured conspicuously in it. The shipwrights and mechanics determined to convert Adams. They held a big meeting, adopted resolutions favoring the constitution, and appointed a committee, with Paul Revere at the head, to present them to Mr. Adams. Daniel Webster describes the interview. Adams took the paper, read it, and then asked Revere: "How many mechanics were at the Green Dragon when these resolutions passed?" "More, sir, than the Green Dragon could hobt." said Revere. "And where were the rest, Mr. Revere?" "In the street, sir." "And how many were in the treet?" ".More, sir, than there are stars in the sky." Mr. Adams changed his vote, and the constitution was adopted by Massachusetts through the influence ot Paul Revere and bis brother mechanics. This was the turning point of the controversy, for the action of Massachusetts, although secured by such a blight majority,

had great weight and influence on the remaining states. It is interesting to note that to the public meeting held at the Green Dragon tavern in Boston, by Paul Revere and the mechanics, we may possibly be indebted for the final adoption of the constitution. But after the adoption by Massachusetts the etmirgle continued with great bitterness in other states. When the New Hampshire convention met it was discovered that the majority would probably be opposed to the adoption of the constitution, and iu friends secured an adjournment until June, when, as we have seen above, it was adopted by a vote of 57 to 4'J. New York ratified it by only three majority. One historian says the state was "dragged into" the Union. And after it was in, the discontent and turmoil continued, and prevented the state from voting for the firs'. President. The constitution was called the "New Hoof," and ita enemies assailed it with able arguments, ridicule and fierce denunciation. Itiots occurred in Pennsylvania, and blood was shed in Albany, N. Y. The whole country was agitated, and there was more politics then than ot late years, and this is stating the case very strongly. After the constitution was adopted by a sufficient number of states, a bitter controversy arose in some of the states over the manner of choosing the presidential electors. What would have been the result of the final effort to establish the new government, had the country not had a Washington to rally around, it is not difficult to conjecture. The presidential ctectors were to be chosen on the first Wednesday in January, 17,a9. The electors were to meet on the first Wednesday in February to elect the president, and the new government was to be put in full force on the first Wednesday in March, Kf9, which was the fourth day of that month. It is a difficult thing for the present generation to understand why all the senators and representatives were not in their places on that day. But they were alow in reaching New York, the seat of government, and it was some days before a quorum was obtained. Then the vote tor president had to be counted, the result announced and a messenger dispatched to Mt. Vernon to notify Washington, and one to Boston to notify John Adams, the vice-president. Then Washington consumed some days in going to New York, and when he arrived Federal hall was not finished and the inauguration was postponed one week. The reader can now see whv Washington was not inaugurated until the 30th of April. Some historians assert that had the adoption of the constitution depended on the intrinsic merita of the instrument it would have failed. It was the influence of the great characters who supported it that finally secured its adoption. When Washington came to the presidency a large number, if not a majority, were preiudictd against the new plan of government. He had a most difficult task to perform &i president. In addition to organizing and putting in working order nil the machinery of the new government he bad to break down the prejudice against it and make friend of its t nemies. When the condition of the country immediately preceding his inauguration is considered, it becomes a matter of wonder that his administration was so successful. Perhaps no other man could have safely smarted the I'nion on its course. This, his victory of peace, was r.s great, if not greater than his victory of war. l'.nt while honoring Washington, the grand patriots and statesmen who assisted aud sustained him should not be forgotten. They seemed to have been inspired by Divine wisdom. That the work of their minds, the constitution, should hare stood the test ot a hundred years under, at times, the most adverse circumstances, i almost conclusive evidence of their insniration. All honor to the men who struggled to form the constitution and Union and accomplished the great work. JrnoK Lewis Jordan. Indianapolis, April 27. ONE OF THE FOX SISTERg. ' Why Mrs. Katie Repudiates and Loathes So-Called spiritualism. X. Y. WoriJ. In the short account given in the World of the anniversary of modern spiritualism, held at some hall in Seventh-ave. and Fifty-s!cond-it, Mrs. Underhill is reported to have said: "I can not understand why my sisters should have made such statements, and only hope they will soon be brought back to the truth." When I beard such untruthful, wicked remarks, coming from a woman who knows, that "spiritualism," in all its varied forms, is based upon a simple myth, with not a single thread of truth running through it from the beginning to the end, it urges me on to do my duty. From the simple little trick done (by my sister Katie and myself) for our own childish amusement, old cunning heads have built upon it an ism, "spiritualism," and before its altars the hypoCritical pretender and the devout soft-brained believer bow with meek reverence. What can the woman mean by bringing Ti back to the truth. What truth? The only proof and truth that the detested word "spiritualism" rests u pon has been demonstrated by the toe-rappings before thousands of learned people here iu New York, and will again be demonstrated as soon as I am ready to appear before the public in every city in the United States. When Mrs. Drown became the wife of Daniel Underhill, a rich man, why did 6he not close ber doors upon all spiritual humbug and try to make atonement for the past, for she did not, like Katie and me, receive the title of "Spiritual Medium." when too young to judge right from wrong? she could have made great atonements. She could have taken Katie (Mrs. Jencken)and myself out of this vile deception and thereby have covered a multitude of sins. But no; she had set hersoul to workout and establish a false doctrine; false, utterly false. Perhaps she has so long nursed and cherished the humbug that she has at last become a believer in her own deceit. I would rather die of starvation than to be acriin forced to carry tiie terrible, loathsome weight of "spirit medium," and that is what Mrs. Underhill means by being "brought back to truth." Margaret Fox Kane.

False Philanthropy. Boston Transcript. A dialogue overheard in a barber shop: Short man, very bald, seated in a barher's chair, undergoing the razor nnd talking spasmodically with a tall, hairy man, who is having Iiis hair cut in another chair "Well, Charley, I thought some of raising a beard last fall, but we have to support the barbers, you know." Hairy man, blowing the hairs out of his mouth "Support the' barbers, eh? Well it strikes me that a man who can have his hair cut with his hat on can't do much toward supporting the barbers!" Time Waits For No Man. Scranton Truth. "For shame, William, to come to your wife so late. I-ast night it was 12 and now it ia actually 2 o'clock in the morning." "Well, my darling, don't be angry. Supposing I had come early, it would have been J o'clock now just the same." Wanamaker the Prohibitionist. Louisville Courier-Journal.) It is Mr. Wanamaker'a intention to keep a bucket of lemonade in all the postoflices in order to do away, so far as possible, with the inebriating and demoralizing custom of "rushing the growler." Unexpected. IDurlington Free Press Belle "Don't I look like a perfect fright in my new sack, though?" Clara (absent-mindedly ) "Yes." Bella "You mean thing! I'll never speak o you again as long aa I live." What you need is a medicine which is pure, efficient, reliable. Such is Hood's Sarsaparilla. It possesses peculiar curative powers. Consumption Surely Cured. To tub Editor Please inform your readers that I have a positive remedy for the above named disease. By its timely use thousands of hopeless cases have been permanently cured. I shall be glad to send two bottles of my remedy free to any of your readers who have consumption if thevtwill send me their express and P. O. address. Respectfully, T. A. Sloclm, M. C, 181 Pearl-sL, New York. Pr. Henley's Trne Invigorator. Digestion of food facilitated by taking Dr. Henley's Celery, Beef and Iron. It gives tone to the stomach, and aids nature. Price, ?1. To Threshermen. We have for sale, theap, on very reasonable terms, three second-hand threshing machines and one tendiorse plain engine that have only had two or three seasons service, and are in good running order. We need the room in our warehouse, and to parties who want to buy second-hand machines this is a rare opportunity. Call soon. W. S. McMlLLEX, 22 Keutucky-ave., Iudiauapvlis, Ind.

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ar aU No. 1 Oa k le, I to 0-i mAnf sec. INDIANA. THEIR ORIGINAL. INTRODUCER. T ofW need of these rhr- wuH; t'-tn- I'rlu T.J r'r,'.,--Nlirnet, MarHlrhe.td M.immoth and Lorrrvl'ow tr? Lc!ipe ar.d Crosby Pxrts; Snow-flake, Mar'jl'-r-arly Horticu!vir;i!, CarrnT-ir m:id bi:1-, t Karnpion anl Kmluckv Wond rp"l B"jn: S?asons, F.irljr lieep-He.vl. Iam.-h PrumVad. iTTZVX Ih- .-?A I 1. .- s-"""ti l- rmw -f Tri JAjs. J. 11. GRt GOlir, 2Iarble5aeU, Siaas. OTICE TO HEIR?, CTtr.PlTor.S. Etc In the matter of tbo estate of Jnwpb MeCosnell, de'a-itd. In the Marion Circuit r..urt. Mar term. lsi Nm-rc is hT by .-!- a that ;.-"Vo It. Itnn'jtvtoti, asadiiiinisiraiorif i!i f-uie of .li-..h M'ononl. deceased, has irevrited and tibd Irs m.-count au1! vourhers i.i final s.-ttl.tnont ol said -tute, and that the atiie w i!l eme up f"r examination and aotb-n oi saiil 'ircuit t V.r.rt un the 7th riay ( M.ij . t?, t 1 1 ich lime all h- irs. rr.(iir nr U-jstoos of ssid etat are re juiroil to .ir. nr in ai'l i-ourl sn.t jheaus', il any ther.-I. hy tai'J aoi-nim nnd voiirh. ers fluni id ti"t ! approved. ilthe beirs of (si1 estate are r.l-o hereby riuired at the time and ph'-e aforesaid, to H;iear and make f.r,i.,f of their heirship. H.oKi; 1 ill N TIN'. luX, Adniini-traior. IluwardCsle, Attorney. -.'4 ?t 5 OTICE TO IIEir.S, Cr.EMTOP.S, ETC. In the matter of the C5late of Nathani! Csrpentsr, defeased. la the Marion circuit rour. May term, 15. "Notice ii hereby ivea tint Paol.el .1. Criotr, aa eseeufris of the estate ot "Sstlisniel larp-Dter. deceased, has prev-nted and tiled her account ai voucher in coal ettlement of raid estate, and that the same will come up (' xuruiuatioo nud action of said circuit court on the Mh day of May, l?3, at which time all heir, creditors or lecates ot said estate are required to appear ia Mid court and show cause, if any there he, w hy taid account sod vouchers should not he approved. And the htirs ef said estate are also hereby required at tne tint and plann a fort-said, to appearand tiiaL proof f their heirship. RACHEL J. ( AUrLXTElt, Liecutria. Kilter A Kitter, Attorneys. 21-2t SECRETS OF ra A PrirotA ltrtc Wrw rsam nnntfim .1 rlMlni? marrlafro and for nion uffcrnt' 'SI . 1 i .. X' - na. ft . . T v. cases. Snd 6c. for sculod copy. Consult the old Doctor confidential. K?,uBM;,. L. R. WILLIAMS, M. D., tLl m Btadolpa M., mieere. ill x rOTICG OF AmilSTMENT. Notice Is hereby eien that the nndersicnd has duly qualified as administrator, with tho will annexed, of the estato of Jeremiah K. Tnllis, late of Marlon county, Indiana, decea d. aid estats ts sip;)osed to be solvent. ii-jt KRANK W. FLANNER, Administrator. IOTICE OF APPOINTMENT. Notice Is hr-nhy piven that th undersiguM has duly qualitird as administratrix of the ettale of John Snyder, late of Marian county. In liana, deceased. Said ctat is suptxwed to 1 solvent. v43t CEEIA SX YllEls Admiuistrstrii. N TOnCE OF A PI "O I N T M E N T. Notice Is horrbv pivon that Ihe un lersi-o'-T h duly qualified ss administrator of the e!at of Caroline" ttrof, Ute of Marion onnty, Indiana, deceased. Sai J eotata is supposed to he soitent, iU.IA.Vl lilLD. Eaecntor. KcaliDg A II Hg-j. Atiorucya. 17-..l