Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 30, Number 47, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 December 1884 — Page 6

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THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL WENEBDaT, DE6EMBE11 24, 1884. 6

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OUR FAIIJI FIUESDS.

Stay On the Farm-Tour Nevrgpaper. Tho Value of Liquid Manure Protecting 8mall Frulta In Winter. WlBterloK van rir-Kpts Applet Caring Perk wart Beel-UUHtlBg APr mad Carcea UousetaalHints aud farm Nt Frt, On thn""' , Cem ie ri wllec-in,; the home tractions, äs and slas: Tn tain of minof Australia, 1 tj've wealth in tbe rcl irold, no doabt, "But an ! there is gold oa tbe farin, boyj, 1! only you'll'. hovel It out. The nieriatiti's life is a hazirl. Ilie goo-infre flrt hisb. and then low; "Jetter riet the old farm a while lunger U.n'i be ia a hurry w go. The preatt?ty West has inducements, And so has the busiest mart; tut weal'.a is not made in a day, boys; Uoa't be In a hurry to stirtl Tr - taukvrs and brokers are wealthy, They ritke in tneir tnousan ls or so; Ah! tMck of the fraud and deceptions Dou t be in a hurry to go. The farm Is the safest and stirbt. The orchard are loaded day: Yoo kte freo an ths air la We mo'iniSS, And monarch of all yoa orvey; B tter My on the farm grille longer, Uiouti profit cooies' rather slow; Remember yoa he notaln to ri--k, bsys, Don't Ns iu slurry to go. SfclSCtöJ. Your Newspaper. f -vc dore that our many farmer friends -1 cot forget to renew their subscription to the Weekly Sentinel. We give special attention to oar agricultural department. Every week our paper contains three or four columns of matter expressly devoted to the interests of the farmer and hi3 household, and in addition to this a Icrge mass of mis cellaneous reading and the cream of the week's news. The price is placed so low that every one can reach it $1 per annum. Think cf it, not quite two cents a week. "When yoa are through with thia week's paper let your neghbor read it. The Value of Liquid Manure. IPhllaJelphia Record. The manure on the farm is usually valued in proportion to the solid matter contained therein, while the liquids are given but little consideration by some farmers. A comparison of the value cf the l;quids with the solids will easUy demonstrate that the liqr.ids contain a larger amount of available matter than the solids, and is also much richer in nitrogen. It ia estimated that the amount of liquid manure produced annually by a siegle animal is 2uO pounds for a pig, 2,100 pounds loia horse, 2,C(M poo nd3 lor a cow and 500 pounds for a sheep. That from the pig contains fourteen pounds of ammonia; that from the horse contains thirty-seven pounds of ammonia; that fro -n the cow cine pounds, and that from the aheep eight pounds. While the value of the liquids from the pig estimating for the nitrogen, potash and a trace of phosE boric acid is 4, the value of the eolids i bet 62 cents, owing to the fact that while the liquids contain less phosphoric acid than the solids they are so very rich in nitrogen as to posse s a commercial value seven times greater than that of the solids. If we compare the liquids and solid from the horse the result will be three times as much nitrogen in the liquids a in the solids, but the eohds being much richer in potash and phosphoric arid, nearly balance the df ficiency of those substances in the liquids. Yet the value of the solids is estimated at $ I0,and that of the liquids at $9.75. The cow produces, in value, $5 worth of solid manure and $3 of liquid manure, the ammonia in both being nearly equal, but the solids excelling in phosphoric acid and potash. While the estimate of the amount of liquid manure from the sheep Is placed at 500 pounds, the amount of the solids is only fifty pounds, aad though the soli as are richer in phosphoric acid, the liquids largely predominate in both potato and nitrogen. The value of the liquids is f 2.20 per annum, while that of the solids is estimated at only fifty cents. The estimates given are from carefully conducted experiments, and, though liable to variation to a certain extent, enable us to estimate the true value of the many millions of galloos of liquid manure annually lost to agriculture and the country by omission to cave such waste and apply it properly. O i very farm there should be suitable methods devised for collecting the liquids and conducting them to a proper receptacle, where they may be intimately mixed with proper absorbents. Upon this matter we have made suggestions before, but there is another important consideration, vthich is, that when crops are supplied with solid manure that has been deprived of the liquid portion, disappointment often results to the crop, the f, I ants lacking nutriment, though growns on a nigniy-manurea soil. lo demonstrate this, let us notice the wheat plant. It has a Btrong preference for nitrogen, and that element, if deficient in the toil, must be supplied, or the plant will not come to full growth and maturity. While the farmer may strictly do his duty to the soil by the profuse application of solid manure, he will supply an excess of fiotash, with probably insufficient nitro ;en, f such manure is produced by the horse or cow, and if the manure used be from the pig or sheep the wheat plant will be benefited 80 slightly as to produce bat an inferior crop. Should the farmer, however, apply both '.he liquid and solid portions of the manure to the crop, the combination, being a perfect plant food, will contain a full proportion ot all the principal substances requiredpotash, nitrogen and phosphoric acid and any excess remaining over will be retained on heavy soils, to some degree, for a succeeding season. The liquids being more soluble, move valuable and more immediately available as plant food, should receive the highest consideration oa the part of all who cultivate the soil. Protecting- Small fralta In Winter. (Correspondence Prairie Fanner.) The only drawback to snail fruit-growing in our Northwestern States is the severity of our winters. To be sure, there are droughts to be warded off, insects to combat, and a little skillful attention to be given during the growing season; but the great bug-bear of the would-be fruit-grower is the winter. Now, I have never grown fruit in large quantities for market, but I have raised harries for our own family nse, and have never had any very serious losses by winter-kill or other causes. Our section of the country was originally heavily timbered, and ia still considerably protected by wood lots and timbered fiats; but I am satisfied that I could grew berries npon the open prairies by using tbe same methods and precautions that I have adopted here. Probably there are not mare than two or three years out of ten that the bushes would need any covering here in winter; but as we have no mean? of knowing when those exceptional winter are coming, we aim to be al ways prepared for tbe worst, and in that way avoid loss. The hardy currant and gooseberry need bat little ;more than m .heavy mulch of fine material about the roots and lower stalks. This, as la claimed by many of my neighbors, is often aa effective with blackberry aud raspberry plants as a full covering of the top, as given in the laying down process. Tbe danger of losinz the next year's crip honld induce the grower to protect the l'pper c&nrs t3 reU es the lower stalks aad

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roots. It is easy to trim ta canes down and cover them in tne ee-,A, wh'.ch is the mcst available mater V and the best. I take a spade and throw few spadefuls of earth up close to the iks In the form of a low loDg mound o bend the stalks over, that they n7 not be broxen or sharplp bn- tany place in carrying them, to tne ground. 1 bend th'o- very carefully, and coyer the t Aa to the very top with three or fcur inches of earth. They should not be bent and covered until just before the ground frrtr.es up for the winter, and they should be uncovered as early as possible in spring. hkh will be as soon as the frost is well o t of the earth that surrounds the tops. Of course they will be verv mach out of shape after be-Dg released, bat they will soon straiihten cd and recover. There ia always

dancer in sine strong manure for covering placts of this kind, as mice will tint shelter and make a business of gnawing lit tander bark. The strawberry bed ra7 be covered with coarse litter, which should be worked into the soil between the rows in the SDrinz A tttckly matted bd, as we too frequently find the ra. will oltea withstand a hard wm ter without coverine, but a well-ordered bed should always have its covering in winter. Wintering Fa!: Pigs. JlCorrcspeaaence Livestock Keoordl The bofct method of carrying oyer fall pi is a timely question with farmers just now, ar.d should be closely looked into, it n not good policy to have fall pigs, bat formers can uoi always avoiu tueui. x-ariy ynu p'psUmt can b fattened fo? market by Co ristn.es are the ni&it troGUble. 11 ui the farmer will occasonaliy find a lot of nal pigs on his han Ja, and he must ma'rt preca rations to winter them over. Tbis thou'i h done in the most economical way. QooJ bhelter should be the timt thin,? provide i. ai,d something else besides corn fed. To make the cheapest pork that, whan fattened for market, costs tae leut per pound, the pitrs nnst be crowded from the start. Keeplnr them growing with the etitapest food is the secret of success. As durir2 the w'ntr a larse per cent, of the fud ccuMcmed is taten up in maintaining animal heat, pood shelter is one of the moat taring elements in wintertss over fill pigs. Where pigs have the run of good paitarae during the summer or green rye or clover it requires but little graia to keep them ia a growing condition daring warm weather. But during winter this can not bt had, and as a consequence an extra amount of otaer food must be provided. As taid before, shelter is one cf th tdaentlals in economically wintering over pigs. It should be warm and dry, yet constructed so as to admit of good ventilation. A to feed, I have found corumeal, wheat bran, rooa or cLopjfd oats far cheaper feed for carrying over p:gs than corn fei alone in the grain. A slop made of any one of these, whether fed warm or cold, is more economical thau giain. Keep the pig ia a growing coa lition. It will cost Jess to keep them growing and maintain animal beat than if thf 7 we-e allowed to run down and then build then up again. 1'igs kept in thi9 way will be ia good condition to ran ou the pasture tae following spring and summer and make extra hegs the second wiater. Keeping Applet. A Pennsylvania farmer, who had tried variocs methods of keeping apples, obtained the best success by wrapping each apoie m pper, placing in a barrel, anl heaOing it. lie tored hoies in the top and b ittan, so ai to allow a free circulation of air, aad laid the barret npon its side in as cool a place as was Bale fro n the frot. The variety of apples was the Fallowaters. On the 5h of May he opened the barrel and found thera in mot excellent condition. There were only twf uty speckled and rotten apples in the whole barrtl, while the color was beautifully pmervf d. and the apples had a delicious favor. They were fresh and beautiful in appearance, without any dampness or moisture. A gentleman present when tbe barrel was opened pronounced them the best kept apples he had ever seen. The soccers teemed to be due to the fact that the paper absorbed all the moisture that was given of! by the apples, while the holes in the top and bottom allowed the free circulation of air." This Is a method worth trying for preserving a few apples for home use, but evidently could not very well be practiced for preserving large quantities of fruit. Where large quantities of fruit are stored for preservation, the best method seems to be to keep down the temperature as near the freezing point as possible without chilling tte fruit. I.ow temperature is the best preservative, and if it could be maintained near the freezing until midsummer, there would be little difficulty in preserving fruit until that time. Some store in racks, allowing a free circulation of air, and others store in barrels closely headed up. Very goil results are obtained by either method. Coring Fork aad Ueef. The manner in which pork and beef are cured makes a good deal of difference in their keeping and eating qualities. The Germantown Telegraph has for many yers published each fall the following method, and claims that meat cured by it always keeps sweet: To one gallon of water take 1 M pounds of salt, i pound pound of tragar, 14 ounce saltpeter, once potasn. Ia this iatio the pickle can be increased to aay quantity desired. Let these be boiled together until all the dirt from the sugar rises to tne top ana is skimmed oil. Then throw it into a tub to cool, and when cool pour it over 3 our beef or pork. The meat must be well covered with pickle, and should be put down for at least two days after killing, during which time it should bs slightly sprinkled with powdered saltpeter, which removes all the surface blood, etc., leavingthe meat fresh and clear. Some omit boiliag the pickle and find it to answerwell, though tbe operation purifies tbe pickle by throwing oil' the dirt always to be found ia tbe salt and Bcgar. If this recipe is strictly fol lowed it will require only a single trial to prove its superiority over the cooimoa way, or most ways, of putting down meat, and will not soon be abandoned for any othr. The meat is unsurpassed for sweetness, delicacy, and freshness of color. Itlltzlnc A mtmoiron Animal Careaasea. this subject was read before a recent meeting of the National Soci ety oi Agriculture of France deecribing a new process which seems to furnish a chetp method of converting into fertilizing ma terial tne entire c-arcasses of animals, or such parta of them as are not desired for other purposes. The bodies are covered with cold sulphuric acid, which dis I1ITM .ntir. t h m .ua wa IwvnAM n .1 V . and the dark, concentrated liquor procured is converted into superphosphate. M. Picard gave the details of practice and the results obtained from many carcasses. The fertilizer obtained was about twice as cheap as that sold in the market under the name Of phospbo-guano, which, in richness, is equivalent to our azotized superphosphate It wonle seem that the method is an excel lent and practical one as regards the public health aud the economical production of fertilizers. It would be of special advan tage in disposing of animals having died o contagious diseases like the glanders. Buch bodies buried at ordinary depths are likely to become centers of infection. The acid in this proceet. however, would destroy the disease germs as thoroughly as the carcass. HOUSEHOLD BINTS. One who retains the "sweet tooth" of his childhood will find this to bis liking: Make a banana pi, with a lower crust only; bake tbe ciust first, then fill it with sliced ban anas and powdered sugar; the fruit wil soften sufficiently in a few momenta. Cover the top with whipped cream and eat at once. A convalescent with capricious appetite may sometimes be tempted to eat of this Toast two thin slices of Graham bread, but ier trem. and on the lower side pour some hot etewed berries. Hot apple sauce is also

nice for th?s; press the upper side npon it, J

and, alter outierina; vj op wikuuj, boilir g water over it. This must be drained off almost as soon as put on, or the toast will be ruined, and love s laooc wiu De iosu Date sance, which is Tef J nice with bread pudding, Is made by stewing dates la Just enough water to cover them; let them sim mer for three quaiters oi an nonr, men n the dates are soft rub them through a colander, beat it until it is light, add water if it ia needed to thin it, let it come to a, boil. If you have saved the juiee of frr.it when canning it, me this instead of wter to thin the cauce. The juice of currents is especially appetizing. A cream pie made after this rulers an improvement ripan the old-time so-called cream pie: Make a rich custarJ; if possible u?e crearj. but if not use itch milk and some cream with it; bake this in a pair taste: while it is baking whip a coffee cupful of thick, sweet cain till it is as light ea can be, and when the pie is taken from the oven put the wsippei cream on tbe top. Fruit loaf made i bread dough, is very nice. After the ongh has risen the first time take a pietJ about thaeize jou would need tor a loaf -f braJ : roll this oat on the kneadinc boa until it is not more than an ini.h thick; tQ this spread any kind of fruit that yoa clooae i-neUsh currants. Chopped raisins, swed figs or jam may aoy of them becsfd' sprinkles little pandered sa;&r over th fruit, and put some little lamps of butte- here and there on it, or spread the dcruh with butter before putting the fruit on it- Holl it up very tL-htly into a lof, let it rise, and bake it in a hot o. en. Cat it ia thick s ices when done. This may take the form of a plain pudding; in this cae it must be ferved hot, with sauce. The siuce should be lieh and highly seasoned, and the puading must be cut iu thin slices, anl th-s sauce should be very hot s j that it will pene rte and rotten the crusr. Cinnamon rolls sr-s madebytakinz the doTjph jnt aa in tbe fruit loaf. Spread the roll with bnttt-r and ppriakle cinnamon aad sugar over it: roll it up tightly; then cut oil" strips as if you were making blrviir; pit them into the baking-tics, put a little lump ot bntter on the top of each one and eprinkte sngar and cinnamon on each; let tae n rie until light, then bake quickly. Thesa are especially nice for tta. Arrow-root sauce for bread or rice pn 1dirgs is made of two spoonfuls of arrow-root, the juice of one lecaon, a little grated nutmeg, half & pint of watr, and sugar to the taste. Wet the arrow root with the water, stir it until it is smooth, add the other in gredients and let all come to a bail. A little wine is an agreeable audition. A novelty in the shape of a pia cushion is made in the form ct a work-ba. It is nearly square. It is faced with pius silk, the covering be'.ng of oii'e plush. Oa the nppr title is a spray of flowers in arraseae e nbroiuery jo. at a roe and bud j, or some simi lar simple design. The bag is shirred, and a pink bow put ou over th shirrii.g. TnU may hang bebide the toilet tabie er lie upon the dreading case. It is a pretty ornament, and it may be used au advaatags over many ornamental cushions. The tri best way to fry pan-fish, and the way adoptee by lishermen and cooks, is to fir&t fry eooae t n slices of salt pork; it is of no conequ nee whether yoa like pork or not, fiah mroi be fried in lard anyway, and the fat obtained from the salt pork is ot th bst quality. Take the pork out wheo fri-id crisp, leave the irymg-pan over the liret keep hot. Then, af'er care.'ully dressing the l.srt, roll theui in maun meal, put tasm into the hot f&t; turn with care when one side is browned, and yoa will have no uiore trouble about their failing in pieces. Tan is the best way; but if you have no pork, or prefer to U9e lard, uee it, but do not neglect to roll the fish in meal. The following recipe for Savoy cake n found in an old Erjglifch cook-book; the cke is delicious: The weight cf four egss in pounded loaf-sugar, the weight of sevea ia ilour, a little grated lemon peel or almond extract for t'.avoring. Lreak the seven egga, putting the whites into one bowl and the yelks into another. Beat the yelks very fight, and mix the sugar with tbem and the flavoring; btat them well together; then add the whites, wfiich have been beaten to a froth. Put the llcnr in by degreee, and after it is all Etirred in keep on beating the dough for at least fifteen minutes. The cake should be baked in a loaf, and it will require from one hour aad a quarter to one hour and a half for it to bake. It has become the cus tom cf late to bake almost all cakes in a layer, and the delicious loaf-cake of our childhood has almost entirely disappeared. It takes less time and thought to make a layer cake, and there is danger that genuine loaf-cake making will become a lost art. An innovation in. puaumes is to add ap ples or reaches to tbe mixture called "cottage pudding." The fruit should be sliced, so it will become soft in the short time required to bake the pudding. .Lemon ducs are made of one-quarter of a pouBd or nutter, calf a pound of snar, one pound of flour, four eggs, half a teacapf ul of sweet milk, two teaspoonfuls of baking po v aer; aaa lemon extract to your taste; currants, a!eo, if yoa choose. Bake in a mod erate oven. a joveiy lambrequin lor a long Bheif is made of dark crimson felt. It is finished on the edge with handsome fiiage, and on oae side is a large bunch of yellow daisies and some wild roses. The effect ia surprisingly pretty, and it does not take a great deal o time to do it. A pretty cae to hold cabinet photographs. and which is intended to lie oa the table, is made of plush folded like a book; it is lined and has body given o it by haying one thickness of waddiDg bf-oween the lining and the outside; the pinna is folded over at the side aod form a sort of pocket, which holds the pictures in place; it'niay be ornamented with embroidery: and a pretty deäizn is a pomegranate tad leaves; or it may have the initials of the owner in silver loiters npon it. A pretty wool basket for a sitting-room may be made of an old market basket, with the top removed, the old pieces out out, tbe remainder covered with gold varnish; the edges are bound with crimson velvet, and ribbon bow ornaments the handle. Molasses puffs are easily made, and nice when eaten hot. Oae cupful of sugar, onenaif enpfal of butter, onecupfal of molasses, one egg, one tablespoonful of singer, one teaspoonful oi soda, one cupful of hot water, four cupf nls of flour and a pint of salt. Bake in gem pans. Avoid Foisoa Perfumes. Various cases of poisoning from the use of perfumes have been reported in recent English journals. In one instance a little girl had boutrht some heliotrope perfume at a bazaar, and naa applied it on her lace. This caused vesicular eruption, swelling, itching, and. in iaci, erysipelas, wmcn lasted for some time. The scent was made with some prod ucta of coal tar, and not with the odoriferous principles of plants, thus acquiring its irritating properties. Danish Pudding or Fruit Tapioca. Three quarters oi a cup of pearl tapioca, a pint and a half cf boiling water, onesaltspoonful ot salt, quarter of a cup of sugar, and half a tumbler of currant jelly. Pick over and wash the tapioca. Put it in the double boiler with the boiling water, and cook one hour, or till soft and transparent, stirring often. Add tbe salt, sugar and currant jelly, btir till the jelly is all dissolved. Pour into a gla&s dish, and keeo on ice Serve very cold, with sogar and cream. Half acupoi lemon juice, or any acid fruit syrup, or one cup oi canned apricot, peaca or quince may be uad instead of jelly; or. in summer, use one pint of ripe berries, or any email units, addicg mure sugar as required. Young cooks are found wondering how it is possible to give to cake the tenderness and lightness it nsed to have before the days of baking powders, bone ixparimenta were recently made, and it wae ftown ooncltrvively that stirring and beating are more to be depended on for producing t ne-gralned and delicate cake than any quantity of butter or eggs or powder. A cake was ad io this

way: uce cupoi (fjguand half a cup of butter were sti; together until light and

creamy ; or;, Irh egg was then broken and put in Wjf v,ftnt heatin? the three fnpredi- - -, - - ni o ems w,re tnen rapidly beaten for four mlnö'rfli teacnpful of sweet milk was added, witr. ilararing to the taste; nearly two cups or suted flour were then put in and one fcee.cinr teaspoonful of baking powder; tr.ee were all been together for five minutes; the ''ough was baked in t buttered tin, in odv small loaf; tbe oven wes hot, and in a little over half an hour. with a steady heat, the cake was done. When it was cold it was cut in square pieces; it was lemon vfcllow in color, with a eoldea brown crust, and it was then submitted to a committee who did not know of what it was made, nor the process of making, and it was pronounced delicious and of exquisite qual ity. There is one thing about cake-making that is not generally known. A quantity of flour is given in a recipe, and yo" follow the recipe closely, and the result is not what you expected, for the reason that there is a vast ditlerence in flour. Borne kinds of flour seem to possess almost a fourth more thickening power than other kinds, and it is a wise precaution to bake a ipoonful of douo before von bake the cake, as yon can then add more flour if it is necessary, or can thin the dough With a little milk if that is needed. FAKH NOTEJ. The Rural Naw Yorker reports a yield of 1,31'J bushels of potatoes on an acre oi land A top dressing of fine stable manure in winter is a great benefit to lawns and g:H plots. A German company with a capital of t4.oo.0oo is about to engage ia the Aniora goat bnsinees In Texas. A slop-hole at tbe back door will mike enough doctor's bills to drain the wuole farm, says the Rural lloins. The French cheese-mikers do not consider a cow profitable unless she produce3t) tha vrloe of from $1.J to $000 per annum. It is estimated that it cos's from ?10 to $15 to feed a steer through the winter, and sometimes as high as 5J'J when the animal is forced. It is claimed that gooseberry mildew may be prevented by keeping the ground under the bui-hescool by. a thick mulch of manure er straw. That sheep are the best adapted of all live stock to assist in reuovatm a run down farm and increasing tbe fertility of any laud is generally admitted. Lately wheat has been three shillings per quarter lower in Londou thai it hs ne-n or 104 Tear. Lnn as wheat is, it is not much lower than other products, meat ex cepted. Late crn that may not ripen before frost should be cut up aad fed in bulk. All Kinds of stock are fond of it, aad will fatten rapidly on it. For early pork and the feedine of milch cows it is particularly valuable. Tbere is no certain rule about the me of planter on clover. Ia soiue situations a bushel will yield a ton; in others it does no more good man so niuca roai uast. it should be tried in all localities where fer tilizers are Deeded. Farmers who like cabbage greens in the Erring pull up their cabbage, wnea ready to u-e thexi, and set the stalks clos-s together in a trench, with the rcots deep. In the spring these will throw out sprouts that f arnisa nice greens. Teach and plum 6 tone?, if kept in a cellar daring tbe winter, must be exposed to freez ing before spring. The best way is to epread tbem on a bed and cover them with a law inches of earth or tanbark, and allow them to remain out all winter. The Journal cf Chemistry states that the ant is an active and efficient destroyer of the caßkerworm. They seize the worms, which feed upon the leaves, and bear thm to tV.ir nests in the ground, it is claimed that they also attack the army worm. Stealing horses in Delaware is bai busi ness for the thief if caught. Oae was re cently sentenced to pay the costs of prose cution, 5100 restitution money, $200 hoe, to stand one hour in the pillory, receive twenty lashes and then suffer eighteen months imprisonment. The bens that lay best in winter, and which are less liable to colds and roup. should have heavy puff feathers under the wings. Those that appear naked when the wings are raised up invariably sailer from cold more than those that are pluuy. "Whatever method of feeding pics is adopted, it should be liberal. Let the quarters be dry and comfortable, and d'.s tarb them as little as possible. Pigs are. in part, hibernating anima's, and the mire they s'epp the better for tbem and their owner. A good hog eats and sleeps alternately. Apples keep best when stored in close bar reis, in a dry place of an even temperament They should not be stowed away until the weither is somewhat cool, and will do better in the orchard until ths season is rather ad vanced. Much depends upon the variety, however, as some apples keep better than others, and the climate also affects their keeping qualities. The supposition that bees, when kept in cities, : make honey of ths Bweets of the gut ters, g'ueose, etc., is known to be erroneous. It has been demonstrated that they work principally upon the blossoms of trees and flowers in piivate gardens and in tbe parks. Rees travel to Joug distsxce3, and visit the tielJs even when tne hivts are situated ia the centers of large cities. A writer in a scientific journal ridicules the idea that apples sweat, and that tbey muBt undergo a s weating process before they are put in barrels in order to keep well, lie states that only injury come9 from leaving apples in piles in an orchard, and that the moisture found on them comes from tne atmosphere. He recommend! placing them in barrels as soon as they ara picked. A good condition powder for poultry, which may be made cheaply, is composed of the following ingredients: Oae piund ground bones, one pound chalk, two poaads ground dried meat, one pound charcoal, one pound unseed meal, one pound fenugreek. and an ounce each of silt sulphur, erouad gin eer and copperas. Mix intimately, and feed a tabiepconf al t3 six hens once a day in uie son looa. lie editor of the Cleveland Herald says; (,If two pots of butter be taken, and the one thoroughly washed in weak brine so that it will not color the water, and work it over and expel the surplus nocture, and take another lump from the same churning and work it over without washing, bat salt it at the rate of aa ouuee to the pound, and et tbem away, the salted butter will bs the first to get rancid and worthless." Professor A. E. Bloant, of the Colorado Agricultural College, reports that he is testing 230 varieties of wheat, gathered from all parts of tbe world, besides thirty-eight cross varieties, or hybrids, some of which are tar superior to their parents. lie says that so great are the changes made by the soil, climate and his selection and crossing, that hardly one variety in ten can be recognized when shown to the parties who sent the seed. If you are going to set a new orchard remember that it is an excellent way to prepare a plan of the orchard, showing the position of each tree, its variety, etc If a tree dies it can be replaced by one of the same sort. Borne fruit-raisers keep a book in which they register the age and variety of every tree in their orchard, together with any items in regard to its grafting, productive new, treatment, etc , which are thought to be desirable. Recent experiments with feeding for milk demonstrate that ensilage gave as much butter as bay, bran and meal fed together, and therefore ranks as an economical food. It is best, however, to use it as suoplement to other foods. The churning quality of milk was found to bear no exact relation to the chemical composition, and the churn is thetefore the only reliable implement for

determinlug the butter quality ot milk in

practiced dairying. Profefsor Tracv is an advocate for the nse of ctound tobacco stems as an insecticide for etriped beetles. The stems can be purchased at very low cost at tobacco lactones ana act as a fertilizer in addition to killing the beetles. Professor Cook recommends tbe kerosene emulsion for cabbage worms. Professor Lazenby says that the pyrethrum, or Persian insect powder, Das proved tne most effective of anything yet oed at the Ohio experiment station for cabbage worms. In a number of trials last season it was noticed that the tip kernels of flint-corn yielded more abundantly than did tbe butt or central kernels of tbe ear. Butt seed yielded at the rate of sixty-two bushels, central seed at tne rate oi sixty two bushels, and tip seed at the rate of sixty-four bushels per acre, while the quality of that grown from the tip ends was in every respect equal to mat procucea irom tne butt ana central seed. NUicmng, to De Denenciai, must be a pro aw m tection. It is not. in a majority of cases, so mucn tne coia as tne cnanging from one to the other that causes the dam ace. Of course. in many of the more tender plants a cood mulch applied in the fall will often save the plant, as with grapes, raspberries, blackber ries, etc If the plants are bent to the ground and then mulched they will live through the winter and yield a profitable crop where if left unprotected they would be winter killed. Two new insects have attacked the wheat in M chican one hollows o it tbe berry aud the other works in the straw just above each joint. The caterpillar of the former Is 1'ght colored with faint stripes and brown head, and is about one-half inch long. The larva of the second is a yellowL-h white and a scent eight of an inch long. Tbe pnpis is a tnns larger. rro?e?sor Cwfc asks for specimens tbat he may study thsir life histories, so as to ascertain the most effective means of guarding against their ravages. In raising mn'es for profit, sy9 an ex change, the great aim should ba to rair3 tbat kind that will sell readily ni tot)-? best advantage. Size and good build see-' to be the principal requisites souuht for I tbe best buyers. It pays to try to meet the demand. To do this the selection of the jack is of the first importance. lie should be at least fonrteen hands tall, have a good length cf body, a deep chest, with upright ear, a good temper and sprightly appearance, and, above all, a good, sound condition. The New York Times says it is a matter of doubt if tbe muscular growth of any ani mal cen be hastened by any process of feeding. Fat can be produced, but fat is a diseased condition of the system, and aa excessively fat animal would sosn die under continued feedir.g. The meat of a young anin al ia found to be in great disproportion to the fit. It is quite common for nine montbs-old pigs, weighing 'MJ pounds, to bs turned wholly into the lard kettle, because the few pounds of flesh under the fat is not salable or useful as food. Butter is slower coming in the winter season than when tbe weather is warmer, the cream usually being at too low a temperature. Those who chtirn by guesswork will be hours doing tbat which may be done by a mncn ehorter time by the nse of a therrnorpetvr. In winter the temperature should be CI degrees, and in summer 62 degrees. In winier the cream may become cooler, and in summer warmer, hence it is better to start one or two degrees warmer in cold weather, and two degrees cooler in warm weather. In France and Italy, the milk of a cow, after calving, is not considered to be in it normal state till tea days. At this etage it is called colostrum. It contains no caeine, tarns rapidly, but does not acidify. It has been Alleged tbe longer tbe milk remains in tbe udder tbe richer it will be. Hence the morning is superior to the evening milting. Wolff's experience does not confirm this. Milk may not only be bitter as a consequence of marshy fodder, but also from the animal's bile entering into the circulation, and so passing to the milk. THE WORLD'S EXPOSITION,

The Ceremonies at the White House on the Occasion ot tbe President Opening the New Orleans Exposition by Electricity, Washikgtos, Dec. 16. There was considerable delay in the opening exercises at the New Orleans Exposition to-day. A large crowd of distinguished people had gathered at the White House, and every arrangement was made for the President to open the Exposition in appropriate style. The President took his station at the telegraph tablo and remained standing there, surrounded by his Cabinet, for over half an hour before the signal that everything was in readiness, was received by the telegraph operator. The Marine Band was present and bad exhausted their programme of National airs for the occasion. Many had left the building. A signal was received at 2:30 o'clock, and in a few moments the addrers of President Richardson, of the Exposition, was received as follows: To the President of the United States: Tbe present occasion is a consummation of an enterprise inaugurated in conformity to au act of CoDgrete, passed les than two years aeo, and authorizing the holding of a world's industrial and col ion centennial exposition ander the joint antrices of the United bt&tes, Mational i&ttou Planters Association, and tUe 1ty of its location. New Orlesns was thea seli-cted as the site of the World's Exposition, and ia June, ISvl. thirteen commissioners, composing the Board of Managern r.t, wrre appointed by the President of tne United States, and at once entered upon the dicii'.rge ot their duties. At an early date, however, it became manifest that the liberality of individuals of city and Stale would be inadequate to meet the reouirenu ntsof tteever-iucroasiug magnitude of the undertaking. Accordingly application for aid was made to the United States throuzh Congress, rtsalting in obtaining that necettsary assistance, which has so materially contributed to the acccmollshraent of the purpose contempla;ed From the commencement it was determined that nothing should give locator sectional character to the great work, but that it fhould be, as it truly is a National and International Exposition, and, consequently, to-day are assembled here representatives of all nations of tbe world, side by side, with those of our own National Government, and of every State and Territory in this Union. All have contributed examples of their resources and their program in this wonderful collection of industrial, cotnmerciel, educational, and aitistlc obj ects, now open to the inspection of the world. How much of good shall result from the means of instruction here lurnished is beyond mortal tower to measure, but certainly not the least beceSt to be derived from this exposition will be tne doner and more friendly intercourse of our own people with those of other countries, tbe development of common interests and the firmer establishment of peace in our own country. It will be the nionumeut of an era of unity of interests, of harmony and cood feeling, destined, it is believed, to endure as long as tbe continent itself shall exist on which these no perfectly united States are established. i now present to you this exposition, ready as our best efforts, with the brief period of time at our command, have been able to make it, and for the degree of success attained we appeal to a generous judgment. The address cf President Richardson was read by Commissioner General Moerehead, and in reply President Arthur made a brief aJdret a and declared the Expesition open, which was at once telegraphed to New Orleans. It is as follows: In the name of the people of the Republic, I congratulate the citizens of the Southwest oa their advancing prosperity, as nauifested by the great International Kx position about to open. Tbe Interests of the Nation in that commonwealth have found expression in many ways, and notably in sppropriations for the improvement of the Mississippi and by a national loan to promote the present exposition, (situated as it la, at the gateway of traue between the United States and Central and South America, It will attract the attention of the people ofnelshborlng notions to the American system, and they will learn tne importance of availing themselves of our products as we will of liitim. and thus not only good feeling but profitable intercourse between tbe United Siatcs and the WtaUs of Central and 8outh America will be promoted. The people of our own country will tuns alfobe brought cloter together, and will liad ia this exposition of competitive Industries a motive for strengthening the bonds of brotherhood. Kailroads, telegraph lines and sub-marine cables have drawn much nearer tbe nations of the earth, and an assembly like thi of representative of di.Ter-t-vt nations is rrometlve ol food will and peaT, while it advances the material welfare of alL Tne .-..vrrasj

ünltod states extends to those from foreign conntiies who visit us on this occasion a cordial welcome, and now, at the Executive Mansion, in Vinirjgton, in the pretence of the assembled representatives of the friendly nations of the woild. of the President of the Senate and of tbe 6peakf r of the House of Ppresentatives, and of tbe chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, of a committee from each House of Congress and of the members of my Cabinet, I nain and in their name congratulate the promoters of tne exposition upou auspicious

Inauguration ot tbe enterprise, which promts ' such far reacting results, with my best wishes or tne fulfillment of all lis sre&t purposes. 1 now declare the World's Industrial and. ölion Centennial Exposition open. CITEsteh a. Abtiilr. The President's remarks were received wUh applause. Remarks were then made on behalf of the Crongressional Committee. At the close cf his remarks the President, at 3:10, touched the button of the instrument and started the machinery in tbe Exposition Building at NewOrleacs, and all present applauded viecronsly when the announcement was made that the Presidential touch had been effective, and that the machinery was moving. Comnrssioner General Morehead received a large number of letters and telegrams from the Governors of States and Mayors of cities who were unable to be present here to day, but who sent their congratulations and regrets. Anions theru wes the following from Governor C'eland, of New York: I regret tbat I shall uA be able to witness at Washington the movement whfosh shall inau gurate at New Orleans a demonstration of the greatness of our country, anl wi-'ca 1 devoutly hope will alt-o illustrate and confirm cordially taa fraternal sentiment among all people of our land. From Governor Robinson, of MassachuEetla: Massachusetts consTatnlates the Board of Manaf enient upon the oienin of theWorli's Expedition at ew Orleans aiid anticipates the most excellent results from the an Jtrtaiin. From,Governor Stockely, of Delaware: Your telegram yesterday, inviting myself and slatl to te irtsentst the opening of tie exposition, by e:ec!ri ity, by the Presideut of the Unitei states at tbe While, tiouse to-day, was receive-1 lest uik.Lt, I rccrct to say, too late to enable us lo get there st the time appointed. It would have teiven ir.p pr. at tleasure to have been present on i. its verv -, .rn King o casion. Thonch unable to b will- ii". I pffcure jou I foel great interest la t! t'i it-king. TcaDking you for the luvitai i-. id v tshlus you great success in your openlaw ceremonies, I remain, rcipectfully yours. From Governor Hall, of New Hampshire: I deeply regret my inability to be present oa the occasion of the opening, by electricity, of the World's Exposition by the President of the United States. It will be a novel and important event in the history of our country. 1 oiler to the promoters of this great international exhibition my heartfelt congratulations. New Hampshire wb"u-g it an possicie success in the oenei mat its touuenccs and multa will serve to strengthen the ties that bind tbe States of the Union together, and in crease tne pride, honor, trosperity and bappluess of our Republic. From Governor Cameron, of Virginia: Accept my tbsnks for your kind invltatlen, and reurets that public business will prevent my presence at the Ceremonies to morrow. 1 send my Heartiest congratulations ani best wisnes or mys :f and the people of Virginia for the comp. etü a:. a u niuivtani success oi ice exposition. lV'n Governor McLsne, of Maryland: Your invitation to be present at tbe Whtie House to-morrow, to witness the opening of the exposition, is just m eived. 1 regret very rauch that an engagement siready formed at this point, which can not be defored. prevents mv acoeptaucc of ycur invitation. I am delighted that the President is to ouiciatc in this opening, and 1 sin cereiy bope complete success will attend the en terprise from its opening to-morrow to its close, whenever that may ocjur. From Governor Pattison, of Pennsylvania: I regret that official engaceme nta here will pre vent my preserce at the openiua of tne ew Or leans Exposition by the Incident to-day. 1 hear til Y appreciate the imnortamw of lh nicaslon, and desire to express my earnest hope in the name of the people of Pennsylvania that tbe grest Worla's Exposition on the Southern soil of the United states may bring the nations of the erth into a eleser brotherhood cn 1 promote the universal expansion oi American renins and in dustry, and lead on to the "fullness of time" for our commercial, agricultural, manufacturing, literary ana moral success. From Governor Abbet, of New Jersey: It would give me great pleasure to represent the State of New Jersey on this occasion, but my presence is imperatively demanded here by orhclal du'.ies. New Jersey wishes her sister S'ate of Louisiana great and deserved success. Tbe growth and development of industrial interest In evf ry part of the country deserve universal congratulations and BStlonal recognition. The glory of a State adds to the grandeur and strength of the Nation. From Mayor Martin, Boston: Your telegraphic Invitation for myself and a committee of Uo"tonians to attend the opening ot the exposition by electricity cornea too late for suitable arrangements to that end. I wish, however, that every success may attend tae opening, and so continue until tbe close of tbe exposition. From Mayor Edson, of New York: Your telegram received. I regret exceedingly that I can not be present at tbe Executive Mansion to witness the opening of the World's Fx position by electricity from that place by His Excellency, the President of the United States. 1 congratulate yon npon the favorable conditions stir rounding your great enterprise and wish it may prove successful in all respects. From Mayor Latrobe, Baltimore: I sincerely regret that official Cutica w ll prevent my being present to witness the opealiu of the New Orleans Exposition by electricity. This wonderful exhibition of the trtntnph of science and of distance is a tit Illustration of the progress of the Nineteenth Century. From Mayor Hall, Wilmington, N. C: Thants on behalf of self and citizens generally for the invitation to attend the opening ceremonies, an event so full of financial and fraternal results to the people of the whole country. May rivalry in arts of peace and (industry, which shall take place in New Orleans between all st ctions of our country, live and crow to the destruction of all unpriouc and selfish feeling, and universal prevalence of confidence and brotherly love in the North and Bouth, the East and West. Postmaster General Hetton has made allowance for increased postal facilities at New Orleans during the exposition. Farmers Cunatjr dab Davtox, O., Dec. 21. The Montgomery County Farmers' Club wound up its monthly meetings fer the year by an interesting session in this city Saturday. At the spring meeting a discussion was had npon butter and butter making, followed by addresses each month on kindred dairy topics. Ou Saturday. H. E. Parrot read an eseay on the care of horses. The reports show the a-ea sown to wheat is in excess of last year, aad is well rooted and with thrifty tops. A Farmers' Institute will be held in Dayton, January 7 and 8, and will be addressed by Professor Ort on and President Foster and W. J. Chamberlain, of the State Board of Agriculture, and local talent. The First Keen Twloge. As the season advances, the pains and aches by which rheumatism makes itself known, are experienced after every exposure. It is not claimed that Hood's Sarsaparille is a specific for rheumatism we doubt if there is, or can be, such a remedy. But the thousands benefited by Hood's Sarsaparilla irtrraat cs in urging others who sailer from rhenmatism to take it before the first keen twinge. Untold wealth in health, strength and eneigy. An Unprovoked Murder. Epecial to the Sentinel. Crawfoepsville, Ind., Dec. 21. Last night Bill Ghular shot and killed William Lane in a saloon in this place. Tbe shooting wss unprovoked. Lane resided eighf miles south of the city, and was a quiet ani peaceable man. The murderer was arrest! and now is in jail awaiting trial. As eomx worklngmen were burning brash on the battlefield of Missionary Kidge recently, a stump suddenly blazed up and waa blown into many pieces. Investigation showed that three shells had been imDeded in it. Enemies Ready to Strike. Every family is constantly in danger from impure water, unrips fruit, unwholesome food, contagious diseases, cramps, cholera morbus, coughs and colds, indigestion and simple fevers. IA such cases a bottle of Parker's Tonio keft in the house renders it nrne cfssary to rail a physician. Nothing bo good for childrsn. '

Radways

Ready Relief! The Cheapest and Best Medicine FOR FIUILT BSE IS THE WOHLD CUKES AND rilEYEXrS Coughs, Colds, Sore Throat, Hoarseness, Inflammation, Rheumatism, Neuralgia Headache, Tcothacha, Diphtheria, Influenza, Difficult Breathing It was the first and la the only PAEN KI2?IH:DY 1 hat lcstantly stops the most excruciating palnsj always ltihainmaUon and curt- Conventions, whether of the Lungs Stomach, Bowel or o u glands or organs, by one application, In From One to Twenty .Minutes! Ko matter how violent or excruciating the palm tbe Rheumatic. Eod-ri-ldtn, Infirm, Crippled! Nervous, Neuralgic, or prostrated with disease oaf sufler. RADWAY'S READY RELIE? WILL AFFORD INSTANT EASS. IrjCammatlcn of the Kidneys. Inflammation d the iadier. Inflammation of the Bowels, Congo tion of the Lungs, Palpitation of tne Heart, liy" terlcs. Croup, Lriphtheria, catarrh, ir.fi oeuMi, NervousLess, Sleeplessness, Ehcumatism, fcdaticaj Pains in the Ches-t. Back or Limbs, EruUts. Bpraina, Cold Chills and Ague Chi Ks, The application of theKK tuv KELIKFti the part or parts where tue difficulty or ptia exists will afiord case and comfort. Thirty to sixty drops in had a tumbler of watet will in a few minutes cure Cramps, rpafnns, Bour Stomach, Heartburn, t-kk Ueadaclie, Duurhea Dysentery, Colic, Wind in the bowt'a, and all In teraal pain a. Travelers should always carry a bottle ot KaV way's Ready Relief with them. A few drops la water will prevent sickness or pahis from ciiargi of water. It s better than French. Ilrandy or Ri ters as a stimulant. M A LA R i A, In Its Various Forms, FEVER and AGUE.' rrVZR and AGUE cured for K rvnts. There J not a remedial agent la the vorld th. will curs Fever and Ague and all other Malarious, B'.Por.a. 8car:et, and other Fevers aJ4d fcy BAUWAY'4 FILLS) so quickly as KAJ)WAVS READY RELIEF Xifty Cents Per Bottle, gold ry all Uro, gists. DR. RADWAY'S Sarsapariiiiarj ResoIienJ. Pure blood cakes sound flesh, strong bone ei a clear skin. If you would bave your flesh firoj your bones sound, without carles, aad your cca plexion fair, use RAILWAY'S BARS APA Rfl.1.1 Al REfeOLVENT, the Great Blood Purifier J FALSE AND TRUE. We extract from Dr. Radway's "Treatise on Dts ease and Its Cure," as follows: List of diseasta cured by DR. RADWAY'S SABSAPABILLIAU BESOLYKIT? Chronic skin diseases, caries of the bone, hucctj of the blood, scrofulous diseases, syphiliüo cor plaints, fever sores, chronic or old ulcers, sad rheum, rickets, white swelling, scald bead, cancers, glandular swellings, nodes, wasting aad decay of the body, plmp.es and blotches, tnmora, dyspepsia, kidney and bladder diseases, chroma rheumatism acd gout, consumption, gravel anl calculous deposits, and varieties of the above complaints, to which sometimes are given sp" tons names. In cases were the system ha beea salivated, and murcury has accumulated sad become deposited In lie bones, joints, etc. causlnj caries of the bones, rickets, spinal curvaurea, contortions, white swe.llngs, varicose velrs. etc., tbs) Barsaparillia will resolve away those epouta as J exterminate the virus of the loe from t&a system. A GREAT COSSlililOKlL EKEEDI Eklp diseases, tumors, ulcen and sore of a3 kinds, particularly chronic diiee of tha ssin, are cured with great certninty by a course ot 1; RADWAY'S SAK8APARILL1AN. We mean cost. sate cases that have resitted ill other treaunist. SCROFULA, Whether transmitted from parents or aexjutred. a within the curative range of the SARSATAItiXLIAX RESOLVENT. It possesses tse same wonderful power ia curing the worst formi of strumous anl eruptive dla charges, syphiloid ulcer, sores of the eyec, ears, note, mouth, throat, glands, exterminating tha virus of these chronic forms of disease from tha blood. torc, Jo'-ntt, and ia every part of the hen man body whers there exists diseased depofita, ulcerations, tcmors, hard lumi or ecrcfilous lr fiamication, this treat and powerful remedy will exterminate rapidly and permanently. One bottle cocuins raore of the active p.lncV pies of mcdlciue than any other preparation. Taken in u-asponful doses, while others require five or six times as much. UNS DO LEAK YiLU BUTTLE. Bold by druggists. DR. RADWAlrS REGULATING PILLS Hi Great Liver and Stomach Kenedy. Pe-iectly tasteless, elegantly crated ; pnnrr, regulate, purify, cleanse and strengthest Ir. Radway's rills, lor the cure of ad dlsrrders of the Stomach, Liver, Bowels, Kidnr Bladder, Nervous Disease, Loss of Appetite Headache, Constipation, Costlvecess, Inlioetio3 Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Fever, Inflammation cj the Bowels, Piles, and all derar cements of tbe In ternal viscera. Purely vegetable, containing a mercury, minerals, or deleterious drugs, Price 25 Cent Fer Box. Bold by all druggists, DYSPEPSIA! Kad way's Harsapartlltan, aided by Radway's Pills, Is a cure tor this complaint It rvstcrjri strength to the stomach, and makes It perform 1M functions. The symptoms of dyspepsia disappear, and with them tfe liability of the system to contract diseases. Tske the medicine accor:J!n(r. to the directions, and observe what we say in "Fala and True" respecting diet. "Read False and Trua." Bend a letter stamp to RAD AT A C O., Dn, M Warren street. New York. Ju'cmaucn Tta thousands will be sent to yox TO THE PUBLIC, saarse nre and sik for Kd way's, and see tta) ths xuas "Kadvay" Is oa what yea tvj.