Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 29, Number 5, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 February 1881 — Page 2

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1881.

COMPULSORY EDUCATION.

A Clear and Practical Kesume of Ycrjr Important Matters. Ik1 llefor the Indianapolis Literary CInb by Professor J. II. Roberts, Jauuary St, 1MHI. Kach biennial meeting of the Genend Assembly bring? with it a crop of amcudments to the school laws of the Stale. Iiefore the new has been fairly tried, even before ollicers have become reasonably familiar with the provisions of the code, it is thrown aside like a garment grown unfashionable, though its texture may bs still unimpaired. Us for compulsory aUendeuce are la these d.iys quite the rase, and no well-regulated Leidslature is perfectly bnppy unless it hau one or more schemes of this kind somewhere between Uic first reading and final These, proposed enactments arc, however, usually so hedged in by restrictions or blurred over by bills of exceptions that an attempt to enforce thetn would lively prove to be a very circuitous and expensive road to the accomplishment of nothing at all. In fact, they generally carry somewhere ia the body a mit ert'eciual uulliiication clause. An !a!or.ito and apparently carefully -prepared bill I row Ix'fi.re the Legislature of this .State, entitled, 'A bill to protect the rights of children, provide a uniform system of Common Schools, comj 1 the attendance of children thereat, dellnlnir certain duties," etc.. etc.. which. If impose. I npou the ix-ople of this estate, would in nil probability reduce the efficiency, popularity and attendance of the l'ublie schools of the sutc at least 1U ier cent, within two years. It would carry Lack the Common school system of the State twenty year, and reduce it most effectually to what some are pleased to style "the original idea." What have we to do with the original idea anyway? The pioneer generations of thU country were composed of men of brains and enterprise, it is mst true. They legislated and made Conttitutious for a few thousand ieople. or it may le a few hundred thousand, and these Mattered through the backwoods, with but few mid small towns, no railroads, little commerce ami little Intercourse with the world abroad. Thev laid a good foundation. We are rearing the superstructure. We have magnificent cities, extensive manufactures, a world wid commerce, and rich mines. which they either knew not of or were unable to utilize. W have a complex system of railways. Intercourse is rapid. ca.vy and constant, not only be-twee-.i r moie parts of the Sute, but with all the woriil. snail our social, business Htia political srstenis grow and keep pace with civilization ; and shall we. nevertheless, bow uowu, witn inincse conservatism and veneration, to the ideas of our falber in regard t school system and methods alone. We can better judge lor ourselves wnat we med than the astutest man 01 the last genera tion could judge for us. We may, indeel, profit by their wisdom and experience, and, at tne same time. d- a little iudepeadent, if not vigorous, thinking for ourselves. Now. gentlemen, this need not be taken as a plea for or a defense of everything connected with our modern public school system. This paper is not to be a discussion of that iues lion : tut it i not amiss AT THK OTTS KT T0 VTEB A rB0TKST against the assumption, too often made, that the Ideas i f our forefather, living at anotner era and in other conditions, arc themselves to bo a law to us in regard to eithe r s.;ci.u, political or educational mattet s. Precedent may have fixed the lateral boundaries of our acre, and planted uninovahly the corner s'.one: but, surely there Ls room skyward to build as hih as we deem it safe and wise tr rear our structure. In the discussion, therefore, of this question, I do not propose to quote authorities aud opinions. We may draw conclusions from the success or failure'of experiments already made. It fs unnecessary to descaut upon the fact that meets no denial, at least hero, that "we must educate, we must edacate, or we mujt perUh by our own prosperity." This &3irmation repeated and cmphakls&l by all the divines, philosophers, statesman, and thinkers of the pr-st would not strengthen your conviction on that point. Hero -we stand upon the plat iorin of a coumaii faith. It is oily when we coine to consider ways ami means that diU'erences ;uiso. That all who come after us should he wise and virtuous is a consummation devoutly to be wished, but in our m! earnest endeavors to reach thi- consummation there are mauy things that must give us p .u -e. There are two opposite theories of the rightful functions of lioveninient. One may be styled the pa-.crnal theory." It regards all citizens as subject, or ra'her children. Coverumeut must oversee all their interests to the minutest particulars. It must regulate all the machinery of labor and commerce: limit the rate of interest by usury law., and the cost of living by sumptuary laws: rix the price of corn, and of a day's work, and the time of goin;; to bed: prescribe the patterns and quality of all manufactured ariicles; establish Churches and liet.ite the doctrines that are taught in them: provide means of amusement; maintain strict censorship over literature and the press, and iu all possible ways see to it that thu dear tcople receive no detriment. Over ngaiust this theory, and In extreme contract with it. stands the let-alone theory. It limits the functions of government, in effect, to the suppress! -n of crime, the protection of person and property against violei.ee and fraud: and even to the attainment of th?se ends it allows the use of no means but brute foree. "It mikes the functions of government," to use the word- of Maeauiey. '"simply those of the great bailsman of the ae." Tue genesis of those two opinions Li thus stated by John Stuart Mill: "On the one hand impatient reformers, thinking it easier and shorter to get possession of the governme... than of the intellects and dispositions of the public, are under constant temptation t stretch the province of government beyond due bounds; while, on the other, mankind have lecn so mnch accustomed by by their rulers to inference for purposes other than the public good, or uudcr an erroneous conception of what that good requires, and so many rash proposals are made by sincere lovers of improvement, for attempting by compulsory regulation the attainment of objects w hich can only be effectually or ody usefully compassed by opinion and discussJon, that there has grown up a spirit of resistance in lieuine to the interference of Government inertly as such, and a disposition to restrict its sphere of action within the narrowest bounds." The full development of the first theory belongs to the past. It is the theory of all despotisms. In modern times, however, and in enlightened countries the current of opinion has set strongly toward BESTRICTI5G THK FUNCTIONS V ttOVERSM ESTS, and nowhere is this tendency so strong and so marke I as in our own country. No where else is there so little restraint upon individual freedom, so little interference with Individual responsibility; and yet, in verv many ways of which we scarcely thluk, or of which perhaps we are quite unconscious, the strong arm of the law is at work promoting our welfare as well as protecting our iersons and property. How much w ould It cost to send a letter to New York by carrier or express? How much to ."an Francisco? How long should we have waited for a Tarific Kail way, if its const ruction had depended upon unaided private enter prise'.' Our Government is. and has been since its beginning, the largest land owner on the Continent. W hat would bo the condition of society if the possession of these lands had been left to the arbitrament of bowie knives and ritles in the hands of squatters? Government makes regulations for the transfer of property, and keeps a record of the transactions in real estate. It manufactures our currency, builds lighthouses, improves rivers ami harbors, regulates domestic relationships, administers for the intestate. fo?ers manufactures and industry of every sort, cares for the unfortunate, "the smitten of God," and in its municipal capacity furnishes free instruction to every son and daughter of the land. The question now is. whether, having spread a free banquet of knowledge, we shall go out into the byways and hedges and compel men everywhere to come and le tilled. Occupying a middle ground between those who hold to a fraternal Government as it at prcseut exists in most of the Nations oi the Kastern Continent, and thoe extreme theorists of the opjoite school who hold that wo have no right to touch a man. unless compelled in self defense to clutch him by the thro.it, are we right in drawing the line of Government interference In educational matters, just where we have drawn it, I. e., beiwecn maintaining of Free Schools aud compelling attendance? I believe that we arc wise i:i drawing it just here. Possibly the ttatc has a right to say to a father, "That son of y.urs in a higher sense belongs to me. I am more concerned than you in his welfare, lti his health, in his bodily" aud intellectual vigor. I order you to feed him u Graham bread and send him to school.'" That w as the Spartan doctrine, and in old Sparta it had full course and was glorified by the breaking up of all domestic ties and the extinguishment of all the gentler sentiments. Mothers wept not over sous slala in battle only over Lhoe who came home well aud strong. That urely is a social conditi m to whose view distance alone can lend enchantment. There are occasions it is true, when tho country' call Is louder and mor- urgent than that of father or mother, or wife or child : but they are only when "the times arc out of joint." It U only a most gratre aud pressing necessity that can justify the State in coming between father and child, or In anyway tnterferiug in domestic relationships and responsibility. The family is the oldest and most sabred of all humvi orytni7.aii-.ms: the father U the

natural and Heaven-appointed guide nl protector during the periods of infancy aud tutelage. There are, uufortunately, it miuit be admitted, too many instances in which facta do not appear to support this theory. There are cases of parental brutality and neglect which demand the correction of the law. There are cases, too. In which the father loses coutrol of hut child, who becomes a terror and a menace to the comrauuily. From such dangers society has a right to protect itself, but when there Is uo such aq4orablc rcoult apparent or threatened, would it not be an impertinency for an olliter of the law to enter a man's castle änd demand to know, in tbe name of the Continental Congress, whether his seven year-old i:i taut had yet learned hi a b abs? F.ut laying aside, for the lime, all sentimental scruples, it may e well to consider the question whether a compulsory school law caa be efficiently executed. 'I be ready answer Ls: "It Is; it has been executed." But where? Why, in Prussia and som other countries of F.tirope. where the the machinery of Government is so vast, and its power so centralized, where the tndividua'lty of tne Fubject is Iw-t ('ht of in the mighty and overshadowing presence of the royal prerogative. Hire, there are no citiens, only subjects. In peace or iri war every young man must serve at least his three years in the Army. Officials and p:iid spies of the Government are everywhere. Not so w ith us; nor would our people brook stich surveillance except in time of war, or some threatening dire calamity. Several .States already nave lOMPULfOEV SCHOOL LAWS. but in none is non-attendance made prima facie evidence of violation ol the law. They require that every child between certain ases shall be sent to school for a certain number of consecutive weeks every year, unices otherwise furnished with the means of educatiou. or unless lie has already acquired the branchc taught in the Public fscliools. How then is the projer officer to know whether an absentee has other means of instruction or has acquired the education demanded bylaw? The law prescri.-s no mode except by inquiry, and it would take a, very shrewd statesman, indeed, to devise auy oth-v mode. If the inquiry be made of the parent, hov easy and what a temptation it w ould be t fa biti. 7 for the sake of avoiding the penalty. If not of the pareut, then obviously it must be of the child ; and to avoid the same danger ol deception here, the inquiry must be in the form of an examination. And, indeed, such is the plan actually proioscd by that emtneut philosopher and statesman, John Stuart Mill, who, I am sorry to say, Lj not on my side of the question. "I regard it almost as an axiom," said lie, "that the State should require and compel, the education, up to a certain standard, of every human being w ho is Itorn a citizen." Ho goes on further to .-ay. "The instrument for enforcing the law (1. e. of compulsory education could be no other than public examinations, extending to all children, aud U-ginning at an early age. An age might be fixed at which every child must le examined to ascertain if he or sue is able to read. If the child proves unable, unless he has some sufficient ground of excuse, the father might be subjected to o moderate tine, to be worked out, if necessary, by his labor, and the child might be put to school at Iiis expense. Once every year the examination should be renewed, with a gradually extending range of subjects, so as to make the universal acquisition, and. what is more, retention of a certain minimum of general knowledge virtually compulsory." If there is auy practicable method of giving effect to compulsory educntiou except that of requiring every healthy clflld actually to atteud school, without leaving to the parents the option of home instruction, or the plan quoted from Sir. Mill, I do not believe it baa been reduced to writing. No one protOMs to take from parents the privilege of home instruction. There Ls then no other alternative. We must bare an annual public examination extending to all children, and embracing a gradually extending range of subjects from year to year, an examination in w hich the victim sub judice (if the lawyers will allow one a slight misapplication of that phrase) Is not so much the child as the hapless father Subjected to this test there Is many a boy who attends school year in and year out that would bring his poor father ta crief. Our school chlldreu surely could not in fairness le excused from the application of this text. What an army of deputies our honored Superintendent of Public Instruction would have to employ i.i this new service. What thrilling and excitingexperieuces, too, would they be likely to meet with in the performance of their arduous duties; chasing untamed little wretches into gutters, tip hay-lofts. thron;.;h corn f!;!ds and ia the brush! Imagine these urchins, after they have been caught, standing with fluttering heart aud trembling knees before the awful magnate of the law and repeating, or tryln i to repeat, he t Voles of vocals, sub-vocals and atonies; detinii g, accent, emphasis and inflection; telling the polar diameter of the earth and the width of thu torrid one writing the table of apothecaries' weight, and triangulating the distance from the upper corner of a room to the lower opposite corner. Iu vain the father pleads in behalf of his panic-stricken child's hereditary stupidity or natural diffidence The officer consults his fxiok of instructions, and finds that the Mate requires a healthy boy of thirteen to be familiar with the properties of right-angled triangles aud hypotenuses. If the minimum of knowledge is not forthcoming, the father may take his choice, whether to compound his felony in the National currency or work it out on the streets. "Hut," says the objector, "no such means or results are contemplated by the advocates of compulsory education. We expect the officers having this matter in charge to use a large discretion.' Very true; but suppose iu officer should now and then be found upon whom nature had not been very bountiful in the article of discretion? It is, moreover, an essential property of civil law to be exact end inexorable. The moment an executive officer turns aside from the letter to exercise his own discretion, that moment the law becomes a nullity, or the officer a dictator. If the law requires a child ten years of age to know ail the multiplication table, and lays a lino of not less than if! nor more than .M upon the father who has failed to have bis child edu

cated up to that int, what discretion Ls the of ficer at litajrty to exercise except to determine tne penalty between the etircuie limits, according to tne degree and culpability ol tue failure? THE LAW MUST PLKIISE the minimum of knowledge required at each successive examination. It must be minute, going into every detail. It must specify the manner of conducting the examination. It must state in full what excuses may le accepted for deficiency, and what is to bo the evidence that these excuses are not fictitious. Unless the law is thus clear in its instructions, the one who is charged with its execution is liable to meet with troublesome olistacles at every step, aud is himself liable to prosecution if he in the least oversteps his limitations. That it is no fanc7 sketch which has thus leen drawn of the co-vluious tl at are likely to lead to a mot lame and impotent conclusion in the matter of compulsory education, may be made to appear by a study of the oeratioii of such laws in other States of the Union. We can devise no practical conclusion from the experience of Prussia or even of Switzerland, where tbe conditions and sentiments of the people are so different frcja those existing here. Massachusetts has had a compulsory law siuce 182. Its provisions, so far as the compulsory part is concerned, arc almost precisely those of the bill now before the Indiana legislature. The provisions for its execution are quite ample I. c., ap-' parentlyso. It is made the duty of the Town or City Treasurer to prosecute for violation of the law upon information furnished by School Committees or truant officers, and a neglect to do so renders him liable to a tine of -t. The Secretary of the State lioard of Kducatioii issued instructions to the responsible officers in the following emphatic voids: "It is not sufficient for Committees and truant officers to wait for information to be given to them of neglect of duty by pitrvnts and guardians, but they should discover and inquire iut nil such cases aud pursue the delinquents according to the requirements of law. "In no other way," says he, ' can we save portions of society from the larbarism which one's ancestors would not suffer." Nine years after the passage of this law, aud after these instructions were issued. Superintendent Philbrick, of the Hoston Schools, says in his Mil mini report : "It appears that no complaints have been made by the School Committees or truant officers for violations of this statute." He urges the mildness and justness of the law, and says that it seems highly desirable that some attempt should be made to put it in force. Four years later, or thirteen years after the law had been placed ou the Statute book, he says again: "No Prosecutions under these provisions have as yet beca made in this city (i. fc., lloston. It is expected, however," says lie, "that the truant officers will In future endeavor to ascertain whether these provisions of law are violated, and to take the proper steps to secure, the prosecution of all pemous liable to penalty in consequeuce of such violations." It is, however, true tnat about two years before this time a complaint was made under the law against an absentee. "A boy was brought before a Justice of the Polier itourt, charged with wandering about in the streets aud public places of the city, having no lawful occupation or busines, not attending school and growing up in ignorance, between the ages of seven and sixteen years." The charge having been sustalued by sufficient evidence, the delinquent Wiis sentenced to what? to attend school for twelve consecutive weeks? Not at all. He was sent to the House of Information for two years. This first victory under the law is said to have afforded great satit faction and encouragement to the advocates oi compulsory education in .Massachusetts, it was not. However, as must be seen, a triumph of compulsory attendance. It was simply the arrest and punishment of a vagrant. The expectation of Superintendent Philbrick that the law in the future would be enforced, so far as 1 am able to learn, still remains a hope deferred. There is A TROANT LAW in force in Massachusetts and in some other States which has been, and is very serviceable in securing regular attendance of pupils enrolled iu the schools. It is a help to both parents and teachers, and is a terror to vagrant and lawless children who, without it. would be unrestrained and free from all control ty parental or other authority. Buch a law is needed in every city, if not in th . country, and it is the only approach to

compulsory education which has been successful in this country. Bnt Massachusetts is not the only State In which these experiments have been tried. Vermont passed . a compulsory law some where about lx.l). Michigan followed suit in fl85 and NewYork in 1H74. Connecticut also has a compulsory law, but 1 have not been able to learu when it was passed, though it is certainly eight or ten years siDce. Now, it is true that ouly in ("onneticut and New York City Ls it claimed, or are any statistics given. tending to show that the operation of the law has been stich as to have any appreciable effect upon school attendance. Connecticut Ls a small State and it haa a very active Secretary of its State hoard, who is an enthusiastic advocate of compulsory measures. Up to 18?., however, only four prosecutions had been made under the law, three of parents and one of a manufacturer for illegal employment of children of school age. Secretary Northrop frankly 6ays: "Instead ofbrandishing the penalties of tbe law, we have kept them in the back ground and urged mainly the great advantages of education." lie -naively adds that these persuasions, are. however. often enforced by the delicate hint that "we desire to avoid the painful duty," etc. etc.. w hich delicate hint he thinks sometimes works very potently. With this law. and all other means which have Iveen employed in Connecticut since the passage of the law. comparing the statistics of IK74 with those of ls.?;, we find that an increase of 4.R75 in the number of school age in the State (i 1;), there has been an increase of only MO on the Public (school roll. Total increase in schools of all kinds, private and public, 3J.U17. It would be instructive to make a comparison between Connecticut and our ow n state. This can not le done accurately bemuse the legal school ages differ, and we have no common measure for the two States. You may draw some inference, however, from the following facts: In lsTS Connecticut had enrolled In her Public Schools 6.5 per cent, of the children between four and sixteen years of age. In ls7.":, three years earlier. Indiana had on her rolls ks.h per cent, of the children between six and fifteen. Connecticut' attendance is manifestly higher than Indiana's, or would appear to be so, if measured by the tame standard. Hut considering the comparative age of the States and other differences which would have an important bearing upon matters of this kind, the showing Is not one which need greatly alarm or mortify a citizen of the Iloosier State. Under the NewYork law, as far as 1 can learn, no effort for its enforcement has been made outside of the city of New York. After the law had beon in ojration one year. Dexter A. Haw kins, "Chairman of Fxiucational Committee of New York Council of Political Ueform," gives to the public a summary of results. He estimates that in one year, by the operation of the law, nearly 8,000 children were induced to abandon a course of idleness and vagrancy. T'.nl a careful analysis of facts brings to light the fact that it is not to the compulsory clause to which credit for this result is to be given. It is rather to the truant act. It is stated that, "to the happy surprise of the Truant Agents, they soon found that parent, instead of opposing their efforts, were ready to aid them in every way in their jower: and in many instances the parents themselves would send to the truant officer t come aud help them put their children iu school. Kvery parent," the report goes on to say, "however poor, Is desirous to have Iiis children get on better In the world than he has himself." A year later a statement "covering the years lTfi and 1877 contains the following paragraph: "Inquiries made of city Superintendent as to the carrying out of the provisions of the acts to secure to children the benefits of an elementary education, show that no effective steps have been taken to enforce them except in the city f New York. There, a Superintendent of Truancy and twelve agents were employed to enforce the law, and lL'.r.w cases were investigated. In nearly half of the.se cases the children were found to have been kept at home by parents by reason of poverty, sickness or physical disqualification, while in 1,1 ' cases tho homes of absent children could not be found. Nearly one-third wrre placed in school, and seventy nine were committed to institutions where they would be duly cared for." It does not appear, however, that this result, which Ls certainly a beneficent one, was brought about so much by pressure brought to bear upon parents, as by the activity of the truant agents in looking up truants aud vagrants. No prosecutions of parents are rejortcd. Our information IN REGAK TO VERMONT is less explicit, but there are figures from which we may draw a conclusion. In the year 177-8 Vermont enrolled in her Public Schools 77 per cent of the children of school age. During the same period Indiana enrolled 73 per cent Kut the apparent superiority of Vermont is probablyonly apparent for the reason that the school age In Vermont Is from five to twenty, while in Indiana it is from six to tweuty-one. Kvery one conversant with school matters knows that where attendance is permitted between the agen of five and six there will be a very much larger attendance at this age than bei ween the ages of twenty and twenty-one. I think the figures indicate quite as high a percentage in this State as in Vermout. New Hampshire shows a better percentage of attendance; bull observe Uiat the late reports of that state moke reference to the truant law and the law forbidding the employment of children who have not attended school three months in any given year, ami not at all to the compulsory law which was enacted in ls?l. The conditions in Michigan afford a le tter analogy for our instruction than any in the Kastern States. The compulsory law there has been on the statute books now seven years. During that lime no prosecutions have been made, and, as I am informed by persons who arc in circumstances to judge, there has been no appreciable effect upon school attendance resulting from the law. There certainly has been no improvement that can be traced to this cause. On the contrary, comaring the statistics of 1STS and 1ST"., we find that w ith an increase of 10 187 in the school population reported at the latter date, there was nn absolute decrease of 17,.""t in the school enrollment. At its best, Michigan never quite reached Indiana's figure, and now it is 3 or C per cent below; it being impossible to make an exact comparison on account of the difference in the school age in the tw o States. Now, this decrease need not be attributed to the compulsory law; that is not claimed; but It occurred in spite of that. The reason probably Is to be sought in the unwisdom of the Legislature that abolished County supervision in that State and thus lowered the standard of qualification required of teachers, and thus rendered many of the scnools inefficient and unpopular. At least, thisis the reason assigned by the State Superlntcudcat and by many of the Tow nship Superintendents who were substituted for Superintendents of Counties. I have now given you the argument a priori in this case, and also, in part, the argument from facts and experiment. It seems to me that there is enough in these to excite at least a reasonable doubt as to the probability of effecting a total suppression of illiteracy by compulsory legislation. The truth is, the habits aud temper of our people are not such as to invite any great amount of inquisitive ness into family affairs on the part of the powers that be. It was this fel ling, probably more than anything else, that secured tne repeal of the income tax, the most equitable form of taxation ever devised, if it could be honestly collected. The delicacy of making the Inquiries u-.cessary to the enforcement of the law under consideration, is such as to inspire school officers universally with an invincible repugnance to pursuing the Lecessary investigations. It is trne. they are liable to a penalty for neglect to perform their duty, but tnere is no case on recori of any prosecution of an officer for neglect of this kind, nor is there likely to be any. Hut let us Indulge the supposition that all the difficulties of execution are surmounted, and that we have an educational executive man on board, as the case may be, without fear or favor, with as many eves as Argus and as many hands as Hriareus in o'ther words, that we have an Administration AS l'RRI'KCT AS THAT Or PRUSSIA. Should we, then, have reason to expect an ideal state of society? In 1st.", twenty-six years after the present system of public education went into effec in Prussia, 2 per cent, of the young men between the ages of twonty and twenty-two were destitute of an elementary education. In 1S13, the average number attending the elementary schools ot Prussia was W3,'.i7s, or a little more than 22 itr cent, less than the whole number of caildren in the Umpire between the ages of seven and fourteen, which is the age during which compulsory attendance is supposed to be enforced. In lsöö, the whole enrollment of the Primary schools was lM.TTt less than the number between seven and fourteen. This is about 7 per cent of the entire number. In 1H7., only about 11 per cent, of the children of Indiana between six and fifteen were not 'enrolled in the Public Schools. If we could get the exact number between seven and fourteen for the purpose of an accurate comparison with Germany, it is not prolmble that we should find ourselves much behind. There is, however, another possible basis for comparison. In Prussia, in ail classes of schools, from elementary to Universities included, the number attending is onlv one for every six inhabitants. Last vear. in Indiana, there were enrolled In the Common Schools oult.w.rj pupils, which, calling our population 'J.0O0.0LO. is a little more than one for everv four. That our condition is not very alarming appears, too, from the fact that the school census of 187'. reports only 1.781 persons between the aires of ten and twenty-one wno can not read or write. Are we not getting ou rather prospeiously without compulsory laws, considering that we are not yet removed a generation from the days of pioneering? Let us look at Holland for a moment- why this little Kingdom, scarcely redeemed from the sea: with its precious historical memories; w ith its over-crowded population of 'inhabitants to the square mile in spite of a jvcrpctual struggle for existence against the most treacherous of elements; in spite of its insignificance comjared with the great powers which lie around it has one of the most perfect systems of State education to be found in all Kuroj-e. "In Haarlem, w ith a population of 21.000. in lsW there could not be f on nd a child of ten years of age cud ol sound intellect who couM not both read und write.' A similar state of things is said to have existed throujjhtmt the Kingdom. Tho only compulsion

employed there is the withholding "out-door relief from any family whose children arc allowed to run wild In the streets or to grow up as vagrants, or arc em ploy ed in any factory, without previous elementary tralning.,r It must be confessed, too. I think, that Holland has filled a more illustrious page In the history oi civilization than Prussia, especially hen we consider the nature and extent of her territory, and that her victories have been those of peace rather than of war. I can not refrain here from on. ting an observation of Horace Maun upon I'russia, though it does not seem to me to be quite just. It ls the observation, however, of a discriminating and fair-minded man. who was not wont to utter censorious words without good cause: "It is sometimes asked," says be, "why the Prussians, with such vast and powerful machinery for popular instruction, do not, as a Nation, advance more rapidly in the path of civilization, why the people are so little enterprising, and. finally, why certain National vices have not yet lieen eradicated?'' His theory to account for this strange anomaly is that the people are too much begovemed. To use his own words: "In Prussia the Government takes about the same care of the citizen that the citizen does of his cattle." If such has been the Lssue of too much paternal government In Prussia, perhaps we had better hasten rather slowly in following her footsteps. Prussia has always been a favorite theme for those who were endeavoring to support the affirmative of this proposition. Kxelaimed an enthusiastic orator once: "Behold the wonderful fruit of Prussia's educational system! Were not JO.üuO Prussians more than a match for 40.000 Austrians?" It was true that Prussia' was far iu ndvance of Austria in education, but It was not for the luck of laws that Austria fell behind in the race. Austria had school laws that were virtually compulsory: for, long previous to IKVi. when a mandatory degree was promulgated.- a certificate of school attendance and educational proficieucy was requisite "to be employed as a workman, to secure a trade, to engage in the service of the State in any capacity, or to get married." There have been Tislonari?s wild enough to claim the universal intelligence and virtue that would necessarily follow compulsory school attendance, would render sujerrluous Jails, Penitentiaries and Courts of Justice. Would that this were so. The Legislature would do well in that ease, to till the statute books with compulsory laws and then adjourn sine die. But, alas! we have not yet learned that education is incompatible with vice. In Isös Prussfc spent twelve times as much in her prisons alone as she did ou her Klemeutary Schools. The administration of justice forthat year cost tl0,400,uot), and on education and religion there was expended less than M.iXio,000. Of 1.1W convicts in the Illinois State Prison in the year 16,. S64 could both read and w rite. Many had a good education. 1 think there can be no doubt that GENERAL INTELLIGENCE PECRKASES CRIME and promotes morality: but this is a proposition that is by no means so fully proven as to meet no question. Hertiert (rpciiccr, in social statics, startles us with the assertion that "far from proving that morality is increased by education, the facts prove, if anything, the reverse." Now, a dogmatic assertion from anyone, eveu a Herbert Sjen-er, need not have very much weight, but the worst of It Ls, he seems to prove it, at least of some Districts of I.ugland. It would hardly seem necessary, however, in the light of his statements to proceed at once to the dismemberment of our educational system because facts can be brought forward on the other side. But it must be admitted that the exact ratio lietween morality and intelligence has not ct been determined. All talk alut closing our Courts and Penal Institutions by compulsory education is the shallowest kind of clap-trap. Whatever may Ik- the elevating and refining influenct of education, to do its perfect work, it must be largely spontaneous. The attempt to force Incorrigible truants and vagrants into our Public Schools is a measure of doubtful utility. It is not likely to enrich them, and may make the schools poor Indeed, by the introduction ef evil communications, which corrupt good manners. For such, there should be an institution provided which is both penal and reformatory. In our Common Schools where your children and mine are to spend so many hours and days of bright childhood, let there tie as much light and freedom as possible. If there arc to be bolts and bars to which some are to be driven as dumb cattle, let them not be put up ta tne windows through which our little ones receive their air and sunshine. Nor is much that is useful to be expected from the schooling of a child whoso father will only send htm to school because forced to do so. An obstinate and. recalcitrant parent will easily find means to render the schooling of his child nugatory. But there are few or none such, except, perhaps, among the criminal classes, and there ought to be power and means somewhere to take from all such the entire custody of their children aud to properly care for them. Our schools are doing well. If there are some children growing up In ignorance, the fault will ge-ierally be fouud not to lie in the parents' opposition or even indifference to their education, but to reasons w hich can be removed, and better removed, by other means than a law requiring them to be sent to school. It would not te courteous, perhaps, to dismiss this subject without reference to some of the arjrumcnts urged by the n flirr .ative side of the question Many of these arguments, it is thought, have been met in spirit, if not in form, tu the body of the discussion. One or two more deserve spt-eml mention. It is affirmed by some that a compulsory law is a necessary and logical sequence to any system of free schools: in other words, that it is not honest or to be tolerated that citizens shall ke compelled to support such a svstem, and then that it shall be permitted to fall f hurt of a complete fulfillment of its purpose, frorn lack of needed supplementary legislation. These are the logicians of the one-hoss shay school, who never will admit that there is a difference between a mathematical aud a social problem. They declare that we must either perfect our system, or abandon it altogether. The tax-payer pays his money in order that intelligence may be universal, and if the state, taking his money, can not secure universal education, it must not tax him for this purpose at all. That. I believe, is not an unfair statement of this position. Logic is logic, you know. We might carry this mode of reasoning iuto other subjects, perhaps. Government should supplement a cheap mail service by a requirement that every ablc-lsDdied citizen shall write so many letters every month and subscribe for a newspaier. The light house appropriation needs a supplementary provision that ever citizen shall own a sailing vessel, or at least take an occasional voyage ou the high seas. I am not sure that Congress has any right to maintain life-saving stations on the coast without requiring at least one representative from each Congressional District to suffer an annual shipwreck. Government has no logical right to establish Courts uuless It can secure by them complete justice and correct all wrongs. But, of course, this is all absurd. All human endeavor individual, social, politicalis subject to limitations, and sometimes these limitations are discouragingly narrow. All that any citizen of the Commonwealth can demand is thas the means which he contributes to the defense and welfare of the community shall be wisely expended; but above all. he may demand that, when It is accomplishing a grand, though possibly an Imperfect work, none of it shall be frittered away m the foolish repctltiouof experiments that have been tried elsewhere and fcuud to be abortive. THERE LS ANOTHER CLAIM, however, for this law, or rather a plea for it. by some philanthropists in the States where it stands upon the statute books as a dead letter. They say that the law carries w ith It a gieat moral lon-e; that it acts bv a soit of impalpable aud subtle virttio, bringing to the temples of learning the children of sin and sorrow by its winsome persuasiveness, or words to that effect. Now, I take it that the sort of people who will not give their children the advantages of at least three months a year in a Free School near at hand without a ... . . n . . 1 . w . I.tw un,iM .1 .i na m pulii Inliuti.

enough of its aroma from the circumambient air to turn their heads or change their hearts. The men for w horn this law is to be enacted are men who will obev it only when it assumes some tangible form and bears down upon them w ith an imperative aspect. Besides, if it is the moral effect that is sought, why uot let it take the form of a resolution or a proclamation, rather than of a statutory decree? No, gentlemen; the times are not ripe for laws of this kind, aud when they are ripe we shall not need them. It us foster our free school system. Let us build it up, and not pull it down. Let us make it as ierfect aud attractive as possible, withiu due bouuds of moderation and good sense. We are bound by every sentiment of patriotism and local pride to adapt our schools to largest needs of the com muni tv. We undertake to furnish free schooling up to approaching maturity to all who will receive it. We can not safely nor honorably curtail the system so that our youth, until they reach the age of eighteen or nineteen, shall not find competent instruction in such branches of learning as are suitable for them and they may desire to pursue. Tbe great majority are done with school life much earlier than this: but it is no less a wise statesmanship to keep facilities open for the few who hear a voice calling them to come up higher, than it would be if most or even all w ere crowding the doors of the upper court. But throughout all grades, except in our Penal and Iteiormatory Institutions, the spontaneous spirit should be allowed to prevail to the largest possible extent. Arrest truants and vagrants and send them to their own place until their waywardness has beeu eliminated or suppressed. If a parent neglects his children, or loses control of them, or is found to be training them in vicious ways, relieve him of their custody, and put them into institutions adapted to their natures and their needs; but do not add a new crime to the code. Above all, do not establish among free people an Inquisition, with authority to enter a quiet and orderly home, and to establish an impertinent espionage upon a parent's theory of education and methods of training up the children, whom God has committed to his care. ratio or ENROLLMENT TO TION. school roruLA1878. KTK School Age. 5-21 Per Cvtit 63.j . ;. New Yori...

...5-20 6-21 6-tU 73 70 Illinois Micmgan T." TO Prussia No one permitted to teach without license: home instruction not allowed; prosecutions frequent; hardship to poor parents; no exemption, except on physician s certificate. i a i WASHINGTON AMBLERS. Members f Congress Who I'lay Tut and Calls"-Bltteu by Gould. Washington Inciter. ltusiness panics cause reforms. Toverty is the surest guarantee of economy. The mania for gambling which prevailed among many public men during tbe period of inflation was simply a reflex of the general speculative tendency of the outside public. The people gambled in business; their representatives gambled with cards. When the crash came the card-sharpers were held responsible for the evils w hich the people had themselves chiefly caused. A year ago gambling in Washington revived. Northern and Kastern men were this time the heuvv players. The New York Stock FIxchange was the table and "puts" and "calls," '"blinds" and "straddles" were cards. Two rooms atone of the principal up-town hotels were devoted to poker-playing, but operations in stocks had superseded the oldtime amusement. The men who Rambled had never enjoyed the felicity of an all-day game on the top of a stump in a mining camp, with piles of gold dust forchijis. They preferred to buy and sell shares in mines, the location and actual existence of which they had no knowledge, rather than to rsik their fortunes with dice or cards. A very wealthy firm of New York brokers, Prince, Whitely A; Co., 'saw at an early stage the possibilities of Washington as a speculative field, and they promptly established an ocllicc here. A special wire to New York was obtained and the headquarters were made at Willard's Hotel, the center of social, oliticaI, and commercial life at the Cepital. In the morning, before Congress met, a crowd of .Senators and Representatives might he seen in the broker's office eagerly watching the blackboard, upon which was recorded the quotations of the exchange as rapid lv as they could be trans uii tied by telegraph. This arrangement was not entirely satisfactory to many members who transacted business with the firm. They wanted to know the situation of the market from noon to 3 o'clock, at which time they were at the Capitol. Permission was obtained to put a wir into the Caiitol from the broker's oflice. A table with a telegraph instrument was placed in one of the window alcoves on the House side of the building, and an oa?rator was stationed there to receive quotations direct from the hotel. At times half a doen Representatives might bo seen leaning over the railinjr which surrounded the operator, watching the quotations as he wrote them down ujon the list. It was evident from the start that this arrangement would be short-lived. The boldness of Congrcs3ional operators became a question of common wonder. Hills were introduced whose object was undoubtedly to influence certain stocks. It was amusing to see how often the Congressional operators were bitten by their sharper antagonists in Wall street. One instance will suliice as an example. A bill was introduced in the Senate to open up the Indian Territory for settlement. The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Ilailroad, owned bv Jay (iould, jasscs through the Territory, in the hundreds of miles through the Territory along the line of this railroad, there is hardly a settlement worthy of tlic establishment of a station. There Is no local traflic beyond the transportation of Indian and military supplies. It was kitiwn that the passage of the bill would send thousands of immicrants into theTerritorv. and almost in the twinkling of an eye builtl up a most val- j uable local trade Tor the railroad, hvery intelligent Senator and Member of Congress knew that there was not the slightest chance for the passage of the bill. If it had managed to get through Congress, the President was committed to veto it. It is possible, however, to manage a Committee where the action of either of the two I louses can not be controlled. M iould visited Washington. He encourage i his strikers in Congress to push the bill ahead, saying that a favorable report from the Committee on Territories would undoubtedly advance the price of the stock. The word was passed along tho line to buy M. K. and T. Kvervbody who had the cue loaded up, and theSub-Committee of the Senate Committee on Territories it was announced, agreed to report favorably ujkhi the bill. Newspaper correspondents were informed of the actionof the Sub-Cummittee,one evening, and dispatches were sent broadcast over the country announcingthc fact. At IU o'clock the next morning the members who had profited by the "point" were awaiting the opening quotations. They had figured up anticipated profits and simply wanted to see how the thing would move. M., K. and T. opened steady. It moved up ? s' of 1 per cent,. The speculators were contented, although they I'ad expected a bigger rise. At 11 o'clock it showed signs of weakness, and before the Exchange closed it had fallen .1 per cent. Information was that Gould's brokers w ere selling the stock. Curses both loud and deep were showered upon the eminent financier, and those lambs who had bought uton a margin settled as best they conld and pocketed the loss. Nothing more was heard of the opening of the Indian Territory at that session. Hereditary Descent of Beauty. Mr. Darwin believes, says Cornhill, that the general beauty of the English upper class, and especially of the titled aristocracy, is probably due to their constant selection of the most beautiful women of all classes (peeresses, actresses, or wealthy bourgeoise) as wives through an immense number of generations. The regular features and the completions of the mothers are naturally handed down by heredity to their descendants. Similarly, it would seem, that we must account for the high average of personal beauty among the ancient (ireeks and the modern Italians by the high average of general taste, the strong love for the beautiful diffused among all classes in both these races. The prettier women and the handsomer men would stand a better chance of marrying, other thimrs equal, and of handing down their own refined type of face and ligure to their children. If " this be so and evolutionists at least can hardly doubt itthen we should expect everywhere to lind the general level of tersnal"bcautv highest where there was the Widest UlllUSlon Ul n-smein; iaii-. Now, our own squalid poor are noticeable, as a rule, for their absolute and repulsive ugliness, even when compared with those of other European countries. Gaunt, hardfaced women, low-browed, bulldog-looking men, sickly, shapeless children, people the back slums of our nianufactu ring towns. Their painful ugliness can not all be due to their physical circumstances aione, iur mc lazzaronl who hang about the streets of Nar.les must lead liies of about equal hard ship and discomfort, yet many of them. both men anil women, are ocatiuful enough to sit as models for a. Leonardo. On the other hand, every traveler sj)eaks of the beauty and gracefulness displayed bv young and old among the sthetiu Pölyneisians; while in many like cases L note "that Europeans who have once become accustomed to the local type, find decidedly pretty faces extremely opinion in several savage races whose primitive works of art show I hem in other ways to possess considerable .'esthetic taste, in . . ... r t : 1 India, where artistic ieenng is uuhci.mi, almost evorv man or woman is handsome. On the whole, it seems fairly proved that the average personal beauty everywhere corresinrnds to the average gcm-ral love for beauty in the abstract. A. T. Stewart. I w as talking yesterday, says a correspondent Of the Atlanta Constitution, with a gentleman who had been an intimate friend of A. T. Stewart, the greatest merchant, perhaps, that this country ever knew', and he ihn. new lkrht r.n hishistorv. Contrary to general beiicl, Stewart started witU a

Vermont........ Indiana

comfortable fortune. And A, nni

m ---f - s ss ntn r his way from the ground up. He came to w..j wuiuijr as a young man, sent on a pleasure trip by his father. He was a close observer and leisurely traveler, and went home thorouphly posted as to this country. Having to return to America very soon, lie recalled the fact that there was a fine margin of profit between the price of laces in the old country and this. He therefore invested $2r,U0t, his patrimony, in laces and bfoutrht them over on hiseoonn fn'n tl; speculation turned out so well that he had another lot sent over, and opened a shop from which he might dispose of them. This was the beginning of his mercantile business. Stewart was; a man of confirmed suTerstitions. He would never cat at a table at which thirteen people was seated, and on one occasion when a guest who had declined coming to his usual Sunday dining and afterward came when his place had been filled, he declined to receive him as he made the number thirteen. He finally determined to overcome this superstition, and dined at a table at which thirteen were seati-d. He died a few weeks afterward, but I very much doubt if that was what killed him. He never wanted to hare his photograph taken, saving: "People who buy goods from me think I am a noble-looking man w ith Mowing whiskers tnd a gray beard They'd lose faith in my prestige if they became familiar with my insignificant face," He was a shop-keeper all his life, and the shop-keeping instinct never left him. He once dropped into Tiffany's and saw a friend examining some pearls thpt he was thinking of buying for his wife. Stewart caught hldof bim and hurried him out before he had time to close the trade. Once down stairs, he pot hinunto his coupe, and insisted on his going to his store with hiin. He hurried him up stairs to the lace department, took out an cstecial pattern, and said: "Now, that's what you want to buy for your wife!" and he sold it to him. At tins very time, Stewart was worth millions, and would have given the friend be had cajoled into buving, twenty times the times the price of the lace, but the selling instinct in him was stronger than anything else. I learned from my informant that Stewart's body had never been recovered. Judpe Hilton could have had it at almost any time, provided he would have paid the required ransom. He refused to do this, however, on the ground that if he did so the business of grave robbing, having firovcd profitable, would have become popuar among thieves. A Mistaken Movement A l'rapoted Memor ial of Dishonor. N'ew York gun. Boston, Decembers?, lsso. Dkar Sir Ouly three persons have ever been chosen President of the I nited States who have received a degree in course at Harvard l'niverity. These are John Adams. John yuincy Adams and President Hayes, who Uiok onr degree of LL.B. in reiTulareourso. In Memorial Hall at Cambridge are fine portraits of the Adamses one by Copley and one, iu part, by Stuart. We have thi light it would be a froodthlnto obtain a eood portrait of President Hayes for the same Hall while he is yet President. Willi this view we propose a subscription among the Alumni, not to exceed in anv case SIO, I so that the Invitation to him to sit for his picture ; may come from a large number of his fellow grad-1 uates. Will you join in that subscription? Please address cither of the undersiimed. Truly yours, V. Amory, Amos A, Lawrence, Kowakp E. Hale, John Lowell, Joseph II. Choate. N'lw Yokk, January 21,11. ( i kxti.km rx I have received your communication of the ilth ult., inviting me to join in a subscription to procure a iortrait ot Kutherford It. Hayes to place in the Memorial Hall of Harvard University, at Cambridge, along with the portraits of John Adams and John Quincy Adams, Presidents ot the United States and graduates of the University. I decline to join in such a subscriprion. I am not willing to do anything that may be designed or construed as a compliment to Mr.I laves, or that may recognize his tenure of the "Executive Otlice at Washington as anything other than an event of dishonor. He was not chosen President. He was defeated in the election; and then a band of conspirators, Mr. Hayes himself conspiring and conniving with thciu, setting aside the Constitution and the law, and makinguse of forgery, perjury and false counting, securinar for him possession of the Presidency to which another man had been elected; and when he had pot possession of it his most sedulous care waso repay with offices and emoluments those authors, managers and agents of the conspiracy to whom he had been chiefly indebted for its infameus success. Sooner than honorably commemorate such an event or do public homage to such a man, I beg you, gentlemen, with your own hands first to destroy the portraits of John Adams and John (juincy Adams in Memorial Hall, and then to raze to the ground the Hall itself. How great an insult you are proposing to the'two illustrious Presidents of the name of Adams is made manifest by the following words from the son of he one and the grandson of the other: Ithiak Mr. Hayes was elected by a fraud, and I do not mean to have it aid that at the next election I had forgotten it. I do not say that Mr. Hayes committed the fraud, but it was committed by his party. I have uo enmity to Mr. Hayes, but after the fraud by w hich he became President I could not vote for any person put up for President on the Republican sid? who did not disavow the fraud committed. I would not support any member of that party who bad any sort of mixture with that fraud. I feel that the counting out is just as much a fraud now as at tbe time it was porpt trated. I remain your very obedient servant, Charles A Dana. A number of English coal mines are being worked under the ocetn. In Northumberland the net available quantity of coal under the sea is estimated at 403,(0Ö,000 tons, and on the Durham coast under the sea, including a breadth of three and a half miles with an area of seventy-one square miles, 734,000,000 tons. The latter mine is in a vein of an aggregate thickness of thirty feet distributed in six seams. Engineers are considering how it can be worked successfully in the future. Stop coughing at once by the immediate use of Dr. Hull's Cough Syrup; twenty-live cents a bottle. Consumption Cure. In changeable clhnates like ours, every one should remember that Hall's Balsam for the lungs has proven itself to be a sure cure for Consumption, Asthma, Bronchitis and all Lung Diseases, and for a common cough or cold we guarantee every bottle. It has aaved the life of many, even after all hope bad tied. Many of our most intelligent families would as soon be without woolen clothing in winter as not to have Hall's Balsam always on hand, for it never fails to immediately relieve all soreness of throat and lungs. A single dose taken at bed time will gently warm the blood, cause refreshing slumber, and by morning an ordinary cough or coid will be gone. Ask your drosrsrist and your friends concerning the merits of Hall's Balsam. Price for large bottle, f 1. Remember we keep this excellent remedy on sale at our drug store In Indianapolis, and do most cordially recommend it to our customers and all good people. Browning & Sloan, wholesale agents. Health is Wealth. It seems strange that any one will suffer from the many derangeDaents brought on by an Impure state of tne blood, when ScovllC Blood aud Liver Syrup will restore perfect health and physical organisation. It is indeed, a sjjwgthening grrnp. pleasant to take, and has proven itself to be the best blooa punnerever aiscovereu, enecnuuiy curing Bcroful. Syphilitic iordert weakness of the Kidneys, all nervous öiaordei and debility. It corrects indigestion. It makes the old feel young, the young feel gay, and will invariably drive out of tne svstem the many ills that human flesh and blood are heir 0. Price of lurge bottles with full directions, tl. - A tingle bottle will prove to you its meriu as a health renewer, to it acts like a charm, especially when the complaint is of an exhaustive nature, having a tendency to letweu the natural vigor of the brain and naiavräUfi ivtpni. Remember we keep this excellent Blood and . . . I . . 1 T A ' aUiver syryp lor saie at our urug aiurw iu iuuiu apolia, and. do most cordially rvewniuend it to our cusajomere and all good people ürowniBf & Sloan wholesale agent.

HEALTH IS WEALTH Health of Body is Wealth of Mind

Sarsaparilliao Resotai

Pure blood make sound flesh, strong bone and a clear skin. Ii yon would have your fieh Una. roar hnnHi iinit vlihmn nrim - HT plexlon fair, use Eadway Sarsaparillian Resolvent. A GRATEFUL RECOGNITION. "To cure a chronic or long-standing disease la truly a victory in the healing art; that reasoning power that clearly discerns defect and suppliea a rmV1T that Fortrtma cnn K. tn V A. the body which has been slowly attacked and WMiVonjul n t . .a : j .- .. -j luMuiuui uueaw, noi oniy commands our respect but deserves our grtatiude. Dr. Radwar has furnished munHnH nrs ts. wonderful remedy, Radway'a Sarsaparillian ReT IS l uiiB.-uiuiuMira i ms rewun, ma suffering humanity, who dratr out an existence of pain and disease, through long dava aud Ion nights, owe him their rnuitndft." Medical Um. senger. FALSE AND TRUE. W PTtmr from TVr Pdwara tvää tÄ . ti. ease and Ite Cure" as follows: LIST OF DISEASES CCEEO BT Radway's Sarsaparillian Resolvent. Chmnie mil TMlWUmi Oarloa nt , T?nn TT mnntin !ha Rlrwwl (.fnUn. T.i . . . . , a Lniiatural Habit of Body, Isvphilis and Venereal Fever Sores Chronic or Old Ulcers, Salt Rheum. ""a "nie cweninK, iscaia tieau, uterina Affections, Cankers, Glandular Pwellintrs, Nodes, V astint? and I W-m r nf th Uylr- vh ..l . Blotches, Tumors, Dyspepsia, Klciney and Bladder Diseases, Chronic Rheumatism and Goat. varieties of the above complaints to which comewiuvD tue M'cu ipetaous names. We assert that there is no known remedy that potweses the curative power over these disease that Radivay's Resolvent furnishes. It cures siep by f tep, surely, from the foundation, and restore the injured parts to their eonnd condition. Tbe wastes of the body ae stopped and healthy blood Is supplied to the system, from w hich new ma- ' iui lurvt. i in u uitj nrsi correcuve power of Kadway's Resolvent. . If those, who W tut Int ibistn matotnVta tnv Ik. .v-l'lll.o I V'i tu TJ cure of chronic, Scrofulous or s-yphilitie diseases. j -" tuiT, xwi iK 1 1 er ana finn thMr irpiipml health irnnrovimr tViai ,w and weight increasingr, or even keeping iu own. it ty m aiiA ml Via V. v a.iiu. f.. I these dioAx- the patient either preu better or . v k-s uik. vwuova btvsi uaaaTV aw u lllk a Hat. UtC) U not arrested and driven from the blood If will spread and continue to undermine the constitution. As soon aa the Sarsaparillian makes the VYaatiaänt faal Katl-ai aaa-aaw V. ...... l'vaaä.u. UKi, ticij UUUI JUU HUI K H W better, and increase in Health, itrenslh and flesh. OVARIAN TUMORS. The removal of these tumors br Rad wit's Resolvent is now to certainly established that what was once considered almmst miraculous la now a common recopnized fact by all parties. Witness the cases of Hannah P. Knapp, Mrs. O Krapf, Mrs. J. II. Jolly and Mrs. P. D. llendrix. published in our Almanac for 1&79; also, that of Mrs. C S. Bibbins, in the prevent edition of out raise ana true." One bottle contains more of the active nrlnci pies of Medicines than any other preparation. Taken In Tcaspoonf ul doses, while others require five or six times aa much. On Dollar Per Itottle. It. R. R. DYSENTERY, DIARRHEA, CHOLERA MORBCR, FEVER A' CURED AKD PKKVXNTED BT Kadway's Ready Re RHEUMATISM, KEUBALGIA, DIPHTHERIA, INFLUENZA SORE THROAT, DIFFICULT BREATHINa RELIEVED IU A FEW K IS CT ES BY EADWATS READY BELIEF. BOWEL COMPLAINTS 4 Looseness,' Diarrhea, Cholera Morbus or palnfti discharge from the bowels are stopped in fifteeu or twenty minutes by taking Radway'a Ready Relief. No congestion or inflammation ; no weakness or lassitude will follow the use of the B, & RelieL ACHES AJST PAINS. For neadache, whether slctt or nervous, Tervon ness and Sleeplessness: rheumatism, lumbago. pains and weakness ta the back, spine or kidneys pains around the liver, pleurisy, swelling of .11 Joints, pain in the bowels, heartburn and paini -all kinds, Radway'a Ready Relief will affordi mediate ease, and its continued use for a fewi effect a permanent cure. 4 Price, Fifty Cents. RADWAY'S Regriilatiiigr DPills. Perfect Purgatives, Soothinj Aperients Act Without Pain, Always Reliable and ataral la Their Operation. j A Vegetable Substitute for Calomel Perfectly tasteless, elegantly coated with sweet tmm nttnra rAcnilflta TtllDiTV- f-fPkWllKA ariQstrengthen, fcadways lllls fv the cur of all dia-1 orders of the stomach, liver, bowel, kidneys, I bladder, nervous diseases, headache, ewistipationjj coslivenees, indigestion, dyspepsia. talk'irnessT fever, inflammation of the bowels, piVand all de I rancemeuis tne internal uscen. niriiuwuii, effect a cur. Purely vegetable, containing mercury, xamerals or delcartnu drags. Obaerve V4e following symptom resulting fro diseases oi the Digestive Organa. Constiialion, inward pile, fue of blood the hea.4, acidity of th stomarfc. ausea, heabnrn. ri rast of food, taiilne or weight in. stomach, sour eructations, sixJdsger fluttering; the heart, choking or wJSeriui sensations wheu n lvin TäOKtnre. dimaees of vtsloo. dots or w.iv be for tbe sight, fever and dull pain in the bo-.. deticiKvey of perspiTauon. yellowness ot tne aai aU.il. igytj and oyea, pain in tat sia, coest, limos, uua no den Hushes of heaX, burning ia the nesn. A few doses of Radway'a lllls will free tea teu from all the above name aaisoraera. Pric, 25 cunts per Box. Sold by Drugjiitai. Read 44 FALSE AND TRUF ' Pend a Utter stamp to RADWAY 4 Co., No Warren, corner Church street. New York. Inionar.tion worth thousands will be sent TO THE PUBLIC There can be no better gn ran tee ot the irU Dr. Radway'a old established R. R. Remedies! the base and worthless Imitations of tbem,as . . are False Kesolrenta. Relief and PiUs, Itoauref ask for Radway'a, and see thai Ul wuae.',. fc

I