Western Times, Volume 3, Number 14, Richmond, Wayne County, 18 December 1830 — Page 1

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OOV. MMtV’SjMJiISSJiGM. Gentlemen of the Senate, aim of the House of Representatives : The auspices under which we have again assembled, as the servants-of the bestofWereigns, the tb ofi,*, in obedience to the requisitions of a priceless written constitution aud the popular voice, demand from each a spontaneous tribute of profound acknowledgement to an overruling Providence, for the numerous blessings of the year which is jut coining to a close. Whatever ministers lothehappaassaor mankind; in altcmflzed nations, abounds in.our beloved country, in ajl that undiminished profusion compatible with the simplicity of rational desire.— Whilst health, plenty, peace, and prosper* ty, in uninterrupted continuity, constitute prominent themes for rejoicing and thanksgiving, ourselves with our fellow-citizens may gratulate each other, in the conscious enjoyment of ail, and raise a poean of praise to the Author of all good. The universal developements of the past year, at home and abroad* on this and the dther hemisphere, are calculated tb raise the whole human family still higher is the scale of creation, iiF their own estimation, than anticipation ever reached. Many are the indications, that the era has just been ushered in for the complete overthrow of the most hateful errors and deadly enemies of the world, and the triumph and spread of regenerated ad reasonable principles, based m the enlightened philosophy erf* the age and the eternal rights of man. Its great events lave given Lirttrto a simultaneous jubilee Over half the globe, and planted deep in the thrilling souls of millions, a hope of delivrance from long oppression and the race of kings. The press has succeeded in convincing the governed, that they were not made to lie ruled jure devino; but that their rulers belong to them as servants jure humano. The genius of liberty, from soaring triumphant with the eagle and star-spangled ban- , per of America, has taken her flight across the Atlantic to career for a while with the ! lilies and tricolors pf France. The cele- , brated flag, the emblem of popular suprem- , oty and prostrate royalty , now waves unmolested over noble and gallant fiance. A -...■ Li* miiutiHrAif Tfl oiwtiul mwah “HUT 1 ivi/lwHvtlil imi/lliriJily ™ wlvvlvvl Ujwll *llo ruins of the absolute throne of the Bourbon. i limited constitutional king sways a mild , jeeptre, and is now delivering lectures of | iractical freedom to Europe. Their force ; s felt, and neither the Alps nor the Pyrenees, oppose barriers to their march. The spirit they breathe, has already shaken the dynasties of Europe from the-little witless despotism of Brunswick, up to the iron throne of Nicholas. The Frank and the Hibernian, the Britain and the Scot, the Spaniard and the German, the Portuguese and the Netherlander, the Prussian and the Austrian, the Greek and the Italian, and even the cold Muscovite, are common worshippers'at her shrine. Hope is strengthened by desire, Uiat she may continue to brandish her flaming flambeau, until civiP ized Europe, and in time the whole earth, are ignited with ns -puff a flame* as now burns throughout the two Americas. Expressions of opinion at this time, by us, on these topics, will be both appropriate and encouraging, as ttyey concern the cause of general freedom, and if things go on as they. have commenced, (however much upon moral principles We may deprecate a general war,) must ultimate in a signal manner, to the advantage of our agricultural and commercial interests. The new French government has already proposed to reduce the duty on bread stuffs. But when we look to France and there behold a scene of glory, as enduring as the everlasting hills, in the four days successful struggle of her Parisian population against the stubborn tyrant of their dotard king and km puerile ministers, and loam the fatal cuuseof the revolution, and see the companion of’ Washington, and late guest of the United States, General Lafayette, in the very evoning of his life, shedding a fresh lustre over his already mighty name, w’liich lather outshines in splendor the acid of he more brilliant meridian, we shall feel rather theobligations of duty than inclination to apology, for the brief notice taken of this wonderful a flair. What in the whole history of nations can more excite our admiration, than to see a single city giving liberty and law to thirty-two millions of inhabitants, about to be chained down in the most odious and cruel despotism, slavery, and debasement—preserving and newmodeling a constitution with republican fea-tured-—restoring the press to its freedom—securing to the poor privileges never before enjoyed on account of their misfortunes—separating church and state, and placing religious liberty upon a more firm basis than V®r. (What a pointed rebuke this is to the advocates of law-religion in our own coun,ryJ) The news of this mighty revolution audits effects, fall uponux, at this eventful erisis of our history, with the sweetness of music; and will visit the republic ius of Siuth America, bleeding under their mislule and factions and almost despairing of 3U p c*gs in consequence of their long civil

PUBLISHED BY S. .SMITH & A. BUIJbA, oPCENTREVILLE, WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA.

f wars, ■ .Oto m Ibe jffcht M*ir offtctions and wasting confehtionv—as the dew-di-ons upon the thirsty gpSs. Already have we seen the patriarchal of the French and Apostle of American institutions, announcing the recognition, by that gwerament,of the independence of the southern republics—and" Spain very soon must now follow this example. Liberals throughout the world will hail with raptures their late acquisition of strength, and treat it asa sign of the times ominous of the iate of absolute thrones and the foil of of a change of sovereignty from the usurBut, whilst elated with the deep root which the representative principle has struck in the old world, we feel, commingled with our joy, a sensation of poignant griel at the death-toned voice from some disaffected members of our own family, at war with our permanent and successful experiment of its excellency. It presses upon our notice a subject of such sacred, awful, and frightful import, as to mirror to the fancy the germs of the downfall of this renowned confederacy. Witn dreadful intonations, which grate aud pall upon our senses theory of DISUNION hu been rung in our ears. Its value is undergoing a calculation by dollars and cents. As union is out palladium, so disunion is the fabled wooden horse, as delusive and yet as fatal to us as he was to the Trojans. If this monster is not kept without the gates of the city, the time will come when armies will rush from its bowels only to conflagrate, despoil, and demolish the temple of liberty. il The union must be preserved has been nobly slid: We will add, by. the same first and last resort which bought it. In looking into the consequences of tny attempt to separate the states, we see a train of horrors aud follies, so appalling in an hundred aspects, that one • ready at the same time to pity the weakness and condemn the wickedness of him who publishes a sentiment so regardless of social and relative duty. The palpable impossibility of ever succeeding so a project so suicidal to the welfare of this intelligent national community, heightens the insanity of the dreadful scheme, and must finally brand its advocates with marks pf distinction, more fSrWESiSSS Hartford Conventionists. The Constitution of the United States is a compact and cannot be renounced by a minority without a direct appeal to the ultima ratio under all governments, the laws of nature, and original rights; regardless of every thing but force, from the nullified and broken obligations of the constitutional agreement. A state taking this course must throw itself into a belligerent attitude, upon its own resources and strength. This extra constitutional course, must impose upon the violating and revolting state, all of the responsibilities, which the safety of the balance of the parties to the cancelled compact, may think expedient to impose. Who is it, that cannot see the alarming piclure which might be here drawn, presenting civil war wife all its calamities? Yet in view of all this, the doctrines of the right of a state, to secede from the union, for causes deemed sufficient, by hersdf, originating in ah opposition to a fixed and settled policy of the majority from which she dissapts, have ’ received a practical scope, from the gigantic efforts now making, by popular men" and states, to enforce them upon the public mind as orthodox theories of the republic, which on account of their fearfol tendency, make it incumbent upon the state authorities, at their threshold, with counter opinions, to expose their fallacy. The United States government is neither strictly confederated nor consolidated. The relation which the several states bear to the general government, beautifully exemplifies (what has been maliciously denominated a monster in politics, by nullificators) an imperium in imperio. — Sovereignty is the attribute of the one as well as the others, according to the'powers they respectively possess. A wise division of prerogatives to each, keeps all within their appropriate spheres. And in case of encroachment of either upon the other, it is not to be presumed, that there is no constitutional national arbiter, to substitute law and order, for anarchy, nullification, and violence. What a reflection it is, upon the fathers of the republic, to contend; that differ--1 ences between the several members of the Union, about such great questions as commerce, manufactures, agriculture, and revenue, should be left for adjustment at the mercy of a single state? Or, that the laws of the whole , could be rendered powerless by one, or any less than a majority of the parties to the agreement? The charter would not be worth the parchment which contains it, and would be a fraud upon the citizen republican, if it recognized the right of minorities to rule majorities. The gordian knot of the the Union, would sever with the breath of treason, if the few could * enjoin the will of the many. Let it be un- ' derstood every where, that whenever the crisis shall demand it, the general govern ment will be called upon in the name of all the blood that was shed in the two wars for

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freedem—in the name of the illustrious dead anjl living-wholabored so long and faithfully With th&pen and sword to /oraandthen to perpetuate the Union—in the name of him ashes ..which sleep at Monticeljo, Quincy,' ang Washington—in the name if the patricidal wars, which must in future, desolate our country, and in the name df the people an(| of God, to call all their furious energies into .active requisition, to .preserve in the beak of theeagle our favorite motto, U E Pluribus Union,” and the constellation of atarr,and the eseutcheon. But, first let the people of all the states do their doty, their legislatures theirs, by provoking each other to thw broadest liberality, concession and compromise, with a Vie w tb a reconciliation of existing differences, i conformity with the principles of the c< nStitution, and the rights of all and each, he same generous forbearance, may prese oe which made the incomparable covenant, all desire it. To congress the preservatio tof the ark is entrusted. What would p ease os, would be to see congressmen, fix their eye steadily

upon the union, and hear every matter which they may be presented by a state, i.i the form of a grievance rial or imaginary, with patienge and respectful attention, aud decide upon them according to their merits with sincere and honest intentions, and with a wisdom, patriotism, apd indulgence becoming the weighty subject; and above all, unbiased by the mania of party spirit, aud unincumbered with those angry discussions, who have, as if intended t o 'widen the breach, seemed to delight tqo much, in invidious and unprofitable comparison of one section of the country with another, incrimination and recrimination for political effect and denunciations of practices and men, that have long since been buried in in&my, oblivion or the tomb, by tue laws of nature and retributive justice. If the tariff imposing duties upon articles imported from foreign countries, of general consunqpon here, and not the production of our soil and climate or of the labor of our. citizens, is too high, and if this is the grounds of much of the excitement among our southern brethren, let it be modified by a prudent reduction. If the power so long exercised constitutionally , by the General Government, for the internal improvement tvf tlio fVmntrv Ml not donp fimjai jaiilina i.■ the planting states, owing to their rigid construction ol the federal charter; and this constitutes an item of complaint, let some plan be conceived by which they shall be placed on an exact equality with their sister states in all the disbursements of the national treasury. Some equitable rule for the apportionment of the surplus, may be easily found, such as territory & population combined. But, if our sister states in the South, expect us to abandogf the fair and legitimate exercise of the numerous powers of express delegation in tile federal constitution, by the national legislature, and consequently the onward march of what is called, and understood to be, the “American System,” or the

employment of all the essential powers of the constitution, designed for the protection and encouragement of our mancfactuhes, or the labor of our citizens, Ogainst independent foreign legislation or policy, and the application of the means thus necessarily accumulating at the treasury, to making roads and canals or improving rivers, as •well as to objects on the Atlantic, of a national character, they are slumbering under a delusion, out of which, they ought, in good faith, to be at once awakened. Thes&pre measures, too cardinal, too deeply rooted in the expectations and interests of a vast majority of the people, to admit even of a possibility of their Relinquishment. They must flourish or decay together. The politician of the Wesl and Indian!, who would not with all his powers cling to them, through all temptation, against influence, party, patronage, or other cause, would soon read Jus fete in the ballot box for abandoning the inheritanceof his constituents in the common purse. £sace here, will not permit an assignment of reasons, why the general government possesses those powers, or why it is expedient to exercise them. We have no doubts on either point. And if we shall ever he compelled by irresistible circumstances, to repeat our consent to an araendmeut to the constitution, conferring powers to the government already there, for internal improvement and impost purposes, if the enemies to the systfib will then be quiet, we will undergo the trouble. To any “modus operandi,” which may be selected, that will give us the Union and these measures, we will acclaim. It is charged upon the friends of this policy, that they impose a tax upon certain parts of the country, in order to distribute it in bounties among themselves. How this can be, when all parts of the country are equally represented in Congress ad consumers of importations, and producers, in nearly equal proportions to tbeir population, is not discemable. Such sophistication gives reason to fear, that there are liberticides in the land. I have received and shall lay before you, resolutions of the states of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Louisiana, declaring that the Tariff of 1828 accords with the constitution of the United States, and is not injurious to the Southern

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States. - Corresponding resolves are.expected fromyou. • ' ' J The dtxte, Which ourselves and our eouOfltttente have adopted, has displayedgwithin the past year, many unequivocal evidences of a certain and increasing prosperity. The superabundant productions of a soil, adapted to the culture of both necessaries and luxuries* affording a sure forecast of the future, .when agricultural science-shall attain to more perfection, are acknowledged as a guarantee, that the country of our choice, possesses attractions for rich and poor, supeprior to most others. With, such a surface, and the hardy* industrious, and enterprising population, already seated upon their own acres, and .the powerful mass of emigrants which conmitly throng our highways, in all directions, to settle upon the vacant lands, the most sceptical cannot doubt as to the glorious destiny of our state. By the aid of a well regulated system of common schools, whichshall, generally diffuse a practical and useful American education to the

poor, Os well as to*the rich, combined with more advanced Universities, with both corporeal and mental improvement as their aim, and an independent voluntary moral discipline of the most liberal, cast, shp will soon take her stand upon the platform of equality, in numbers, mind, morals, and energy, with her most potent sisters. The history of our state, up to this period, will represent us, as strictly an agricultural people. - But, by the aid of our national outlets Unproved, and the artificial lines of communication in

expectancy, we are Sure tb secure to Ourselves extensive commercial privileges.— And these,, with the water power at command, and fuel, combined with the culture of wool, hemp, flax, cotton and silk, or the ease with which those articles may be obtained from our neighbors may shortly add another branch of profitable industry to the common stock, in the growth and multiplication of manufactories. These necessary divisions of industry and sources of wealth, are sure to sustain the mechanical—the strong arm of all the departments of labor. To mechanical genius, most of the inventions of the distinguished last half century, owe their usefulness and fame. The power of steam and the lightnings of heaven are controuled by it. The mechanic, will yet Taax ■■■ K.l it' . .. . Ut) and like Phiddas, be honored in his profession. The farmer will have his, in defiance of all the artifices of the nonsprodueers, to make him work while they play. As the labor of the working-men is the wealth of the state, however employed, whatever holds out a prospect of its reward, is a subject at all times, of the liveliest felicitation. The opening of the British West India ports to our shipping, through the prudent, skillful and effective instrumentality of the President of the United States; the growth of cities in the United States; the increase of

manufactures; the disturbance in Mexico, and Europe, and South America; the delivery of the commerce of the Mediterranean, by the French, from the humiliating and disgraceful vexation to which it has been so long subjected, abolishing piracy* slavery, and the demand of tribute from Christian nations, in Tunis, Tripoli and Algiers; the arrangement with the Sublime Porte by our sagacious administration, for the navigation of the Black sea; taken in connexion with existing encouragement at home—must in a short time cheer the farmer by their influence, and ramify their pleasing effects, from Maine to Missouri, among all, but most in thd west. Such events are, indeed, worthy of a place among the memorabilia of the |S C -. With ouch prospects before us, we me brought immidiately to the plan of future operations, a! is pointed out upon the map of the state and the chapter of our necessities. Our rivets, lakes, and country, their situation and the advantages they hold out in prospective, our present, and increasing resources, the prosperity of ourselves and posterity, look to an early and prudently arranged system, of state and internal improvement, such as may probably be executed, as one of the most powerftil auxiliaries to the attainment j*f every end within the scope of practicaf desire or accomplishment. By first-Arousing the attention of the people to its importance, then convincing their judgments, arid then gojng to work with firmness, and in earnest, we shall be able to bring into the field, all the faculties of tiie state,

for any factitious display of energy, coming within the range of'general usefulness. Now is surely the time, whilst our state councils are undivided hy implacable animosities or sectional jealousy, and whilst the spirit of improvement is in tlie land, whilst

damages for privileges of way are nominal, and improvements unmade in many places, for the state to mark out to the public eye, those essential lines of intercourse, which must, by us, or hy our successors, ho ma<l the objects of special consideration; and which, cannot in the common course of 6vents, remain unimproved, by a wise commonwealth. Our Wabash and Erie canal (or its substitute, a rail road, lesa expensive and equally valuable,) on account of its utifity, and the provision already accessible for its advancement, deserves to occupy the

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foreground in the progress of a more enlarged plan for internal improvement or navigation. This infant djfoi of our commercial prosperity and of hopeful promise, to the fanner, has already become the subject of a lively and general solicitude. Such are the public expectations and thedelica.- relations growing out of late fiduciary engagements, between the State and the land purchaser* that either a forced or voluntary suspension of this work, must be the cause of much public and private raumfiiring, besides the imposition of onerous responsibilities upon the state, not to be (faired; The Otafo would be unworthy of hex franchises, to give up this enterprise note; with orie Hand upon the donation of tends already made, and the rich Miami reservation within the reach of the other. If the state of Obio shall blindly refuse the undoubted advantages and donations of land tedderod to her hy the treaty of 1829, between her and Indiana, she will impose, through too much reliance upon her enterprise and magnanimity, consequences upon us* not less grievous, than rnirious to herself. It will be regretted* if the absurd idea of canal rivalry, shall so successfully oDtrude itself into the calculations of dur sister states, ob to form even an item of objection to the ratification of the compact. A refusal to unite with us, on this, or any other ground, however, to make the canal, will only leave her without the tendered bounty* and drive us* to othersexpedients, not less sure, although more expensive. The canal'

route may be changed, sobs to run through the Michigan territory* and north of Ohio, to lake Erie. This furnishes ud with one alternative under the pressure of altogether possible in itself. Another is that the Ordinance of Congress of 1787, declares all navigable waters leading into the St. Lawrence, common highways* and that the Maumee is a navigable water course and leads towards the St. Lawrence. Hence it is free to ail to navigate, and susceptible of improvement under authority from the United States. This would be given, as a necessary consequence of the grant already made. So here, we have another alternative. 4nd if either of these designs, should be found not to answer the end in view* we may then, as a dernier resort, but full of promise, in virtue of an act of Congress the terms of the canal grant, construct with its products, applicable to the whole line of survey a single Rail-way front the Detroit river, across the Peninsula, to the southern bended*lake Michigan; thence to the Wabash river; thence to Indianapolis, and thence to the Ohio river. By means of such a facility an outlet would be opened for the state, including the Wabash country, to the northern and eastern lakes, and the cities of New York and New Oriea is* or the gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic ocean. The. Kentucky rail road, termimting at Louisville, would seem to mark out the Falls of the Ohio river* as the point of termi.iation of the one through Indiaiia. Thus it may be seen* that the states of Kentucky and Indiana, and the territory of Michigan, may be united directly, in interest, upon a scheme of mutual benefits, which by its true national bearing, might calculate largely upon any amount of national funds, or lands, which might be found wanting after the application of the proceeds of the lands already granted, to carry on the work. It might be calculated with some certainty, that by offering to the territory of Michigan, the same immense boon which is now offered to Ohio, that she will complete that part of the said road, which runsthrough her territory. Indiana, with her grants, might complete what would be in her limits. Kentucky, Tennesse, and other states South iff them, would doubtless do their duty, until the way should reach the Atlantic. An egress and ingress from and to the lakes and seas, would be secured to us. The southern and northern markets and productions, would be thrown open to our trade. Whatever may be thou’t of this ulterior project, whilst the "canal is possible, it must after that, insist upon its strong claims to favor, by its national character, and the prospect of uniting several large states, in its support, to secure to it the ample means of the general government after the payment of their debt. It follows from the above picture, that the non-ratifica-tion of the the trealv, by Ohio, will only cripple us. The cana'l lands, sold in September, averaged $1 70 per acre, creating a capital stock of §75,000.00. It is understood that the "terms of selecting the balance of the lands, have been adjusted with the - United States, by the commissioners. It is also understood that the canal commissioners, have

had an engineer employed this summer upon the Dimmit level section of the canal. You arc referred to their report for particulars. I will here add, that the semi-annual sales of the canal lands will hereafter take place, by the existing law, unless the course Ohio may take with the treaty, shall make it necessary to Suspend the sales, further up the Wabafln, until we shall have concluded upon other auAfurther operations, i The national, and Michigan and Ohio turnpike roads, crossing each other t the centre of the State, our next most important werks from which so much good is expected