Western Times, Volume 2, Number 19, Richmond, Wayne County, 16 January 1830 — Page 1

yM I. WllfliH MA VXBEXISm

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: VARIED* -I- *" Great Despatch. The President’s 1 message has bjo transmitted this session with unexampled 1 dispatch. It was taken to Baltimore in one hoar and thirty five minutes, being at the rate of *4 miles an hour, to Philadelphia in less than 9 1-4 hoars, a distance of 137 miles, and'to N. Fork in 16 hours, a distadce of 248 miles. It was received by express in Richmond in 11 hoars, and 40 minutes from Washington. -v -- 'A.. It was carried to Raleigh, N. C. a distance oi 300 miles, in 24 hours. It reached Boston, from Washington, in 31 hoars, 23 minutes, a distance of near 600 miles. The distance from Hartford to Boston, nearly 100 miles,was accomplished by the bearers of the message in 6 hours and 8 minutes. It reached Wheeling, on the Ohio, in 21 and a half hours from Washington, distance 300 miles. It reached Columbus, Ohio, in 34 hoars and 46 minutes, a distance of 420 miles. A pile for windy w eatherl When a smart shower is accompanied with wind, such as we had last Saturday afternoon, carry your umbrella right before you, and endeavor to punch every body who is not so polite as to give way. Philadelphia Ariel . < CORSETS! CORSETS! When we breathe we take into tbe chest, or inhale, and give out, or expire, a certain quantity es air, which can be "measured by breathing' through a curved tube into a bell glass full of water, inverted over a Sneumatic tub. Dr.tferbst, of Gottingen as lately been performing some curious experiments in relation to the quantity of -air that is breathed. Now the commonest understanding will appreciate from them the vilueaad comfort of foil and unrestrained breathing. Dr. Herbst says, that a middle sized ntan 20 years old, after a natural expiration or emission of air, inspired or took in 80 cubic inches, when dressed, and 106 when his tight dress' was loosened. After a ./id? dilation of the chest, he inhaled 126 cubic inches when dressed, and lg&yvhen undressed. Another young man, aged 21, after a natural expiration, took in 50 while dressed, and 96 when undressed. Had Dr. Herbst made his observations on some of the ladies, who carry the use of corsets to extremes, we apprehend that he would have obtained results of a nature really alarming. If the wheel of fashion which revolves'eveu more rapidly than that of fortune itself would but bring up something oriental in costume, it would go far towards perfecting the objects ofthis Journal—the public health. At the Hotel-Dien, the great hospital at Paris,a young girl of eighteen, lately presented herself to M. Breschet for his advice. On the right side of her throat, she had a tumour of variable size, but never bigger than one’s fist: it reached from the collar hooe a* kigfh as the thyroid cartilege, (called in eommon language Adam’s apple;) when pressed downwards it wholly disappears, but return* as soon as the pres*re is removed; it is indolent, soft, and elastic. It is observed to be largest when the chest is tightly laced in corsets. In short, by placing the ear on it, the murmur of respiration can be beard in the tumour, which proves that u protrusion of the lungs -hastaken place; or in other words, that this poor girl has been laced so tightly that her lungs, having no longer sufficient space in their natural situation, are squeezing out of it, nod are forcing their way up along her neck. We often meet ladles dressed M cruelly, that we wonder where their longs and livers are gone to. -i: Journal of Health. Causes of Diseases. —Nothing, says an uM writer, pesters the body and ihind •ooaer than to be still fed, to eat nod ingurgitate beyond all measure, as many uo. By overmoch eating and continual, feasts they stifle nature, and choke upj themselves; which, had they-lived coarse-I W>r, like galley slaves, been tied to an oar,' aught have been happily prolonged many! for years. ' To the same effect is the language of a celebrated Loudon lecturer. 1 tell you 1 honestly, says he, what 1 think is the cause # the complicated maladies of the human, nee, it is their gormandizing, and stuffing, *®d stimultating their digestive organs to •o excess; thereby-producing nervous disorder* and irritatioo. The state of their bunds i\another grand cause; the fidgetting and discontenting yourselves about *^ c b Cannot be helped; passions of all kinds; malignant passions, and worldly tores pressing upon the mind, disturb the •etion ot tip brain, and do a great deal of harm.—Jfc —— PILGRIM, p® tins tins spent thy earthly duties learns Pro* fancy’s dreams to active virtue turn : Let freedom, friendship, faith‘thy sont engage, And serve like them, thy country add thy age.

EDITED 4c PUBLISHED BY S. SMITH, AT CENTREVILIJE? WAYNE COUNTY; INDIANA.

THE t. STATES AND THE INDIANS. W hen we penned the few remarks on the Presidents message, which appeared editorially in a late number of the Times, we intentionally Omitted to botice severe of the most important parts of that dncii ment, under a belief that we conld not then bestow on them the attention they deserve. One subject that struck us with peculiar force, and the only one to which we are at present able to direct our remarks, is, the argument and decision of tbe President, against the right of the Indians inhabiting parts of Georgia and Alabama, to form laws for their own government, and his determination that the States can exercise jurisdiction Over all Indians within their boundaries. We are well aware that the principles maintained by the President, have long been advocated by some of our ablest statesmen and legislators, and have received the sanction of large majorities of ttie citizens in some of the States where the Indians reside. But looking, as we do, to the decision of the President, as authority that will be considered conclusive, we attach to it greater importance than to the opinions of all the Governors of states united. To present this subject in its foil and propdr light, it would be necessary to give more copious extracts from document; before us, than our circumscribed limits will admit of. We will therefore be as brief as possible. After alluding to ther attempt by certain Indians inhabiting parts of Georgia and Alabama to establish laws and regulations ibr-theii own government, and to the extension of the laws of those states over tbe Indians within their respective limits, the President quotes that part pf the Constitution which declares “no new State shall be formed or erected witbin the limits of any other State,” without the consent of its legislature, and then hastens, by what we think irrelevant reasoning, to tbe following? conclusion: “Actuated by this view of the subject, I informed the Indians inhabiting parts of Georgia and Alabama, tha’ their attempts to establish an independent government would not be countenanced by the Execn - tive ot the United States, and advised them to emigrate beyond the Mississippi, Or sub * mit to the laws if these states We lay it down as a position not to be denied, that the time diet exist when the Indians were considered and acknowledged by us as the sovet-eign and absolute owners Os the soil on which we /oundthem. The ‘Presidentconcede* this point, when he so feelingly alludes to their former condition, and contrasts it with their present Situation. ■* ~ “Our ancestors,” says Tthe President, “four!?! them the uncontrolled processors of these vast regions. By persuasion and force they have been made to retire from river to river, and from mountain to rndun tain, until some of the tribes have become extinct, and others have left but remnant's, to preserve, fora while, their once terrible Dame.” The fact being granted, that the Tndiank were once tbe “Uncontrolled possessors of these vast regions” of which the states are formed, the next questions that arise are—have they ever disposed of their right to the lands they now occupy; and if not, can tbe States or the General Government, deprive them of that right, without their con' sentt That their title to the lands on which they live has ever been purchased ; from them, is not even pretended, but the I grounds assumed; are, that by living within j the limits of the States, they become subject to their jurisdiction, and by making I laws for their own regulation, they erect “new States,” contrary to the design of the Constitution. Presuming, then, that the two latter grounds are Che ones on which 1 the President’s decision is predicated, we narrow down the argument to those point* alone. The reader will Sear mind the concession that the Indians were once the absolute ’‘possessors” of tbe soil, and that in all our oegociatioos with them, we have acknowledged them as sovereign and independent people, having full right and an thority to sell or retain, at their option,any part of their territory. Did not Georgia and Alabama, at the time their boundaries were established, know that they were including within those limits independent and sovereign nations

SAT7BDAT, JAITTAET 16, 1630.

of people? aid did not CongreSL at the time they admitted Alabama ask State, well know that there were withifi |ts geographical bonidaries a people whole title to the country they inhabit had beenjrecog* nized, ratified, recorded and confir4‘ed, by a htindred solemn treaties between them and the United States? (fthose Indians have inhabited the cotantry from time immemo rial, a* a sovreign and independent people, can we say that they have established thntnselves “within tpe limits of any state” that has only existed fora few years? And is it not absurd to i rgile, that when we guarantied to them, brevet, the undisturbed sovereignty over he small portions of land they still posset i within the limits ot the States, we did it m condition that they should observe laws irescrtbed to them by other nations , and >hich they consider more intolerable tbs i even death itself? Why have we deceived them, so long? why pledged our faitu and sacred obligation, time after time, olive under treaties made with them, now tell them they must leave the ghtyM of their fathers for a country' they diqhfoe, or submit to' laws they can never understand, and oppressions they never anticipated? It is. equally absurd to say tpnt by throwing around these pe&pje a mere ideal line, without their knowledge or consent, we can acquire a right to ejttend over them what laws we please, be they ever so cruel! It is true we have the power, feat such iniquity must reach the high court of Heaven, where justice wilt one day be awarded ti the oppressors and tbe bppressed. x The Secretary of War uses the foil wing language to the late Governor of Georgia—- ‘ The principle asserted by your Legis latiire, of extending the laws of the State throughout her owoApMYtonii! limit*, appeared in itself so reasonable and well founded, that it was inpossible, under all the circumstances presnted, to doubt as to the propriety ot the mmsure. At an early period, therefore, -whin this question arose. the Uherokees were given distinctly to understand, that it! was not Within the competency or power f the Executive to call in question the rig it of Georgia to assert her own authority within her own limits, and tne President I is been gratified to witness the extent to \ rich a principle so reasonable in itself ai 1 so vitally important to - State Sovereign r, has received the approbation of his fe! iw citizens. This oft asserted and denied right being settled on the side of the Stat, to the extent that Executive interference could go, ft was expected and hoped, tham little longer, coqtinnance of that forbearance which Georgia had so long indulged, Wuynll that was wanted to assure to her, the purposes and objects sbe had before her; and after a manner, tory to which philanthropy could I take no exception. The period was j approaching, when, by the enactments oif; the Legislature:, the laws of your State were to take effect, and heroine operative over the Red man its the White.” The President appointed Generals Carroll and Coffee, agents to visit those Indians,and urge their removal west of the M issiesippr. What success they met with, and the disposition of the Indians, on the! subject of removal,may be judged from two short extracts from letters to the War Department. Gen. Carroll says; , “The troth is, they rely with great con fidence on a favorable report on the petition they have before Congress. If that is the laWs of the States ire enforced, you will have no difficulty in prtcuring ah exchange of lands with them.” Gen. Coffee also uses about similar language; “They express a confident*' hope that Congress will interpose its power and prevent the States from extending their laws over them: should they be disappointed in this, 1 hazard little in saying that the Government will have little difficulty in removing them west of the Mississippi.’* Thus it is, if they do content to remove, it will be in consequence of their dread for laws they consider too intolerable to be borne.- And yet the President says: “This emigration should be voluntary ; for it would he as cruel as unjust to coinpel the aborigines to ahandoi the graves of their fathers, and seek a home in a distant land.” Ta show more folly ih*-feiHng* ofihe Indians, at the Idea of being driven from their country and their hotnys, we give a few extracts from their own language. Extract from the message of the principal

Chief of the Cherokee notion, submitted before fttenatiopal committee and ootmcil, in joint cbmmitteeof tbe whole, October 14,1829. “A crisis seems to be fast approaching when the final destiny of our nation must 1 be sealed. The preservation and happiness pf the Cherokee people are at stake, and the United States must soon determine the issue: we can only look with confidence to the goad faith and magnanimity Os tbe general government, whose precepts and profession inculcate principles of liberty and republicanism, and whose obligation* are solemnly pledged to givtyjs justice and protection. Our treaties dp relationship are based upon the principles of the federal constitution, and sd long as peace and good faith are nyuntained, no power, save that of the Cherokee nation and the United States jointly, can legally change them. Mach, therefore, depends bo our unity of sentiment and firmness of action, in maim taining those sacred rights, which we have eyer enjoyed: and, deliberating upon this subject, oar minds should be matured with that solemnity its great importance demand*. But if, contrary to all expectation, the United States shall withdraw their Solemn pledges of protection, Utterly disregard their plighted faith, deprive us of the right Os self government, and wrest from us our land, ther., in the deep anguish of our misfortunes, we justly say, there is no place of society for us, no confidence left, that the United States will.be more just and faithful 1 towards us in tbe barren prairies of the west than When we,occupied tlje soil inherited from the Great Author of oUf exist ence.” Extract from the reply of a Chief of the Creek*, more than a hundred year* old, to Col. Growell, who had been sent to urge the Indian* to remove beyond the Mississippi:— • "Brother* l I have listened to many Talks from our Great Father. When he first tame over the wide waters, he was but ,a little man. and wore a red coat. Our chiefs met him on the bank of the river Savannah, and smoked with him the pipe of peace. He was then very little. His legs were cramped by sitting, long in his' big , boat, ond he begged for a little land to light his fire on. He said he had come over the wide wafers-to teach the Indians new things, and to make them happy. He said he lovedhisVed brothers;be Was verikind. c The Muscogees gave the white man land, and kindled him a fire, that he might warm himself; and when his enemies, the pale faces of the-South, made war on him, their young men drew, their tomahawks and protected his. head from the scalping knife. But when the white man had warm ed himself before .the Indian’s fire, and filled himself' with their hominy, he became very large, With a step he bestrode the mountains, $• his feet covered the plains and the vallies. His hands grasped the eastern and the western sea, and his head rested on the moon. Then he became our Grgat Tjjpther. . He loved his red children, and. he said “Get a little.further l*wt l tread on thee.” With one loot he pushed the red man over the Oconee, and with the other he trampled down the graves of his fathers, and the forests where he had No tong hunted the deer.—But our Great 'Father still loved hi 6 red children, and be soon made to them another Talk. HA said; ‘Get a little further; you ate too near me.” Extract of • communication from Mingo, King, and Chief* and head-men of the. Chickasaw nation in Council, to tbe Secretary of war, dated 15th June, 1829. “In the firtt place, we beg leave to state that our opinion to different to that of a portion of our white brethren who accom{anied ns in that expedition, respecting he vacaht country through which we passed. They have represented it as a country suited to the Conveniences of Indians, knd one in which aft the wants and necessaries of life could be reared with facility. But of this, we are disposed tb doubt. Although the country in Which we now live is one that pleases us, yet every candid man will acknowledge that in some instances, its value pnd quality have been misrepresented. Os the causes that produce those misrepresentations, respecting Indians, and thfeir lands, it is perhaps needless to speak. If duly'considered, the Honorable Secretary of War will place them to the proper account. - In all exchanges of property among individuals, advantages and disadvantages are duly considered. These considerations are not toss impressive when operating in a national point of view; and we still hope that the Government of the United Stages will not be disposed to coerce a contract die advantageous to us; add one, which posterity will Vij was dishonototble to them While on this subject permit us to remark, that we remember, with pride and gratitude, the advice of our first great father, General Washington. We recollect with pleasure, his parental admonitions; and never can We forget the last Solemn declaration* of this great and good man, made to us. Bidding him farewell—wishing b’.m tbe blessing of the Great Spirit—-wit’ a one hand enclosed in hto, he said; my

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children, confide n the integrity of the United ! States, and their protection is gfotn to you.* IWe have never doubted the good feeling of i the General Government. We know that |it to importuned by the State of Missispip--s>i, ana that this importunity alone is ti e oundation of it* wishes. If we had found a country to please us, it was our intention to exchange. It ie gel our with to do to. But we cannot consent to remove to a country* | destitute of a single corresponding; feature to the one in -rhicb we at present reside. A latitude more North than this, we are disposed to think would not be congenial to the health of a great majority pf us. That part of the Choctaw land, lying South 'of the Rive i* Arkansas and Canadian, to (lit | on ly *pot that to sow, to which to could con* sen! to remove; and if we could find one of 4 Similar character, in all probability. >4 (would remote to it. We have received fa* . vorahle intelligence concerning the cbbhW South of Red Rivet, and as we are now die * posed to accommodate the Government by ;an exchange of fend—will it affot-d tolls tbfi conveniences nectssafy for exploring thi country alluded to?” STATE UEdiStATbRE# * ' .Z. Tonoxr, Dice. SI. IN SENATfe. ; Mr.STEVENS, chairman pt the Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred so much of the goto ernor’s message as relates to the rode of laws, nowin a state of preparation by the governor, made a report express* ing in strong terrhs approbation of the governor’s proposition to prepares code which will enable 'people to secure and defend their oton rights without professional aid, and declare* live of the hope of the committee that the governor would not fail, to redeem the pledge so often given, of furnishing (his code, and that such code might be such as thie executive has promised The committee reported irifavorehly of an Amanuensis, and pray to be discharged from the further consideration of the subjects Mr. McKlNNEY 'moved to Iky the. report upon the table. He said that he Was of opinion that legislation on this subject was dnnecessary . HS was opposed to employing an amanu* ensis. The governor bad promised the people of the state a code', and had assured them that the trouble apd ex-* peusie should be his not theirs} but ha was opposed to the reasoning of the report. He, as ft member of the com* mittee on the Judiciary, had not & greed to the reasoning of the report. MV. STEVENS in fettaWer said} that the reasoning of tbe report wai nor original with— nl* the chairman—it was takeh entirely from the different messages of the present governor, and adopted as being en* tirely expressive of tbe views of tha cuuimiiipe. Mr. McKINNEY, (in answer to the senator from Swiifcerlano,) said that he was, in committee, (as now,) opposed to the reasoning, though ha approvedfhf the conclusiotf of the report, mz: that ft was inexpedient for tbe legislature to act on the subject—the governor bad originated the idea of a code, and he (Mr. McK.) wished no interference of the legislature. Thii code is, said he, the governor’s project and i! it pleases the people, the honor and glory will be the governor’*.. Mr. FLETCHER said, ihat he* as a member ot the committee on tha judiciary, entirely accorded with tha reasoning of the. report—he had himself perused the different messages of tba present governor, and read them in committee,.and from those messages tbe reasoning of the committee were drawn. He, (Mr. fc\) said he had practiced la# a little, and had understood frotn experience, that in law controversies, as thtt laws now stand, sfact Were more a mat* ter of Uncertainty and difficulty than the law—the law he said was very certain; facts Very uncertain, the premised Cod® would, be presumed, obviate thto difficulty } it wotild furnish the means of rendering doubtful matters of fact perfectly plain* Siich a code was iodted ( he said, to be desired. HOU&fe DF REPRESENTATIVES. Mr. HOOVER moved the fol* lowing resolution; Resolved, That a wleet eonnitter be appoiato ed to draft and report a Memorial to the Congress of the United States* against stopping tb* 1 transportation of the mail en tbe first day of the 1 week commonly called Buaday. and that Skid committee report as sarly a* posable.