Western Times, Volume 1, Number 28, Richmond, Wayne County, 7 March 1829 — Page 2

""jlhis rra.l n repair, in a sovereign ard inde-jticfts the stan do the Heavens, and should iae Lrridc'tt -tate, w u'.d create a cla-hing of lev a. direct tax suflicicrt to support that

j-ier! pjwer? Oriainlv, bir, 1 I a

r:vcr heart it qu-sttoned. ' . u t-dtcti ,a ret.vien the state and the 1'ni- army, and create and mnintainth.it navy

gc-.t. covin who addressed the com- ttj t.itcsV:uit. ard therefore it was en What wculd become of the States? How

luiucc, nar tr-.c o;?nmg ot this debate.. . .1 -o-t.tuti..:nl Now. Sir, wmo this a ques- would they he able to maintain their gov-

hth r.:i certain, in: i thvr, tlesan&otn ux . - Mr

5itir.tlt"8, nhen v. v pi .iro.vi; ;. ! n),,-, oc..lt;vl kt,.-vte!e o;i thi- part 'army of one Vmdred men, we can rai?e

Ct-C fori.. coni Ic:atin t f the

f. S".?po, the g- itlern in. fin

' I d th these dith.ullies would be 'one of one bund red red lions; if we can

1

-'i ';'

.! nun i-:ti:

than otherwise. Poes'huild and man one ship of the line, ne can

rc .iou! i u.v ..o a contv or a l te a j.,,,. rv rn r o-iiem an wh o he irs me. know,' build and mn any indefinite n'imWr; if

po-t road, an 1 then the g- fulo nan tr, mi-j,', ,n ln xrrv nature of the cn-truction!we can levy a diicct tax on the people of t .! iit.y a'. It :!iv .. cadd n th, t;lf nl'an 1 state Gov rome nt-, it .one cent each, we can levy one thousand

01 . m C'Vi'.fr.PT. j i-.i !i t.on over t!ie

1

. ! u r iae -.o ; Ve tne I'm , . -ta

v.- c 0 . 1 sti . t ' t .- '.;!-ta of the '. Vc? 1 v. .! iivwf th. cr.ole.n p'.';.n an" th r c a- wberethere i t,t! " '.v'd i c n iM ex'rei leh"' iti a

p'liOvplo t a'. id a co;nirrcnc o n jdollai each. I

re liction innnn c:s, where there is a ers arc vc lmntei

- 1

-v "jrrcnM oi It tr:H alien, a conriu aenoy cept as to the appropriation tor the Mip','.1 i-i'irt'oi 1 ill.m-ofro'iic. The two'!jort of the army , nd the limitation is as k--) i'iT.!nrii! extend over the ?ame people'to the time for which the appropriation can

'iai

'-v: r to

' .1 re

-o f r the s tine temtrrv et countrv--o-

( e, under tlU f , th une thin. Tlie me uis nece-sa-

d-vt re w "r, t i aie and

r 1 1 be t.oe 1, to c-11 1 v into etTe-t the oh-

le matte, and not a 10 trie amouiit appropriated. Hut, fhould Ccnprrcs attempt to

override these powers in thi- unwarranta

a 1 . e;.et luf: ition. h ; ..,- nnd power- of the two governments, blr manner, or hould the -tatc legislature

-:.Ue

ton t l i;U th.-o.v u4 a t tr'danV.v. al. iivX thi- a 1" tx ' e ho p,;.' and would : J- likely to be done, a ' v;:nty or tate a road ? Tiie v

.'. 11 m a know erm in it i '-tent. an t s i- th word r

1 ;n a- " mm rv

iii'i-l i'P f vfcwciu'i rt i uraw n nom ine me -o'nve. Have we not novv V. States

refnse to elect their Senators, or prov ide for the election of Heiirc-entatives to Con-

1 r jodif-er, pro'ertrd by our penal enactment- ro;, where is the remedy? It lies in

ho

in

ofr part of the I'nited M a'f s ?

. 1

r in''

" U'Jl ' " 111 I Uli'h.'in 'I 111 1111 ui' ; . -r,' ?,-.: i vt itr-, f r tlio parpo-e of adjudicating on :mo:i tat t,n,r hu? Udiy then this -en-ttivenm It r.-ir; r. Pr0, tine- the-e rates? Ilowdotnev

om tha -enllvT.cn arc hud ran for ni-:,i!liCr ,vom nn-t od'ires, dork?, custom hou-

CjiltM v. hen they 1 !t:hd vi;.-oc 1 - kcj p.x riev er vdl, o ur.

c

rt to

far-

iii

10PM

It 1 ic t t

jpp-l 1: i:e.nn I no! ti tl e,; 0. o; po.v i .' t niloct from the people n

er.nnl theietore ;ipU! I h ive itt.eweij it lV a Intever name it may be railed.

1: I di ! not mi- :a l.i

-ey. liht houe. antl the whole tram ofne-ce.-iirv bnildin?6 trccti I and protectti by

( or"re--, under the varrius incidental

nioncv.

Have! the wisdom, firmness, patriotism, intelli

gence and virtue of the people; they must correct these abu-es. If any Congres or -tatc leijijlature should ever become so lest to thoir duty to the republic, as to attempt

them, the Ople cave the power, by put

1 . 1

a t tlK1 tr"t

Iroai Virginia, w!iom 1 line in nr. e. ;Mr. P. T. lUr. .ur..) in hi remaik- the th"r tl iv, he cov.tend,v; ;h.xt the word -e ; irdiih."1 n thi ;rant of ptwer. meant t V;-;?"! v.- ihit 1. ' deijnnte the 10 id on n!r.. !i tae m id aN ?Jd bo carried, an 1 ti 't f- construct the ro id : if there w ;i- n road.

1

..11 1 ' 1

I 1 one e. tion of the Constitution, Con-i-.'vlh'M ied to excrctre r rc'isirr le-i-' !ive p-. er-over the ten miles square, .m l cc rert 1111 other enumerated pi ires whi'di miiht be purchard for certain puri.nvf. !n , It t me ak, is the word cr-

- ' ir - i-.tr.vl-'.rfd here, if it w as not

ed tii it. in r!n r raes. w here the

any other act that might be necessary to

retorm the exi-tmg abuse, and not u-e, ol power. So that 1 think it mud !e ob ious,

that a great part of the arguments which

cn which to carry it. f do-ignatt- th- ho;ie;nnt L ( on c---hould have the riirht to

y which the m lil b ill be opened, and ' ,pr,-,.e c-j ir.irr, . legi-' it ion over-udi the p stage culler-,-1. and not tocon-tru.:t;tid,U.(t as ,i-ht be ner(--arv to pr-Hect

vr t-1110 anouse.it ther- wa-no ho,r eon-;tlie rrrprietv , and c irry into etlect the that ever was constructed

ver.iem 1 ?r um :arirt-e. ioo not iif rf ,1,.il. t.,P ui,, 1 , r:ni-f.mmfti

real purpose.

gentlem -n cc th-t! ti,i ccntr.Kti-n wotildj,va rr0alo.n 'j he gentleman from Penn

; 1 ic the tiener.il (1 nornmcnt. in the ex ;a.tj

vania, (lr. I1amsy.) who addressed

-hewn conclusively, that it i on the virtue and intelligence of the people that we must

rl for a taithtuland prudent exercise o great western mail passes seven times a

t intend- t,p powers conferred by them on both thelwcek. carrying almost the entire communiword isiStatc and (ieneral (ioveinments. Why Wat ion thut p;-s through the post otlicc de-

then, sir, let me a-k, should we try to make partmeul 'mti the Atlantic atutes ?.nd cit

the people divatitied with their Government. It is the bct form of irovernruent

The people

cnjo more happiness, and a larger iK.itiou

of civil and religious liberty, under it, than

the gentleman docs not legislate lightly, or advance positions in argument which he docs not at the time believe himself. For docs not the gentleman at ence perceive, that no collection of taxes, cicept that of a direct poll tax, can be ucifcrm if his position be a tenable ore. The collection of impost duties, which the gentleman has informed u?, ia indirect taxation, cannot be uniform under this doctrine, because those only pay it who . rio5c to buy and consume the imported article just so with the toll, it is cr!y

Virginia to contend thut if jto be paid by those tv -ho chose to travel ion (lid not give the power to,tlc road iu3t8owilli tbo collection cf

light money, it is only to be paid by those vessels that pass the light bousejust so with the collection of postage on letters, it is otdy to be paid by theso who write or receive letters. The gen

tleman might a3 well contend that tbu

uni-

monev

for croesiug the Alleghany mcuntair.

or that the collection of postage was

only authorized and empowered by the mot uniform, because there is not a pest

otticc on every larm in tlie country,, as to contend that the collection of this toll is not uniform, because it is only paid by those who travel the road, 2nd who ought to pay it. It seems to rog that he has mistaken the meaning of the word wnrbrmas applied in the Conil'tution for that of ur.izcrral. The uniformity of the tax to be collected is ap

plied to the amount, nnd not the universality of the country or people of whotp it is to be received.

jon this subject on the introduction cf aievilution at the commencement of the -ession, and shall reserve what I may think exclusively applicable to that bill, for its benefit, when it may come up to be acted upon. Nor will I stop to inquire whether the answer given by the gentleman from Virginia, (Mr. P. I Barker) to the gentleman from New York, (Mr. Storrs.) when the latter gentleman had urged the obligation of the General Government to construct this road and keep it in re pair, a growing out of these compact0, be correct

'or. in neither of these dow - in principle or not. 1 understood the gen-

1 1 - ted by the Con-mutton, ex- tleman from Virg

the Constitution did not give the power

congress to execute this work, we cannot

derive the power to construct it from the

compart. If I am mi-taken in this ground the gcntlcmrm will correct me, as I took no note of his argument. I say it is necessa

ry forme to examine the position of the

1 . 1 r .1 .iiriii.ui uiirui ui villi kuiittuu iuai eentleman, as I contend lor the power in- ,, 4. b,,. denendent of the compacts, of course the collection of light money was not

compacts mut be ohlrjratorv. on the ccn. ! form, because we pay no light

I - u r A

Ionian's on doctrines

Then, Sir, I contend that you were not

Constitution to construct this work, but you

were bound b sob mn compact to construct it. Shall 1 stoif here. Sir, and relv upon

ting new men into othce, with their in-true- the compact solely? I believe I might do tions to repel those noxious laws, or to do o with perfect s:fety. liut I will proceed

1 little further. This is a errand commer

cial ro.id, connecting the states, waters, and commercial cities of the Atlantic with tho-e of the we-t -connecting the eastern

we heal are loundtd en an abu-e, and notjand western commerce of this great re-

the use, et power. And I think I have ' public, and s then lore entitled to the fa-

" 1 . .

voi able, consideration 01 congress. 'I his, Sir, 19 a gr nd ?wf rooi, over which the

:tsc ot thi pour. completely at the tf10 committee adav or two since, seemed

l.et me put a c i-e.(M hae dreadful foreboding as to the tfs should rvike nna inner in which the county courts and iirectionrf tiie cat i .uprrx i,.rs j., his c.untv would get along re the ccnend pt 1 u ,tj, their buMness. if tli bill should pass.

and should rtPi-r to 1 -tnatfv ,or mr 1 do not know enough 1 1 .il - ' '

ab r;t the inri-dictioii ot a rennlvania

m?rcv ot the ; itc-?

S ippo-t- one of tb ' T 1 ids loa'iir. i;i ,l 1 fdl Jvernment, w io :Vice iies'.iViM-e i.

lv.ll,

e mail I

0 ;.!

I in any hou-o in the

te. woald 11 t tino .-ideman -jo with rr.r ro,m ofrpnrter versions, or the power of

:. a'

m. in

i:irn- L-i'-i'T' -1 l C )-t?Kt pOt,l.r .n.rf.rv.MN Si !.!. trt itrhvor tlto

m tho la-ig-Mff..- e," the Corti'u c-f nt!f man fr0m the dilemma tn w hich the

; air".g tin tiMvernmr rit tot ikf

' ras'r.irc cf the 1 ill would id ice him: if he

rr.v.-.to property f'rpu.lr e," nuking ' .ho-dd be called upon as a legal adviser of 1. . ...... ..' . .

kc.i.np-"i-ni.:iuim-i .i, an i 10 , t a or supervisor, in Imcounty. lint.

i''i.: tmir tt

l" Ui. t

-y iuto t. ;it ct th -. 4 construction r

i?r.-"iti, ,) a- to r r , p,r.nne. if thev do their duty, and keep 1: power-.' If -jthe i.iadi in good" repair, all will well

.t be the true .

Tlio 'i itrd (io cr.'.rnr.t .v , r "to con-titute ti ih :. tU

1 ' . I " t I'M

'with them; I'ijil anti'ui r,r-n JornitntihiS

While on this sutject ot con-

' Vcnrrent iuriidiclion, 1 w ill merely say, that

Supreme Co irt.1 Hut wh-ti w.-nld tlt ro ran J,e n0 nnetion, b"t that a convic-

i...- p)iver avail, 11 congrc-- H1.1 not t'le'tr iiby the power tirst having taken cog fi. i!.nt.-l porttr of fivrr.gtothe-e onrt- llV irv"P nf the ca-e, could well be ploadc

,jn-iicTi..n, an 1 ci locating them n vp :, ,ar to a subsequent piosecution tr

par is m u.e c-untry a the "g nerit uf i-U:Une osenc- m a court ot

lie nr. v re vu re or.notht irentirrun r, .,,,- r. :iTii,V,,),n 1 rt

ies to the west, with the return conimuni-

Why, Sir, is all tbie ado about toll gates at this time ? It cannot be possible that gentlemen are 10 much alarmed at a toll crate, as thev Dretend to be.

my other people 011 earth, and they hae'gress, in a pre-en.fi nl degree. This, Sir,

tried it, and have confidence in the wisdom in a great inilitan; rcaJ, presenting to the of its structure, l'.ut, by keeping uit this 1 I'nited Stales in pc.ee and w ar, a safe and

continued cry, that their liber ties are tram ? lb-taniial w ay over w hich to convey their

nrp vmir nncf rifRrpQ ISot trM

cntion. saving an immense -urn ot money ; ix . " to the government, in this particular, an- gates? W hat are any of yoor offices,

ll,andis therefore strictly national, j lul --"ccui money 10 pay lue disentitled to the consideration cf Con-J" of the government, hut toll gates?

but, bir, ting 11 not all; the gentleman who offered this amendment (Mr. Buce ana:;.') lives in a country where tol

nua

and

pled under foot by the General Govern

ment, they may at last be led to believe that these imaginary evil, which are de picted in such glow ing colors, are real, and then away w ith the prosperity of this happy IU public. In a very few years he wculd present the very reverse of her

present prosperous condition. She would, like Nature after the flvod, in the language of the I'oet,

separate

1

the

and

I mi.-.' oi.uuiiir vffiiin n 01 rori--:i r n 1 1: r ii ic t ion . l.et me put a

Who ire conten ling ft thi ronT-: ti "i.'(- . ... "v,ro..!e u.,v to dlu-trate mv

rnan t s.i th it thr-e coart--h-ul i !. c' t, :

i lti . In tne -t.ite fr on which 1 came, we

I u I'fii'U '"i ii;i.t I'liuirnih un i i nut Wi der the -h i le of the Supreme Ceuit, an f h.h.w rrb!. rv: wbi-h a iYIoi.m.u.

that s utor? and their witne-es m i-t at-1 .;eab"g tlie rood- of a?other from hi perten 1 from tlie reu )te-t part of the Cmte .y ,.ttmg him in fear a i;,t a'a proSUte -.t tlfCitvof Wa-hingron.to n iv. L, , ;x t,.tt i- u.piirfd to be in the allca'ei trie 1. t fo leral cogf,i..tnrc ? I -ce rnbhe 1, tlie mail, with it- contents.

prr-rno t,tc geatleinm would not wi-U to , the po-e-s,on of trie mail-carrier, would

U'.n a state ui things. , y rt the contru'

arm) , artillery, and munitions of war from the east to the west. Or should the time come when it shall W necessary Hgain to call on the West to assist the Atlantic states in repelling a hostile and invading foreign enem , this road will be of v ast im-.s-v4-r-.j-k tr .v unil itinir thnt riilifi i m. r

our brethren of the Ka-t will ever f.nd V go through the toil gates, and pa

gates nre about as plenty as good courtry taverns. I know when I lived h Pennsylvania, and went to market wit i the produce of my father's farm, for, s, 1 was raised on a farm on a bank of the Delaware river and attended theirs

hot regularly, I used to travel the tur-

ti n tor who h they contend would produce udi a r- i!t j -.uppomg a state -houhl

ft lse t let th e

njita'tel i:i the tate, would ml the j.rt hav t t return to "the ten mde-s-ju.-re, V-r w!iK.!iwe hiTe tsc!uhe legislative power or would not Congress bccompellit to t r' t tiio nce-s.iry buddings for the a'-co.nui d.iti ,n of the court? The pi-ili'-i

rc ms to i cl ir to repi.re commerd

iir ', Co i-re- -h ill

uc. t ire war

"to r ii-

have power "to and -op;H)it ar-

clejil) i-e sikIi property as could be thus

tcloiiou-ly taken trom the carrier, and might well be laid to le m him. Thi of

courts it in the IhmI I j u pre, then, is v iolation of the laws of the

tate; the otfender i indicted and roovicted in the state court, and receives hi- punishment; after whi' h he. is indicted umler y our pot oilirr law, for robbing the mad, iii 'he I luted States' court ; here the crimf

is precisely the ame,the only true test of wbirh principle i thi; co;ll the same rii'lmrc be introduced in both cases, and w ould it support each ? There then could he no question but that the record of the tormer conv iction could be effectually pleader! in bar to the prosecution pending in the federal court, and rice vcrsn, umler -imdar circum-tance. That clau-c in the Con-titution of the I'nited 5tates, and I believe a similar provision is contained in each id the state constitutions; "Nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be tw ire put in jeopardy ofdife and hmb," is a shield to the convicted or acqoitted person. F.von supposing the law on that suhj-'-t would not screen him and it matters ! little under such circumsian-

rnie. -to provide f r the c :nn: .n de

fence."' N'o.v, Sir, c m there be an; doubt, hit thai thr-c powers are ample at: ! suih;:ent o aut. ne the r.,ntrucf ion ot'ro ids uu I cinils fr the tr.in-portation ( f muni t.o.Hofwar, to cm ct f .j tn'.r ition. and, in 2. w ird, to do all thil ls ne iiful to place the Union in a co-nplere -t ' r f defence, ar. 1 to ' arry on an tdr.ient odVn-ive r 2ffin-iV war? the loirncr of whih 1 h:pc r.rvrr to -co my country enticed in. U'l leranv circjm-tances; an I a time of pe-i ;e. i-certainly therno prpitious time io put tiie country in a state of dciencp, h directing n par t of its re sources toward Vie improvement of its iaternal condition and here If t me -tate, that ' n-iidf i lhee powers as ample and pkuiry, and r.) consent fr disea of a state ' oti enlarge or dirn'rii-h t'nei f r t!c-e . i m reason-fir-t, we derive ;-ir powers from the Constitution. a ioptei! ,4 tlie people, and Hot fr n the state-; -rc.:orrlly, if one. ( the . ites could, bv w ithh'Jdiiig her a--ent,

"BeholJ kerielf, and tanJ aghl "A uleiit desert, atid a t!naal waste.'

I w ill now, sir, pnss on t itie errnd grand

iljrct cl jr.pirv, Pr I tuul my v

faihng; my effort to fdlthishall has been

too severe for it: that i, the expediency of the niea-ure propoed by this bill, of erecting these gates. Thi9 will lead me to inquire what work is this Cumberland Hoad ? L'nder what circum-tances does it address itelf to the consideration of Congrci-s? How does it tlitlcr from other great works of internal improvement, which are of a

national character Fori have not )et intended to speak specially of this road,

further than it is involved in the general:

doctrine which I have attempted to di cuss. My ob-erTations have been, thy i far, pretty much confined to the general question of constitutionality, as applicable to all cases of this description . For myself I would not hesitate to place thisniad on that groend, and on the broad groin i of national expediency . I'.ut it is riot nt cesviry that I should do so - for this worU has -trongerclaims to the farorable consider

ation of Congress than any work of the

kind within my knowledge. Thiw road!

w as commenced and constructed to the O-

reaily anil willing to. afford them; and itithendorc strongly recommended to the favorable consideration of Congress as a military .road. T'n ;n Sir, it is certainly highly cx-

'rand pedieilt that this road thould be kept T ,vin rtr.ir. Von have constructed it.

as far as you have gone, at a rcat expense, and will )ou now abai don it and 1 ft it 0 to total ruin? Let mc

speal. ofits true situation and condi

tion, fit this time. I beg gentlemen to

lu ar me, for 1 do not speak from hearsay 1 lo nut tf 1! vou what I have been tidd.. No, Mr. Chairman, I am about '.oti'M you what I know. 1 travelled thi- 'oadwhcnl came to this place.

lastl dl. 1 v.as seventeen days on my h uso in travelling from my own door to tins place, for do not ride in our craches with a driver before, and a wai ter hanging on behind, where. I live, at you do hero: No, Sir, thank Heaven,

we arc farther removed in our habits!

toll myself, and, indeed, I never occr

supposed try rights were invaded; ca the contrary, I was always glad when T cculd get out of the mud on to a goc road and (ravel with case to my hone and pleasure to myself, by paying the small pittance that was required of rcc at the gates. U was the same thic io me whether the collector was a Utitcd States era State officer, for when ro have paid the toll, it is a matter of very little consequence who has received it. If a stranger, ignorant cf this government, should lutppcn to be in this Ih!!, and should hear gentlemen representing the general government, as a my.ster, a mammotii without bowels, feel ing cn the rights cf the States, v.rt trampling under foot the dearest righ s of tlie people, what opinion would Le naturally be led to form ei the government, and the people who would frr one moment submit to it? Would he

Metropolis, than we arc in geographical

extent. I was about to say, that I btruck the road at its present western extremity near Zanesvillc, in Ohio, and I tr-tv ellt d to its eastern termination at

hio river, from Cumberland, in the State of j Cumberland, in the state of Maryland:

from the pomp ard pageantry of this j not suppose that the general goVerr-

res in wh,h cou:t he may be arraigned andtne.;, '.or m either the inestimable privilege , oem ; tried by a jury of his peers isse nii,. ! io him, and he would be just as likely to get ju-tice in thconecourt as the nth". , ihe -ar.ne rcn'cquenres would attend hi- ofiviction in f a h. and he would suffer tii vi.mislinient inlhcted upon bim by the

im ithi r ca-e; if he sutler ed inrucent-

1 . he mu-l arouse the pu die sympathy,

parahe the Tots of the ether tw entv j did they beliet c it ; and if guilty, he would

three, it woul l ? e rn iMn;r a mnjonly qu.nl M,,d lew to mpathie with him. Sucl

tthe "i uoii!y. .v ti ' i-contrary to an t.ie r.f.Vnowle doctl- e. nf.i Itepnblic; and I ':!, powei c-ti nlv V aided to the vr.i'fM granted ia the Constitution, in the n.tri'ur therein poir.tel out; m 'hih cusc, the a :.t vr.r cf state would be of no

a rail

r.cr.t, which I feel it to be my duty to no

;ice,ns I aru satisfied when it was first ir--e.l hv the gtntleman from Penns) I vania, , Mr. Ikva it had an undue khare ol weight with the committee. TliB gc ntlern ah urgo.l. it'i his u-ual ahibtv, a a la. .'.i ,.i.;Artim io th'u MIL on cor.stitr tional

II - -

s ihe ca-e, and -in h it thould be. Hut, if d.liioi!t:es should arise, the only remedy is to he f utid m the exerrL'C of mutual forbeaiance. For,fuch is the nature of this (io ernmerit , that it requires forbearance and virtue in the people to ensure the har

mony and prosperity ol the government:

Thrrr is one r-c-ro -on-ttu1ion al argu-"'r it not to be concealed, that if a ma

jority of the states should think proper,

they could put an end to the general government at once let them refuse to elect the rr Senators and repeal their laws for tue election of Kepresentatives to Congress. On the ether hand, :oipposing w e were to

raise an army of a million of men, or should

?iif ihe collodion ftrAt kerp'rca'e J nnvy fu.Ti'.ienl fo cover the Atlan-

Maryland, under a solemn compact enter

ed into by and betw een the General Government and the state of Virginia, on the passing of her celebrated ce-sion act ce

ding to the I'nited States her claim to the.

territory of country northwest of the Ohio river; that a certain portion of the nett proceeds of those public lands, lying in the ceded territory, should be appropriated to the construction of a road leading to the same from the Atlantic states . It has been conte nded by ome, that there wae no ob

ligation imposed by thu compact on th; General Government to construct the road fo the line of the territory, or, in other words, to the river Ohio; but that tho construction of a road jointing twanis the territory was a compliance on the part of the Government with the compact, whether that road ever reached within one hundred miles of the territory or not. I consider such a position too preposterous to need a serious comment. Hut I cannot stop here. I mu-t request gentlemen to look a little beyond the Ohio river on this subject. 1 must request them to go with me to the compact between the General Government and the state of Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. They will there firsl a

hke engagement on the part of this Government, Io coutmue this road west to the capiUiiif-JHissouri; and, under this con-

-truction of the-c compacts, and for other

great national reasons, this road has been constructed nearly to Zanesville, in the tate of Ohio; and surveys have been made and the road marked and located through the state of Indiana, and a bill has passed the Senate, and is now Jeforc the House, which provides for opening this road by cutting oil the timber and preparing it for Inropiking through the last mentioned state, which bill I confidently hope to see

pa? before the session close? . I said a few j

from tlience to Frederick, I well recol

lect of having travelled a turnpike road 'v ith pates erected on it, und I really paid toll, and that too without as much as enquiring whether it was received

by a -tate or United States' toll collector. I3ut to the road: west of the Ohio rive r it is excellent decidedly the best road I ever travelled. It was constructed on the improved McAdams plan. lut east of Wheeling the road is in a dilapidated condition, to the full extent of the definition of that term. It is evidcid, from its present nppcarance that it was fraudulently constructed in the first place. The rock was broken on the road, which should not have been u Ife red; for, by that means, you put it

in the power of the workman to impose upon the Government, by leaving large whole rock in the bottom, and lightly covering them over with dirt and grading. This must have been the case of the Cumberland road, for the recks are frequently seen projecting, so as to render the road almost impassable; and, in other places, this turnpike road is worn quite through to the earth, and is cut

into gutters of from eighteen inches to two feet in depth. In a word, vcti must cither repair it immediately, or it must he totally abandoned. The gentleman from Maryland, (Mr. Wi.ems.) has told us that he cannot vote

for the bill, because toll is a tax, and the Constitution sa)s, that taxes shall be uniform. Had not the gentleman's

earnest manner satisfied u.o that he

was 9cnoua in this position, 5 hculd certainly have doubted il, nvtwithstmdiri"

I have no such icfr.p

y a

h:

merit was sctce fcrtigH. miriad, of the

family of the jAnlhropcphiji, with a polecn at their head, lending tl.r.i way fowardi us, to carry the people cway in chainf, to become the victim of their inhuman customs? Nay, wcj! i he not suppose that ti e pe ople of i'-i country were aeet of degraded rdavfj, incapable cf averting the awful catastrophe which awaited tl em? IhJt wita astonishment would he learn the fac',

that the general government and tU state governments nre the scif snrr.5 people; that the same people suppci! the state and general government; that not one dollar can be drawn frcP the public treasury, for the support cl the general government, without the consent of the people through their representatives; that even the Senate, representing the sovereignties of tbf States, cannot even introduce a bill to draw a cent from the treasury. 'ik9 must be donq by the representatives coming direct from the people; that a;

the representatives who thus keep tho general government in motion, return, once in two yean, to the people to fc the operation of such laws as they rrsY have been instrumental in passing, arto receive a renewal of tho confident k. approbation of their constituents C to be ppurned from their presence unworthy ecrvnnts; tuat the gonersgovermneut, so far from being forctupon the people against their will, i" subject polt ly to their will, for let thcrr withdraw from the general government by refusing to elect their senators amrepresentatives, and it must ccacc t-

eiisl; that the state govcrnrvenis f-'c

b;ucd on tho same principle the vr tue and will of the people, and they to withdraw from their state gcvernnr.cn hj refusing to ehct their itale ofCcerb It i3 true the parchment scrawls wcul r.itiiain, bait th'jy would emly ?c:vc f?