Western Times, Volume 1, Number 22, Richmond, Wayne County, 24 January 1829 — Page 2

t. iVifo of a cout:r; tunic from cnc to anothor port eflhcsamc nation; .1 trade ;th hieh r,o nt!.- r nation I. as a right fo interfere. It fellow-, of necessity, ihat t!ic pr.rcr.t country, wherever it per-; a colotr.n port for n direct trade M a foreign country, departs, itself, Mom thv princif ! r t colonial monopoly npj entitles tlic f ;rcin ecnntrv to the iunc totiprocitr, in every respect, n a i! ir.tcrt nun c with ai:y ether port fi'.e i.afion. I tiii is common ser.se nr.d common

.lut. it is It is ul! more, if more could V KO'tiied. It is i;i toriforrritv vr ith s r-.l -V ' ! ri rf fill fntinM taM .:hr r than (Irvat llntair, t hich have Vitus. roe ci tnse nntion are ..r...wn to 0 Ihcie ta It:'" monopoly ol ft. Mr c 1 on1 trade, with nil the rigor i ccn3tit:r? waich circumstance? pt-rinlf. l jt if is alio known, that, tL-.PC.fr, and from whatever caue, it Ms l.ccv. fei!l r.pr cry or expedient i opon their colonial ports to a foreign III IVM I" M V, - . :o rule cf ieiprocitf ui nvor et t - r jiuiun r. rt wp not rclucn, nor, ) behaved, a rigbt to refuse it prel cannot b 5 aid that the reciprocilv as dictated l v a deficicney of the ::mutcia! nj infio. France, at least, jjul t:it te, iocs cry instance, jjovern

ed by that con?! deration and llolhindl.. . .. , ,, , t ., - . r.i ithat it would be lar short of tho pros ..'.I. Ne: ta 3iv nothir c: of the navica i-.- t , , .

i.r.i; btste of iiwtd-n and Denmark, enforced a h.ch hay: ran !v, it ever. uloi.iul monopoly. The remark is, in- . ed, obfio-js, that the shipping libera"d trorn the usual conveyance of sapulics froci the parent country to the '.olonics Caight be einph vrd in Ue rw flannels opened fvr ilit tn, in snpplits .rjin abroad. Ileciproctty, cr un in equivalent for it, i the only rule of infeicouric nmong Ddepti.dent couimuiiitie; ; t:d no na liwn ought to to! iii it a doctrine, or adopt kj iu'iriablv; p 1; y, wlrn.li would pre-j ..aJc tio Cuunifi acting rucasurci ne-i . i-ar) toti.ljue the rule. . The Thtcry supples, moreover, perpetual peace ; a supposition, it b c feared, not less chuueiical than a U:iicrtul freed' ni of ccmmercc. Tt.ctlcct ct war among the com n re .i.t and ri..ii,cfctuiiii2 nations of i iC HOIIO. Ml r.Ueit UiC WBi'l'S 0 nd tho coitcf its Lro !urti. witha liU il:ct w i ti e clunk' s of freight and in..'iat.ee. ni ed ncilto-r proof nor cxplauil.tn. I i ordci to dcterix.it.c, there- : Tw. a ("Jostioii of tcoroun, between ivpcndmg n f.rciga supplie, and enJiirai g d.iaitst c ub-titutrs, it i r.c- ' iltAty to C'.U.pif tin probnbU peri JuJ ci war with the probable period ;t peace; aiid the co.-t of the domestic liCuur igi ru nt iu tiuirs of peace, wih '.so coit aodtd to fwd-igu articles in '. .t.cs cf war. Luiui the 1 ist crntory, the periods wur and pt ace have b ;n nearly e.'.al. The lfe t of a state of war in . i.::n t!ie price of imported nrtuhs.j u.: )i l q e.un ilea mn ex ictr.t

.'S t-r.;'tp., Ii jwrvrr that the increased, , , ' a ... ,. , ... . Iitlh manufactures, now a flourishing Puce ot particular urtules taav make it; ,r . . ! . , .e

-.i..ii't j in iu 'j 'ikjic n.ciii mi iivriTMking, f r l ; s.iko of illustration. AU equality n: th tvo period?, and tin cusi ri ar. i.Tponca yoru ot tiotu u, iiuc of war tp ticnino ai.d a half dr.l iar,nLd in time of peace to be seven Jjlluia, whilst the latnr could nt all i r . tiu.es be rr.anui ; tured at homo for -ight dollars, it is oi It- it that a tnritl of one dollar uni a quf.rter ou the im ported y vwould prote ct the home 'n iiufaC In time of prnee, and aVcid a Ik lo d.-lUr at.u a half imposed bv Av of wur. It carL n J t'.it the manufacto.tea which tv , support themselves or' aiiiit forelgrrt..r.petition in periods a' peace, would spiif up of themsclrt s the .occurrehco ol war prices. It T.Oat be obvious to very one, that, aj.jit from tn di.7.ruUy of gn-at and iiddn clmngrs of I Joymcnt, no prutent i-apit-thaU voul nggc in c tprnie estaulluuenti of any sort, nt the cornice -cctnent of a war of uncertain iuratiiMi, with a oertainty ol having them crusned by the rctui n of peace. The strictest economy therefore suggests, es exceptions to the general rule, tho estimate, in e very nivcti rase, of war aud peace, periods nod pi ices, with .roreme therefrom, of the amount of t iritX which might be afforded during pence, iu order to avoid the tax result tn from , war. And it will ocour at ante, that the intercourke will b itrpLKthened by addiug, to the supposi tioD of wars wholly foreign, that ol war ill which our iwd couutry might be a paity. r. It is ao upinion whit h all mutt n frtC, that uo naliou ought to to unnc viiiardy dependent ou others for the nunitions of puMic defence, or for the intcriiiis eitntiul to a naval force. ;yherc t't liwi: ham u maratimo front; , or a f xeigu commercu to protect. ; 0 this cLsi of exceptions to the thco fy, toay be iddsd thu instruments of ..rkultare, and of tho mechanic arts, v-.fO I ll'.e otli,r primary wants

of the corrr.-ior.itv. The time has been? 1

when many of these were derived from 1 foreign source, and tome cf them might relapse into that dependence, were the crnviragerner.t to the fabrication of them at home withdrawn. Hut, as all foreign soutces must ho liallc to interruptions too inconvenient to he hnr.ardcd, a provident policy would favor an internal and independent soarr e, as a reasonable exception to the peroral rule of consulting cheapness alone. 4. 1 here are cases wher a nation may he so far advanced in tho pre re qoisitcs for a particular branrh of manufacturcs, thrit this, if once brought inito cxistci.ce. would iiinrort it?clf. and , , j 1 1 . J 1 lllllVv J ..'. V J .it 11? li'tOV 1 iiiiu III tant state, bv

Mir ,(.n,,-,rm(:i'irR"'Ot'.tooi, navne, irouen, irinoe

and

J a confidence in Fnblic prctction,. Tatetvell, Tjler, White, Wood ht remain, if not altogether, for a j

migl lonj; time, unatlcmptcd, nr unnttcmrt cd without sacccss. Is net our cotton manufacture a fair eximplo? Ilotve- , . r., - , . , , . . . , ,. . t, v nit ii uis-jicnscb in so tAiniur dinrrj a proportion with manonl labor, it is quite probable, that without the impulse piven by war cutting clT foreign supplies, and the patronage of an early tariff, it might net even yet have established itself; and pretty certain. porous coiidition which enables it to face, in foreign markets, the fabrics of a nation that defies all other compeli tors. The nomber must be small, that vrcnld now pronounce this manufactnr ing hoin not to have been cheaply pur chased by the tariff which nursed it in-i to its maturity. 5. Shonld it happen, as his been susncctcd, to bo an ebjeef, though not oflr nfnrtun i-nvrrr.mf nt iKrlf.nf if. rmnt man of ac tut ing capitalists, to struggle in 'he cradle Ihr infant manufactures of an extensive customer, or an anticipa- ------- Q - . v. . jtrd ml, it wotild surely, in such ase, be incumbent on the suffering par U,sn fr to make an exception to the "let alone" policy, as to party the evil by opposite regulations cf its foreign comrr.ercr. f. It is a common objretinn to the public encouragement of particular

r. , ibrarichc? rfindustrv, that it calls ofl f lborl. t t . . . .

nauenicis iroiii oincr uranenri rounu ro be more profitable ; and the objection .s in general a nciglity one. Iut it loses that character in proportion to the rflcct cf the encouragement in attracting tkiifnl labourers from abroad. Something of this sort has already taken phce among ourselves, and much n on of it ; in prospect; and,ns far as it has taken or may take place, it forms an xcrptio!) to the general policy in qut ion . The history of manufactures in G. Uritain, the greatest manufacturing na tion in the v c r M, inforn s ns that the woollen branch, till of late her greatest (branch, owed both it? original and tub

.'Utq'ient growths to persecuted xile 'if.,.--, I V.'. ll nrllr.U.

dfbttd to emigrants flying froti the i . , . r r 4 i . . f L j - . - - j It appears, irdecd, from ttie general history of manufacturing indotry, that tbo prompt and iuccc?sful introduction of it into new situations, has teen the re tult of emigrations from countries in tvhich manufactures had gradually grown up to a prosperous state, ai into Italy, on the fall of the Greek empire: from Italy into Spain and Flanders, on the lous of liberty in Florence and other cities and from Flanders and France, into England as above noticed. -Franklin's Canada I'amphlct. In the. selection of cases here made, as exceptions to the "let alone'' theory, none have been it cludrd which were deemed controv( rtal le. Ai d if I have viewed them, or a pait of thrmonly, in heir true light, they how, what was to be shown, that the power granted to Congress, to encourage domestic pro ducts by regulations of foreign trade, wi9 properly granted, insomuch as the power i, in elTi ct, continued to that body, mid my, when exercised with n onnd l?i-i..!ntivr firrMim nrnride. the f r.'tcrhr the safctv and nrosneritv of - t -.........v..,,-.w. . tho nation. With great eteem and regard. JAMF.S MADISON. Joseph C. CAErnL, Fsq. TV7EHTIETH CONGRESS. srniM) sr.ssioN. Dr.er MBi.n. 31. IN SENATE. CUMVmi1M) ROAD. The bill for the continuation of the Cumberland I'oad wa taken up. Mr. NOBLE said the bill was introduced on leave. It bad been referred to a Committee, which had reported it without amendment. The subject had been fully disonssed in Congress in former eHon, und lust session the same bill was ordered to a thirl reading in the Senate bvavetcof?5to 16

Mr. BENTON asked ; bcthei

any material iteration had been made in the bill.. Mr. NOBLE replied that the hill was pr?c:ly the same with that which was reported aft sessionMr. CHANDLER nsked for the nyes and toe on ordering the bill to be engrwed, md they were ordered. The quettia being taken, there appeared YEAS. Messrs, Barnard. Barton. Benton, Pordipny, Burnett, Chase. Eaton, Hendricks. Johnon of Ken, Kane, Knight, Marks. M'Kinlev, M'Lnne, Noble, Hidgely. Bobbins, Rowan, Bugjles, Seymour, Silsbre, Smith of .171 . Willey, Williams. 24. NAYS. .Messrs. Bell, Berien, Ch-indlcf January 7, 1829. HOUSE OF REPnESEXTJlWES. Mr. MEKCER, now moved to take up the bill for the prestrvation and repair cf the Cumberland road; which motion prevailed, and the blanks were fdled so as to make the bill read i thus: Vot every sccrt of tl.rrp or bo;? For rvcry leu ir ,'rrvc t.ors; For everj hone on.! ri-Jrr 1? IS t 6 1-4 For everj i!ch or s!c 1 for each Lcrtr or ox limiting il.p .itnf C For every ilcrrborn, s ilky, cV.nir, cr chniip, or.e hcrta - 1C 1-C r. r rvcry chuior, roicri, cr.r.tl.rr, ftr,?r w!oa, j tiat-fon, ct,aisa o !rarborn with two Lories ar.J fa-:? he(U - - - - iS4 "r -nuo ,th 'ouf"" r crncr.vC3'tof wopfui, tt, whc! not cxrcf i!inj in I r a Hb C t -C inches for each horeoros from 2 I-I to i iDchci for ef K . ' - For CTerj othi-r carf or wsjgorfiom 4 to 6 inctioi for each 3 - - - - - INDIANA LEGISLATURE . . . . i-rem me jnaiana Journal, r .i r w i DEBATE in the House of Rep. resentatives, on the motion of Mr. STEELE to reject the Militia Bill, December '32d, ia'23. Alr.b I LhLh said he niHtie thitj motion out of nodisrespect to the honor - able committee who report i tha bill, but from a sense of duty to hid constitu ent3 and to the state generally. He had long been of opinion that the bill of lighti luaorvH.g to the states tho or;?Hnlizationof the militia, was a better piovision man any taw we can rr.'ike, and that the disciplining of the mihtm be longed to the general government. There is a distinction to be oServc-d

!etween orgatiiztion and disciphnii g,' ty ? The gcntlcm i from Franklin, and a propriety in committing the Int. j wishes to implant th principles of miltr to the care of the Federal Coi.gre. itary enthusiasm iu the yauthful men. The correspondence on this subjrr t be-1 and to blow those principles into a tweentheUto Secretary of War and ! tlame in the breast of manhood. Ifthi the Governors of the several ftatesj be necessary , (and 1 do noa sny that it proves this proposition. It is admitted ' is not) It t ptoper mi ans be rned. Iy?t

by them all, tlvit there is something tvrong in the system, hut the great dif ficulty lies jn Cnding tho remedy. The bill before tha Hcce conflicts with our constitutional rights; if the govern ment has provided arm1, why call upon tho Citizen to arm himsf If! Our judgment of law is from iti consequences; and if it be argued that the plan proposed produces a partial good, we answer that the attendant evils greatly outweieh. At this vcrv time tht re in

boforc this House the bill to otlect a hcanty pittatvc necessary to support measure ardently desired bv the people himself and family for the public, than of this state, (tho Wabash Canal) toiitis tor anothr r, tv ho may have ample commence which, w are called upon means within his power then indeed I to pledge tho faith of the state, in the ! will acknowledge that the requisitions firft instance for a sum not short of '2D0,of the bill are juet and equal. Hut this 000: and for its final completion, must ! i" r -t the fact. The militia laws ope-

multiply that amount; a bill too for the. I rate equally : for it is the poor class in construction of a great and expensive jtommonity apon whom either in peace thoroughfare through the whole extent jor war, the burdeu principally falls, of the state, (the Michigan Uoad:) and j In peaco, tho wealthy eon, nod generalshall we superadd to the burden of these j I) do, g t cloar of the drudgery of the great cntcrprizes, the faxes imposed by i soldier und in war it is the poor

this bill th expn'0 of enHiii the people out four or five times a yenr to muster? Let us survey the expenses in the train of this measure. The Adjaniuenera in answer io a can maue upon him ny the Legislature at former session, ha reported the militia thir ty-five thousand strong; computing the tirnu of a private per slay, nt fifty rents, there is a total Ins to the people of the state of 70,000 per atn.um, or the sumu amount of revenue would be raised from the minimum fines a ronideration which prepondeialcs against every item of good to ho gleaned from the rstem. But wlut avail these boasted benefits tho iHte,-though oach roiliti.v mm were at fcerfect as a cadet from Woil Point, of veriod in tactics liko u regolar soldier? It i oil ia a time ol war the property of tho genernl governmcnt,and used for its advantage aud protection. Wayno county, said Mr. S. pays $ ZQO par annum into thctrcasury of the state; there arc in that county ?rn corscientieus citirens from vvhcTu

jlVuM'! vrouhf wung $1 COO .more for

jthe hvi.c lit of seminaries ; and the griev tiricc is greatly enhanced frcm tho facl that this money is distributed through the state, for tho equal benefit of part? where not a cent o! the same bifid i raised. Gcntlcir.cn have been alarmed! at the liccnciousr.css prevailing at oar election?, bm arc net the grosser appetites more indulged in at muUers? They are the common scenes of riot and dfbauchffry, and in their very nature demoralizing. Some evident ne cessity should exist for its countenance, or else it is our obvious duty Jo lay our hands opon the institution. Mr. S. hoped the House would indulge him with the ayes and noes on this question. Mr. Steele was followed hy Messrs. Trafton, Lemon, and Wallace, who all opposed his motion; when Mr. CHILD said: In rising to oppose the passage of the bill now before us, I do not expect to detain the House with a lengthy argument. I am sensible that in mj opposition, I shall have to encounter prejudices of long standing, and a phnlaur of thoso who have and still do halieve that the glory 4nnd interest of our cotintry depend on cn increase of the services of the mm-Cl-4otstij But unawod bv n fear of that op '.position, 1 will give n.few cf tbc reasons which induce me to vote against the ibill. It is a principle I believe to iwhich n!l will ayree, that whatever decs not tend to procnot'i the general good, ought to be abuudened as it ouht cvpr to be rule in legislation to pursue those mca.ures, which ate cal'culated to benefit the whole and not a part only. I admit that a well regulated nd organized militia is the paliadiJum of icpublici but I do not believe Ithut, by increasing the nomber of mus Jters under our present military system, this regulation can bo accomplished. The object of the friends of tho bill !;eeios to be, to discipline the militia. T1jj ltj provisions promote tins obJectt No sir. For if we take a view of . C .... . . dioll f.rv,! iim uiiiiii vii uni etaii; - v. cuuu unu tlit no improvement in military tac lici, has been made iu ten years, and for this er) obvious reason, the 6oldier !: particular inducement to learn. The soldier like otlwr teen, acts frcm mi tvfi and in crdr to induce him to j btcouie acquainted with the military art, ho must have something to stimulate nil amuition, ana win u.i be accomphihed by calling him out to do duty tor the public, without an adequate compensation! Shall I be told that the powr uum has a compensation for the time he may spend in learning th: military ai t iu the protection which he re ceives from the community vhtch icquires of him us i: ch support as the rich man receives i. iii the communithe youth be ii.stracted. Create fund to arm and equip the poor soldier and not require more of him than yen do in proportion of the rich. Shall I be told that the militia law operates equal ly that the rich as well rs the poor have equ;l rights to defend and cf ccarse th;it each chiss m justice ought to be called upon to perform equal duties.' If time is of mo value, if it is no more burdensome for one man to spend that time in which he has to earn the i whoso bosome must breast the shock of battle. If this be u fact and that it is 1 fear no successful contradiction, are the provisions of this bill jnst? and further, are they expedient? 1 contend that they nre neitbir. They are unjust, because they impose burdens on one class in con inunil) , of which unothcr class is. exempt- They are not expedient, be-J cuutf experience hs clearly proved tnat increasing the number of musters doc 6 not nor will not advance the knowledge of thu military ait. If this l6i position bo not true, why lot me ut-k do we see our soldiers ou muster days armed with club und cornstalks? Why do wc see in everv part of oor state such a want of military diciplinc? Not because the militia arc not called out otten enough, but it is for the rea boui I have btloro mentioned. Tho soldier linds no inducement to spend his lime lor the public, when the pub lie manifests no disposition to rcmuner ate him. It is vniu for gentlemen to I fell us (ha-t the r-vr rs po Rtror.e

in the bosoms of soldiers that in tirr c (f peace they will willingly consent t0 e driih?d liho regular eoldiers, v.iilr,,r any compensation. Thai they consent merely to please some, who

wish to show their military plurrcicn muster dayg,to leave those cmploymtJ(. which are necessary to enable thernto gain subsistence for themselves llJ families, and give thir services to the public. I do not contend that it is cr.- '' necessary to keep our militia inasta'e I of .organization. This I believe to highly necessary. And this is all would do. This, .says the gcnllcrnar, from Franklin, is all he wants, and jet he is not content with the number cf musters, authorized by the present lar, but contends that there Tinst be an ir. 1 crease of them. Sir, could I believe that, in order to keep up an organrn. tion of cur militia, it was necessary t3 make an additional call upon the soldier--I wonld vote for the bill. But when I look into the situation cf some of the other states of this Union,! find they arc not only well organized and equipt, but well disciplined ab;. And is this done by the means cf numerous musters No Sir- It is because the soldier receives ecrr.e remneration for his services, aod nlthoi::; C to be sure that remuneration is r.c; lrzri yet it gives an impetus to his feelings, and he willingly compl.es with the requisition of the law, and cf course retains in hi memory those Irssons impressed on his mind on days devoted to military improvements. Mr. WALLACE replied; The remarks of the gentleman frcm Washington tiave surprised ne much. I d.i not expect to hear uttered on this llcxr, the common slang whang of the designing derffagogue. The lamentable c sedition of the poor man, the hardships which he is exposed, are presented I v (he gentleman in the ir.ost glowing colors, in the foreground cf tho picture. He makes an indirect charge agaiasttLo plumed gentry ns he is pleased to tC him j-uate3 that they are interested in 6 ,cssing the poor man, in loading him dowp with unnecessary bcrthens. to aggrandize thcmsolvr. Ti poor man fights the battle of his cei.n try, performs the drudgery cf carrp? and drills: tho gentleman wears t;e plume and enjoys the d:5'.ngc:s:.cj privilege of commanding. VVher2!::c

he aks that the poor man may bo ei p empt, that the oor man may be favoured. In short the poor man has been tl.itheme of his discourse from beginnit. . to conclusion. Had the gentleman frcai U Washington only taken upon himself D the trouble of looking back to tho cri-

gin of his plomed gentry he wculd nc4 ij have uttered euch a philtipic pgaiesi them. Has not every man who hnstbc fj honor of wearing n plume in iho coun- 0 try, been raise! from the r.TT.? Ard e who raised and who plumed him? Gc-r-tlemen enly? Had tbc pcor man 10 p voice in speaking him into distinction? c

i o?, sir, he had: and his voico tra'-k Clod, wa3 as potent ns that of the richest nabob or the finest i:cnt!cman in te n'cctintrv. And dees it fcllw that bo c:ue a man wears a plnmc he is mvc?sarily richer nnd more of n gentb ro :t than those who elected him? I weniJ scorn to admit it; efBre cf every cription in this country is v.i.hin ib? reaihcfall; be they Hgh cr law, !-! or noor. Had tho question boon with the people of my cOur.Jy; is he rich or is be poor, I should not have had thv honjr of occupying the plnco 1 now uc; nay, nor of wearing a plume at the i.en of a regiment, on a muster dav. Jrr. for that matter we arc all poor; and 1 consider it an ir.5ult to suprcse h' because wc aec s, we are destitute o? spirit, or to be degraded in our own estimation. I tir.derstnnd tho cer.'lo

man, however, perfectly, the cry i r tended to catch the favor of the pr pu! i: breeze; he rightly irragiees th::t the I class whose condition he deplore?, ai i whose c.at:c he So pathetically advocates, is Ihe most numerous. Art! j therefore, the more likely to advance

him in I. is ambition? views. 1 wcrL j gladly meet the gentleman on the field f of principle, end thera contend vn !i I

him but to enter it with the whinir f

of the demagogue, I never enn corner ,t I

to. He has contiasted the nrlitia ci '

our stato with lhcse of the New l'o : and States he has Culoni?cd the i.ilm in the warmest term". Ds he nv. '." bv so doinj: to degrade us win h i '' not found it convenient to pv u passing compliment? Why ; it ''- we nre so far below medirity ! Ar-o the people of this state inferior to psople of olher FtatesT io ri the same laws allord us IiLo , 0! -nitif , and we would eruulously ftrivr : rival them. The very examples tlo gentleman lias referred to, cleaily ' ! convincingly prove thnt cur prev-at''' litiu luws, aro insufhcieric. He li'lls ' ' so himself, ho labours to s'iow tlu tha additional musters wo a-k for wci;navail us nothing would ce;'f r!,"'r nothing towards improving ti f - i' I'neof th-c militia. Vol s; '-'

I

i I r i ( t 0 c I i; b s a