Western Times, Volume 1, Number 17, Richmond, Wayne County, 20 December 1828 — Page 1

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f ff pi ys, yi jlsfe W ES3Hfj . TDITCO, & I'lDMSHEtt. UV 8. SMITH, AT CFNTREVIILE, WAYNE COUNTV, iJlMAxT. " J"-" ' ! TOL. SAS"QrSDjL79 E333iK233 20, 1SP.5. HO. 17. 1

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PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. ri, j , , , On I ticsdny, the second day of December, lo2'i, the Pi undent of the United States transmitted, to , , ., , . '

nodi nouses oi congress, the lowing message: TP THK Sf:VTC AM) HOt'St: OF RFrr.KbF.NTAT1VF.S or THE I'MTLn STATES. trllox Citizens of the icnrjt and of the I louse of Iicprctn:,tfnes ; If the enjovrnent in profusion of the bounties of IVovider.ce forms a suitaIde subject of mutual (ratulatiori and grateful acknowledgement, we are ad in mished at this return of the season, when the Ilepresentativrs of the Nation are assembled to deliberate upon t cir oncern, to cfler up the tribute of f rveiit and graetful hearts, for the never ferhug mercies of Him who ruleth cv- r all. He liu again favored u , with healt! ful seasons and abundant harvests, lie has sustained u in peace with foreign cour.ti ies, ord in tranquilit) within our holders. He has preserved ti- in the quiet and undisturbed p. o-sion of civil a:,d religious liberty, lie has crowned the year wah hi good n s, imposing t.n us t o other conditions titan of itr.pr vit g for our own happi if-j the blessings bestowed by hi hand; and jn the fruition of all hi favors, of devoting ttic faculties with w nirfi w; have bet n endured by him, tohi3gl.r? mikI to ojr cm temporal and etrrn d wilfare. In the rt l.tti.'i.s rf oar Federal Union with our brethren of the I. iinm race, the change which havo occuircd since the close of yo-irh' t KEsion, have gent fully tend d to the preservation of peace, ai d to the cultivation of harmor.y. B foie jour last fparntion.a war hnl unhappily been kindled between the Lmpiie of Uus-ii, one of those with which out intercourse has Km t o other th.in a constant exchange a" good ofii rf, ;;.J lit at of tbc Ottoina;, Pcrtc. n.ttiou from -which gr ographical distance, r. bgious opinion, and maxims of govtn,mea -n their part, little suited' to tile fji motion of Ihcc b-nd of mutual benevolence which result from the hen. cut- ofcoaimercc,hTd kept u in a state, perhap too much prolonged, of col iI '-s ai d alicnition. The extensive, f rtile and populons deminions of the! S-iltan, hrloi.g rather to the Asiatic, i in, the Furope.in diviion of ihc hu 'n-)-i family. Tiiey enter but partiallv ! tlie 5ft:n) of Furope; nor have r wars with Kuia and Austria, Foropcvi St it upon which the for trore than a cnJurv past. ' V-,-' pacific relations of those ; - f olhr r great Fo.vers of ' ; 'h-r France, nor IVu sta ; : ' ' : : - cv.t taken part ?: ; I !- li ' ( v arcted (bat ' c.i : a ;r Uaj-i i i,as received the , , ai r,y ;r quiescence of her ;1 i. , and tie may indulge the hope that its ptugr s and termination will be sig. leiiiz-J by the moderation and forbearance, no less than by the er.crgv of the Fn.p.-icr Nicholas, and tint it'will afl'rJ tho opp,itumiy for such collaterhl agency in behalf of the eufTering Git eke, as will secure to them ultimate l the triumph of humanity and of freedom. The state of our partinjlar ndatirns with France ban scarcely varied in the course ol the. pie-ent year. The comun.icidi imerccaiCfe between tfiC two countries has coiainued to increase for the mutual Lcneht tf bath. The claims cf indemnity to i.u.nl ei of our fellow citizens for dvpiedation upon their property, hcrctofue- c n. mated, during me ivt oiunonaij vjoveimneiits, still remain unadj'.:;ted, and till form the lubjcct of eari.cn H MCi'i,tation at;d rcaiuiistrance. Kefe,t ailvi-f fiom the Minister of the United Stales at Fans encourage the expectation thai the appeal to U.e justice of the French Government will tie long locene a far.ible Cciisideiation. I le I lit ti n ndly expedient has been revolted to tor tin; tl-cii. of the con tiovtrhy ual, G,e;,t Britain, rdalin;: to the iN'oilh Kasieii, boundary of the f ''I bated htafe-, By ;rrtniei.t with .the Biitisli r;v rnmi ia, canvieginto elh tt the p!oib n3 of tl e fifth ;nti(le of the In aty .t (,!, nt, and the f.mrn tionof'JJth bipfcm!.. r. If.;, hi. Ma"Sty thi-Ki:- ,f ;!... Netl.f rl.u .is ha cc trmntj t nr'.-'.r.t I r ' i . . ai

I' h "mJ,irc between the parties. The 'proposal to liitn to accept the designa !tim for the performvri.e of this friendh .Uice will be made at an early day, and tbc United States relying upon the ju-tice of,ll'dr cause," will carefully Icoaimit the arbitrament of tt to a

lol-jl'rinte emiallv dist inguished for the iu dependence of his spirit, his indefatigable niduilv to the duties of his station, and his indelible personal probity. Oar commerci d relations w ith Great Britain will deserve the serious consideration of Congress, and the exercise of acowiliatory f d forbearing spirit in the policy of bold Governments. The state of them has been materially changed by the? net of Congress, parsed at their 1 Session, in alteration of the several net imposing duties on im ports and by acts of more recent date of the British Parliament. The ell-.-ct of the interdiction of direct trade, com menced by Great Brit tin, and reciprocated by the Urited Statt-s, has been, as was to be foreseen, only to sub-titute different channel for an exchange of commodities indispensable to the colonies, and profitable to a numerous class of our fellow citizens. The export, the revenue, tne navigation of the U. S. have sutfercd no diminution by oar exclusion from direct access to the Bi itish colonie. The colonies pay more dearly for the necessaries of life, which tbeir Government burdens with the charges of double voyages, freight, insu rance and commission, and the profit of our exports are somewhat impaired, uid more injuriously transferred from nc portion of our citizens to another. The resumption of this old and other-wi-c exploded system of Colonial exelusion has net secured to the shipping interest of Great Britain the relief which, at the cxpen.-e cf the distant colonies, Sc of the United States, it was expected to affard. Other measures have heen resorted to, more pointedly bearing upon the navigation of the United State, and which, utiles) modified ly the c ii'trurtioi) given to ihe iccrnt acts ol Parliament, w ill be. manifestly incompatible with the positive stipuia tions ef the commercial convention enstirg b-!r;cen the two countries. That convention however may be terminated with twelve months notice, at the option of either party. A treaty of Amity, Navigation and Commerce, between the United States and hi Majrtty the Emperor of Aus tria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, ha been prenared for signature by the Secretary of State, and by the B.iron do Federer, instructed w ith full powers of the Austrian Government. Inde pendently of the new and friendly re - tions which may be thus commenced w ith one of the most rmiaert a d eriul nations of the eai t!.. th o t has been taken in it, in of'. r re Treaties cf tH.lu led hv the- U. i.t riiates, to cxiemi those pnru nt eral intercoure and of f.ir ! t ipr -;ty w hi h intertwine with the e hanir :r of commerce the principle of jij-t e, and the feelings of mutual bene.' -lnnr

This system, fit it proclaimed In the tiroi;, ia a son: T determined purposeworld in the firrt commercial treaty ev-jfor the d, . snlion of justice. 1 have er concluded by the Urdted States, that ' much ph. at -- in informing Congress of Cth February, 1772, with France, .that the fsiiilmentof tnis honorable has been invariably the cherished pol-!p--.i-.ie no'v in progress; that a icy of our Union. It is by treaties of , -m ll y ". ;ion of the claims has already commerce alott'j that it can be made en s . iled, to the satisfaction of the

ultimately to prevail as the established system of nil civilized nations. With this principle, our fathers extended the hand of friendship to every nation of the globe, to this policy our country has ever liacc adhered whatever of reguhith n in our laws has ever been adopted unfavorable to the interest o ar.y foreign nation, ha been essentially defensive and counteracting to similar regulations ol thcii's operating against u. Immediately aft r the cloo of the war of Independence, Commissioners we're appointed by the Congres of the Confederation, authorized to conclude treaties with every nation of Europe disposed to adopt the m. B -fore the wars of the French revolution, such trratieA hd been consumatcd with the United Netherlands, Sweden, and Prussia. Dating thoe war, treaties with Great Britain and Spain had been elFected, and those with Prussia and France renewed. In all these, rme conce ssions to the liberal principles e.f intercourse proposed by the United States had been obtained; but a in all the negotiation?, they came occa:icru'dlv in tclliticti v. ith previous in-

ternal regulation?, or exclusive aud ex eluding compacts of monopoly, with which the other parties had been travelled, the advances made in them to wards the fic.edom of trade were partial and imperfect. Colonial establishment, chartered eompmies arid sin p auilJing inil.ience, pervaded and encumbered the legislation of all the great commercial State?; and the United Slates, in offering free trade and equal privilege to all, were compelled to acquiesce in many exceptions with each of the p .riie to their treatie s, accommodated to tlviir existing laws and anterior engagements. The colonial system, by which thi whole, hemisphere w as bound, has fall en into ruins. Totally abolished by revolutions, converting colonies into independent nations, throughout the two merican Continents, excepting a portion of teintory chictly at the northern extremity of our ow n, and confined to the remnant9 of doj-inion retained by

- Grat Britain over the insular Archi pelago, geographically tt:e appendage of our part of the gl )be. With all the rest we have free trade even wiih the iuular colonies of all the Europe an ations, except Great Biitain. Her Government had aUo manifested ,.p-1

proaches to the adoption of a free and j they have been a-c itained to torm tl.e liberal intercourse trtween her colo-: hasis of an estinw.-., amount to eighnies and other nations, though, by a teen millions six hundred and thirty--udden and scarcely explained revul- three thousand nine hundred and eightion, the spirit cf exclusion has been tv dollars and twenty seven cents,

revived lor operation upon me Uuited iStatesalonc. The conclusion of our last Tieaty of

Peace with Great Britian was shortly ; hundred and eighty three (h ilars nnd afterwards fallowed by a commercial forty cents, form an aggregate of reConvention, placing the direct inter- ceipts during the year, of twenty-four course betwekn the two countries upon millions and ninc-u' four thousand 'eight

a footing of more equal reciprocity ttian ; had ever betore been admitted. Ihe same principle has since been much farther extended, by Treaties with France, Sweden, Denmark, the Hanseatic Citie, Prussia, in Europe, and with the Republns cf Colombia, nnd of Central Auu.f icn, t!i ieri)i'phrc. The mutual abolition of e!.-; rimmating I duties ana charges, upoa me navigation and commercial intercourse between the parlies, is the general maxim which e.haiat teiiZ' s thein all. There is reason to expec t that it v: i!'. at no distant period, be aJopted by ; . cr nations, both in Europe and Amen ca, and to hope that, by it" universal prevalence, one of the h uitiul sources of wars of commercial competition will be extinguished. Among the nation upon whose Governments many of eur fellow citizens have had long pending claims of in demnity, for depredations upon their , pert v eluring a period when the t of ricutrd run uu rce were eOsie garded a t!'...t of l) ':.:i.ark. They v.'ere, f'li.ii nfier the v: '- occurred. the '-abj ts n a ?j.ec-:' . -:io tioni th- United State, a' ti e -jzi' of " hirh United State, a' ti "?.':r;uice was give1 tn ni , I) t;ii-h j Maj"tv, that, at rt ;. n;u oi tivie tran j quilitv, ati J of h: di-.ll -,, they would ! he con-i Jerei'. ex itniaed, and decided elaim ants; and that we: have reason to Ir pe that the remainder will shortly be placed in a train of equitable adjustment. This result has always been confidently expected, from the character of personal integrity and of benevolence which the Sovereign of the Danish Dominions has through every vicissitude of fortune, maintained. The general aspect of tin; ahVirs of our neighboring American Nations of the South has been rather of approaching than of settled tranquility. Inter nal disturbances have been more frequent among them than their common friends would have desired. Our intercourse with all has continued to be that of friendship, and f mutual good will. Treatie s of commerce and of Boundaries with the United Mexican States have been negotiated, but, from various succet-ive obstacles, not yet brought to final conclusion. The civil war which unfortunately still prevails in the Republic of Central America, has been uupropitions to the cultivation of our commercial iclations with them; and the distentions and revolutionary change s in the Kc publics of Colombia and of Peru, have been seen with cor-

dial regre t by us, who would gladly the nation. The extent of the prosconti iiuite to the happines of both. It perous commerce of the nation must

is with great satisfaction, however, that we have witnessed the recent con-tla-i jri of a Peace between the Governments of Baeno Ay res and of Brazil; and it h equally gratifying to observe that indfmnity has been obtained lor some of the injuries which our fellow citizens had sustained in the latter

ol those countries. I he rest are in a (average. A relaxation of the iutertram of negociation, which we hope j diet upon the importation cf grain and may terminate to mutual satisfaction, jfiour from abroad has ensued; a preand that it may be succeeded by a jpitious market lias been opened to the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation 'granaries of our contry; and a new

upon liberal principles propitious to a great and growing commerce, already important to the interests of our tr;The condition nnd prospects of the revenue are more favorable than our most sanguine expectations had anticipated. The balance in the Treasury on the first of January last, exclusive cf the moneys received under the Con vention of 13th November, 182C, with Great Britian, was five millions eight hundred and sixty one thousand nine hu dred and seventy two dollars, and eighty three cents. The receipts into te Tr urv from the firt of January to the HOth nf SfMifninlipr last er far as which, with the receipts of the present quarter, estimated at five millions four hundred and sixtv one thousand two hundred and six!y three doltars and sixty seven cent-. The expenditures may probably amount 'to twenty five millions six hundred and thirty seven thousand five; hundred and e leven dollars and sixty three cents, and leave in the Treasurv on the first of January next, the sum of five millions one huu,Jred and ttventv-tive tnoiand six lnuiIred and tliirty eight dollarr, fourteen cent. The receipts of the present year haver amounted to near two millions in , re than was anticipated at the comK'ncement of the lust session cf Congres. The amount of duties secured on im portations from the first cf January to the 30lh September, was about twentytwo millions nine hutidred and nin. ty seven thousand, and that of the estimated accruing revenue is five millions, leaving an aggregate for the year of near twenty eight millions, this is one mutton more than the estimate made last December for the accruing revenue of the present year; which, wiih allowances for draw back anil contingent deficiencies was expected to produce an actual revenue of twenty l.wo millions three hundred thousand dollars. Had these only been realized, the expenditures of the year would have been also proportionally reduced. For of these twenty-four n.'. lions received, upwards of nine millions have been applied te the extinction of public debt bearing an interest of six per cent, a year, and of course reducing the burdtn of interest annually payable in future, by the amount of more than half a million. The payments on account of interest during the current year ex cecd three millions of dollars; presenting an aggregate of more than twelve millions applied during the year to the discharge of the public debt, the whole of which remaining due on the first of January next, will amount only to fifty eight millions three hundred and sixty two thousand one hundred and thirtyfive dollars, seventy eight cents. That the revenue of the ensuing year will not fall short of that received in the one now expiring, there arc indications which can scarcely prove de sccptive. Io our country, an uniform experience of forty years has shown that whatever the I ardl of duties upon article? imported from abroad has been, the amount of importations has always borne an average value nearly ap proacbing to that of the exports, though occasionally differing in the balance, sometimes being more and sometimes less. It is, indeed, a general law of prosperous commerce, that the real value of exports should, by a small, and only a small balance, exceed that of imports, that balance being a permanent addition to thewealth of

be regulated by the amount of its exports; and an important addition to the value of these wili draw after it a corresponding increase of importation!. It has happened, in the vicissitudes of the seasons, thai the harvests of all Europe have, in the late summer and autumn, fallen short of their usual

.prospect cf reward presented to the labors of the husbandman, which, for several years has been denied. This acces-ion to the profit of agriculture in , tte middle and western portions of our Union is acciden'ai and temporary. It may continue for a single year. It may be, as has been often experienced in the revolutions of time, but the first of several scanty harvests in succession. We may consider it certain that, for the aporoaching year, it has added an item of large amount to the value of our exports, and that it w ill produce a corresponding increase of importations. It may, therefore, confidents be foreseen, that the revenue of 1829 will equal, aud probably exceed, that of 1 E28, and will nfJToid the means of extinguishing ten millions more of the principal of the public debt. This new element of prosperity to that part of our agricultural industry which isoccupicd in producing the first article of human subsi-tance, is cf the most cheering character to the feelings of patriotism. Proceeding from ei cause which humanity will view with concern, the sufferings of scarcity in distant lands, it yields a conr!atory reflection, that thi scarcity is in no respect attributable to us. That it ccrr,cB fiom the dispensation of HIM who ordains all in wisdom and goodness, and who permit- evil itself only as an icst run-rent of gor-d. Thaf, far from ccntributing to ibis scarcity, cur agency will be. app'.i d only to the nlleviatkn of its severity; and that in pouring forth, from the abundance of our own garners, the supplies which will partially restore plenty to tho.-e who are- in need; we shall ourstlvcs redue our store?, and add t the pnee of our own ! bread ; so as in sonn d e to partici pate io the w.rt- wh ' it will be the L'ood fortune o' our couutry to relieve. The great interests of an agricultural, commercial, nnd manufacturing nation 'are eo linked in union together. that no permanent cauc of rrcsperity to one of them can operate w if bout er, tendingitsinfluer.ee to the c ;i.e: A' these interests are aiik.. u-al r tho protecting power of to le?!-a!;ye . -thority ; and the duties C ih : rep r ?: -tative bodies are to conciliate ti cir. i:: harmony together. So far as the t -ject of taxation is to raise a rcver.u" i:t discharging the deb and (h-i"ra iiv.r the expenses of the cmn:r:t;ify, i: should as much as possihh; suit ti e harden with equal hard up a'!, ia pieportion with their ability ot' bearing it without oppression. But tJ: e :c!,itionofone nation is soi et.nicii i::: -tior ally made to bear L ;.vi!y up ), the interests of another. Ttic !":;! tion, adapted as it is meant to ho, to the special interests of it J own ptc-j lct will often press most untqu iliy npoti the several component interests oi i:? neighbors. Thus, the legislation of Great Britain, when as has recently been avowed, adapted to the depression of a rival nation, w ill natural!) al oon i with regulations of interdict ui en the productions of the soil or industr y of the other which come in competition with its own, and will present encouragement, perhaps even bounty, to the raw material of the other State, w hit h it cannot produce itself,, nnd whtch is essential for the ue of its manu?-ctuies, competitors in the maiket of Ihe vvoild with those of its commercial riv. 1. Such is the state of commert ial legislation of Great Britain, as it bears neon our interests. It excludes with interdicting duties, all importation (except in time of approaching famine) of the great staple productions cfour middle and western States; it proscribes, w ith equal rigor, the bulkier lumber ni d livestock of the same portion, and also of the Northern and Eislernpart o! cir Union. It refuses even the rice of the South, unless aggravated with a charge

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