Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 25, Number 45, Vincennes, Knox County, 29 November 1834 — Page 1

dhow sjaoSf

VOL. 22V. E70. C3. BY ELIHU STOUT.Main Street Price TWO DOLLAKS per year, payable in advance; TWO DOLLARS FIFTY CENTS if not paid until the expiration of tbe year.

f

From Ike Catholic Tdrgraph. in tlio next. To this, faith constantly re- cess of Vincenncs. We therefore ordain iox Gabiual, by the Grace ol I God nntl calls us. Christian hope points stedfastlv, that these letters are and shall he inviotho appointment of the Holy Sec, Ilish- charity refers every thin?, making it ever j late, valid and efficacious, that they have opofVinccnr.es: tend towards the "one tiling necessary ,M J and retain their full and entire force, and

i o all the faithful of our Diocess, grace be. unto you from (Sod the Father, and the peace of our Lord and Saviour Jcjw Christ. HfnnviiD Crethukx Divine Providence sends me among you j a the first Bishop of the', newly erected UK-cess oi ir.eenncs, through the. unani- bo inouseall of the Bishops, assembled in council ri Iialtimorc, last, year, and the appointment of the common Father of the Faithful, Gregory XVI. the Vicar of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ on earth, us expressed in his Bull of the (Jth of Mav last. Unworthy as I am of so great an honor, and of myself unequal to the j marge, inv oniy irusi is in vjuu, ana merelore earnestly calling lor your prayers, that I may obtain his divine assistance, I . come to do vour chict pastor, l come to be a first link m the succession of those j no, lor ages to come, we (to so trust in God, arc destined to attend, with their coopera'ors in a divinely instituted ministry, to your spiritual wants and those of your future progeny. When you are thus entrusted to our care by the great Shepherd of our souls, the warning of tho Apostle of the Nations, to us and our successors in the same rhargc, in the bosom of the Catholic Church, is to be received with the sacred mixture of fear and confidence that it ncr , m I 1 cessaniy creates "lane heed to yourselves and to all the flock over which this Holy Ghost hath placed you Bishops to rule the Church the God, which ho hath purchased with his own blood."' Saying "yourselves and all the flock,'" the divine Word, my brethren, forcibly marks, that the interest and duty both of the pastors and the llock ere the same: to live in the same obedience and fidelity to .heir Lord and his Church, himself hav-1 ing made it. arc inseparable allegiance; - to embrace his law, receive his grace, and Kavc together their souls for the life to come. For, my brethren, every day tpent on this earth, makes us draw nearer and nearer to our eternity, and that judgment of God that awaits every one of us. Amidst all the anxieties and distractions of the present life, a last day is approaching! Death will soon bid us go and leave all the occupations, pains and pleamrcs of this world to be shared by other passengers, like ourselves, passengers of a day ! Death will have soon called us to "stand at the tribunal of Christ," to receive from him the sentence of condemnation, happiness or misery, thro' that immense eternity. Yes, beloved brethren, that one common interest and purpose cements our union in Christ : to save together our souls. To reach heaven and avoid hell, is our common aim; to live a good life and do pen ance, (for who needs not penance') our common duty, giving glory to God, and cherishing peace with all, our consolation on earth; "faith, hope and charity, these three thing," must prove our whole treasure, as they are the nly certain pledge of real and lasting happiness. Such, my brethren, is the whole object seal of our union in Jesus Christ. He came to save us on the Cross, we will trust and serve him as our Lord and Saviour He taught, lirt, his divine doctrine, then instituted his Church, to preserve it unrha.TTable to the end of time; we will, the pastor and the flock, with one heart, follow his doctrine, obey his only true Church the sacraments of his grace: and, above all, tbe Eucharistic sacrifice, e w ill ever consider as the richest legacy of bis love, established by him for our Meting, therefore neither to be neglected nr abused our lapti-m we will faithfully remember; in penance, through sincere confession and contrition, we will sock the remedy of our sins; in communion, the support and joy of our souls. Addressing thus our Catholic brethren, we toilet not that portion of our llock uhich unha;pv contentions, misleading tim.' n.i;t their ancestors, separated from their common Mother. Happy to see themdailv forgetting those times, and in - cliuing, v.e hope, to come and enjoy w i;h u all the mean; ordained tor our salvation, baking upon us as the only ministers of Christ and the dispensers of the mvsteries of God. We will not cease to claim humbly and rffectionately from them th:U confidence from which prejadice or misrepresentations cannot keep lonf estranged hearts of good will, men f good sense. Let them be at least conHiCCu mat sincere ioc uuu ujM hj4 1.1 . . I wards them areduties which we mean n ver !o forget. As for ihe interests of society, cur ma - istrates and officers of all kinds watch mer them, under provideuce, and the will . f (iod. manifested by that of their fellow citizen, sanction their authority, true rehcion bv the voice of the Apostles having - .'. . m proclaimed Irom the beginning tho ac tiiy and industry of our citi.ens are alive en all sides in these so rapidly impro ing cot) itries, to promote the wotu lerful biasings bestowed on the land by theCrejitnr It i. religion, however, that most

effectually cherishes, supports and tanc j on the south, directly from Fort Massac,! Texas in general is a prairie country, tions all the obligations, all the occupa-! let a light line be drawn through the eas- having all the streams skirted by timber, tions, cf good men. Her pastors have j tern boundaries of the cduntiesof Johnson, This is more particularly its character afthem all equally at heart, sharing w ith ; Franklin, Jefferson, Marion, Fayele Shel-j ter passing the Trinity, and as you adthtir worthy co-operators in all the legiti- i bv, and Macon, to the Freat Rapids of the i vance to tho northwest the prairies are of male iov and sorrows of the llock. Our ; river Illinois which arc eight miles above j vast extent. But in the grants of Zavala,

t.ravcr w ill only be, that they be all sane ..r.'i r ii,; ; il... will nrrtnd-that boih nil its labors and all its cent, be equal - Iv directed by men to secure their reward

the salvation of our souls.

Your Bishop, beloved brethren, entering thus on his holv dutv, begs humbly and earnestly your prayers, and entreats also fervently, the God of Mercy to bless you; to fill you with that spirit of peace, chari ty and piety, which has the best promises both of the present time and of the life to ty and piety, which has the best promises come. Jesus Lhrist said, "I am the way, the truth, and the life,'' may he ever find the pastor and the flock his faithful followers, and receive them together in the kingdom of his glory. May he give rent to those who are gone before us, your departed friends, for whom we shall henceforth unite our pravcrs to yours, csnecialiv ai ine aivine sacrifice With you, wc shall honor the SaVifaJ who reign triumphantly in heaven, cl for their protection and that of theOAwJ lor their protection and that of theCW gels to whom, says the divine Word,Vbjo Lord "hath given charge over us, to keco keervw us in nil our wavs." We place our Ca thedral under the special protection of St rrancis Xivier, the whole Diocess under that of the glorious Mother of God, the Blessed Virgin Mary, towards whom it was in all ages the spirit of the Church, that all Christians should entertain the most tender devotion. Beloved brethren, "we are the children of the Saints,' as wc pass on earth to go and meet them in heaven. Permit me, then, to conclude with these few words more of the divine scriptures: "The grace of God and Saviour hath appeared to all men, instructing us, tliat renouncing inimiitv .mil world I v df'Sirrc. vn should 1 ivn ! soberly and justly and piously in this ' world, wailing for the blessed hope and the ; coming of the glory of the great God, and j our Saviour Jesus Christ, ... a people acceptable, pursuing good works he who shall persevere to tho end shall be i saved . . . the grace and peace of our j Lord be with you." Given at St. Louis, the day after our consecration, 20th 8th month, 1831. fSLMON, Bishop of Vincen.nes. From the same. OF THE SEE OF VINERECTION CENXES. When the Secof Baltimore was erect cd, the first in the United States, in 17S0, Bishop Carroll, in a short account of the state of the Catholic Church in this country, to which it is now so interesting to revert, inserted a full translation of the Bull of Erection; and that just monument of the kind remains on that primitive page, a testimony of the perfect harmlessncss, in a temporal point of view, of those main acts of the exercise of the spiritual power of the common father of the Faith-1 ful. The same has since been repeated in equally simple terms, as often as new Catholic Sees have been erected. To many, however, it re ay be gratifying to see the act of erection of tho newly created See of Vinccnnes, embracing Indiana and the eastern part of the State of Illinois. The translation is as follows: "UKEUOKV XVI. SOVEREIGN rONTIFF. "for a perpetual memorial. Among the vcrv groat and weighty cares and anxieties which continually burden and harrass us in the government and administralion of the universal church entrusted to us by divine providence, the most urgent assuredly is that which regards tho state of all the dioccsscs throughout the entire world: fr in us it belongs in virtue of our

supreme power and judgment, to establish j Steven F. Austin, the fulfilment of his unthem, to determine and change their lini- dertaking. On this gentleman's arrival

its, as times and circumstances, and espe cially the spiritual good and advantage of

the Faithful appear to require it. Since,; the revolution being accomplished, and a changes and commotions in Mexico. The therefore, by the united suffrages of our '; new order of things established, he deter- agitated wave is calmed before it reaches venerable brothers, the Bishops of North j mined to proceed to the city of Mexico, ! a shore so distant from the places where America, it has seemed very fitting, in ; and there renew the proposal of introdu-j the storms arise. The disturbances which order to extend and strengthen the Catho-; cing settlers into Texas. The result was took place two years ago from outrages lie religion in the Province or Slate of In- j the passage of a general coloniz-.it?laOicommitted by the military have all subsi diana, to erect and establish, with certain ; authorizing particular districts of ci'ntrvfded, and quiet long since restored. At prefixed limits, a new diocess, whose See ! to be assigned to contractors wli&nifaOcut there is nut a Mexican soldier in Tex-

in'shill beat the city of Vincenncs, we have referred, for examination, a subiect of so much importance, to the congregation of; ; our venerable brothers, the Cardinals of ; ! the Holy R mnn Church who are placed over the concerns of the ronaganua. Having, therefore, weighed all things ma turelv, and considered particularly the:

spiritual good which would accrue to the! and laid the foundation of the extensive people of those countries, by the advice t settlements now existing in Texas. But and counsel of the same, our venerable . others soon followed, and Zavala, Burbrothers, wc arc assured that the establish- net, and Vehlein were equally successful

. ment of tins Diocess and l.piscopal e j would be vcrv useful. Of our own will, inereiore , anu oi our . l-i uu:i miuh hu-i-, .1 r 1 f ... . I- ... ... and in the plenitude of our apostolic powj er, we, bv these letters, do erect and cs- ; tublish in the Province or State of Indi - ana. in North America, a new Diocess, of w Inch the See hall be the citv of in ce

tines; from which city the Diocess shall tPrn line of Vehlein and Burnet's, and emceive it title. The extent of the Dio- braces the rivers Brassos and Colorado.

re ' cess shall be the State of Indiana and one ........ . . . - part ot Illinois, the other part to be at

taehed to the Diocess of St. Louis, so that! from our borders, and all of good land. the limits of each Diocess in the State of! But the settlements from the Sabine to tho Illinois be determined in the follow ing Colorado being continued and nearer to us manner: Beginning from the river Ohio. (are better known, and can be described

! w hich separates Kentucky from Illinois - ! the tow n ot wttawas, in tne county oi j,a Uallp. and hence to tho northern boundary it,t iim ivrciern nnrtof the State of Illinois belong to the Diocess ot I bt. Louis, and the eatteru part to tho Diu -

that each and every article specified bv us.

be strictly fulfilled, and thus, as aforesaid, be without authority judged and defined, by all ordinary judges whatsoever, and even delegated auditors of causes the Apostolical Palace, and the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, withholding from each and all of them any right to assign a different judgment or interpretation; and that if any such be attempted knowingly, or through ignorance, by any one, whatever may be his authority, the same shall be null and void. Apostolic constitutions and ordinances and all other things to the contrary notwithstanding. Given at Home at St. Peter':, under the ring of ihe Fish erman, the (th day of May, 1S31, and in the fourth year of our Pontificate "ror Cardinal Albana, "A. P FICCIIIONI." From the Acw York American. TEXAS. This interesting country, at the present moment, attracts so much attention, and calls forth so many inquiries, that we nrc assured we shall render an acceptable service to the public in presenting the following information derived from a source of accurate personal knowledge. Under the Spanish dominion, Texas was a separate province, occupied by tlfrce military posts, La Bahia, St. Antonio de .Bexar, Nacogdoches; and settle ments of Mexicans were formed

i ere formed around siann. a considerable to where, a )00, and at NacoWMo of c into villages of aboun through

each, which grew into at Bexar, of about 3000 rlnrhp n nd .:i IVihi-iintu .r00 and 200 inhabitants. This number has not increased, and forms at present nearly the amount of the Mexican and Spanish population in Texas; an addition of 1000 would include the whole. The country at larc. in all its bcautv and fertility, was left i unoccupied, except by the wild horse, the deer and the buffilo; all of which, ti midst luxuriant natural pastures, have multiplied to an extent almost incredible. An intelligent trader among the Indians in the interior regions of that country, upon being asked, how many buflalo he had seen in om herd ? replied, one million meaning literally what he said; but it may be restricted to a declaration, that they could not bo counted The deer are still more numerous, and that noble animal, the horse, roves the country in gregarious masses, with all the pride and majesty of his ancestors. The progress of population has not diminished the number of cither, but only limited their range. Texas was but little known to our countrymen, until seen by the gallant bands who entered it, in aid of the patriot cause at different periods cf the Mexican strug gle for independence. They saw a coun try equal to Trance in extent, intersected with numerous rivers running hundreds of of amiles into the interior, producing in its va rious climate and soil, all the commercial staples of tho whole American continent. They brought home this knowledge, and gave an account of its beauty, fertility and salubrity : and many were tempted to seek an abode there, in spite of the prohibition of the then existing laws. Foremost in this cnterorize was Moses Austin, who. about twelve years tunce, ob-. tained from the Commandant at Bexar, permission to introduce settlers, repaired to the United States to procure them; but ' dying on the route, left to his son, Colonel at Bexar, he found 'he commandant disposed to comply with his engagement; and j undertake to populate the country. This ; law hid the foundation of a system which was made more liberal and extended by i that of the Slate of Coahuila and Texas;' j under which were made the grants which have been the subject of so much enterprise. Austin was the first to begin colonizing ; in their application lor lands. 1 hev ( lected the district of country immediately , wi nuuuuarv line m me uuiieu ouuu?, iKn 1 A J !! T .!.. l':i..J Cl.l King between the Sabine to the cast, the St. Jacinto and Navoste to the west, and , the Gulf of Mexico on the south, running I north about 300 miles. Austin's settle- - 1 ment is contiguous, and lies on tho wes Grants have been made toothers in differ . -.i - cm sections oi ine country more remote ; with more certainty. - iuroti, uuu 'iiv.utu.u kui pin rioand more of woodland. They abound ! in Itcautiful natural meadows of dimen , eions from one to fivo hundred and a thou - : sand acres, producing a luxuriant herbage

at all seasons, but have a large proportion !

of woodland without under growth, afford- j ing fine pasturage, and presenting tho ns- j pect of splendid lawns and parks prcpar- j cd with the taste and labor oi high culli-j vation. On some of the rivers, the Brassos for instance, arc dense forests, but they arc never found on the high land;. t The mildness of the climate is sucli that no provision is made for horses, cattle, hogs, nor for any stock on a farm. Natures ample store is sufficient throughout the year, and at all seasons they fatten on the natural pastures; of course, they mul

tiply rapidly, and Texas may be called the j Commissioner the colonist takes an oath paradise of animals of the inferior order; : to support the constitution and laws of tbe and to man it is the land of promise. j country, by which two acts he becomes a That splendid plant, the Indian Corn, : citizen. There is no tax on land nor any grows throughout in perfect majesty al-i other property, and the emigrants are almost scorning the aid of the hand of man. I lowed to introduce all articles for their From the gulf to an average distance of j own use free of duty. 70 miles, the country is level and formal the sugar district. At this point, about j From the Monthly Republican and Libra-

the latitude of 30 degrees, the surface becomes undulating, and wheat, rye, and oats, can be raised; and one degree further north produces abundant harvests. Cotton is cultivated from the gulf to the Red river, and yields largely, with a staple uniformly good; and near the gulf in length and fineness of staple, it approaches the Sea Island Cotton. This is the great crop of Texas, and even ai this pe riod equals 10,000 bales. Sugar has for; many years been made on the Trinity, wunin ehiein s grant, and the cane ripens several inches higher than in LoniTobacco prows luxuriously every and may become an important articxport. I ho grape is universal bout the country, and in great vari ety and sweetness. In Vehlein's grant an attempt has been made to cultivate the na tive vines, and the experiment has shown that wine of the best quality can be made ; from them, and we may promise ourselves j at a nnure day, to nave American wines from this country rivalling those of Europe. But there is one remarkable character which it possesses over the country within tho same latitudes in the United States. It is without swamps or marshes. What i ever insalubrity you find, arises from the j inundations of the Spring season, and of course is confined to the rivers; and this ceases when you go about the flat country. A country so inviting is of course rapidly settling, and it is estimated to have at this time a population of 3,000 Anglo American. The law of the Gth April, 1S30, which prohibited the citizens of the United States from settling the country as colonists being repealed, they are now going in and receiving titles to the finest lands in the world, at prices so low as to; enable the poorest to acquiro a large farm, And a further inducement to emigrate to mis ueuguuui regiojr is neiu oui Dy me taw now in operation forminy Texas into a j " - rj separate judicial district, with a Judge of ability, a native of the United States; and an organization of courts similar to our own. 1 he proceedings are required to be in the English language, and the right of trial by jury secured in all cases civil or criminal. By another law it is declared that no man shall be molested on account of his religious or political opinions; thereby securing the rights of conscience and religious freedom. These two liberal laws were passed at the last session of the j State legislature, and the first bv the federal Congress, and approved by President C I I . St. Anna; showing fully the fricn "y feelings entertained towards 1 cxas by the State and National authorities. AH is now quiet throughout the republic. i Texas is never affected by the political j as, and it is more than probable that none will ever be sent thero: certain! v not beyond what may be necessary to the revenue. The population of Texas is rcmarkv?

good for a border country. You canrhnj croaching upon the sea, in another, it is expect to find there the refinement and j carried into the ocean, and gives place to courtesy of older communities; but the ! a bay or harbor. Volcanoes are pouring virtue of hospitality is no where more ; fourth from the depths of mountains, meltmanifest. Those who imagine that Tex-! ed lava, which, by a sluggish but a power-

as is without the higher requisites for social intercourse are greatly mistaken c-1 r rotn the Jsaoine to the Uolorado.flnd irom I . t .-a a i ' the Nacogdoches road to the gulf, embra cing the colonies of Austin and those of; Zavala and Vehlein, good farms arc open - cd, comfortable houses erected, many of

them large and commodious, and inhabit- j up islands from its depths. In some ined by as intelligent and respectable fami- j stances, islands have arisen out of the sea lies as any country can afford. Many vil-. in a night. lages have sprung up, exhibiting a grow-j The general order of time in which the ing commerce with its universal attcn-1 earth with its furniture and its inhabitants dants, refinement and luxury. But this ; came to its present form, is safficiently early and rapid advancement of Texas ' manifest Irom the only authentic history

will not seem strange when we reflect that 3000 Americans arc there occupying a fertile soil, under a genial climate, and with their accustomed energy and enter prise are developing the resources of one of nature favored regions It may be well to add, that the mode of acquiring lands in the different colonics is simple, and the titles made secure and in ilec. i he assignment ot lands has been

to persons called Empressarios, (contract-J forth grass and herb yielding seed aucr ors,) who stipulate to introduce a certain ; their kind, and the tree yielding fruit afnumbcr of families within a given time,; ter his kind, whose seed was in itself af-

- 1 and no person can within this period ac - j quire lands m the district of tho Emprcseano without his consent. Thi3 consent'

is obtained by a certificate, stating the I

family received, and the quantity of land allowed them, which is presented to a com missioncr appointed by the government for making titles, w ho immediately orders a survey, and upon its return, makes a deed to the settler, and the title passes direct from the state to him. The law allows a married man to have not exceeding a Sitio, equal to -1 128 English acres; and a single man one fourth that quantity, with a privilege of extending it to a Sitio when he gets married; and a foreigoer marrying a Mexican woman is entitled to one third more. On receiving the deed from the ry of Entertaining Knowledge. CHAOTIC OCEAN. The first well established fact worthy notice, respecting the history of our planet, is, that there was a time when it was one vast ocean; without a continent, an island, a mountain, a rock, a metal, or a particle of solid matter upon its surface. It contained indeed, the elements of all sol id substances, which now appear so beautiful, so rich, and so various upon its surface: but they were in a liquid state they were dissolved by heat or water, or more probably by both Whatever might have been the agent or agents, which dissolved and held in solution the rocks, islands, mountains, and continents, now eo firm and so lofty upon our globe, the fact is denied or doubted bv no one, who has resorted for information to cither of the two great volumes the book of nature, or the book of revelation The sublime and interesting account found in the first chapter of Genesis of the cre ation of our earth, is grounded upon the fact, that it was once a vvt and general ocean. Such it must have been w hen it was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters, and commanded dry land to ap pear. ihese statements imply, with i clearness little short of a direct declara m mm tion. that there was a time when our earth was a vast deep one great body of wa ter when dry land had not appeared. The interesting fact, bo clearly implied in the book of revelation, is fully corrob orated in the older volume, the book of na ture. The ocean now holding in solution manv, perhaps most of the ingredients which constitute the solid and rocky mass es volcanoes which dissolve the body of j mountains, and pour them from their j heights in a liquid form, so as to lay in ruj ins tnc taircsi plains ana cities below i loda heaiitifidlv studded with rrvstn! ( ri 'j - - - ' J j and mountains intersected by scams of '.copper, tin, silver and gold bear constant j and infallible testimony, not merely to the possibility, but the certainty, that the most polid substanceg were once in a state of solution, and that our planet has been shaken to its center by the war cf its elements. History of the past, and observation of the present, unite their testimony to the fact, that the changes the earth has undergone since it came from the hand of its Maker, have been constant, and to a great f - w 'r''B'l'L'WhVM shall be put upon the word day, as used extent gradual. Whatever construction ; in the only htstorv we have of the creation of our earth, or however great might have been the charges it suffered during the six days there mentioned, no one can deny or doubt, that great and constant changes have taken place upon its surface since the period there referred to. The changes 'to which it is daily subject at the present time, must be visible to the most careless observer. The gradual but powerful and irresistible hand of time, eren in thi short space of "three score years and ten," sometimes gives to extensive districts a new aspect and a new character. In many situations, rocks are constantly forming, in others they are in a state of decomposition; in one case the land is diilv enful and awful momentum, carry destruc tion in their course, and bury flourishing cities in ruins, giving no warning to flee from their danger. While in one case mountains are throwing from their sum ' mits their own contents into the valleys i beneath, in another the ocean is throwing ; we have of its creation, from reason and j from observation. The first step which : was taken to change the original chaos in to a convenient dwelling place for living, acting and intelligent beings, was tbe formation of dry land. That was necessary t to provide for the accommodation of ani j mal and vegetable life. When provision was made tor the existence and support of I the vegetable kingdom, "the earth brought i ter his kind. n The creation and continued production of the vegetable kingdom made provision

for (he animal. Then the earth brought

forth cattle that walk upon the earth, fowl, that fly in the firmament of heaven, rep. tiles that creep in the dust, and fishes that move in the waters; and each after kit kind. But the tenant for whom tho earth, with all its productions of animal and vegetable life bad so richly provided with furniture of a thousand kinds, was no. yet created. His creation was to clos this august work pf the great Architect of the uoiverc. Man was not formed and placad upon the earth, until the earth was fitted for his reception, his convenience, and bis happiness until two great lights were formed, one to rule the day, and the other to rule the night, and the stars also until the waters which were under the firmament were divided from those over the firmament and gathered together in one place, and dry land appeared until grassjierds, and trees, yielded seed ani firuit after their kind, and cattle, the fowls of heaven, every creeping thing, and every living creature which moves in the waters, were firmed, and made to produce others after their kind, and put in subjec lion 10 me ioru oi we tower creation. Such is the general order in the work of creation, as learned from the Bible, from reason and from observation: and vet we have the strongest evidence, that this order was not strictly and minutely pursued through tbe whole process of brin ging the earth into the state in which it is ny w presented to our view. The whole of the mincra! kingdom, all rocks and me tals, soils and mountains, were not completed before the creation of the vegetable and animal kingdoms were commenced. So far from it, rocks, soils, and metals, are daily forming at the present time. In many instances, vegetables and animals are deposited in solid rocks far below tbe surface of the earth. Nay, while mountains of a great height, and 100' of mile ia extent, arc composed of little else than the relics of animals. The greater part of these animals were evidently different kinds of shellfish. But fishes of the kind that can swim, are also found enclosed in solid rocks. In one instance the relics of one fish were found in tbe mouth of an other, apparently in the act of struggling for his freedom, when both, captive and captor, were suddenly arrested, and confined , where they closed their struggle and their lives together; and were afterwards converted into stone. In another instanec, one hundred and sixteen drfTerrcnt kinds of fish were found petrified within a short distance. It has been-re marked, that fishes had probably met ia general assembly, and were taken mthv act of legislating. In excavating the section of the Erie ca nal at Lockport, after descending twentr feet in the solid rock, several rattlesnakes were found with the whole form, though in a state of stone, almost precisely retained. At the same place, and nearly the same depth, a toad was taken from tbe solid rock, which, when found, was ia a torpid state, which he had retained perhaps for thousands of years; but when exposed to air and heat soon gave indications of life, and after a short time gained strength ta hop; but after a few hops, closed his existence for ever. Not many years since, in the vicinity of Paris, f here was found embedded in solid rock, and forty feet below its surface, & board several feet long and eight or nine inches wide. At tbe same place a hammer was found, the handle of which, with the board, was petrified, but the hammer being of iron, retained its natural state. These are a few instances among thou sands which might me mentioned, to prove that the changes our earth has undergone, have been gradual and constant, and that minerals, rocks, and soils, and even mountains, have been formed since the creation both of the vegetable and animal kingdoms commenced, and even after man was farmed and had made some advancess in tho arts of civilization. Indeed, no one can doubt for a moment, who has paid the least attention to the subject, that our globe has Ieen subiect to constant and important changes from the time that the materials of which it is composed were formed out of nothing, until the present. And these changes which come within our knowledge, are so great, as to afford strong evidence that the earth could not have existed for a much longer period than that assign ed by Moses. New Wobk bt a Jocrxetx ax Pbixtb. The eastern prints notice a work, which has just been issued from the press of the Harpers, entitled "Odds and end from the Knapsack of Thomas Singularity, Journeyman Printer; edited by Henry Junius yoU." This work, by one of the craft, is said to be highly graphic and humorous resembling very much the novels of Smollet. CU. Bern. JnUUigcncer. SALT MOUNTAINS. Mr. Jefferson's statement of a Gait Mountain, was a subject of ridicule anion the editors opposed to his administration. But time has fully proved that he was correct. Fischer states that there is a salt rock at Pinoso in Valencia, composed of solid masses of salt, as hard as stone; in, . some places white in others red and in others gray. It extends two leagues from cast to west, without any variety in ita component parts. Love. At three years, we love ocr cithers ; at six, our fathers ; at ten, holidays -at sixteen, dress; at twenty, our ewec! hearts; at twenty-five, our wives at fcrty" our children f U rixli ctatdrtai '

f "