Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 24, Number 26, Vincennes, Knox County, 27 July 1833 — Page 1

BY ELIHU STOUT J VZISTCBmTBS, I&.) SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1833. VOL. 2ZSV. SIO 26

C!ic C&cotcw Sun

IS published at $:J 50 cent, fur 2

charges or taxes upon them for the payment of the public debt and accomplishing the objects cf the Union. Indeed, the rule

number.-?: which may l'j discharged tv nrcscrioeuin tne grants tor covemmir the

the paviiwnt cf S'i at the time of jjubscri-j distribution cf the common benefit, is in-

bin:

IVrmcnt in advance l.ein tiio mutual

interest of both parties, tnat mode u soli- mcrftal law of thc Uuitcd

citet

A failure to notify a wish to discontinue at the expiration of the time sub-scribed for will be considered a new emrae merit; and no subscriber at liberty to discontinue, until all arrearages are paid. Subscribers must pay the postage on tiieir pa Vipers when sent by mail. Letters by mail L5 thc 111 i tor on business must be paid, or nj'y will not be attended to. IV.otiiti: will bo received at thc rath mirkft price, for subscriptions, if delivered within the year. Aivet.iti:mcnts not exceeding one square, will be inserted three times for one dollar, and twenty five cents fur each after insertion longer ones in the same proportion. Q Persons sending advertisements, must specify the number of

times they wish them inserted, or they will j

ha continued until ordered out, and must be paid for accordingly. LIST OF John Murphy, Washington, lud. John Vantrees, do do. John Arbuthnot, Princeton, lud. John I. Neely, do. Thomas Cisscil, Mount Pleasant, Ind. Post-Master, Owl Prairie, Ind. Post-M istcr, liloomtield, Ind. Post-Master, Sandersville, Ind. PosA-Master, Owensville, Ind.

Pust-Mastcr, SlinkanPs Mills, Ind. Jesse Y. Wilborn, Mount Yeraon, Ind. Levi Price, Lvansvillo, Ind. John V. Davis, Carlisle, Ind. Isaac Onir, Merom, lud. Post-Master, Turmaifs Creek, lud.

compatible with any other conclusion.

When the grant of Virginia was made.

the articles ct confederation were the funda-

States. The

eighth article cf that instrument was in the following words! viz: "All charges cf war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defe nee and general welfare and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common Trcasu- j ry which shall be supplied by the several: Slaws in proportion to the value of all land within each State granted to or surveyedfor any person, and such land and thc bu'ilfs and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the TTnr jl Slates in Congress assembled shall from time to time, direct and appoint. " The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authoiity and direction of the legislutures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. Underthisprovision.it was the practice of Congress first to ascertain the gross amouat which it was desirable to raise by taxation and then to divide it among thc states according to the value of their lands respectively, informing each of the amounts which it became its duty to raise for the service of the United States. After being raised by the states, it was paid into the commviii treasury, and thence disbursed under the authority of Congress. In page 457 of the Journals of Congress, volume 3, is found the following apportionment of SlO.OuO.GOQ among the several states, viz:

lleilev, 1.

awrenccvilie

John C.

Post-Master, Palestine, III. Post-Master, ISoonville, Ind. Post-Master, Uockport, Ind.

111.

"Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New jersey, New York", Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire,

Sl.9J3.200 1,234,350 132.NOO 1,796,950 703,950 585,050 2,39,150

155,250

1 ,794.950 312,45tKv

Sio.oao.ooo'v

acquired all the public lands outcf Florida and east of the Mississippi, viz: 1. " It gives one-eighth of the proceeds of the public lands to a few States, w hen the compacts declare they shall be shared by all. 2. It prescribes thc "federal representative population" as thc principle of distribution, when the compacts prescribe the proportion of each state in "the general charge and expenditure." 3. It directs one-eighth of the net proceeds of the sales to be paid to a few states, and thc remaining seven-eighths to be paid to the whole twenty-four, when it was the understanding of all parties to thc compacts, their obvious meaning and the practice under them from the time of their formation to this day, that the proceeds of thc public land sales shall be paid into the treasury and applied to lessen the taxes levied upon the several states and their citizens for the general purposes of the Union. Mr. Clay's bill, therefore, is a palpable breach of the public faith, subversive of a fundamental law of the Republic, and, if passed, wotild, in a court cf equity, be pronounced null and void, unless the United States have power to absolve themselves from their own invited and voluntary contracts, and deprive the states of their reserved and conventional rights whenever it may suit the views of policy or ambition, entertained by the general government. We shall hereafter proceed to show that the disposition of the Public Lands, proposed by Mr. Clay's bill, will be injurious both

to the old btates and the new.

Til!

liable v

conditions.

IV We shall now

V pens ;

From the Gloue. PUBLIC LANDSMR. CLAY'S

BILL. further violations cf the comfiacts of ces aims. In our last number we showed that MrClay's Bill, instead of being in execution of the compacts of cession, begins with a pal-

j,z ot one of their fundamental

ilaii

show, that in other res-

Ilere we see the "usual respective proportions in the general charge and expenditure" referred to in thc cession of Virginia as the ratio of benefits to be derived by the several states from the ceded lands. Now, it was possible under the articles of confederation to pay to each State in money its due proportion of the proceeds of lajid sales; but it would have been useless t(Mfo so, because they would have bad to pay. u back again in another shape. By their gd? ingintothe "common Treasury," each state would receive the same ratio cf benefit by a diminution of the quota to be raised by her; and that such was understood by all parties

to be thc mode, and the only mode, m which

pects it is equally m derogation ot those t the common benefit was to be realized, there

compacts as understood by bcth Jiartics at is abundant evidence. Independent of a va-

thc time cf their execution

After unceremoniously giving away in its first section one eighth of the net proceeds of the sales of public lands, th Bill proceeds thus to dispose of the balance in its second section: viz.

riety of declarations, both by the states and Congress, the single fact that all rules made or proposed to be made under thc old confederation, were for the benefit of the "common treasury," and not of the several state treasuries, is conclusive of thc understand-

".1:ul bs it further enacted. That after ; ing of the parties at thc time.

deducting the said twelve and a half per

centum, and what by thc compacts aforesaid, has heretofore been allowed to the States aforesaid, the residue of the uett proceeds of the public lands of the United States, wherever situated, which shall be sold subsequent to the said thirty-first day of December, shall be divided a,mong thc twenty-four States of the Union, according to their respective federal representative population, as ascertained by thc last census, to be applied by the Legislatures of thc said States to such purposes as the Legislatures of the said respective States shall deem proper. I'rjvided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to the

)readice of future applications for the re

action ot thc price ot thc public lands, or

to the prejudice of application lor a trans

fer of the public lands on reasonable terms, to the states within which they lie, nor to

THE PUBLIC LANDS. Thc following extinct from the circular of the Hon. Nathan Guither, to his constit

uents, will be read with interest by the people of Indiana. This gentleman has a happy faculty of bringing subjects of importance home to the feebngs and interest cf the people. We bespeak a candid perusal of his remarks on the subject of the public lands, on the part of our readers: Indiana Democrat. "Much is said about the bill for distributing the proceeds of the sales of the public lands among the several stales, winch passed congress at the last nessiou, and was not returned bv the Preside nt.

This Bill proposes to tru e the states of ,

own land sales and we tell them they shall give us part of theirs. "Massachusetts and Maine, "and all the old states have sold and are selling the vacant lands within their limits for their ow n benefit, and they now claim the proceeds of the vacant lands in the new states also; not for the common treasury and general use of the United States, but for local purposes. "I am not for giving the lands to the new states. The Indian annuities, and expenses

of Indian affairs, ought to be met with the!

proceeds, besides replacing in the treasury what money has been taken cut to acquire them reduce the price, ai.d let the needy ct the old States who choose, emigrate and get themselves homes in the west. "The truth is, this Land Bill has neither

justice nor principle in it. -It has only one

object in view, which is to be accomplished by a double process. Its sole object is to promote the eastern manufacturing interest; and this it proposes to accomplish by throw

ing thc proceeds cf the land sales out of the treasury, and thus making it necessary to keep up the taiiff, and keeping up the western lands, so as to retard emigration to the west. In this way, Mr. Clay and his associates propose still to tax the whole people cf the United States for the benefit cf the manufacturers, and for the poor people of the east to remain there and work for them instead of reaching independent homes in the west. This is the iniquitous scheme; atid it is to be made palatable to the people by more iniquitous means. Thc statc3 where the lands lie. are to be bribed into it by being promised an unequal share cf the

proceeds ct land sales; and the old states

of thc emancipation of their slue. Wc give the following as a tpcumcn. It is the copy cf "a memorial cf thc delegates of thc planters cf Jamaica," addressed to Ministers. MEMORIAL. "We claim from the general govemT.enf, security from future interferon ;r with 'ur slaves, either by Orders in Cou'.cil.or any ether mode not recognized by our Is w. "Wc claim that sectarian Miv-ionatics shall be left to thc operation cf these laws, which govern thc other subjects cf his Majesty; and if those laws arc insufficient to protect us from renewed insurrections, excited through their machinations, wc be permitted to amend them. "We ask for such alterations in the revenue acts as shall revive our prosperity, by restoring to the colonies some part cf the income of their estates, which has now, anil

j has lomr, been altogether swallowed up by

the exactions ot the mother country. "It these reasonable demands are rejected, we call upon government to give us, without further hesitation cr delay, an equitable compensatirn for these interests, which it had thought expedient to sacrifice for the supposed good of the empire. "Should compensation also be rt fused, we finally and humbly require that the Island cf Jamaica be separated from the parent country, and that being absolved from her allegiance to the British crown, she be free either to assume independence, or to unite herself to some state by whom she will bs cherished and protected, and not intuited

and plundered.

Ohio. Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri,

Mississippi, and Louisiana, twelve and a half per cent, upon the pioceeds of the sales of the public lands within thei: limi-., in addition to what they are now enticed To receive by the compact, under which they

But even the possibility of making a dis

tribution of thc common benefits of the land

sales according to the rule laid down in

acts of cession in any; other mode than

paying the proceeds into thc common tr

ury, was taken away by the adoption of t

constitution. This instrument abolished the quota system of the confederation, atid for the supply of the common treasury, vested in Congress, without the aid or interference of the State Legislatures, the power "To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay thc debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare

of the United States; but all duties, imposts

and excises, shall be uniform throughout thc United States. Uuder this system it is obviously impossible, to ascertain what proportion of the revenue is paid by the citizens of each or any

stace, uie duties levied on merchandize lm

impair

the power of Congress to make such ! ported at New York, being ultimately paid

future disposition of the public lands or any I bv the consumers of the iroods throughout

part thereof as it may sec tit." the Union. It bcingimpossible to ascertain Not content with giving one eighth of the the "usual proportion of the general charge proceeds of the lands to a few of the states,1 upon each state," it is consequently impossiwithout the least regard to "the common ! ble to fix on the ratio prescribed in the combenefit," thc bid in this section, totally dis-' pacts according to which each state is to

regards the rule oi uisirmution Ci uie re-' spare m the common oenetits ot the land maiaing seven eighths prescribed by the; sales, and impossible to make the nccesco v acts of cession and provides a new one' ! sary apportionment preparatory to pay ing The rule prescribed by the compacts di- over to each state its due share in money. reets. that the. common benefit s!i ill be . :Iow then is each to receive its proportion of sh;ired by the several states, "according to ; the benefit? By paying the proceeds of the their usual respective proportions in tlu gen-; land sales into the common treasury and u-

crai charge and expenditure; but this sec-1 sing them tor the usual purposes ot the go

tion of the bill prov: les that the monev shall vernment. Bv this disposition they lessen

ire admitted into the union, tube itpplv.d to

some object, or objects of internal improvement, or education within the states. It also proposes to give the states of Mississippi, Louisiana and Missouii 500.000 acres of land each; Indiana, 115X72; Illinois, 20,000 and Alabama, 100. 000, the proceeds cf which were to be applied to objects of internal improvements within the states afuresaid, respectively, namely: roads, bridg es, canals, and improvement of water courses, and draining swamps, 5:c. "It provided for the term of five years, thc residue of the proceeds of public land sales should be divided among the whole 2-1 States, according to their respective federal representative population, to "be applied to such purposes as thc legislatures of the several states shall deem proper. "It is diilicult to tell on what principle this bill was founded. If the old states have a right in the soil of the new.tafter the payment of the public debt, it must be an equal right. If they have a right to any portion of the proceeds cf sales.it must be to an equal portion, or to a portion equal to their ratio of population. But this bill begins by asset ting unequal rights. Tt gives to the new states 12 J per cent, and then gives them an equal share with the rest. It proposes to give the new states, twice, thrice, four.

five and six times their due proportion. To Missouri, which from the number of her people by the late census would be entitled to only 120th part of the proceeds of thc land sales within her borders, it gives one eighth, or fifteen times more than her due proportion; so it is mere or less with all the new states. The old states have equal

rights or they have none. This bill does not

are all to be bought up by the premise of a I The following from the Gecrgii Journal

is ioo goou io ue lost i ne imganant practice cf advertising runaway wives cannot be excused either on the plea cf necessity, legality, expediency, morality, or decency. "Whereas my wife Kachael has tleped from my bed at. d board" is the st in ling form most used and approved ia this class of proclamation. "Klcped!! To give the proper effect it should be read elcfic-cd. It means to escape, to run away, and alwavs presents to our imagination the figure of a woman, with a child in her arms, jumping a fence clear, with a pack cf dogs in pursuit of her, set on by her loving husband. We could wish never to see another advertisement cf the kind. They arc aimed at helpless and often injured females, they cast a stigma on children who certainly have never offended, and they unavoidably wound the peace of a whole family circle. They no doubt often tend to perpetuate a separation that might otherwise have been but temporary, an'i even if it docs not prevent a re-union, it must be to bcth parties a subject of lasting regret. And all for no good. It is Questiona

ble w hether a husband ever paid a cent thc less for having advertised his wife; and thc probability is, that many hac, ia various ways, been indirectly losers by having done so. We wish all editors would with common consent exclude such advertisement, we can see no sufficient reason for inserting them; for the paltry sum usually paid can be no object with a class of men, now we hope ranking as a liberal profession; and

who know, so wed as Editors may be presumed to know what is due to private feeling and public decencj? If other papers could generally concur in these vievs we would gladly join them, in refusing all sueb notices from and after a stated time. If, however, others continue theprafirc, we, probably, shall do so too; but wr wish it to be distinctly understood by all whom it may concern, that cur price is Five Dollars, to be paid, invariably in advance." 17 What say you, Editors in Indiana? will you not insert advertisements of this kind at all, or, if you admit them, will yci do it under Five Dollars, cash in hand? Ed. Sujt.

pecuniary advantage where nothing was cx-

I pjected. Thus is the bill contrived, that by

a division ci theplunder, to make thc wist tributary to the east, cramp curgiowth and impair our dearest interests. Though the bill reserves to congress the right to reduce the price of the public lands, yet ict this system be once fixed upon us, and the same mercenary motive which now ii duces some eastern men to seek to enrich their states at our expense, will forever keep up the pi ice that the amount of their plunder be not reduced. But I trust there is virtue enough in the country, especially in Kentucky, to support the President in his retention of the bill. It is told you he would have signed the bill but for the want cf time. Believe no such

I tales. If time would have permitted, we

would have had his able reasons in his veto,

against this scheme ot wholesale bribery.

It is the most barefaced attempt made by the last congress, which it is thought was not

too scrupulous on other subjects, to effect

political and private objects by appeals to

the mercenary feelings of large portions of

the Amencan people, indeed, here thc et

fott is to bribe the people of the United

States to induce one portion by a prospect of pecuniary gain, to be unjust to another, and to buy the consent of that ether to the sacrifice cf their rights and interests. To the credit cf the representatives of the rcw states generally, they voted against the bribing bill. "In all those tilings, I have pursued the course promised by me befcie I was honored with your confidence. 1 have set my face

against all high taxes, or tariffs, for the benefit of the few, at the expense of the many; against all splendid schemes of conception atid monied influence in our public affairs. I am for a simple, plain and cheap government, which shall draw from us as little money as possible; protect cur l ights and let us alone. Government can never enrich the people by giving them money: for what it gives them, it first takes from them and a little more. "The people never get back all they pay, but a gi eat part cf it sticks in the hands, through which it passes. It should therefore, be their aim to pay no more than the

necessities ot government absolutely requires."

From the A". O. Mercantile .Idv. of Jnnc 27 INSUIUUXTION IN MEXICO. Bv private letters received by thc schooner Dorchester, arrived yesterday from Vera

viu, wciuie receiveu accounts ci an in-

iu the above

surrection

lir.d

conspiracy

according

be divided

federal representative

to their respective

population." Here,

vernment. ny this disposition they the amount to be collected from the

ot eacn state in the exact proportion ot the

people

therefore, is as palpable a violtlkm of the general charge upon them, be it little or

great, thus comp.ymg with the compacts of

.1 I

cession to the letter.

feet.

compacts as u the bill nad enacted that they shvuld henceforward be vuid and of no ei-

The cession of North Carolina, in which

Indeed, the ground may be boldly assum-! tins rule of distribution is laid down, was

executed in 1. 90, attcr the constitution had become the supreme law cf thc land. It will not be denied, that iC compact stipulates that a particular fcVIt shall be produced and there is but onepvS.ble moJe

ot producing it, that mode must as neces

s uilv be resorted to as if i

pi

land invincibly maintained, that by uuv bill, the compacts with the states by which alone the United Scates became the owner ; of all the public lands east of the Ms';s-ip- ' pi, are entirely abrogated. If it were a pri- j vate transaction, a id tae grantee of proper-. ty were so utterly to disregard and v0 Ha-. g'rantlv violate thc conditions of the grant, a court of equity would set it aside altogether1

and restore the pr. pern io uie e amui .

place. It appears that a disturbance had

taken place on the 30th tilt, in the neighbor-

secuic them equal rights, and therefore in J hood of Mexico, and that General Santa

the view ot those who think they have any, must be unjust. I maintain that it is a common fund, and must be used for common purposes The public lands were not ceded to the United States with any view that thc

j proceeds of the sales should be distributed

among the states; but that they should be applied to the payment of thc public debt. A reference to the cessions and subsequent acts of Congress will prove this fact. Therefore the states as political communities, have no right to the lands in other states, and the interest all have in them is to be found in their federal character, and not otherwise. The people cf Kentucky are a just people. Their vacant lands were as entirely acquired by the revolutionary war as were those lands of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois; and the whole once formed a part of the soil of Virginia. Kentucky, from the time she became a state, has been selling

out her public land?, and putting the pro

ceeds into her own treasury. What right

of

As wc understand the motive

and

condi

tions of the cions made bv the different

has she to sav to her sister states north

the Ohio, you shall not otdy suffer me to apply to my own use the proceeds of all the vacant lands lying within my own limits, but

had been ex- j "ou shall also pay me a part cf the proceeds

)i esslv pointed out in the compact itself. It ye-iir lands? Is this jus,.' Is not thc mo-

is, tneieiore. as much a part ct thc compact ; uc lu Uii- ulu mmi-i dim between the state of North Carolina on the soldier a fair item of the revolutionary debt, one side and the United States on the other, I and shall thc proper fund to defray that that the nroceeds of iho 1 m,l ,-r.lp.l he th ir ! debt be divided out in a manner never con-

states, it never entered into the conception state shall be paid into the common treasury ' templated by the federal constitution?

of cither of the pa: lies, that the states, m 1 and appiied to the usual put poses of the

their sep arate characters, were eer t re-' gov ern nent, as if it had been in express cxie b lck fro n the United States, either terms cue of the conditions of the cession. the 1 mds granted or any portion cf the pro- It is the only way in which the several states

ceeds. Every act of thc general govern

ment and the several states ui relation to those cessions, as well un.lcr the couttder.i tiwa as the new constitution, evinces, tint! the states were expected to be benefitted,) net by receiv ing lauds or nony from itie'

United States, but by u reduction et th

can receive their share of the common ben

ch;. "aC.coidiag to their respective and usual pn pinion in the general charge and cx-

I pei. hture. liete then are three points in which Mr. Clay' )ill is a palpable iolation of the cuuij pacta of cession by which th Uait.d States

'Reverse thc matter. Suppose ftiat Ohio

was nnw selling out all the vacant lands for her own benefit, and were to ask us to give her also a snug portion cf the money arising from our lands Would we do it? Should we think it jast? I think our Kentuckians would resent thc insolence of such a demand. They would never submit to it no never. It is just as unreasonable a thing that we propose to tnir sister states in the west. We Docket the receeds cf all our

Anna proceeded with a small force in order

to quell it a few days afterwards thc troops declared against the government, placed the General under arrest, and in order to give a plausibility to these movements, the leaders of the conspirators had published "that he was at their head." Fortunately, one of his Aids-dc-camp, who had made his escape, informed the Vice Presi

dent that he was not concerned in the conspiracy, but he was really a piisoner, and declaring that he would rather sutler death than prove in any way a traitor to his coun

try. 1 he belligerents threatened a movement on Mexico and Puebla, but the people rising cn w.asse, and both these places being well prepared to resist, they did not succeed. No information, however, being received from Santa Anna, there was some doubt and mystery adhering to the affair, wUen happily an express arrived from Puebla, with the welcome and joyful intelligence that the General lud escaped from those conspirators, who had pretended to proclaim him Dictator. We are well assured that Santa Anna was in no way concerned in thc insurrection, for on his escape, he repaired instantly to l'ucbla, where there was a strong forceplacing himself at their

head, he took command, and is now marching to quell the insurgents. This revolution and conspiracy, we trast, is now at an end, and we have no' doubt that the principal leaders in these insuirectiont-

ry movements have met their just reward, and such measures will be taken that the tranquility cf the country will be placed on a firm and sure basis. From thc Ac York Courier and Enquirer JAMAICA. We have received by the ship Orbit, from thi Island, papers tothe 19th ultimo.

! They contain nothing new, and arc, as is la j be expected - iciest as ever er. the subject

From the Frederick Herald. American Nankeen. Xath'I. F. Williams, Ksq. of Baltimore, has pcliely forwarded to us a piece of American Nankeen, manufactured at Patterson, New Jersey, from Nankeen Cotton, raised by Mr. Forsyth of Georgia. It is of a very superior quality, of firm and even texture , warranted not to fade, but to improve vvith washing, and in all respects to be equal to the India article. Two or three years only have elapsed since thc cultivation cf cotton suitable for Nankeen was commenced in this country by Mr. F. which, when manufactured, was rapidly bought up. Mr. F's. next crop was greatly increased, and thc cultivation has reached an extent which will enable the agent, Mr. N. F. Williams, BuaIv's

wnan, naiuniore, io suppiy tne rapidly increasing demand for this Nankeen, now not only the most fashionable, but admitted to be among the best articles for summer clothing. From thc .Yutional Intelligencer. GEN. WASHINGTON'S LETTER. The following extracts are from the letters of General Washington to John J.tyt contained in the life cf Jay. They form les sons of the pi cscnt era, which deserve the two fold deference. "August 15th, 1786. UI do not conceive wc can exist long as a nation withaut having lodged somewhere a power which will pervade tho whole Union, in as energetic a manner as the authority of the different stato governments extends over the several slates. To be fearful of vesting Congress,

stitutedas that body is, with ample authorities for national purposes, appears to be thc very climax of popular absurdity and madness. Could Congress exert them for thc detriment ot the public, without injuring themselves in an equal or greater proportion? Are not their interests inseparably connected with those ot their constituents. By the rotation of appointment, must they nut mingle frequently with the mass ct the citizen? Is it not rather to bq