Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 24, Number 21, Vincennes, Knox County, 22 June 1833 — Page 1

BIT SIiIHiJ STOUT.J vmoaisnNrES, (Ia.) Saturday, juicns 22, 1833. Vol. xsxv. i?o 21

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From tiik (iLour.. A HHIKF VIF.W OF THF. ADMIN IS. TRAlION OF ANDRFAV JACKSON. (CONTtXUED ) Internal I ufirovcmcntt. If the first term o general Jackson's administration had not been disunguishcd oy a single other act 'of a strong rr.a U,' hi- si inj taken bv him on the subject ot IsmiNKL Impuovkmests would alone have sjrbced to make it illustrious In reviewing the p3st history and re Cent state ot mis hranch of our affairs it seems difficult to realize the fact that liputi a subject of such magnitude, so tnuch could in so short a tion be effect ed by one m?n. Geocrd Washington, luring the whole ot hs administration, did not in a single instance recommend the adoption of any measures of that character to Congress; although he e vinced the patriotic interest he ook in them by devoting much of his attention to the promotion ol Internal Imptovcments by the States, and particular ly by that of which he was a citizen. The condition of the Treasury which equi red large loans at exhrbit.mt rites o! in terest, and the difficulties ia which the administration of the elder Adams was involved by the passage of the Adm and "Sedition Lws and other causes that demanded it utmost efforts in a frui'.'css struggle to piolon us existence, wett eufrn tent of themselves o prevent any sen'm encroachments in this resprc. during that brief period. The civil revolution of 1300, lounded on principles vrhollv averse to the prosecutions of works of Internal Improvement by thFederal Government, and tin watrhful vigilance of Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Ma diso-i, down to the period of the late war. aiJVd by the disphv of republican prin-cip-ts ailed torth by the attempts tore nc'V the charter of the first United States Bank and crowned by the finsl deleat of that mcasuie by the vote of that venerable pattiot George Clinton, all concur red to prevent any material advance in the establishment of those doctrines up on this subject, the subsequent prevalence of which afforded so much and so jusi cause for alarm It was at the peace that the foundations for their future suc cess wee so deeply and so Ivoadly laid as ultimately to secure for them a control over the actton of the government, which nothing but the strong arm, reccnily stretched forth for the relief of our country and its institutions from abuses, already Pnornious and in prospect temf. Sc. could have arrested Resides the scductive influence of a threat revenue, re suiting from the operation (in a great measure the reverse of what was anticipated) ol hih duties laid for the encouragement of manufacturing industry, there were not wanting auxiliary induce mcnts a rapid and extensive propaga tion of the principles under considera tion. The probability as well as the' jrencral imprrssionof the country, then was, that the time was near at hand1 when the Ftesidency, thus far confined to the men of the revolution, must pass1 into hands of the succeeding generation, j That this should bcct asnirants to that)

most distinguished of all public stations, was in the natural course of things; ondi as men are generally constituted, it was not very extraordinary that these aspiran'.s, instead of trusting to the steady and gradual formation ol public opinion upon this important subject, should flat, ter themselves with the hope, ( which the intelligence and sobtiety of judgment of the American people have thus far proved to be fallacious) that the prize could be secured by lurcing rhi mselves upon the notice of their lellow citizens. t hen commenced that race fo popu laritv, by means of magnificent schemes lor the improvement ol the already flourishing condition of our country, which were presented to the populrraze in the imposing forms of internal iiryirovemeni, a high protective tariff, a Uni

ted S'ates Bank: all being but branches of an all comprehensive American System the splendor of whicn, it as at a later period attempted to increase by taking under .hk protection and special patronage the newly csiablhhtd go vernments ol Sou'h America, that ?t mignt thereby be made to present to an admiring world a cordon of Rrpublics in . lose political connexion with the United S ates; as a counterpoise to the power concentra'cd in the Congress of Vienna; wiih other schemes of the same natuie In the prosecution cf that which is the imm.-diatc subject of remark, the first important step followed upon the heels cf the Hank of the United States, which itself the creature o constitutional en croachment, has always been the precursor of other. It received the form of an act which set apart arid pledged funds "for constructing roads and canals, and improving the navigation of water courses, in order to facilitate, promote and give security to internal commerce amnug the several states, and to .render more easy and less expensive thcrjpe,ans and provisions lor the common defence ' The strength necessjy to carry thU bil' through both houses was not wanting; but, fortunately lor the country, it was arrested by the veto of Mr Madison, who very properly held, that "the power to regulate commerce among the several States' "cannot include a power to construct road, and canals, and to improve the navigation of wafer courses, in order to facilitate, promote, and secure such commerce, without a latitude of construction departing from the ordi nary import of the term;" aiuJJhat to refer the power in question to thcAlausc to provide for the common defence and general welfare, would be contrary othe established and consistent rules of inter pretation; as rendering the special and carclul enumeration of powers which lotlow the clause nugatory and improper. The spirit which prompted this measure vvas reeuked, but far fiom being sub dutd by this salotuty intot position. It continued to manifest its poer and its purposes for a scries ol years, in the shape of resolutions, reports from De partments and committees, bills for survevs and estimates, and long and la bored speeches; until the doctrim s tfuy inculcated were claimed to hate become the established principles ol our govern ment, and hesytcm of measures they contemplated, the established policy ol the country. Eveiy one at all conversant with public affairs must remember that, (so 'flVctnahy had all real respect for the ttue Stite Rights principles been obliterated during the administra low the Clause n.iu-itnrt. nnrl i,nrnn,r ti ms of Mr M r.ree and Mr Adams,) ihosc who had heen mnsl ennsnir imnc n

mongst.'et, strenuous defender, had ! corruption ol the legis.ation of cong, ess, re.se 1 alt active opposition and were pre ! ?f 'hc ,c?,e a,sob,v ns of largesspared to aba- don thr Mruggle in despsir. C5 bo9lowrU ajnatc!y upon onerlion (a) Hut few nossed hc equisite nerve a,ltJ another ,of th? C?nt.r ' tlirotJfeU tlie

aj mu ievv possseu nc rq to present theoiseU-es as their earnest advocves on thr fl.-or of Congress; and when they did so, their gravest argoocnts were listened to as idle wind, or (0 In his great speech at Cincinnati, in Augost a large portion nf which con sisted of a phdippic against the M tysvillc veto, Mr. City, to show the firr sumption of General Jackson in pretending to mike the iitempt (then believed to be utterly futile) to arrest the headlong course on the subject of internal improvements, adverted to the contests which had taken place with reference to the power which was claimed over it, and wound up with the following fact: "I recollect perfectly well, that the last PT'-at struggle for the power in 1304, Mr. P. V. Harbour, cf Virginia, the principal champion avrui'ist it, observed to me. that if it were affirmed on that occasion, (Mr. Hemphill's survey bdl) he should consider the question srttlcJ. And it wjj affirmed." Tiiis, be it noted, was a early as 134. Volumes could not convey a juster idea cf the absolute, hopeles rvat "horse, foot and dragoons from which Andrew Jackson has rescued those who were friendly to the m lintenance of any thir, like landmar ks around lhe field of action of the general government. Contrast the statu of thinvrs in dicated bv this surrender of 'thc principal champion, with that in which the subject! was supposed to be left by Mr. Madison at the moment of his retirement from office. In an article on Mr. Madison's veto of Mr. Calhoun's Hank -bonus internalimprovement bill above referred to. Niles Register (MirchCl 1817) says, "It is riot probable that any bill of the sort will hereafter become a Uw of the United States, unlosthe powers of cingrcs are enlarged by ;ilucLir.cst c; t)t CQt

deiidedaslhe exploded vngaiics ol an obsoleto school The point of jutbdic

tion was inueeu rescued horn the prevail ing current by the veto of Mr Monroe; but even that was done at the expense of concessions which, in the opinion ol many, rendered the saving of little practical value. Fortunately for Hie cause of sound principles, the fancied security of those by whom this victory overthem had been gained led to such extraAgant and indiscreet avowals as had the'fffect of awakening the serious attention of the people. When they perceived the pas sion lor wild schemes ol internal improvement, to have btcome so rampant that, not content wih unlimited scope upon thearth, it was elevating its designs tojrjects cf Light Houses of the skies, they were at last brought to make the views of their agents in this respect ! the subject ol investigation. I he bold pretensions urged by those in power, and the measures they labored to accomplish underwent a close scrutiny in the next Prebidcniial canvass; and nothing could be dearer than ihat the contest which ended in the first election of Gen. Jack, son, urned in no small degree upon this point; and was in its result an expression of condt notation by the people ol the United States of the course which had in this respect been pursued by the late administration. Airreeablv to the first Pritnc!f.)l0 ?f T sys!tfn' .lhe ':,nu ence of this decision might have been expected to be acknou ledged by all branches of the government- It did not, however, produce the desired effect up on the legislation of congress On the contrary it onlv served to mnkcthe more manifest the corrupting influence of this specfah of appiopiiations :ho facility wirtwvvhicb contiess may, by the man !gement of skilful leaders and by artful combinations of local interests, be bio't to act counter to the general will, -and the utter int-fliriency of public opinion, unaided by the Executive, to arrest a systeqi of legislative measures which can be made so extensively subservient to personal ambition and to private inter ests In the very congress which was ihen elected, a series ol bills for Internal Improvements were passed, and others were rapidly progressing to matutity. which, setting at nought even those limitations that had been before respected, boUlly extended the long growing uur patiun over the entire lield They in vol ved the assertion of un unlimitt d pow cr of appropriations to objects of the most purely local character; and which, once established in practice, w ould rcn dcr an eternal drain of the treasury alto gcther inevitable. At this critical juncture, the eyes ot all sincere and enlightened friends to our J. .Bl.nc"c a,,u .ignten P0lltlCal System Who Were SangUlfiC V nough still to nourish hopes that it might yet be restored to its original purity an ! simplicity, were turned to the exercise of the President's power as their ast safeguard against the unconstitutional, corrupting and ruinous systcn:, with the confirmed establishment of which 'hey were threatened. They hoped for ano ther -dgnal manifestation of that iufiexible devotion to duty, that indifference to personal consequences, and tha' moral in tiepidity of which his life had affoided so many pru)f This hope vas not disap pointed He coincided with those who saw iti this species of approp iations not onlv gros inlracti .n? of the spirit of the tuc limitations of poer between the federal and the state governments, but the seeds of an inextinguishable national debt, the unavoidable and thorough ; instrumentality oi amo nous ano oesign ing men thus in eff ct bribing 'he peo pie with their own money. For theso evils there could be no compensation in the benefits of any improvements to which the system could possibly give rise; even supposing (which was not the case) that those benefits could not be attained in any other way. He did not hes itatc, therefore, to throw himself into the breach. His enemies for a moment exulted in, as they fancied, the madness of the attempt by any man, to sustain himself against the torrent of private and local interests which he encountered by his Maysville mess?ge They counted with confidence upon the total destruc tion of his popularity. But they were deceived The boldness, and firmness and marked integrity of the ac arrested universal attention The grounds upon which he had proceeded westatcd with frankness, and considered bjrtbe people with the liberality and justice due to a public servant whose devotion to the public weal h;ul been o'C-tried and never found wanting. The result has been in no sense equivocal 'Istrrxal Im PKOVKMENTS 3T THR FEDERAL Gov ernmbnt" is not now a conspicuous motto on the banners of political aspirants. The charm is dissolved, and the public mind do longer spell bound upon the subject The ground which has been recovered in favor of sound principles is secure, and if they have not yet been i o established to their full extent, pubiic sentiment affords an earnest that

they arc ip a fair way qf becoming Jo.-:with

The practice of squandering money out of the national Treasury upon local ob

jeets is effectually suppressed; the memorials and reports in favor of improve l ments without number, claimed to be of a general character, and into which there was a fixed determination to launch, without waiting even for a well considered system to regulate hc action of the government, have been attempted to be rcviv ed, the remonstrances ct the President against the rcBUmpticn of the subject, and in favor ol leaving it to the state governments until some ?dcquate constitutional proposition can be cstab lished, have been attended with a marked ; effr ct, not only upon the Icdcral, but up on the state governments; which justifit s strong hopes that the latter will ra pidiy add to the proofs dlrtady afiorded of their entire competence and petuliar fitness for the task, and that pub.ic sen timcnt will settle down decisively and peremptorily in favor of leaving it to them The impiovement of the country, in which all are interested, and to which no good citizen can feel inliflferent. instead of being the stalking horse of tho poli tician, will then be restored to its proper nature as an affair ot business; and its more rapid and successful, because moie economical, prosecution will not be the least conspicuous fruit of the change To the future historian of our Union will it belong, however, to trace tins service ol Andrew Jackkon to its most impor tant consequences; and by contrasting what will be with whatvu d otherwise have been, convey a just idea of the debt it has imposed upon all whose welfaieis dependent upon lhe success of our system, and permanence of our Union. (TO DK. cr.NTIM'KD.) THE SAC AND FOX HOSTAGES We understand, tfut a iepot having been received from Gtncral Clark, the Supciintendent or Indian affaiis ai St. Louis, in which lie expresses thopinion, that the Sac prisoners ni3y be restored to theii friends without affecting the interests or safety ot our citizens, and that their release would be peculiaily grati fvi.ng o the friendly Chiefs; and Kb o luk and his associates themselves hsv in solicited their discharge Irnm confinement, and fytiged themsclvts for their good conduct, preparations have been made "ToTheir return to their homes, We learn, that they will be conducted through the principal cities, with a view j to exhibit to them the extent of the population and of the country, its wealth, rcsoutces and means of defence, and to impress them with a conviction cf its strength and power, which will be pro ductive of lasting good consequences 1'hey will probably leave fortress Monroe early in the next week, proceed as far east as Boston, hence to Albany, BufTrlo md D. troit Their subsequent route will then be determined by the f-fiiccr hi ving them in charge (Voie. June 0. Tr AvrniNC, ox dits Uc Itissaid that ihe Vice President, after having j made the tour of New England with the j President, will go down the Mississippi, and see the great west' far tfie first time. We believe it x-Li The Hon Daniel Webster has sft out nna visit tothe western states. He will bo accompanied by his lady to Geiinesr.f e river. Stephen White, Esq formerly ot Sjkm is in Ids party. It is his first visit tothe West Wc advise the Nationals to treat him well. Mr. Cir.y is expected to visit New England in July or August, fie will not piobably leave Kentucky till tie hall have welcomed Mr Webster jo his do main, and shown him his fences It is Mr. Clay's first visit to the Eis. He vvill find the weather or the people quite cocl in that region. Mr. Calhoun, it is said, will visit the Virginia Hot Sulphur Springs this sum ner. Generally he nuliifiers will flee to the mountains for cool shades, but particularly to the sulphur springs Mr C ilhouH is a charming man in society, and knows better in his heait than io be a nuilifier- but what can he dof General Hamilton sits a month on lhe ccol edge of the Table Mountain. Col Dick Johnson, as the "workiaM call him, will not travel this summer, unless it be a Hying trip over the Ohio, to see how Judge McLean tends his crop. Judge McLean will visit all the state of Ohio, possib.y a little further west, and may probsltly come over the mountains. Hc does things very quietly. It is also said that the President of the U. S Hink will visit the western states this summer. Apart from all fair business transactions," Mr Biddleisaman of science, literature and fine ta$te. He has a considerable portion of a "magician' about him too. Governor Cass goes down to New England he is a native of New Hampshire, but no fire-cater. From the A. 1". Ccnmnrh!. BRITISH SHIP HIBERNIA. The Buenos Ayres paper oi the 30th of March, contains a derailed statement of the burning of this ship. Tho Hibcrnia sailed from Liverpool last December, emigrants for an Dicing s

and On the 5th or February. htn B

lat 4 40 S Ion 20 30, at 11 A M the sc cond iTuie was sent to the store room to draw off some spirits, and was preparing to return on deck, when by accident he stumbled, and the lighted car.dJe fell into bucket of spirits, which wbs instantly in a b'azc. In the contusion, tho bucket with liquid fire, was krocked over, end the flao.es spread in every direction. At I o'clock all hope cf saving tho ship vras abandoned and the b ats were ordered out; they were instantly filled and shoved off. The captain did not leave until tho flames burst through the hatches, when hcand the mate threw thcn'selves overboard; and were picked op by one of tho boats which had dropped ostein. Being; loaded almost to sinking, the boats now left the ship, as follows! the Jong boat with fifty three persons; pir.nace with seventt en. and the jolly boai with ten The captain took charge ol the longboat, the mate of the pinnace, and ihO boatswain ot the joily. boat, and proceeded to Pcrnambuco. Two con.pa&scs, a chronometer, sextent, a lew chaits.and a quadrant tiad been saved by a cabin boy, and a small poition of provisions. When they lost sight of the wreck, she was nearly burnt to the water 's edge and those that still survived were in despair cn the bowsprit, and other parts o the ship where the fire had rut yet reat.tr d; the scene was shocking and heait rrdmg No ossiaiauce could be icndt.cd them, ano they must ah soon ha'e nna down with the week The boats left her with very little provisions, and tfiat liltie dan.iigtd by sal: wa:rr. Some fresn water fad been saved, but this was carried c IT by the pinnace, which deserted l er companion in misfortune the jo ly boat had been previously scpara'cd ficrn her omsorts. The longboat had u.pdebut little progress on the 10th of February, by wnich time all in her were so debilitated from laiiguc sod thirst that they lost all hope, l he boat too was so very teaky that it required the constant attention of eight men to bail out the water On this day, a highly respectable gcntJtrndn, Mr Ridley, died from exhaustion and want of nourishment. On the lltha sail was seen, which) proved to be the Sotu3 this vessel took ofT the sufferers, and carried Ihem to Ilio Janeiro. In ten minutes aher, the ong bo-t sunk. The Sotus arrived at Ri, oti the 2(;th, and on the next day, the Isabella Irom the Mediterranean arrived with the crew of the pinnace. The jollyboat had not been heard of so that cl: of two hundred and thirty iw persons who were on beard, only sixty-nine were saved. Severed of the passengers were very respectable One ot ;hc gentlemen saved, lost 1500 The emigrants were to be immediately forwarded to their respective destinations. The cdi'or of the Buenos Ayrcs paper says, that it was painful to hear of the distressing circumstances which occurred when the Hibernia wasburnirg . parents endeavoring to save thtit children, and self-devotion in various individuals The English ladies at Rio formed themselves into working pmics and contributed greatly to the un'ortunatc females saved, by making up clothing, Sec tor them. ON THE CUTTING OF STEEL BY SOFT IKON. Extract of a letter to the Editor rcc the Rev. II. Daggett. lI take the liberty io communicate io you a tart whic h but late ly came to my kno-v ledge, and which I jude tray be of considerable use to the mecbar ics, and perhaps in philosophy. It may not, howevert, be new to you 'Mr Barnes (a cabinet maker of f his place) had occasion to rrpair a crosscut saw lobe used by two pervns, of a very haid plate, which wr.u!d rcquiie considerable labor in the usua: Wij ot filing He recollected ot haitg heard tiur tho Sfukers sometimes made use of vv-hat ho cal!.d a burr, to cut iron. He rh retoro made a circular piat- of sheet iron, (a piece of stove pipe,) fixed an axis io it and put it in his lathe, winch gave it a very powerful rotary motion. While in motion he applied to it acommcn file, to mako it perlectly sound and smooth, tut the file was cut in two by it, while it received itself no impression. He then applied a iecc of rock crystal which had the desired effect. He then put under it the saw plate which it in a few minutei neatly and completely cut through longitudinally. When he stopped the buzr he found it had received no wear from the operation and that he could immediately apply his fingers to it, without per ceiving much sensible heat. During tha operation there appcard a band of intenso fi-e round the buzz continually emitting sparks with great violence He afterwards marked the saw for teeth, and in a short time cut them nut by the samo means. It scenif d evident i hat the huzr in effecting the division never camo in coiitict with the plate " S.ltirr.sn's turnsfl

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