Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 23, Number 13, Vincennes, Knox County, 5 May 1832 — Page 1

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BY SLIHU STOTJT.j ZSto'tcru Situ IS published at $2 50 cents, for 52 numbers; which may be discharged by the payment of 2 at the time of subscribing. Payment in advance, being the mutual interest of both parties, that mode is solicited. A failure to notify a wish to discontinue at the expiration of the time subset ibed for, will be considered a new cm gagement ; Sn. no subscriber at liberty to discontinue, until all arrearages are paid. Subscribers must pay the postage on their papers when sent by mail. Letters by mail to the Editor on business must be paidjorthcy will not be attended lo. Produce tvill be received at the Cash JTirkct Price, for subscriptions, if delivered within the year. Advertisements not exceeding thirteen lines, will be inserted three times for one dollar, and twenty-five cents for each after insertion longer ones in the sf.me proportion. jTP Per son sending Advertisements, must specify the num bcr of time3 they wish them inserted, or they will be continued unti; ordered out, and must be paid for accordingly. LAWS OF TilE UNION. I'ASSF.D AT THE No 12. AN ACT explanatory of the act entitled "An act for the relief of the officers and soldiers of the Virginia line a. id navy, and of the Continental armv 'Turing the Revolutionary war," approved thirtieth, of May, one thousand eight hundred and thirty. TiF. it enacted by the Sev.ctc and House 5 ? rS Representatives of the United States cf America, in Con threes assembled. That the provisions cf the act, entitled "An act for the relief of certain officers and soldiers r f the Virgini i Line and Navv, and of the Continental army, during the Revolutionary !rn t 1 w V J tHV"1 of Mr rants heretofore issued, which, have been loCrtCed, surveyed, or patented, on the lands reserved and set apart for the satisfaction of the Military Bounty Lands, due to the offir rrs and soldiers of the Virginia line upon ......wxv. lv flivu'l Hi all ijillli 1 V iT- i Continental establishment, or for the satisf iction of the officers and soldiers of the - continental army. rec. 2. Ana be if further ev acted. That' r , . . 7 the provisions rl the .hI section of the act, entitled "An act to extend the time for loeating Virginia Military Land Warrants, -'avl returning surveys thereon to the laud i . oHicc," approved 20ti May, l"26, be, and! he same is hereby continued in force for seven years, from and after the first day cf l ine, 1832; and the proprietors of any location, survey, or patent, contemplated by the aforesaid 5-ection, may avail themselves of the provisions of the said section in the cases therein enumerated. ANDREW ST FA EN SOX. SfieaZer ct'tis House cf Refircrentatives, JOHN C. CALHOUN. Vice President of the United Statesman d PresiderJ 0 the Seriate. ; ArPKOvtn March M, 1332. AN I R L W J A C I5dN. rNo 1.1. AN AC T to -.MvjSKf:trvQ them to the Northerutbistric of-Al-South atiami. . 1 IK it enjeted rv the Senate and House ) f Rcf.reiicntativets cf ' th Uni'rd States f America in Congress xtstembird. That luu,,VVi V cv of the Cherokee and Chickasaw tribes of li.di.ins. shall be added to, and constitute a part of thc Northern J idirial District of Al-1 .V'inn, instead of thc Southern DUtiict of! said State, as now arranged. APi'RovF.D -March , sri;i:uif or mil hlnto.n' CP MI-'HIU. Is Sour Mo .lav, Anril 10.

Mr. Clay read an elaborate rP'Jft proprictors of liie soil would liave c difrom thc Comuutteo on Minufacturej t rccl interest in taking every acre to giin5t reducing the price of public I th"mselves. Mone! M onev! Monev!

Ijnds, or transferring them to the States, -mniniavorei Keeping up wic price anu . . . . 11 iiiiin thc proceeds ot th sales anmni: lb? States for education, internal impiovemcnt, and colon's ition in Africa,: and accompanied by thc following bib: I' ILL to a pr-'pt iafe, t'r a 1 1 i.;teil tunc. , .f thc sales if thc public 1 thr A - prroveii l. 1 1 t!H V n.l'l V j i'. t v.-i-.V..' b:: the S --i.:'e and ILuse - - t". :."'? : '. ;' w .J 'the lit d StJtei :f- . -l ie.:. ; CV': :rcs r:! lt ft, 'Plat, from ; 1 .. . , - i- . 1 IV..- I...- I vi'i alter ti,:n -111 i ua ,;i i't.iuu t xt.thciehc Mlowe d and paid to each of ,V S'-i-v of Ou-v. lodiana. Illinois, Alain - ni.i. Mi.".im. M-vvi isitT.i. and Louisiana. ovir.md above v,h.u e.uh cf the States i 'iillt d diH red to bv t'.i terms r( the compacts . into Vtwten v i r aduiis-UMi them, respectively,! and er their admis-in into the Union, and j Chitted Stall-, the vim of ten per ctn-J 1 upon the licit a i ount of the sales et pubhe. lands nhich, subsripient to the dv .t rt mi, s mil lj made wuinn the svo Wnhls cf the said Stalest which said

sum of ten per centum shall be applied to some object or objects nf internal improvement within the said States, under the direction of their respective legislatures. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That, after deducting the said ten per centum, and whit, by the compact aforesaid, has heretofore bten allowed to the States afore

said, the residue of the nett proceeds of all the public lands of the U. States, wherever situated, which shall be sold subsequent to the said thirty first day of December next, shall be divided among the twenty-four States of the Union, according to their respective federal representative population, as ascertained by the last census, to be applied by the Legislatures of the said States to such objects of education, internal improvement, colonization, or reimbursement of any existing debt contracted for internal improvements, as the said Legislatures may severally designate and authorise. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted. That the said several sums shall be paid at the Treasury of the United States halt vearlv. to such person cr persons as the respectful Legislatures of the said Si ites may uutnopizc and diiect. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted. This act shall continue and be in fon e for the term of five years fro 71 the said thirty-first day of December next, unless the United States shall become involved in war with any foreign power; in which event, from the commencement of hostilities, this act shall cease, and be no longer in force: Provided nevertheless, That if. prior to the expiration of this act, any new State or States shall be. admitted into the Union, the power is reserved of assigning, by law, to such new State or States, the proportion to which such State or States may be entitled, upon th principles of this act, and upon the principles of any of the compacts made as aforesaid with either of the seven States first mentioned. The bill received its first reading, and on putting the usual question by he Vice President, shall thh till be read a secand time? Mr. Benton rose and objected to the second reading, and assailed the bill and report in terms of the most unqualified reprehension and condemnation. He considered it the most hostile bill to the new States which had ever been bro't into the Senate, and that he should be wanting in duty to the State he represented if he did not attack it at once. It consecrated the present arbitrary price ol public land, and shut the door upon all prospect of any future reduction of nricc, and upon all hope3 of sec-urine donations or preferences, or pre-emption v . .1. t.t" 1. I 1. 111113 IU BLUKI 3 I'll Ulu jJUUIJU laiKI. Jl proposed a new principle which would be fatal to the new States, in proposing to divide the proceeds of the S4 ts amoncr the States. This at once made the new States the private property of the old States. Adopt tint principle am thc w10jc character of the owner r- r ii-ij-t 1. ship of out public lands is changed at , , o . b once' The populous States in thc northa3t consider the public lands as their own, as io fact they will be, will guard and treasure them up as their own private estates, and adopt every measure to enhance their value, and to run up their piice, and to draw , every possible dollar from them.. -Lvery feeling of. justice to thc new- States will be lost in .n Reeling of selfish. avariq& and thirst for lucre. Agents woud tit dis J patcnea troni ne-oiu otates to watch over their new property; to waylay the farmers and detect them in taking tintber.and stone from it; and to fcfi'd at the El ublic sales, and run up the price to the ghest pointy that the new owners I rnjgfet'have the larger sum of money to r t t .1 T 1 oiviu: among inemseives. 10 uivnie thc money among the old States after the sales,-was just as bad as dividing the land itself among them before the sales; for those who are to divide the y will constitute the majority in

Congress; and knowing that they art-LP I to Pct t,,e mone)'' u ,'l consider thc landfli

as tneir 0Nvn 3nd will pass every law lo favour themselves without regard to the interest of the new States. No reduction of price, no donations, no pre emption rights, no preference to set tiers would be granted The laws would set i " force, without mercy, against the meritorious occupants who are here stig matized as squatters; and hired agents would bill against the settler lor his own improvement. The old claimants would lose tneir ciaim3 tcrevcr; inr these new j WMUti he the sole'objcct of the nlVf . proprietors and to extort the creates' posiDie amount ot money irom in 2 newStates, to divide among themselves, would be the sole object of their legislation. The ten per cent which the bill t r . 1 proposes to ijrant to the new States is like a proposal to let a man cat a s ice off of himself before he is devoured by his companions. That ten per cent to the Stale in its corporate capacity, would be no indemnity to the occupant, in his . . - . . j Pa' capacity for running up his imi protemcnt over his head. It would be 1 nn indemnity to the purchaser of land worth twentv live or fiftv cents per acre, who would have to give gl 5 per acre for it It wou'd be no indemnity for occupants who lo? t their preemption rights. It would be no indemnity to actual settlers who lost the prefert iters to which they were justly entitle'. It would bo n indemnity to

(IB..) SATURDAY, the French and Spanish claimants who will see their lands taken for division aracng these new proprietors. It would be no indemnity to the State itself for seeing the largest part of its territory kept out of market by an arbitrary price; lor it is notorious that much the largest part of all the new states, iich as they may be in vomc parts, yet much the largest part is of inferior quality, and worth but a few cents p;r acre. It would never sell at gl 25. The State would lose the taxes on all these inferi or lands. She would lose the settlement and cultivation which might be made upon them. She will Use the freeholders which they might contain She would lose all the improvements and embellishments which freeholders would put upon their own land, but which the temporary occupant at will; cannot make, because he knows that his labyur would be purchased over his head. The miserable ten per cent with which the Bill proposes to seduce the new S'ates to agree to their own ruin, would be no indemnity for all these losses, to say nothing of the annual drain' of all their gold and silver, to be carried off and divided among the populous States in the northeast; for the rule of division "13 to be the ratio of population; and that would give the "lion's share" to the old States, and the "Jackali's share' to the new ones. If the whole proceeds of the sales were given to the new States, it would be no indemnity for a refusal to reduce the price of land according to its quality; lor that is the point at which the land system bears upon the purchaser. He wan'.s thc land at a fair piice. He objects to paying the ?amc price for all qualities. The new States demand a reduction of the price. They ask the price of the land to be graduated by its quality. They want the inferior land settled and cultivated and subject to taxation. They wish every cultivator to be a freeholder, ?.nd they cannot be bribed with ten per cent ot their own mo ney to surrender all these just demands, and consent to the perpetual price of Si 25 for all sorts of land, good, bad and indifferent. Mr. l. condemned the whole principle of the ret ort end bill, and assimilated it to ?dr. Rush's report to prevent emigration to the new States in order to supply the manufactories with poor people to w 01 k for small wages. The report came from the Com. mittce on Manufactures, and was identical in principle with the famous report of Mr. Rush. The manufacturers were evidently hostile lo emigration. They were in favour of keeping the poor at home to work for small wages, and to get all their children to work for little or nothing; and therefore, they were in favour of keeping up the price of public lands, and so taking away all induce ment to emigration Mr. 13. said the committee had been instructed to en quire into two propositions, fiat, to reduce the price of the public lands; aecondly, ..Wtransfcr the lands on tquita ble terrViV,td the States in which they lie". rite fCDortl-r&ad bv a member' of thawrnmirff(fr. Cl a Y,y decided aeautM Dothrono5lkjns. It was decidedly against any reduction, and decidedly against any transfer to the States Instead of that, it proposes to keep up the arbitrary price of old refuse land to SI 25 per acre, and then dividing the proceeds of the sales among the States for internal improvement, education and colonization of the neprces upon thc western coast of Africa. Thus the new States were to be partitioned out among the old ones; and the bill offered a price to each one to join in the partition. It was like the oid partition of Poland; rusia proposed it, and then offered ussia and Austria a share of the spoil fri joining in the work. Thus it is now. Thc States are each to be seduced into this scheme of partitioning cut thc west, by getting each a share of the spoil. The partition of Poland was made by the .Wrthern powers ol Europe, it remained to be seen whether the partition of the West was not to ht effected by a league amsng the JVorthem States of tlm Union. Mr. B would not stop to lay any stress upon the details of a plan so manifestly unjust in its principle; but it would not escape others that the details of this plan were open to the seve rest reprehension. It gave as much to Massachusetts, Maine and Connecticut, as to Virginia, N. Carolina art! Georgia; when all America knew that these three southern States had given their lards to the Union gratuitously; while M3ssa chusett retained her ihiriy thousand ( square miles of vacant land, erected hr.r , State of Maine upon it, divided the land between them, and now hold it in lull 1 sovereignly, and dispose of it as they please, wbile Connecticut actually holds, by a deed from thc federal Government, 1 - . f r , : about tw o millions of acres m the t,rn. torv whuh irpinia hail ptvn lo the t'nion. Aram: several States had re crived s r vcral millions fur internal im p;cvcm!n!, and others hsd received nothir.p; yet all were put upon a level, by thc det i!s of this plan. But he (Mr. 13.) didi not trouble himself about details, where the principle itself was an citrae l upon justice. THE NEW ST.MKS WIH. nCO ME THE

MAY 5, 1832.

PRIVATE PROPER I Y OF THE OLD STATES, IE SUCH A PLAN AS THIS IS ADOP IEOI They will be superintended by the overseers and stewards of their masters. A swarm ct agents and pettifogging attorneys, will prowl through every new State to take care of the properly of the new proprie. iors, anu 10 sue, and to sear against, trespass upon every citizen who their property. may MrR spoke with great warmth of the amount of money which the repoit proposed to raise Irom the new States. Thtee hundred and forty million of acres, at 1 25 per acre, were calculated to produce 450 millions of dollars, 3nd going beyond thc limits of the new States, the report in its devout irg rapacity, goes beyond million, and actually counts upon billions! here is all this money to come from? How ae the new States to furnish 450 millions of dol-! larsf The attempt to extract it from them will exhaust and eviscerate them! They wiil be drained to the drears, and left naked and destitute! They want relief from the present drain, which now amounts to three millions of dollars per annum. Instead of getting relief from any part of that drain, this report proposes to augment and perpetuate it. It will soon amount to five or six million?; and it will be impossible for the young States to stand such an exhausting process. The report spoke of speculators! it pretended that speculators were in favor of reducing thc price of the land; but the fact was just the contrary. Speculators wanted to keep up the price. This was now well known in every State. Speculators who had land to sell were the great opposcrs to a reduction of price. These speculator opposed the reduction in 1819, when ihe price was reduced from 2 to gl 25. i he same class oppose it now, and for t lie same reason. J he cultivators aic in fa vour of reduction. Evry cultivator knows that his 'and will be just as valuab'e for cultivation after the reduction as before it. It w ill produce just a well. I he crops will be just as good (wiih (be s?mc quantity of work) as if ihe price had not been reduced FjrrovVrs'i v'f wish to work thc land, have to4f4c tion to ihe reduction; they are i"VriV speculators who wish to sell landare alone opposed to the reduction. The report of the committee was unlucky in alluding to speculators. Mr. 15. said tne plan of thc manufacturing committee was in effect a plan for the perpetual vassalage and impoverishment of the new States. Money! monejl tnoneyl was its only objeci! and nil wno would vote for levying that money was to gel a share of it! The interest and sove rrignty of tUe new States were overlooked and sacrificed. The interest of these States required settlement and cultivation. It required freeholders. It required the lands, to pass into thc hands of individuals, ' who would improve and'acloi n them; who would build ct3nilciTtalrle houses, plant orchards, pay taxes and raise up families. This is whai the interest of these States required; ?nd to accomplish that interest the infe rior lands must be sold for their value, their real value, and not held up at a price which forbids sales, and leaves the land in the hands of an occupant who is afraid to make any substantial improve ment lest it should excite thc cupidity of a speculator. The sovereignty of a State was nullified by the plan of the manufacturers committee. Thelarcest portion of her lands would remain tin sold. She could not tax them. She could rot bring them info market. She cofcld not protect her citizens from vexa tious suits in the federal courts for tres passes Citizens might be dragged from all parts of the State to the federal court to be sued for cutting a stick, or lining a stone; ana from thc federal court they might b brought to the su preme court here; and ruined by costs, whether guilty or innocent. All this must take place if this plan of dividing the proceed of lands shall be sanction ed; for the old States will then bave a direct interest in keeping up the price, and suing people for trespasses. Massachusetts was wist 1 She kept her publie lands out ol thc hands of the federal government, and now she and Maine regulated ihe whole business ol selling their lands in their own legislatures. instead of applying to Congress. 1 bey regulated the mice themselves and shewed thc folly of all this talk about speculations; lor they sold land at 5 and 10 and 20 ceats an acre! I wen'y five cents was rather a high price m their list of ale?l They regulated the price by the qualify, ar.d lhai s what Minvju ri and ihe other new Slates would do, they were equally sovereign an 1 independent with .Maine. But they are not. Congress is their master. Congress is thtir local legislature. Congress regu late3 the price of their land, and puts al. qualities at one ptict; and if thin manufacturers plan is adopt.-d. that price will never be reduced. More than half the land in every new State will remain unsold; for it i not worth the mii.imum price; and if a man had a mint of u o ncv, he would not give thM ptice, and ou'tfht not to ive for such iufcclo? and refuse giounJ.

vol. xsrn. arc. S3

The report, continued Mr. 13 pss-d a gfeal encomium upon thcledvral government for its justice and generosity o the new states. He, Mr. B. utterly denited the tiuth ot that encomium. Xo nation upon thc face of the earth, in any ape of the world, among christians or pagans, bai ever been as hard upon tho scalers of wild lands as the ted?ral gov ernment had been. A.I other nations made donations to actual settltrs Land was now given gratunus y in ev. rv new country in the world except ihe U lited States InCar.ada the king oi Engnd made a present ot 150 acres u e'lers. In Mexico and Tex s, as much was given as any man wa;u J Throughout South America it was tnc ame u;n;r All ihesc Atlantic states, when tl ry ere British colonies, were settled upo- donations. In Persia, at this day, tandw a gilt to thc settler. An o ig the Romans, in the days of thc republic, thc lands of th conquered countries were always divided into two equal pans; one hall was set apart for donations to settlers, the other half was sold to pay the expensts of the war Even in our live negro coir-njr in Atrica, Ihe principle of donatioi- i esnbdshed by law. Eich new serier draws a town lot a..d pi-iiitatior; and if he builds a house and clears two acres in two years, he is to hnvc a ftr simpic 'itle tor b.th lot and plantation. Mr B. hoped that this example Irom Africa would have weignt, with the Manufacturing committee, if all oihcrs passed for noihing; and whether it did or not, ho must oppose to thc uttermost of Ms strength this plan of that ccmmitttC, which proposed toex-ciS 25 p- aero for refuse lar d in the U States from our white christian fellow ci'izens, n oder to buy land i' Africa, anu bestow i is a gfift upon the free negroes w ho shrird be carried there. He was opposed 10 this modem humanity, wnirh direciedaii ts love to negroes und Indians; and to exalt and enrich them, was willing codrgrhdo and impoverish our own hte rare. Mr. Ijcntou said, he was in fjvor f reducing bc revenue to the want; of the government, and he should do p'J in '13 povcr to make that nduction fall cquslMy upon land, which was iht great object ot'revenuein the new states, a upon oiher articles which were tlfV objects of revenue in the old states. He wished all the states to have their share ol benefit in th Reduction of tho rever ue, co.seq'uentupun thc extinction ol the public debt. 13u hat equali-v nnd impartiality did not sccr;?to '- th'. int-Mio-.i : tho Committee (Manufactures. Ac.ordI ing to thei? planv the new utrs wmld not know tnat thc puc'ic !; was paia, w except by readinp ot it in the newspapers. No reduction i:- incir burthens would an-, nounce the news. them .It had been, imputed to anemunnt American -System manf thit he had said the public revtrue ought to be kept up, even if the urplus revenue had to be thrown ii,io the Potomac river; and this M inr.iac'oi in Committee si erned to br acing upon that idea They kept up the icvcrue from public lands, hr beyond wh? thc i;oein ment needs, and propose to throw the surplus, not into the Potomac, but imo ihe gulf of Guinea! The black colur.y, on the Guinea coast of Africa, is lu ieceive the benefit of the money which is thus exacted from the citizens of the new States. Mr. B. warmly justified hia course in objecting to the second readirg of the bill. He would be false to the ne States if he suffered it to be read a sec ond time without objecting to it. It was the first time in his life that he had objected to thc second reading of a bill; but it was- the first time also, that he had ever seen a bill brought into the Senate for the degradation, the cns'av aunt, end the impoverishment of the new Sta'es. It was a roost hid tous and iniquitous bill! Its effect was that of the mo dracvy hostility to the new States. Its teror w as destructive, and its means of getting itssclf passed were new and abominable. It offered a rewaii in mcney for its own passage; for those who paired it were to fall heir to the 350 millions cf acres of land which the new States contained, and to diwde among themselves the 450 millions of dollars which wt re to be obtained for those lands! It offered a direct rc waitl in money to all who would, in all time to come, vote against reducing the price of public land3, against donations and preferences to settlers, against donations to States, and against confirming French and Spanish c'aims; for all such were lobe benefitted by sing every, acre to be so-d. for tuir own benefits, and exacting 1 25 for each acre. It was the first time he had seen such. bill. It was a monster, the sipbt of which mined i 1 fired his indignjtion He could not rest in peace in i!ie presence of sucli a thing. He h-d, theiefore, departed from aTtho accustomed rno !es ol acting in the Senate. He had attacked it st its first appearance. He lock it at the first hep -He could not consent that thc S'ate Irom which he came, should tear that sorb a bill had been read in the Stnate, wit) out henting at the same timr, that it h.d n lenourccd and exposed a t e'ese 'J 10 be. He spoke his sentiments plainly; for he did not ur.dertad the art or speaking on both sides of the same bill: or et dividing himself, so as to speak on

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