Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 22, Number 45, Vincennes, Knox County, 17 December 1831 — Page 1

9 A,

r f'.'k'ir ' & '.-' ri.a ;! i-'y & v'.tA ...'. t-Ci . v' saui try i-; ' - 7 t

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BY BLaim ZVCWZj

- Jr- r....,,,,,, . , wm 2LCfCCU SttU !?v,;:ih tvo;nUieCfiivkUcnrf wir.r.s) tif:(ii):ed jurist, of Massachuseers, er.e the natural un.l most profitable cmptac ( It is said that a dC'Xcp ur 1 h. Tn , .. , . , r ' ii. dieted, tint madvci Untie, but with dehbe.-; who is advantacccoslv known as ve:h to the me tit oi capital. To the e trr t tn v.ii;4 i- , . ' r ' " ' . ptl.aum.tl at c.n.s, to. 5- fat!ont v.Juch ate net tcmpotary but ctahl- pvt pie ct the Umcn, lr.ssv.ci ct thesvstcm she thus exclud s another nation from ant-.- rrr,V,t ,n , pun, acts; whicn may b'J cllschard !) ,i-p.rd yen array aaainst the Govern-Ut which we orm:Um. that it is calculated accustoimd, or frtjfn a desirable n.rrkt t vhel . U " '''''Zr ' ;,t " the payment ot 2 at the time oi" sub-1 men: r. fr.rcc whith U cf lik chnracter with "to destroy rrnpy if the ;uat r-H-cts for j occasions, it is tvu iti the rationaHo aVhs- V' Ith f'ur c,",r3C,cr s r?t!-.r; cr.-l. i: scribitie. ilut which sustains it- yea ar.ken a ttl-' which thc'Crnstttution of the United States j place nettt cf capital from its iWnral chin- ln,s ,cw l,al ' ififT is essential :

Pamcrit in ad var.cc. bein the muluy;ai;ctnent; nosubsciiber at liberty lo disrrv .tinue, unt il all art targes aie paid Subscribers must pay the postage ot: their paper f when sent by mail. Letters by mail to the Editor on business tnustbc paid, oi they will not be attended to. PniDUcn will be rcceiv Afirf.-tt Price, for subscri;)tioas, if deli veicd within the year Advkmtisf.:! i;k is not exceeding thirteen Iinesy w ill he inserted three times for cne dollar, and tzventy-Cve cents for each aficr insertion hmer ones hi the same proportion fctU" Persons sending Advet lisemcnts, rr.Uit bpecify the num ber of times they wish them inserted, or they vviil be continued until ordered out, and must be paiil for accordingly. to Tiitr rn I'm: or Tin: UMTi:n state?. A patia i I yir f:li-w citnrens, reside n.t in d.lL rent States of the Union, whn ate numerous, rerpectab'.e, ami iutelhgent, who like y.iurseives, are attached, to tlie jiiaiH'ijiles of f ee government, andnrdently devoted to tne great Constitutional Charter, which coi'secrates at'.d up!;olds them vv lm ask only an eq i d pat ticipation in the benehis, and are reae'.v to b-:ir an eeju il share of the 'Mieiens of the Government v;io nre wdhng, tnoieover, to concede to others a perfect right to the fall enjoyment cf whatever they ask for themselves such a portion of your fello. citizens, whose condition, etiaracter , motives, and views, ate thus f .ithfully delineated, have deputed Us to represent them, on an occasion deeply iiiu rcsti g to their feehgs as men, an.l itally iir.jjott.u.t to their interests as citizetis of this great confelc rated Republic. They have c oled uj.'oti in to unite our counsels f-r the iedies- ef the grievat ces uudet vhich they hihor, and h ive enjeineel it upon us. .- a duty, to omit no means far the acCornphshnicnt t-f th.is o! ject, which may conVi.it with our o!mgati:.ns as citizens, and with their own futhfal ar.d ardent dev)tion to the bond ot om common Union In the perform. on f a duty like this, we cannot be insensible to the ptoneietv f a frank and jespecttul Communication v.iln our lenSovv. o.o citiZ' us at 1 ti ee. v o are members ot tne Same great poluical f lmi'.y. Our interests a.-e e''.ninoi', oi so also are our duties; and, it cannot b,t thut iny portion of oj- uethren can desire to v. it'uhoni frm us our just share of the betieiits, or to sn'jee' us to an utu'.ue proi'-'' e1( n of lire !ardeus which flov fio.o tie; Ci"V ernua nt ue.der vs inch we live. We liae (j ral cu..iid.e:iee in their justice and intelligence, m'd is-ure ourselv es tln.t it is only nee tssary lo bring hoine tot'ieir understmding tlie o!u iotion f the e-viN under Aoivh w t- sujp c, to secute their cordial cooprati n in piompl and .iiectu.il measures f,u- t'ueir reuuiva!. We would commune v,i:ti V on. iln.n, in the s:m it of these feela c . v e must si.eov "ltii frankness. It mav be that our 1 ing.i.'.ge v'ol borrow strength tivni the conv u ti..;. of our wrongs; !v.n w e w ill not fot get the j :st mp.-ct w hicii i- d.u totioise wh.iihtT.-r tio.u n.s ..M-'pini'-n, and cannot be unmindful ef tlie eufjetion v.hivh vv e ht ar, aud whivh we earnestly desire to cl-.erih towards Our brethten t'nt cuehout the- I'ni .n. The tvptv sent.; iv es t portions ot cur fell 1 w -citizens, bee' ngisg tt tiftten d.tf rent r.i v, they have come t. get her as strangers t" emeu other, won ail me vjiretv ot opinions on tnost su jet ts, w i.irh spi u gs t: ou. OUT"! ctit ii n.en.l ur-utts, anei n perh ,?-.s, luevita olv o, a ,t to tile l epet tc etmn cf oar i ouum-n natut e. I) 1 one engrossing cu-'vtio!i, tir.t who h constitutes tiro subit ct f this A- dress--hot leg as well to us prr o 11 as i; s di. tails, tl a v have tou:u! a eoneipreoce t op.iaa.n. w hn he v Oi - Ii e, entitles Uretn to ask ter that ep-n.ien. d for the lcsanscn which it is U unded. t'oe at'e -tn e a ui cuspa s; . . e . . . -. j . . - . . . i . . i i o . - leratien e1 1 o ..i,v.i.v..ii j-- vj' ev ils which f. '-v fi om th.e ta - uo ...at...;... nio r i . o 'Inii .ii .it ta s . in . IV 1 n taw, p..- anient .i o. en tt t mint.ii oppose n ro i . . i .r sv vo-m. v.uu t xs;s un v ui us rai is ei th.e l 'n;en ti.e dee') a. id sctthu discei tv.i t t'a-et) a.iJ sctthu ois-. -. .1 Il ls been Ci.O.'.li .-ted wincn tstvit.aiai mis oeen ci.o.u.-toi ; y a I lup.ne ' ous, part i"in , as. v. l.oe.ut i.; p..-i ;uai cf i ur f 1; o -eiti.i-n.s cannot t til to aw aP.. a the liveliest s -lie ttede ot tun hv er .a" ' , I i? f I . i . i :i , ' i . . 1 t h t. .i;-.v ,s , . a,,,... .T oc! nn-metrtarv excitenu nt ir.e wliaU n.t be OXp-v Ct; (1 tO p .ss aW,,V U' . . . . a.er ti.e n.tn-.v n.ce a-st L.de r ih eta :, ,i ; o i -! t" C . 1 ' n a.:-i i i - a ss i i . ,i v. i . 1 1 v i i a i N' t he ueoi ei wni-.'li we coaq 0 r ..t recent itPl'.n, ano v.ce ice o . i . th- "''lent, which was ciao.d wdu its instltu n. ti c :.! 1 e J). t o to e Oav e i-n ,y se r i d hen and increase. Let tin - e n ini ire to pet petu.de tne pc.ita a! hit corn w .,: a we e: j o it a the at; , !(,-. U II. is v ( - s;. c .lie'i which it i eI! lettable p Utnai ot the Amel i; ..U pi., die tea' C V.s- n-osa ss tu d ti.tV ate in tue 'toil - --. a o; the ir i i;ids ..s ia 1 n t n --.a--iAte fu- it ti.e si it it cf div:cuU :.

al interest of both n,rt:'r t't tned1 is!l,VK.v r4' a ie ot oJl;te.', and tnibit-. wni atritni that scci a stt-m c-.n consist taliatory svstein ot lejpsiatii: r.f in a svrtcm! items to be stratj;eiv rr.;-a :rd.

"o'icitcd tcred by tue recollectzori tnt it is ttic :ar.d ; with tire tpitit o the C or.stituti..!,? Its en- cf further rmrictionsimj:oed bv the latter I apiecd, that a tjs'rm of Tcs Tr.-' " A laHurc to "nfv a v.hh to tlhcon- ? brrV'. uhich lt' tt.. rctmcts may be so xciled as to elude the natioi.? If it be true, that a restrict t sys- j amcnK all the oatirns H t c v or!-, i, . , l) n a V,1 10 cnsco feeing uh-.ch pcrvaacsa numeicusandre- jud'.cnil power, rrd mav, thendoi c, he obli- tern is i: jurious to the nun n impnsi, it . ccn.it- tS f -,rii:r,.:, . , r , ; . tin.MC at the cx,.5ratton ot the time sub- s;tctab!e portion of the Ameuean people. I torv uPc n the other department of the d-s it cease to be so in rccard to ho l.'Aur!:"" ( H V" , ! act ihed fur, will be Considered a new cn- It cannot be defied and usav iUt h.- (iisi v- I Gov. niiipr.c ut n? howeit r (,!.s?imrr,f ! t.in tr-,,.v.. .f t,o -v r.-,.o- ,',,,. lu- ,wf. j CI crfcls OI Cacb lo t.:f-: L'J'C.3 U.;r,

j- i - - - - ..iv-t.v.vi', K vue I'.i' VA'4;.tM

States t this 1 iMiteoeiacy, have asscmoJeer right to convert w hut they demominate tire est, what it ht stows on tlie one which d pro- j ease reterred to, has not ivs-ibf-d item th.e 1 ence to that portion ci agriculture vhHi in ttie city ef l'hiladelphi 1. to cetisider the incidental, into the principal power, aoc! fessrs to prr-uct. It is equaiiv onrjue t!iat i Pntittive Sys'em. Let us h, k, l-ow.-ver, ls niphed in the production ol 'itigriev am es u hich thev mi in r under the ex- transcend rg th.e limits f 1 evetme, to in-,- uch a s stem gives jrrcv.ter irplo n.ct to 1 at-thi.s Mir.g-stion apart from that rottmer.t- j cies w,Jj niliSf en't x oi't-d 'o' ' ("r ' isting t ir.fT -f duties, and to devise, if hap- pone an additional duty substantively and labour Its rperati'.ti is conhnrd to the sint- tion. If n be conoded, for tlie nrpoe t f ; ,,.r! : " ' " ' ? '.rt !s pi'.y r-.ev nn.v d.so, soaiec- nstttutional and exeluMve'.y for tlie purpae et affording tiro j pie ch.noge e f its application. La-s which -iie nrgu.i.ent, ami Mily for th.at purpose,! n!at4' 1 '? ' t.-at fcity cor vt;t.ra. tn ..ceiul mode of re '.1 ess. Speakmg gene- j pt otection. Thev almit that Confess m?.v ! orotect bv bounty anv t'ecuh .r pa r--s t ! that a manufacture inieht be etabhs;.(rl bv 1 c dm inutiun ot commc rcial Caj 'rah 1 v

. anus. iii1si-l.i..i..iv..i.-...v.....,.i.. i.i..i,.i.1..n.vivniliin....iinivi". uv in- . o v .... . . .-. ...-.nil : even iiiuii't iliui every ir,i ;ns lOCOUiC vv... j... - i - ' -

i . ..... i . n i f -. . i-i . i . ' i . r t ; ii . 1 , . . , it. i 1 1 . , in f i r-i.-'o ..,t....r ..I h-jS.-mw i . 41 i .!... . . , I f i r i-airc .! rnrtl.-lf f )r.n t.-f

,t t n .on. T'.e vno-ur el the la -v s ;s a, md m the o.,mui.s oi the Government. A j t .wing pnncpk: 1 he ut.iver.-al teerdom ot to a just conclusion w hile t i .se! : ' r" u i! t p-eiate to tlimicish their ptom t ce. The hot, Is whiih unite us is,-vv.em f taxati. n, which is unequal in its ; tctmn which it allows, tcrds mmst h.o-e-gh-. s'ut;es",;on vouIci lhrow upon 'p,,,,, 1 fits ar d ti.e benefits which tier tr iov. lb.- c' rv- lum:l":i f--i-f.t-ihe ; o; et..tu i wh:ch j-pt ;sse tin- u.anv tortile - ly to devdope the moral and juiys.crl ener- j ; vj,iona . nro:ecto. ;v, ' 1".;,' fom the inc. eased ir.inmn ol (?.,. c ...,i.-th,n .f -.r onu! rhts iht asm bt Lcid ei the-tew, n. ttu-rtfoie. urj-.st. net 1 e.es of each natron, ;md to amdv ihem to : n. ei-iona p.jectJ.s, vv .0 having . . . ' "."co . o ir c ...a.edv to asser t. and the feel- ' merely w ith nh n nee to the git at a ad ho - those oi-C s to which tht v are i.t :uh pb d. o nlram tilt. support of discel "Y .ernu) w,!l be PUiehised at ' . 1... ' - . ,., -I' .s.. ' . on. ... . .r .1 1 .,,1 , 1- . . .,,,,.t n.. '. 0. " and irdr llin-ent ranitalistK. vroold rd:.v .1... Inc expense ol It.cse interests frrdi

1 . l . . a i v 1 v 1 ... . j -

.'... . .. I. ' 1111111. . lll'lili Wlil'.i. I' . 4 liVi'Ilv I. I lll'i. It I I .11.., 1 1 , 1 il. ..l''.l-!,ll':illllJ-.l.W. t I .11 I 1. I'! I,- - " . - .-.'..-... 'III.

VSKCSWmsS,

of teseutnioiit which is goaded i;:to ac-1 earded, without putting to hazard the saietv j cf the Confederacy. ! Do you doubt its existence, its nature, or j dcjjjret? Look to t!ie characttr cf this as-1 semblv to the circunistar.ces under which ! it is convened. Gie your attent'.en to the ; history r.f the past and b admcnished rf ;

j the novel and extraordinary spectacle whit !r , ssideration of the sufject will lead to a died at the Cash ! i, presented to ) our view-. Do not close your j iretly opposite result. If it be conceded

(ves to the fact, that this assembly s altogether w-ithcut parallel since the fetmdaticn of the Government that we are ftcemcn i and the representatives of freemen, w ho j peak to you ot our violated nr.lits that wo j our put pose is not the lesshrm because it is announced to you peaceably, and in the spirit of conciliation. A numerous and respectable portion cf the Ametican people, do not mciely com plain that tins syjtem is mji.st, but they question the right to establish it. They doj

spea to v ou o: our violated nr.nts tbat wo j to tne consequences to which, sooner or I- I puces, i hese have in tact tallen since ISlo, tiens shotrld prevail. That i.r:crccurc" hive cnnic- from diffM-nt and distant parts ter, this conviction must ir-evituHy lead? j and c ur t.ppoaents contend that this lies i consj,is n tc mutual c yri;.r,. of cor"of the Union, to jom m demanding their re- j Distinguish d as this sv stem is, bv even j heen llie rt uit o; domestic compe'itio!!. A ,mr.t;r, :. V storatiotthat a consciousness of sit t:gth characteristic which may defa.e atvrannv j n.o-ne r.ts uficction win demonstrate tire ul'.u,C3' y1' J' iH ;Pm -"e lu t r nceiv e is the eftVniimrof united roimvcls-and tl.r.t! thetunst odious, win- should wr ul,..'-.,v r IfaMarv ot thi uv.rt',, n nr,.,( ... , vi.. UiC ,tJea OI a ceot r,f.ence or. ihcrr.c s:de.

not douot t'aey utterly deny the constitu- grossly, fatally utvvhe, anel impolitic, since tion il power t f Congress to enact it. In j it is subversive f f the harmony oftlie Union justice to them, w e invite year candid atten- j whn.h is in v iolation f the pi inciples of tion to a brief consideration of their view si free government, and utteriv at variance on this suhject. The ccnsiitmional valii'.ity ! w ith the spirit of justice and' mutual crnor invalidity cf an act cf Congress, dt.es not j cession in v. hich the Constitu' ion was connecessarily depend upon the question, who- j ceiv ed and adopted such a svsicm, if pertherthe judicoal department fit the govern- ' sevt i cl in, mint ali.n;.'e our affections Irom met;t would affirm the ot:e or live other of j each other, engender discontents end ani these propositions. It may be tint an act j mosiries, anal h-.id inev itablv, anel with a will, in its operation arid efiVct, be subver-; force which ro human power can mist, to sive of the pt inciples cf the Constitution, j the mGt awful of all calamities. Ween and yet, on its face, be superior io all j aiti treat those who differ fiom us, scricuslv to

e-xceptioti on that ground, litei a.'y, and m terms, it may be hi execution of an express j ly granted power in its operation ar.d ef-! feet, it may not only transcend that power, i but may directly contravene it. Under the ! pretence of supjlyiug a l evenr.e. Congress i mav raise money bev ?nd the purposes to which it can !e legitimately apnued, or m : increase the duties toasi an.euut, which will be prohibitory of importation, at.d, consequently, destructive of all revenue tube derived Item that source. "Still, such an ct would purport to be in the execution of the power to lav and collect taxes; and Courts of Justice, ju aging of it by its term"?, and hy wn at is ".pp.it ent. oo its iace, would not aim m i its iov ability. liut the constitution is equal lv obligatory on every tlepartment ot the Government on tire legislator who enacts, as well as on tlie judge who interprets a law. If the former shall so til his unlawful purpose as to defend it from the scrutiny of the latter, is it less a violation of Ais constitotionat obligations? If it be such a iolot'em, can it be constitutionally valid? If, instead ot the absence of any express grant of power to protect manufactures, the constitution had contained an exprt ss clause f inhilution, an act of Congress, imposing

duties beyond the purposes oi revenue, and j to promote his own inter t st. It is. the intertherein" pending as a bounty to the manu- est of the public that he should jo apply it.

:.k iu:tT, w ouKi, ine insisi, i;e auinieieei 10 he in violation of the Constitution, aid yet t he repugn. v'u' C would net be manifest upon

its f tee, and would, there lore, eiuue the ju-!i'uiy ef indi idmals wid, if jvoj t-rlv proeiicial power. . 1 tccd, be di-potd to follow th-ir iivtereets. A numerous and intelligent poriicn of the j such an pmdrcation f,t theit iudu-trv and

Ameticun peojle believe tiiat this view is apphcable to the Tariff 1SJ.P. They ad - mit the power of Congress to lay and c.oi - iect such duties as they may deem necessa - r for the purposes of revenue, ;md, within these limits so to arrange those duties as in - cidcntally, autt to th.at extent, to pv. e pntectirn to the manufacturer. I hey deny iht counterv nil the rt gulations of a fort tgn pow -

1-1 1 .M. . the d eurcstic mauufacturt r, thetebv de- : strc "ug The commerce' tin y wet e entr ustci i to r eulate, a.nd fostering en interest with uln-i t!i,u l". ir tir TivnMtntinnil ttiutpr - 1 ; v 1 v.. Vi 'j-vv s li - tiv-ivi'. 11111 1 " ' ' v. 1 V'v interfere. The portion ot our fellow -citi ' ecus of whom we speak, do not, the ref.-te, a cm e ro aflirm. that if the ight to enact the TariiT h.vv of loS, be referied to th.e antlioritv to ,v and collect duties, fee. it ls ' a p ilpab'.e a'mse c f tire taxing power, which i . l... .1.. - . . x . i x as conferred for th.e pui pose of teveouc; . ... . i . ( n, io ine ..uuiona to rtgmaee taur.ttieree, it i is a t:ovic.us a tnrversiou or in ar novver. since it may be extended to an utter aumhi - I i .".1 T t lk ; i alien e.re o; jecs v uicn u w as mtenoeo io ju ouc ... v .iiig, now k er, i ins t.ist us - j s'.on, we concur m tire opumar that it the .gg' lev ed pat ty is deprived cf the protect: . w m.-h t V..' i 1 1 .1 !."! . 1 . i O rt -;o' !1 i a C,t i 'i t.;V,,l o x.rr.O. ai-H....i:.t, 1-. ...,. i tthe American j c pie, to unit wit'i him ; m con t e :t ,r g the e :v d oy peaceaie an.l con ; sti-e,tn! ai me mis. i s . . a 1 v n

er, vvuien mav ue irostue 10 oeu t oroiiit e-, can itidusirv tuae i,u ece'i 10 v annus 0')--but the y deny their authority pc m int nth p ts. Tin so hi" s faveur ot.lv a single t( juaP.'.bit all importation, lor the purpost class; pud, since tire houmy is not snpnlied -f seruri'.g the ht me market exclusively t(; )V the Government, but taken fem tn-

Pit here is a vievv of tills sec jert v.hicl. ; Fhe onlv qtie.'tion which ccm be raised on 1 xvs,ys enough ol ir dividual crdcrptise bmc atTecud by this svstur. o, p;.,-ec-n' cl-:imt-; c-ncuntnet c f all thr.e wh- , this part of the subject, is, whether the ! ;Meir cncT a?((, c:ipita, to lest'anv cx.':ti-n. '1 he farmer of the Middle S-atv-aeprepa-ed to aumrt f.at ti.y 1 ar.fl is u,. , anqdioa ct a restnrtne pMey, ov c,no .vi ; . Vrlit,.,t fj "til feet its it fiurncc in the ir.ct c f pa d. :a its f.p.Kitic n, c'.pn ot-atol ion is- j -nore r.'diens, make it the n.n-res: cf oth- I 1 , . K . a lT 111 . , i riP, r,r i r . ,, w , Tne C.st.tum ncf the United Stat O.iud 1 er s to recipn.c.ate th.e- n-stricti. The ! ' n1ie remuneration, notw iths'an:.rg ,! P" a cll rs of nr-y i.s - ve;.u in a s;;.;t ef c.mprou.i-e. Its fr,. , answer seems to be stdT.riootlv ohv ions aud ; 11 toay be subject to temporary loss A1 l:ClC w 'lt r c ltav5;r.d ii v.-.e in j ct i t:u-secuiitv i f those iisht whicli arc ' satisfo-tory. The p'opo-i:ion which as- Lr t to imliv idual eutcrprize, the cues- j tf-e "at.ujr ruiir.g tj.&tticts she u-d fp. d i "iinMiHil tu ds pis. lection its principle serts the suuenor alv ai.Oic-'s of a Free tion would be decided by those vv ho nave ' an !,1,Ptf'ved market lor the pr.-dt.ce

............. . . ...

phcablet .human conduct, but is. morroverj 1.1 tii-ict e.hisluii with that cous'itu-ion d j -.pej.tv t ' tieht, wh :ch this instrument was; .bus confessed)- iiiiend-dto stv are. A Cis-

aaTTmBirsY, SSSBSSBa 17, 1832.

was cnr.taily framed .r.d a'.otcd." Who j and pretit. betwetu the pt ( 'de ami their tu lcrs, the chatter will, in such a case, have been iolated, and it will btlorg to them tn corre ct the evil. Why should we tear to emmriate this principh ? Is it because of the danger f those interef-ts wh'rh have gmwn up under the sxstcn? A j'ist conthat the system is oppressive, untcjual, and ur.just, can those who prv fit by u dvcttve thcmseltes with the e::retatim of its net manem v? Is it prudent to close thtir evts to tne consequences to which, sooner or P hv s victims, not stntitl upon our chartered righr? As men and brethren, we appeal to you, then, to unite your tfThrts vuth curs, in the cot recti. n of this abuse. A system, which is unequal in its operation, and, thetciore, unjust which is oppressive, because it burdens the many for the beneht of the few poticcr tais view oi the suh-ject. We enti eat them not to m'tfumclerstKnel us. We cannot be deterred from the discharge of our du ties vo ourseives, and our common count rv . I y the menace of consequences, ar.d we are e qually incapable f uemg its language to others. It i s as men arid brothers, in tire sniritof ?:i affection which is still warm and undiminished, that we would ca!i their attention to those inevitable results, wh'ch neither they nor we will have power to aert. F.xaminc the subject for a moment, in its connexion with the principles of an enlight ened political ec.f.nomy, ami see if the constdere lions whach are uiged to sustain t hewestern, are not f dlacious and delusive. The view mut be necessarily brief ennsisth.g f hints and suggestions rather than of an exte nded argument, or of minute detail but our object will be attained, if these mav serve to awaken a spit it ef dispassionate inquiry. We are tlie advocates of Free Trade. The argument which sustains it rests upon a proposition which may not he denied. It is the unquestionable light t every indidual to appiv his 1 .hour and capital in the mode which he may conceive best calculated ; ne unuti :;anos ot tret i.irm 11 can oe muler stod by the Government, what will conduce to l is own beneiir; and since the inacapital must produce, in the result, the : gteates: amount cf public good. Let it be j remen l-.ered that the- qm s;ion re'etes -xclu- ! shely to the ar:'ia'i:i: of caphai. It canj not be rr.rr.iitd bv an act of h-gls! ation 1 The oower of the i ir ei tone. it is limited to j its trjr.sfr r ft om one mp'.ev met;t to north j nr. It t thes fvooi some less f n otired it.te ri i-ibonr. cannot be said to enronr;.gh 1ri'-ri-1 . .. . 1 jacket of the individual, the pmtertic n I which is given to one sjfccies . f lube.jr, S ' so rivtn at the expense cf evttv ohr 1 'I'h r .mi 1 -i!iwi lio'i'1 1.... I iltie V lUi OV. '1 i- t .JOlkn 'M '!' H M i I I I American capital n cl lH.be.nr to the uuh t ; tered discretion r.f tliose who pessess the j one and apply the other, can done be dei nominated the "Anie'-ic.an Svstf m l lie inrerierenee oi tTOvernment wt: i t he t i . i i f i i right of the individual to rpplv ! ' . i t. i . i , la. i our and capitel in such mode a he m r, think ' . . i . . . . : nost, eonouetve 10 u s o . n inrt rest, thus i oer.-ssart v otierates 10 unuusr. :o- awip ; g ite amount of produrti. .n; in o.iier woids, l. ,-. ; ihe amount ot the necess.u ;e s asid cnv em ; enca s i oie, vvnic.i are eni -v e.r ;v i;;e c munitv, is- necessarily dui.i: i oatiens, tiren. were wiili: i c,-v.-tsi rf rn.i 'lb-...!. '. r ' :.s: i ie(. L an to a-'mt tiuOi- w s i h vve. 1 ' t.,A .,. .. .,, .1... , . Cht-Uti.it'.tv , and caloulated to unite mdh.ns : m na'Tiirav and. pe;.c. it cannot !)e doubted , h d t'.-.e ia.mt e -st of h v.a.ul i he promoted. ivi.-n to o,,ch t atiou, whatever m .y be the p.licv ah pud bv ot'teas. The nation which' -a s...rts t. a restriedv policy legislates i:er cvn 10s ui: aah.er, hy iate 1 lei lag w itii

r,els. Hat can the ren edy cr.nsiit jr. a ie-

forn:cr. and because it i also i. jnrn nM.. i such nation? When we apply these views to j the Corn Lnwsof (Ireat Ptitain, corshle.vd '.' : with referer.ee to their t hrect upon u. s i' j ai e destined to su-tain? It is strorgly urged as a motive to tire co: Pntiar.ce of the existing Tat ;ff. that its operation has been to cfT ct a reduction ct i gle fact in the outset. The diminution 4 ! price has been gnu rul as well in relation j to articles which are r.ot protected by the 'existing tat iff cf duties as to those which are. It cannot theiefn-e have arisen from tii's cause. p,ct us remember now, that this diminution .,f puce lias occurred every whet e abroad as well ;is at home and net only in an equal, but, as a necessary const qucr.ee of the Tat iif.'in a rt eater do"-1 grt-e there tiirm hero. Among ti.err.nses

nor, then, obvious, tht a system t re- coicifif to t he a: i;u :r cr.t tv hich i ? ur "t r1 tended irtaliatim which enfetters the tto- be a slate of unite: s;! d- . i.d r " ductive energies of our own peop!e. what precisely the same con-W,- v' n '.' ever niav be its efhet upon that nation, rnut f,ir. . ; .:

l v v v o ill 11 T HJ 1. t ltd V- Vftil

w hich hat e produced lids r esult, two prom- J II the sUp;es?ion hp prr-cr?, in its rpinent ones are presented to your consid ra-j plication to the iieccssitica ot the t;uution the eiuniaished amount of the circu- try duiirq; a s'a-e of or. v.n cr'uj'.iv' latmg medium of the wot hl and the us- ,ufac.ory answer my te giu n ' I? i"s :itenishmg iniptov n.et;ts whieh have lien I ,, , . j , , r i -i questionably the cu'y cl cvrtv cc--introduced m the modes of production, i re j 1 , - , ' .e--..-

cfp cost of production is less the comparative value of money has become greater. Can we wonder at the resim? Take the case e f cotton goods thoe 'nave fdien inpri e here ! .-inoc the nactment cf the I ai.iT liut the same thing is true, not only in an equal, but in a g eater degtee, abroad ana the le-o-on is obvious. I he causes whhh have pro duced this result those which have been be-ft e stated hae elsew bet e been left to j exert t-teir fall influence m :i c;:ng the reduetion of price. Here their optrafon h.as heen restrained bv the coufhctii.g influence if tlie Tariff The reduction thetefore, ith us, has ncecssariiv stopped at a point, which is ascc tt lined by adding the amount of duty to the price of the "unpolled ankle. '1 bus the diminution of price here has not heen produced hy the Tariff, butmdlspiie of it and has been retarded bvit. liut for 1 ibis law, the imported, which wtai'.d Pike the place of the domestic article in the consumption of the country, would be obtained at a price greatly below that which v.e actually pay, and the difference, amounting year ly to many millions of dollars, would be saved to the community. It cannot he dciubted that the prices of all ronur.oehties. the domestic pi eduction of which is forced Lu the in;f:Git'Gn cf u duiijon a vrv artide of a similar description, r ia;st.d bv the amount of duty necessary to tn.rt the exconion of a tor tgn article, or that this i.icreaseef j;t ire is paid by the Cf iisuivt r. and th' lass to the nathn which is occ.v'ooed by this svs'eui of pt otet lion, is r.early equal to! such oih.-i once or p: tc. "Phe success which has aTter.-ed the man uficturc of rottf i,s is used to ilhiMrate and. oi face atojthers. ggestion in favour of tire - Tar: If. It is said that, by means of the pro- j lection a fib: ded by Government, reanof.ic-j turers at e enabled toovercon.c the (iit.hml-i dies incident to new cnterpi i-e rmd that! this jirotf ction is ultimatt-'V repaid to tne j cooirounitv in the reh.iced price at v hie hi tlie article is furnished. We have alrtadv

,hovv-n that tliis reduction in pric.p, in tliejjurious inttuence. Speaikin w uJi 1 e-fer

i a tern penary encouragenu ot from Go - - m me-tu, wi-'ich would not ether vise, at h a-t at that tin e, come into sorcessfid pt ration, and that the community nrght be uitrmat. I rt-pahlin the manner which is sorq.osed. the ioi.owuo" e o!isK;er,;ioTis seeui (o caiveiV to repel ' I idea of repel the tot ce ot th .... excluded bv tV. suee;''srif n, permanent protection i, . 1 1 hv rn'nrP rf tfu nrrvcit itinn VHVy OUlUi V J Ul (O WJUIWil 1 1 j J I t i w hirh is m onosed is tpnmnr.n v n-rreU I and t hc nut siion whether i is to be ul !lim3t4Jiv repaid to the con.muniiv. is, ,..,r.. rr...do . ,s r . .1... . . . . cV,ai'J..v inuuw v utpvi'll on I I I v, ? U I t. ' J ( . r , , , , . . . ' I ,ncIU It is v. oppress who are to deter i . . . . . . i, . ... ...... . . ioo:t m uu . v u,;oi u.c . wpi i;i - du tn" at uzau tne nTorrsis tu hp I community, by the force d establishment - i 0f the uroonsed manufacture T ue ! roiefion to bo dptrrniind drrn r rls nnun .... . . t e t . . . . . ui'. e i : eu io ion in pi .on. oo l ue s , to i atMaLoniuioir ui w mill ioue.il lf.ii III - ( r'.i!io:i isoavlotls v UK isnpri"ih.f ( (,"ui tti?cd as that body is. it is difficult to. : conceive ol one less htltd lor such re - ! frer.ce. On the other haul tbeteii ai.

.

sure tjimc of securing profit, if, .y tpci which th-vf rpitalhb bn ntmlY'n i. rarest accident, profit sliouhl ai use. and' Wht n v c direct our attertion to t e ir.0f throwing the loss upon the commuui 1 flurncc of the protrciir. s'trr. on the t y pi pjs sduld trauc. ! 1 at igu.i-r. cl the ccut,lty,rc n.:ht g'nfi

tr ; s:i is .. . . i i . . . . " as "c 51 "icmatto im pr oci ic-, v.n: d nbrn the amount . f r''.'Ction, a: d increase the sum c ! human co! i'v .-r. Jut such a state of t';."tf. vr,,r : ctcrcourtic cf fcny j;ivtn ration with the ether nations of the world, to the extent of that intercourse, whether y frstern cf Tree Trade or of partial rcstricwithout recognizing the hct of ,i cor responding dependence c:i t.'ve other. -liut such a state of mums! ccpt m!c rce is a source c! grat;!a:i on i::her :hai t ; i egret, tincc it :ives to e.ch nation ?.r increased facility for the dei t ! r rov r t c i its highest energies, ei-laes the sum cc its enjoyments, aiid f-flVds Ihe suecst Ru,a,Uec fcr lc pe-cc a id haitr.ory of the world. intuitu be prepared lor those ct P. c wuh othtr rations, which it is not idv? 5 possible to avoid; hut thiiis mo-,; effectually cone by the unresttictcd exertion ol its peaceful energies. In a ;nverii mem ccr.sti uttd as rips is, srd m ara ted as it is by the Atlaii ic fiom the rv lions cf the old world, it is teasct aide to picsume that such conflicts will beiMe. The intervals of peace e.'dl piohb') Lc of much the longest doiri-n. end our system of permanent policy thft.de!, theiefore, be teguiaud ciie.dv v'nh a view lo this state of our np i,a existence, liut the decisive anier to this sngr-nsiion is, that n.onc y cc.i s .i uu the sinews of war, and that i s fcv ic eirce-a s 1 ... 1 l)t-st provided lor by emicort; the ration in time ol j:eate A tys'.t.n 1 F.ca Trade will muimy tor.diire to this c-b-jt ct. 1 lie lesoutcts v. I.i : h it will P;rnish, w ill sccuic the sti . : r s ot the neutral Jruder, ami thtsc, v. ith tur c an internal manufaciuies, which ate fiie-idy independent of Icgisla'ivs pro:. cn n, will umpiy supply out w:ds :u sect, an emergency. It is one and not the 'cast cf the c v:? of the systt rnw hich we dt pi cce.tej J.a it I a a tendency to demoraiiyr ru; 1 r- s s a habituate thetn to evasions of the :e'.t, and to enooui age theodi:us ar.d Octctta1 bh- orrir t irr of vnin-rc!!, I . 1 1 r i';. j 1 - h, .- h - 1 - ble cor.Si ouence is. the rt r: h n t.i j clandtotine 'mpo: taticn, -jt.d ii t u itics 1 which ate ; ffoded bv ur v.idiv eyt. r.4 , . dcu inland a el ocean fromiei. "ive in, ? unj.v to tj,c arr.u,-,er b 1 ' t n . 5Cie,al intcrei's o. rj'rice.l;ure' oaviaiion, conirnerce, the n.tchanK mis. anil ecii oij l.frliej 'i U : v'S '.(tinj setve, this system operates vih-riiu- - ; i's tf anster to other erpjf-) m.n:-. n. t have a tendency to diminish thei; r It is in the sou'.bern por iootf the U. u p. j .1 a- this will be tnot x tosivtlv l, It 1 hc t;olllt:,Uc rna ket will tx'-aui portion or its trrtr.t staple, wtoo . cn'p3ia'.iveiy: small, ar.d the m 1. c; ,e ! residue will seek in ain lor a oi-n 1 portion ot its iniarket. it toe rr.anulat t o t s rt (tier ; a'ions tre, in tfket. ar.d p- r ; ? . d i f)(: eluded trow cur por's: i . . s:.: ol i e r t z t sJtllltlgS WCV t.Ot Gl CO OCC U r isivo! iMi'mc a h -o.. d -'a - I ' .,...;.! r... . .. .... : i .. . ;-''" r.. , ... n.e.'.i 01 ..err;. .: u: : - . ; - - - f ; ue a ifs. r: :a v ir:uu c c r:i. r cr f- r s " - .., u i a eo. ! jurelir-se, ins-ead ol evcParp?; I si c will be I'igeel hy the itrorr--! r. .0- ' siflcr ation, Ij sceji 'h at supply fiom : .o" M bf V. a 11 r r e i I 1 .f r rr. m i O. r . , . . : . . . ne . - - - . k, , , w - turn li ttiis sv stern be rtpd trd tt. i - i..at i.i, ou pus.icu oi u.c p-o... n r v ; extent to w hich it seems u.tv p. bv so j 1 c LU'i pa.i.;-r t. thcrefoe, iitevctably beaitd. .her is hj

! Natiora! lndcpt-r.dcr.ee 1 o ::s th

i . -