Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 22, Number 24, Vincennes, Knox County, 23 July 1831 — Page 4

TO ISABEL. 1 do net love thee Isabel and yet then art nicst fair, A being w idely beautiful as sunny visions are And thou art in thy gladdest hour, and melody and mirth Arc gushing down thy being's sky, and o'er its shadcless earth. I might have knelt like other fools before a winning shrine, So breathed with rain-bow tinted flowers, so very fair as thine, I might have praised the raven curls around thy forehead thrown The glances of thy glorious eye the music of thy tone. I might have loved thee Isabel I know I should if aught Of all thy outward mcin had told of one exalted thought; If through the cloud of fashion the pictured veil of art. One casual flash had broken, warm, thrilling from the heart. But no thou wast most beautiful unrivalled at the ball Couldst whisper nonsense gracefully flirt, laugh, and that was all; And there were fools enough to pour their flatteries in thine ear, And thou wast ju-t discreet enough to pause and smile and hear. I blame thee not for gaiety I would not call a shade Of pensiveness upon that brow where smiles so long have played I would not call thee from thy bright and sunny pathway back, nowery tract. Oh no smile on smile gaily on in fashion's atmosphere. Forget the past its light and shade Its rapture and its tear, Turn carelessly from friendship's tone of warning or regretKnjoy the empty praise of fools a beautiful coquettel T do not love thee Isabel I would as soon put on A crown of splendid frost-work beneath the heated sun, Or chase the wind of summer or trust the sleeping sea Or lean upon a shadow, as dream of loving thee! From the Nashville Herald. DISCOVERY OF AMERICAContinued.) The succcsstul enterprises stimulated the Portuguese to prosecute their discoveries still farther, but their advemurous spirit received a check in the death ot princ Henry in the year 1463. At this i uuir nipm.Mi uiieu nc iiironc oi t or lugai, but he was too much occupied Mith his wars against tixe Moors ot Bar bary, and in attempting to gain possession of the throne of Castile, to which he had claim, to enter with zeal in the prost-cution of voyages ol discovery, the advantages of which appeared to him uncertain and remote. He, therefore, committed the direction of them to Per : Ai.-t . cn.j . i. a. i r r mndo Gomes, a merchant of Lisbon, to whom he granted the exclusive right of commerce, with the countries already discovered. Gomes was more in'ent ipon turning to his own advantage the commercial privileges which had been granted him, than engaging in new enterprises Some progress, however, was made during the life of prince Henry,! tnc Portuguese had advanced within five debtees of the equinoctial line, they now vente-J to cross it, and to their aston ishmcnt they found that, a tho' the na tives were DiacK as ebony, with short, crisp or curled hair, which they attribu ted to the excessive heat of the climate, the country was not only habitable, but sustained a very considerable population On the death of Alphonzo in the year 143 1 , John II, ascended the throne He possessed talents of the first order he was capable cf fotming and executing reit designs, and declaring himself the patron of every attempt at discovery, he piomoted every enterprise undertaken for that pur pose, with all the ardor which dis'.ioguincd tiis nobie uncle. Prince! lieu During his reign Bartholomew Dias, a boid and skilful navigator, disco vered the cape now known by the name ol the Cape of Good Hope, but to which lie give the name ot Cabo Tormemoso, or tire Stormy Cape, in consi.quence of the violence of the storms which there prevailed. Having reached this point, the mutinous spirit of the crew, and the decayed condition of his vessels, obliged f Dus, to return to Portugal, altc an absence of sixteen months. The fame of Portuguese discoveries f prcad over Europe, and attracted the attention of the curious and the adventuions; amongst others of Christopher Columbus. This celebrated man, at the oany age oi lourieen, cnicreu upon that rr ... , . Xprwiission which eventually conducted htm to glory and renown. His first voy,igc were confined to the ports of the ?,Iediterrancan, frequented by his comtnercial countrvmcn, the Genoese. He subsequently attached himself to a kins man, wtu commanded a small quadion wi'h considerable reputation, and. in his LIT run voyages gained much information and experience as a mariner. In the year l47f. he visited Lisbon, and soon after rnarrvin' a Portuguese lady, he ci Lis residcucc itj that country, and

rr.ado several voyage t to Madeira and the uificient possessions of the Portuguese un the coast of Africa. By his numerous voyages, Columbus became one of the most skilful navigators of the age, and his mind naturally inquisitive, led him to reflect upon the possibility of finding Nout a passage to India by sea, but by a different route from that pursued by the Portuguese, who hoped to reach that country, by turning to the cast after they had sailed round the larthcr extremity of Africa. His imagination had been warmed by the glowing descriptions of the kingdoms ot Caihary and Cipango, by Marco Polo, who had travelled farther towards the cast than any other European. From long and close application to the study of geography he drew the conclusion that, as the continent of India stretched out towards the cast, it must in consequence of the 6pherical figure of the earth, approach nearer to the islands which had been discovered to the west of Africa; and, that the most direct, as well as the shortest course to the unknown regions of the east, was to be found by sailing due west, and, after comparing the observation of modern navigators, with the conjectures of ancient authors, whose works he had carefully studied, he was convinced that by sailing towards the west, across the Atlantic, new countries would be discovered, which he considered necessary to complete the globe Although his hypothesis concerning In dia was not strictly correct, he deserves not the less credit on that account. Having completely satisfied himself of the truth of his system, he was desirous of proving it by experiment. With this view, he laid his scheme before the senate of the city; explained his views, and presented the advantages, commercial and political, that wouid necessarily result to the public from the discovery of a new route to India, the crreat source

of European wealth at that time. The cupidity of his countrymen was excited, but unaccustomed to distant voyages, St but little versed in the science of geo graphy, they could form no just estimate of the principles upon which he founded his hopes of success. They treated his idea of the discovery of distant lands, and a new route to India, as the chimeras of a distempered imagination, and rejected his proposal. By no means dis couraged at this failure, he next applied to John II, king of Portugal, in whose dominions he tad resided John listened to his proposals with a favorable ear, and referred the consideration of his plan to the bishop of Cueta, and two Jewish physicians. They disapproved of his proposal, but at the same time advised the king, to despatch a vessel secretly, in order to attempt the proposed discovery, by following the couise Columbus point cd out. John, meanly adopting their ad vice, despatched a vessel, which return ed without accomplishing any thing Columbus on discovering the means employed by the king, to rob him of the glory ot the discovery, left the kingdom, and arrived in Spam at the close of the year 1484 At the period of his arri val, Spain was engaged in a bloody war with the Moors of Grenada, the last of the Moorish kingdoms ol that country So deeply occupied were the Spanish monarchs in there endeavors to possess themselves of the country o' the infidels, where the crescent had waved triumphant seven hundred years that Columbus had little hopes ol succeeding, until the ter mmation of the tnterpnze. Ferdinand and Isabella, paid so much attention to it, as to submit the consideration ot his plan to Talavcra, the queen's confessor Talavera consulted such of his country men, as were best qualified, fiom their scientific attainments, to judge ot the practicability of the enterprise. But, surh was the state ol science at that time in Spain, notwithstanding Arabian learning had not so long shone with splendor there, and cast its radiance over Europe, that those persons whom Talavera called to his assistance, were too ignorant to comprehend the principle upon which the conjectures and calcula ions of Columbus were founded. Some from the mistaken notions as to the dimensions ol the globe contended that, such a voyage as he contemplated, could not be accomplished under three years All the objections that ignorance and j narrow minded prejudice could oppose, were urged against him No difficulties, however, could discoui ate him none ot o the sarcasms thrown out could disturo his equanimity He possessed a large share of that enthusiasm which renders superior minds confident ot success he met all their objections by arguments St reasons they could not refute, and they at last sheltered themselves under the maxim, "that it is presumptuous in any one, to suppose that he alone possesses knowledge superior to all the rest ot mankind." He entertained a conviction that nothing could shake, that undisco vered countries lay beyond what appear cd to ordinary minds, a boundless ocean . . . i his conviction, however, he could not impress upon Talavera and his associtJ impre ss upon Talavera and his associtJ ft U' If tl r it til A rn tf.f fi . , ' -i r- f x r their first conference, made a repoit of so unfavorable a character, that Colum bu was informed, that until the issue of the war with the Moors, they could not engage m an expedition of so much un certainty. Despairing of being able induce the Spanish monarchs, to engage in the undertaking, he determined to withdraw from Spain and visit England (whither he had previously sent his brothcr Bartholomew.) He hoped to be

more successful with Henry VII, who then filled the throne. He was on the eve ol departure, when Juan Peres, a learned ecclesiastic who was in favor with the queen, begged him to postpone the journey. Peics having satified himself of the solidity of the principles upon which the theory of Columbus was founded, ventured to write to Isabella urging her to reconsider the matter. Isabella was moved by his rtpresenta (ions, and invited Columbus to repair to Santa Fe, w here the court then resided. He appeared before the monarchs, with the same confidence as lot merly, repeated his propositions, and explained his views at length, but at the moment when he expected a successful issue, to his great mortification his plan was again rejected. He once more withdrew, with the intention of prosecuting his voyage to England, but about this time Granada surrendered, and Ferdinand and Isabella entered the city in triumph. While the

ancient hills of the Alhambra, resounded j with the sounds ot victory, the friends of Columbus, seizing the favorable mo ment, again pressed his suit He was recalled to court, and a treaty finally con eluded on the 17th April 1792. Thus after eight years constant attendance, Co lumbus found himself on the eve of departing, on that glorious enterprise which has placed his nnme high upon the rolls of fame, amongst the benefactors of mankind, and erected to his memory a monument more durable than brass or marble. Alter nearly four months preparation three small vessels were fitted out, and on the 3d August 1492, he set sail from the port of Palos, in the presence of an immense crowd, who with tcais in their eyes supplicated heaven to crown the work with success He sailed directly for the Canary Islands, where he arrived on the 10th August, and sailed thence on the 6th September Here the voyage may be properly said to begin Behold these bold adventurers now launched upon the trackless ocean, bending their couise to the unknown regions of the west, leaving behind them all that b- und them most closely to existence wives at d children, friends and kindred doubts as to the issue resting upon the minds ot all but their illustrious leader, who, confident of success proudly anticipated the glory and honor that awaited him Day after day passed and nothing appeared but the expanse of ocean; the hearts of the crew began to fail them, &c they despaired of ever again beholding the land of their nativity. Columbus was driven to every artifice to sustain the sinking courage of his companions Falling in with the trade winds they were carried rapidly to the west, and in order to keep his crew in ignorance of the true distance of their native shores, Co lumbus kept two reckonings, one private tor his own use in which the true way of the ship was noted, the other public, and accessible to the crew, in which several leagues were daily sub'racted The va riation from the compass now observed for the first lime, filled his people with 3larm their superstitious fe3rs made them imagine, that the laws of nature weie chaneeel that the needle which heretofore invariably pointed to the pole. . J. . was about to loose its virtue, and that they were destined to be driven about without a guide, at the mercy of the winds and the waves. To allay their tears Columbus, who was seldom at a loss for expedients, told them, that the variation was not caused by a fallacy in the compass, bu by the motion of the polar star, which like other heavenly bo dies, had its revolutions, and every day described a circle round the sun This explanation completely satisfied them, and quieted their terrors When we advert to the trying scenes of this interesting and important voyage, we cannot bu admire in Columbus that happy ta lent tor governing and soothing the passions ot men which was so conspicuous in him throughout. The kind digni ty and affability of his manners, his knowledge in maritime affairs, and his unwearied attention to the duties of his command, gave him great ascendency over the minds of men, who, from the na ture of the undertaking, had full leisure to brood over the uncertainty of the prospect before them. Thev understood not the principles upon which it was toundetl, and to them the issue was un certain. Their uneasiness daily increa sed, and from secret murmurs, they at length rose into open and undisguised mutiny and dangerous conspiracylosing all sort of subordination, they de manded that he should conduct them to Spain, or they would seek their own salety by taking his lite. Columbus at this dangerous juncture found it vain to contend with passions he could no longer control. He therefore nronosed. thev snouiu ooey tus orders lor three days I 1 v. . . longer; and should they not discover land in that time, he would then direct his course for Spain. They complied with his nronn.il. Wh ;-.;n iKn . . " situation of this exalted man durine this

period? How acute must have been hisisu

ciiu.gs: now restless insanxicu: Ilv-

cry thing he held dear was at stake, his ; he made as canno: fdl to be perfectly satis -honor, his reputation! If he failed in j factory. the enterprise, the contempt of Europe! The publishers request their country awaited him, for the eyes of the world j brethren to give the above notice a tew iuwprs dirrrtPrt u: ... :n,i;,.n, i sertions in their respective journals. I he

toytion of a disappointed monarch, who had w,vm lunuiuj llllll, till. Iliwu-lia- . . ielded but a cold and tare-v assent to the undertaking would tall heavy upon him his future life would be worn out within the gloomy walls of a prison! If he succeeded, honor, glory, fame and wealth

would be Us reward he would be hailed by future generations as their benea tur How much then depended on thou three day? On the evening of the third day, the indications of land became so numerc us that the heart ot his crew bounded with hope the sun set but no land appeared. Columbus, however, was so well convinced of the proximity of land, that he ordered the sails to be furled and the vessels to lio to during the night. About midnight the cry of land was heard from the headmost ship, and the morning of the 12th dissipated all doubt. Spread before them, and rising from the bosom of the ocean, was a fer tile and beautiful island, clothed in all the beauty of nature, and rich in all the lux uriance and freshness of spring, whilst "there was a soft and gentle flush upon the ambient air." The sailors on be holding so lovely and cheering a pros pect, after seeing for many weeks nothing but a wide and melancholy waste of

waters, were as ardent in their admira tion of the boldness and skill of their commander, as they had previously been mutinous and ungovernable. Columbus landed richly attired, and throwing him self upon his knees, gave thanks to God, in which he was joined by his com pa nions. He then caused the royal stand ard to be displayed, and took formal possession in the name of their C atholic Majesties, giving the island the name ot St Salvador. Great was the astonishment of the Spaniards on beholding the natives of the island a people so different from themselves. They appeared in all the simplicity of nature; without clothing, their long black hair floating upon their shoulders, and their faces and bodies painted, according to the fancj of each. 'I hey imagined the ships which had so suddenly burst upon their astonish ed sight, to be monsters of the deep, and the Spaniards to be children of ihe sun, who had descended to visit the earth They approached them with care, and bowed bclore them in the attitude of adoration. The sound of the cannon was to them as the thunder of heaven, and the flame of fire which issued from their mouths, as the lightning of an oflended deity. Their fears, however, gradually left them they found the Spaniards to be meie men, the sons of earth, and in a short time a familiar in tercoursc was established. But little did they imagine the calamities they were destined to endure from their cruntrymen in after times little did they think their peaceful "vallies were to be the scenes of violence and outrage and that wide spread desolation would sweep them from the face of the earth; happy would it have been for them had no European keel ever ploughed their peaceful waters, or European foot trod tt.eirsoil. T. THE SATURDAY COURIER, A WBLKLY JOURNAL, OF NEWS, LITtKATUKE, MANUFACTURES &C &C. The largest Newspaper printed in Phila delphia, and the cheapest in the United States. Terms only &2 per annum, half annually m advance. PUIi1. ATTENTION is respectfully JL invited to this popular weekly nubhea tion furnishing, as it certainly d es, one of the most acce ptable vehicles ot information to persons whose occupations will not per mit them to enjoy the advantages of peru sing the daily journals, and also for those who reside out of the city, and desire (for a moderate equivalent) an acquaintance with the earliest and current news. The SA l'URDAY COUUIER is printed on the patent Napieh Press and occu pies twenty-eight columns of the large class, which is renewed every week, and includes Light Reading, in all its departments, Internal Improvements, Commerce, Agriculture, Domestic Manufactures, Prices Current of Stocks, The Grain and Flour Market, Public Sales of Groceries, &c. &e. Foreign and Domestic Intelligence, re ceived during the week, (r-And all other subjects of an interesting nature. The publishers have already received the tnost flattering assurances of complete sue- ' ces,sand lt is llieir intention lo keep up j corresponding efforts to make their Journal deserving the nooularity it has obtained The publishers have the advantage of ve ry extensive facilities of obtaining informa tion at home and abroad which rs afforded bv an abundant exchange with all the prin cipal papers in the Union besides which, their office is furnished with the best Lon don and Liverpool papers and Magazines cf the earliest dates. The publishers intend to devota annually a portion of the profits of their work, to the promotion f the cause cf Literature. As soon as proper arrangements can be effected a premium of Out jrxmittrev Dounra -w -mr C i will he awarda. kr the bet American 1 ale. i The eentlcmtn who shall be se-lectsd to de I cide the award, shall be named at the time j of offering the premium. I he publishers arc aware ot tnc m.ncauy

i iuniiHiiS uxk.it v 'V1" . fcW wceks. when such arrangements will QbtlUiV "III w " - . i . -.m.-. f vrr it'll! r i i'f mrnriiti f All orders for the Saturday Courier, (containing the price of subscription.) must be addressed to WOODWARD & SPR ACG. Philadelphia. Subscription"! received at this office.

irr . .i.- L: d-i..tIk' -y-J w.v,

JN pursuance ot law, I, ANDREW JACKSON,Prcsidentof ti e United States ot America, do hereby declare and make known, that public saLs will be held at the undermentioned Land Ofces, in the state of Indiana, at the periods designated, for the sale of the lar.ds heieinafter mentioned, vix :

At the Land Office at Vincennes, on the 3d Monday in July next, mind at the Land Office at Jejftrsonvilir, on the 1st Monday in August next, For the disposal of such relinquished and reverted lands, within the present limits of thote districts, not hcietotoro exposed to public sale, subsequently to their relinquishment or reversion to the United States, as shall not, prior to tho filth day of July next, have been paid for or redeemed, agreeably to the provisions of the Act ot Congress, approved on the 31st day ot March, 1830, entitled : 'An Act for the relief ot the purchasers of the public lands, and for the suppression of Iraudulent practices at the pub'ic sales of the lands of the United States," and of the Act vupplemer.niy thereto, approved on the 25'h Cay of Feb 1831. jit the Land Office at Fort Wayne, cr. the st Monday of June next. For the Bale ot the following townshipsy viz : Township thity-tvjo, north, of Range ten east : Township thirty three, north, of Ranges nine, ten, eleven, and txvctvet cast ; Township thirty four, north, cf Ranges, nine, ten, and eleven, cast; Township thirty Jive, north, ot Range?rr. sixy seven, eighty and nine, cast ; Township thirty six, rorth, of Ranges, three, four, five, six, seven. eight, and nine, east ; 1 ownship thirty seven, north, ot Ranges Jive, six, and seven, east ; 1 ownship thirty eight, north, ox Ranges Jive, stx, seven, eight, and nine9 east ; At the Land- Office at Cratofordsville, on the 2d Monday in June next, For the disposal of the undermention ed 1 ownships and Fractional townships, viz : Fractional township thirty Joir, north of Range three west ; Fractional township thirty five9 north of Range txso west ; Fractional township thirty-six, northj of Range one west ; Fractional township thirty seven, north ol Ranges four, Jive six, sevtn, and eight, west ; Fractional township thirty teven, north of Range one east ; Also, at the same times and places will be exposed to public sale, without reserve, all sections or paits ot sections, subject to be sold by the United States, and situate within the iespective limits of the aforesaid Land Districts, and within any township heretolore offered at public sale, which may net have beea heretolore exposed to public sale Lists ot the particular tracts of land may be had at the respective Land Offices above named. The sales will be kept open for a terra not exceeding two weeks, and no longer than may be necessary to offer all tho tracts intended to be embraced by this proclamation, and the lands reserved by law for the use of schools, or for other purposes, will be excluded from sale. Given under my hand at the City cf Washington, the 25ti- day of March, 1831. ANDREW JACKSON. Bv the President : Elijah Havward, Comm'r cf the General Land Office. April 23 12THE LADY'S BOOK, THE JULY NUI1BER A NEW VOLUME. The next publication, which will be early in July, will commence another seriei; there will be every exertion used to retaiu the favorable impression which has beea obtained for the work at home and abroad; and the publishers have no doubt in Being fully able to realize the expectations of their friends. The July No. will be embellished' with the quarterly plate cf the fashion, which will be offered as a specimen of future improvements, its execution will be superior to any thing which has yet appeared in this country ot the kind. Having redeemed the pledge we made to the public in the onset, to make the worL creditable to ourst-lves, and satisfactory to all who patronise it. wc feci authorized to state, that as our abilities and willit.gness have increased with an augmented list of subscribers, no effort shall be wanting on our part to render the future numbers, in every particular, superior to those which have been so extensively approved. A lare amount cf dues on subscriptions remains uncollected. Wc respectfully request agents and others whose accounts arc itill unclosed, to forward the balances due us, in their hands, at once, that no mistake may hereafter occur in furnishing the uork. promptly to those who settle their arrears. The enormous expenses which are necew tensive scale we have ari. pted, dees not ad mit cf an apology for thus seasonably soliciting from all a compliance with cur terms. A fe w of the numbers from the firM cf Januarv, are still on I' and, and can be obtained by persons who wUh to subscribe. . All orders (enclosing the- price cf subscription mubt be aildrred to L. A. (iODF.Y & CO. 112 Chesnut street IMul id Ij h'u. lUauUB tor UUutto Oa hand and for eultf at this Oak.