Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 22, Number 2, Vincennes, Knox County, 19 February 1831 — Page 1

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SELIHU STOUTJ VZSffOSIffSfSa, (Ml.) SikTUHD-&Y, F3BRiL&IiY 29, 1831. fVOLTsXEL IIO 2

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IS published at g2 50 cents, for 52 numbers; which may be discharged by the payment of 82 at the time of subscribing. i'aymcnt in advance, being the mutual interest of both parties, that mode is solicited. A failure to notify a wish to discontinue at the expiration of the time subscribed for, will be considered a new engagement; no subscriber at liberty to

discontinue, until all arrearages are paid. Subscribers must pay the postage on their papers when sent by mail. Letters by mail to the Editor on business must be paid,or they will not be attended to. Producr will be received at the Cash Market Price, for subscriptions, if delivered within the year. Advkrtiskmkkts not exceeding thirteen lines j will be inserted three times for one dollar, and twenty-five cents for each after insertion longer ones in the same proportion. JC7 Persona sending Advertisements must specify the num ber of times they wish them inserted, or they will be continued until ordered out, and must be for paid accordingly. BY AUTHORITY. Ififi MINIMI , I,AWS OF Til?: UNITED STATES, PASSF.D AT TlIK SECOND SESSION OF THK TWENTY-FIRST CONGRESS. ;Xo 3. AN ACT making appropriations for carry ing into effect certain Indian treaties. Be it enacted by the Senate and House nf Representatives rf the United States cf AiiiTlea in Congress assembled. That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated for the service of the year one thou.saud eight hundred and thirty: Ft r tin: nnriuM support of a school for the cdvi.;ti;jn of Indian youth, as stipulated for bv t!r' six'ui anisic of the treaty of the fifth Of Au:.;ast, ore thous-'d eight hun1 1 twentysix, wlrii the Chippewa tr.i t Imii.ms. one t'vMsand dollars: I- ihe payment of tiie annuity of two 'diotr, d dollars. and also thf sum of two thou .i-J dollar- for education, as stipulated fo k ill- third article of the treaty of the sivet-in )rto')er, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six, with the Potawattarnic, te .inn ad sum of four thousand dolIar; l u the annual 'Cpport of a blacksmith r..l miller, aad for 'vnishi.ig annually one ...T.itidred and sixty bash' is of salt, under the a:ne treaty, one thousand five hundred and twenty dollars; For the payment of the permanent and limited annuities provided for by the second Article of tlie. treaty with the l'otawaturiiics, of the twentieth of September, one thousand eiht hundred and twenty-eight, annually the sum of three thousand dollars; Fortobicco, iron, steel, education, annui.y to the principal chief, and employment ot 1 iborers, bv same article, one thousand Mine hundred and sixty dollars; For payment of permanent ar.nnity under the fourth articles of the treaty with the ?vli imies, of the twenty-third of October, n- thousand eiht hundred and twenty-six, twenty -five thousand dollars; For iron, steel, tobacco, and laborers by sau.c article, one thousand cne hundred dollar-.; For support of the poor and infirm, and fr education, under the sixth article of said treaty, two thousand dollars. Andrew Stevenson, Sieakcr of the House cf Representatives. John C. Calhoun, President cf the Senate. Approved, 13th January, 1331. ANDREW JACKSON. TN'o. 4 AN ACT for the benefit of schools m Lawrence county, .Mississippi, j lie it enacted by the Senate and House of K' f.re.s( ritunv( s of the United States cf ..)) t.tc in Ctngress assembled. That one section uf the public lands subject to priU: entry and sale in the State of Mississippi, r r located for the use and benefit of school in Lawrence county, in said State, in lieu of the sixteenth section sold and patented to Will Whitehead. M.ction 2 ,ind be it further enacted, Th it an person appointed by order of the Probate Court in and for the county of Lawrence, be, and he is hereby, authorized to locate the quantity of land named in this act. f ir the purpose above named. Approved. January 13, U31. A RESOLUTION in relation to the transmission of public documents printed by order of cither House of Congress. Rrs-'lv d bu the Senate and Ilrusr 'Refireser.tati vrs 'of the United States of.imeri-i-a n Cnress assembled. That nothing contained :n the act to reduce into cue the several icts establishing and regulating the Pwt Ofnce Department, approved March third, one thousand eigi.t hundred and twenty-five, shall be construed to repeal or limit the operation of the act authorizing the transmission of certain documents free of postage, approved December nineteenth, one thousand eight hundred and tvventycJie. Approved, 13th Januarj. 1831.

IUEI?OI7 J certain prosperity and glory of the state. OF the committrf. on canals AND ! 'r the purpose of demonstrating the vast internal improvements. j advantage our canal w.li present to south - cm and eastern trade OTer the more expenThc following report was made to the I Slve canal of Ohio, the following notice of

senate uy .ir. ivsving, ana io the House of, iwncuuut5 u i iuLnAis me iormer gentleman being Chairman of the con; mittee on Canals and Internal Improxcments in the Senate, and the latter in the House of representatives. The committee on Canals and Internal Improvements, to whom was referred a norc f .. at . . uuu vl uic uu(.iiiui message, ana also the reports ot our Lanal Commisior.ers and State Engineer, with other matters, have duly considered the same, and report in part: '1 hat the message presents many objects cf improvement, some of which have heretofore received partial aid and legislative sanction; the Wabash and White rivers more particularly. To procure means to expend on a speedy improvement of these important streams, together with the advancement of the Wabash and Erie canal, and the adoption of a general system of State improvement, (of which these rivers and the canal must be the basis.) by a lateral work, to connect them all with the Ohio near the falls at New Albany, must continue to be the cardinal policy of Indiana. To create and model such a system at the present time, -vould be premature, and, if now established, its beneficial results would be questionable, until the chief parts to form a basis be completed, and then the lateral work of union will b rendered obviously proper. In the mean time, our state energies should be concentrated on this great basis of a general accommodation. Under existing circumstances, this course is evidently proper. Our state is happily ex empt from such rivers and mountains, as engender distinct interests elsewhere ours have rather a pleasing tendency; like our language, our laws and products, they are enjoyed in common, and our views of improvement should also be homogenous, for such will soon become the entire character of our population. With a soil, fresh and fertile, our citizens evince industry 5nd cnterpiizc; and a provident care f our means, with the exerci.-e of a becorhmg emulation, must in due time enable vus to perfect the glorious state objects above al luded to. We have the example oJskter states prosecuting works cf utility, and bcoming prosperous ny their efforts. Ale re professions of devotion to such measures will not benefit us now the time has come for action The increasing agricultural interest of our state calls aloud tor the advantages of a more extended commerce; and our young manufactures, with every description of home industry, require additional facilities to increase the prosperity and happiness of all The means of interchanging products at once increase a demand for them; and as a convenient channel of conveyance reduces the price of carriaerr, or opens new markets, it always tends to increase the value of labor. Communication must increse in proportion to its convenience; and population will continue ti multiply at a pace correspondent with the means of employment. The improvement and extension cf the navigation of the Wabash, to unite with the waters of Lake Erie, will present the nearest route by which four or lve sister stages can participate in eastern trade, and benefit by eastern mai kets The ensuing ten ears may be expected to double our population; and in much less time, this outlet, if completed, will double our trade. Our river navigation, with some other interesting objects of improvement referred, will constitute the subject ot another report; and your committee confine their views, at this time, to the subject cf the Wabash and Erie canal. The period has come, when this work recommends itself to the interest and regard of every citizen; and as its prospective benefits are admitted, arguments on that view cf the matter are unnecessary. The short sighted delay cf Ohio to ratify the compact for extending the line through her territory the "ulterior project" cf a rail road intimated to be "less expensive and equally valuable" and an ideal apprehensive of state exactions, by way of taxation, to complete the work, seem to be arguments, which this undertaking must encounter in its progress; therefore a few remarks on each point will serve to introduce the measures your committee have agreed to recommend: First, of the delay of Ohio. Her resources and views are at this time I directed to the accomplishment of a much I more expensive project, exclusively her own; and some of the alternatives pointed to in the message of the Governor, shew conclusively, that our acts in relation to our own important interests, should not for a moment be regulated by any exclusive course that state may choose to adopt. That she should ratify the compact as submitted to her, so that the two states may act simultaneously, is now believed to be mere essential for her benefit, than it mav be for: ours inasmuch as another course may, it is thought, benefit Indiana m a greater, degree. To apply to the United States for privilege to change the application cf the donation of land, if we think it advisable to create a slack water navigation on the Miami, from our state line to the bay; and also for authority to adopt prompt and ctfectu.il measures to ascertain the practicability of making such application (of which i little doubt is entertained) mav soon deter mine the matter. It Ohio had no rival work, the profit to her of our proposition. I would soon be tound to elicit all ber oner g'.es. And what is now our situation? Uni dcr the law of last session, and bv previous acts, the grant of land was unequivocally

I accepted in conformity with the condition ; ses. On rail roads, on the contrary, the re- ! offered in the act cf Congress. Since then! sistance remains the same at all velocities. 1 an irrevocable covenant has been entered! Horse pawer, by an increase of speed over j into by the state, expressly pledging the i five miles, is materially lessened, the canal land, with all its proceeds, canil tolls, cc. I banks are endanger ed, and the rate of in- , for the purpose of constructing the work ci ease of resistance in water is as the vvithin the limits of said condition. Our square of the v olocitv. It seems indeed difduty them, in conformity with existing obli- j ticult to limit the velocity of a steam car-

gatn r.s, is clear, ai d happily coincident ; riage; fuel and trj.'rr must be rude to regwi'Ji the advancement cf the canal, and th? I ulate this piint. Hurse power on i

distances from the Ohio river, at the junc-

j tion or the Wat abash to Lake Erie, by the hue ot the Onio canal, ana the canal of Indiana, is submitted for reflection. OHIO ROUTE. From Cleveland to Portsmouth, (canal line) From Portsmouth to Louisville, From Louisville to the mouth of the Wabash, 312 miles 1160 500 Total. INDIANA ROUTE. From Maumee bay to our state line, (canal) From state line to Tippecanoe rier, (canal) From Tippe canoe to the mouth of the Wabash, 872 75 miles 130 430 Total, Difference, 635 237 miles. Freight from New York can be delivered at Maumee Bay, as cheap as at Cleveland the Wabash route is almost one fourth the nearest; and there must be an immense saving of tolls in the difference of upwards of a hundred miles of canal navigation, in our favor, the entire length of our canal line being but 203, while that of Ohio is 312 miles. It the anticipated effect of the foregoing difference holds forth inducements to prefer the Wabash route, and operates in any degree to deter Ohio from promoting our work, should it not, at least in an equal degree, influence Indiana to proceed vigorously to provide for its completion? A memorial and joint resolution to Congress, on this matter, is herewith submitted, praying a discretionary power to change the application of the land donated to improve the Maumee river by a slack water navigation. The Rail road scheme next presents itself. The relative expense, with the true value of this project, is forced upon us, tacitly claiming, that, like the canal, it might tend to unfold the capabilities of our state, and in some degree augment our industry, vealth, and population. In the United States there are many intelligent men, who advocate the utility of Rr.il roads, while in F.ngland, France and Holland, and all over Europe, such expensive facilities have been sanctioned only, wheie water could not be had for a canal, and for short distances. The longest Railway in England is that from Liveff ool to Manchester, thirty-three nine--; and even- , ; oible advantage of ivo:?, cpgireers and mechanics, and with 1 ibnreis at h nd, it co.t upwards of eighty thousand" iaUci per mue. The tt:;;e nece-s.;- to j.tr' "t f.nch a road, is in exur.t i..iepo.-,oi to lis great ;- pense over tuat of a cani The I' I'linu-. e Rail road and the State ova-ii ot lV.insv! variia, wes'e hog-"- -bout t!-e r:vov rin. v, a few months i .- intervening r-luce then, I science and n ouns have, been expending torty-sean thousand dollars per miie, toi perfect about sixteen miies of the road, while the canal com missioners, at an expense of fJiout 32t),000 per mile, have perfected about one hundred ai.d twenty niles ot the canal this shows the important .difference. Although the point is st ttlea yond all controversy, that in agricultural country, canals are preferable, if the surface of the ground, water and other objects tender navigation attainable. Jet still it is annually made a question here, which structure, a canal or rail-way, offers the greatest advantages to us. The experience of sister states, already adverted to, renders it unnecessary to make any labored comparison. Mr. Josiaii White, of Pennsvl skillful engineer of sound judgment, has estimated and compared the Mauchchunk Railway in that state with the New York canal, and he shows, thatthe expense of construction, and of transporting bulky articles, to be about three times greater, as to a railway, than a canal. We should bo entirely at a loss to come to any accurate conclusion in this state, where iron, th? chief material to make a rail road of any durability, must be imported at a greater expense than it can be had at lialtimore; and the loss of capital such an experiment would create in our new country, so admirably adapted to canals, must pro e the project "visionary" (in the language of a former committee) or shew it to be, if not imaginary, absolutely suicidal. Fut wooden rail-wav s have been eulogized: the duration of which your com mittee need not remark upon. "The first (railways appear to have been used near 1 Newcastle" upon Tyne, in England, about 16S0. The rails were of wood, resting upon wooden sleepers; and in some places, near the I yne, the same species are still in use. The wooden ones however are nearly abandoned for the iron ones, and of the latter there is an immense number branching from both sides cf the Tyne to the various coal works." The lowest possible cost of a wooden rail wav has been recently estimated by Mr. Clinton, an engineer cf New York; but to make it substantial it would cost Si 3, 000 per mile; and the e.-timate of our Mate Engineer of our canal summit level section is but Sr,500 per mile. By the Register ot Arts, it does appear, that iron rail-wavs have cne cei tain advantage over canals for personal travel that is, ratiditu j of motion. Time, estimated as mcney, is ! valuable, but the power applied in each mode or conveyance supposed to be the same, there is at certain velocities, a great difference. At the several veloeiiie-i under five miles per hour, the resistance to oat in canal water is less, than to a carriage by friction passing over any hard substakcr; ' but at a quicker rate, that resistance mcrea

found to produce the best effi-ct as to burthen, at - J or 3 miles per hour: and after all that has been said as to the superior rapidity of rail road transportation, the experience near the Tyne in England, above referred to, has proved, that on the level rails, and when they are in good condition, a horse will draw 2J,000lbs, including the weight cf the carriage, but only at the rate of 24 miles per hour. Rapidity cf transmission, in small vehicles may suit small parcels, or be an object

tor personal accommodation; but the farmer and the Merchant of Indiana have bulk to transmit, and it is known, that for such purposes canals have been preferred, and have been found practicable. That a wooden road subject toearlv decay, or an iron one at thiee times the expense, and that out of our own State, should be thought of in Indiana, as a "substitute" for the Wabash and Erie canal, must excite admiration. The iroD rails alone, would cost us about eight or ten thousand dollars per mile here; and the engines, carriages, and other expeiises, the constant lepairs and frequent casual ties, are all to be considered. A canal, being supplied with water, does not wear out; the locks are easily replaced; but the entire of a ivocden rail road is subject to decay. Your committee dis miss the proposed "substitute," and direct a lew remarks to the idle and un founded (ear ot taxation, also urged without reason, by some opponents of the canal. It cannot be ntccssary here to repeat former arguments to shew, that the Wab-ish and Erie canal will conduce to enrich the ireLSury, and can never, in any way, take honi i. But as attempts have been made to alaim the pecpie on thij poinsit becomes us now to advert to the milter, and exhibit the h ct, that ibis canal can nevei induce taxation, or be come dependant on our State Treasury under any circumstances. A casual view cf the expanse ot country io be come tributary to its accommodation must enrry irresistible conviction to the mind of every man, who can estimate population, products, markets and wants, ihat if it were now completed, its in come would, in probably ten or fifteen years, reimburse the entire expense ol its construction. With our donated mems tbt'i, is . it possible, that it vvii1 fail to become ancnduiing spring ci wed;!t to the Ststt? Injudicious manage mors' cculd oniy produce such a failuic; and the int'.ihgem acting commissioner at 'he head of the present Board, the tsu biished ability, and hip;h lepuiation ol cur Sa?e Engineer, and the r.hdom oi Joe representatives of the people must altcgt ther be token sufficient to guar d against this result. Even in the piogress oJ the work, an expenditure will be niide, which (although proving only io di'ectlv beneficial to the State Treasury) cannot fnil to extend a diffusive impulse and capital to trade, and stimulate our citizens throughout the State, to lenevv ed energy in every branch of business To make 128 mi'es of canal we had 40S,(aOO acres of Sand; of this 41,931 acres so'd for 24,849 50-100 cash, and 46,189 l26 100 yet due on interest, at six per centum, payable annually in ad vancc, avet aging g I 70 per acre, exclusive of the accumulating interest, which wiil double the amount long before the period of cteilit expires. Ve yet hold for future sales 360.000 acres, which must increase in value, 3S the work progresses, and the country improves, far beyond the interest of money ave raged by the late sales- But calculating the land donated at this average, and it will produce about g700,CG0, which with the accumulating interest, the wa j ler power and tolls, would in a short pe riod realize a much larger sum, than the estimated cost of the whole work. The late sale of land was made under the most unfavorable auspicesthe reported uncertainly of prosecuting the canal; the demand of one fourth cash, with interest in advance on the residue the neighbourhood of a tribe of Indians the rumoured uncertainty of the location of par? of the canal line, may severally have had some tendency in pro ducing the result; but a measure has been now agreed upon, and is offered, which will tend to dissipate all such erroneous causes of depression at future sales. This measure will soon remove all doubts of the final completion of the canal, and must demonstrate, that under the irllucnce of wise legislation, no possible danger of taxation or state enthralment, or exactions in anv way, can in reason be entertained. Indeed the fi nances of our State mny soon receive contributions ior this and other objects of utility. A Bill now befer? Congress contemplates a distribution of the surplus revenue of the Union among the States, as ; soon as the national debt be extinguished. Next to allowing us tbe vacant unioid ; lands within oik State, such a distribution may benefit, without interfeiing ! with the General Government. The measure certainly affords some prospect, that all practical objects ot internal im provement within tho State may be accomplished by a gencal :und; and tha, ; instead of increasing charges, we shall , soon have abundant means to enable us ! to answer all State purposes, and ex- ! punie whatever ny be deemed excep ! lioruble in our prcse:u icver.us syitcm,

so as to reduce taxation. Apply the amount of the donated land sales to tho construction of this canal, and long before its expenditure general disposition must be made of the public domain, or the surplus revenue of the United States, by which this and other State cb. jectsof improvement will be facilitated with abundant resources; and the idea of taxation in every point of view, is therefore obviously futile. The commencement of the work will comply with our plighted faith in the acceptance of the conditional donation, and give due confidence to future purchasers of canal lands; and no reasonable

apprehension need exist, as to obtaining all the means required at present, upon the terms and in the manner your Committee have agreed to recommend The known aspect of our situation at this moment, and the obligation heretofore assumed, as well as the best interests of the State (which seem to be faithfully consulted by the judicious ro commendation of our canal commissioners) have suggested to your Committee the plan ot operations for the summit section, provided for in the annexed bill; and, as this plan of beginning must, i? is thought, be acceptable to tbe most tin id, it is hoped, that it may for the present satisfy the most confiding advocate, both of ouramp'.c means and physical power to effect the great object. Col. Moore estimated the cost of the whole line of rhis canal at g 1,08 1,970 ar.d the commissioners infotm us, although Mr. Ridgway, our State Engineer, calculates the cost of the middle or summit section, at about 48,000 more than before estimated, they are confident the tost ot the whole work will not exceed the original estimate some think a considerable excess wiil be found Mr Ridgway, on a cross survey, and minute calculation of every particular, estimates the who'e cost of lhis section of the canal at S21l4755 antl re. quires 24,194 9 for contingencies, r:akr g aitcgtiher an average cost of 87.500 per mile; and a loan is contcmp'ared to covet this estimate, (to be inur redand drawn onU to the extent realized or arising by obligations for lands -olo) on a credit of thirty years, redeemable in u hole or in part, at the option of the State, in twenty 3 tars, bearing an interest of six per ccni.; rvith the csnal lands, tolls, and all benefits in anv way aiising therefrom, pledped in conjunction with a guarantee ot the Sta'e for the payment of imeresi and principal. The loan is to be negotiated, so as to Lear interest only as it may be drawn lor use; and it is never to be drawn, or used to.i greater amount, than the sum due, and bearing equal interest for lands sold 1 hus the faith of the State will stand fortified beyond all possible casualties. The work to be contracted for is also to be regulated by the sums secured by land sales, on the piinciple mentioned. This will afford full security for the state, ard equal security for the sums borrowed, and there is noTeason left to fear for the future safely of either. Your committee will not extend this report to give an analysis of tbe bill annexed Its policy, however is evidently arid fairly calculated for, when the state, by covenant, stands bound to commence tlie canal in a certain period; and any defalcation on her part would net only justify defalcations on the part of purchasers cf the canal lands, but have a paralizrng effect on all future sales and obli gations. 1 he bill vests some discretionary power in the commissioner; this is dictated by sound ptudence, when the confidence i3 safely reposed. In commencing the progressing with the work, telling contracts, calling for means, and transacting all necessary matters, our commissioners will douDtlegg adhere strictly to the interests of the state, under the restrictions and reponsibility of their duty. That funds must necessarily be kept on hand, at the immediate disposal of the commissioners, to meet contingencies, is evident; and the plan proposed by Ohio in arranging with some safe bank, as a place of deposit, where services may be rendered, or interest received for all such sums, will no doubt be pursued; the bill provides for this course. The expenditure of the commissioners during the last year, with the amount of cash cn hand subject to future operations, will be found in the annexed report of the Auditor of Public Accounts, together with an estimate of the cost of transportation to the New. York maket, when the entire work will be completed, at the rate ot tolls on t!e New York canal, and freight as charged. j This estimate has been furnished to 1 your committee for publicity and may j be relied cn. Before concluding this re- , port it may be proper to remind the Gets- : eral Assembly that in the growing popu- ! lation and products of the northern seition ol our state, and in the increased I light, time and experience, cannot fail to j produce a certain economy, and a fixed j confidence will, is is believed, be found ! progressing in the undertaking 1 ho ' extineuishmcnt of all the Indian .vservalines, on and near the line of c?ra1, j cat not long be delayed; and on hi-, is ion every other gei eral stale interest the ! progress uf this caual, as now proposed