Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 22, Number 1, Vincennes, Knox County, 12 February 1831 — Page 1

mewl USfe BIT ELSKXT STOUT. VI37CEIv7i7I!3, (IflL) SATURDAY, FBBSUARY 12, 1831. (VOL. XSH. 3MO 1.

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ENGINEER'S XlEPOiVT. TO TlIF GENERAL ASSEMBLY Of THE STATE F INDIANA. In conformity to "an act to provide means for constructing that portion of the Wabash and Erie Canal, within the state of Indiana' passed January 28th, 1830, the following report of the estimated expense of constructing the mmmit or middle division of said C mal is respectfully submitted. Early in July last, the Hoard of Canal Commissioners of the state of Indiana, in conformity to their instruction?, employed the subscriber to make such examinations as would bo necessary to determine the final location of the middle division of the V:abash and Erie Canal, and to make such estim m-s of the cost of its construction as, in his opinion, would satisfactorily effect the nbjei i contemplated. The examinations w-'-re commenced early in August, and wei i m nsccuted until the latter part of Sep-teinbe'-; during w hich time, so much of the in line a extend from the termination of 'hr- Jos'-p Vs Fee. lor to the mouth of Little N'Aer, toeth- r with the Feeder from the Sc. Joseph's river, was satisfactory located, ornhrav ing together, a distance of 31 miles and 4o chains. In, examinations which have heretofore bec a made across the same summit, by the United States' Engineers, and also by your IV irdol Canal Commissioners, have been found of very great advantage in determining the perm am nt location of the line The elevation of the Base line of the Canal, crowing tlu- summit, seemed to be determined b the height to which the water rises in St. Mary's river, at the contemplated crossing of the canal, as it had been ascertained, bv previous examination, that a line crossing the St. Mary's river, sufficiently elevated to be above the range of its highest floods, would cross the summit, without encountering any extraordinary depth cf excavation. This preparatory step being determined, it became necessary to ascertain at what point on the St. Joseph's river, a fecoer could be taken out to the best advantage, for supplying the summit level with ' .vater. After a close examination of the river, for -everal miles above its confluence with the St. Mary's point about six )ii'!- s above Fort Wayne was selected, as be'.ng nost cuttable for its commencement. liie immediate valley of the St. Joseph, rat ticulariv near its lower termination, is i . .1 n a-' o v, and h'gh bum nanws aiternuieiy pr ij ' into the n -r from cither s:de. One cf ii m Mnff-i it will be necessary to cnn n in i!n construction of the feeder, nn.' . ;.i add very considerably to its cost. T e feeder commono immodi itelv at the lov . r termination ef the second Muff, and at thi t Itc.-' it vvill be nt eessary to construct a a n v ovs the St. Joseph's river, fourteen fee . Svighi, and two hundred and forty fcM i- g, which together wita a guard lock for ' c passage cf bo its from the river into the anal, and also to guard the feeder against the operation of high water, will constitute considerable items of cxpencc. The further extension of the feeder up the St. Joseph, would greatly add to its cot wibout materially diminishing the height ef the d on which it would be necessary to "build, is the river above thi place, has but little fill for many miles. With the exceptio i of the first bluff, wnuh is about threefourths i f a mile in extent, there are no obstacles pieseuted in the construction of the feeder of more than ordinary occurrence: Ee i. - d culvert- ami a small aqueduct acioss Spv Kun, aie the only i I in lining mechanical structures upon the feeder line. The in un line of Can d, f'vmi the termination of the St. Joseph's Feeder, to the vno ith of Little Rocr, passes over ground mr.re than usually tavo: able for its construe tion The first five miles is located along the u : til wcstei ii side of Mid e i i k I'rairie, and i n mediate!) at the base et hih -non oi'vland, which iies to the rieat. T.us distance includes the crssiie; ot M u ais !)u Peiv hes, winch is a 1 dat arm ot Foitage Fr oiic; but col sufficiently depressed to have Us waters passed under the Canal by nuansof Culverts, or to permit the ' anal to.'u passed over it bv an u-.pjvduct; but as it is n cess irv to providea passage tor a I ir., pie tuv of w iter, which It is said to aff. d d, ira .g to winter ami soring ffvkis.an ev s vt asio Weir wth gvi iid g itos.it Cit k r cud is contemp ated as the best niea:t fo it-.Mg ho satety of tacwoik. I he IK l h.. u.il. s o. the line, extending to tnc en s ; ot Ui une a H it, .ih- nv -stlv alo.gthc western sule ot l'ortage rrauie. an 1 : mil ir in its t h u actor io the preo i : ; ; it : of th ' lino. U in iv inn Ik rt n i. U. ! t'i it " her-.-ver t'o- 1 ne t . . I is lnuted along 'he ede of t ie d X v.,t "pvauKb, it frequently crushes wet and

swampy ground, the towing path, through which, must necessarily be made of firm earth hi-ought from the adjoining high land. Such additional expense is included in the estimates, Hivicrrc a Boit is by far the largest stream to be encountered on the middle division of the canal, and will requit e an acqneduct, having a clear space of 90 feet be neath it for the passage of its water; this lateral space is considerably larger than the ordinary channal of the stream, but is

rendered necessary, owing to the slight el vation of the Hase line of Canal, above the ordinary surface of low water in the river, and is intended to compensate for the consequent depression of the water way. From this point to section No. 2J, embracing about two miles, the line lies along the west side of Raccoon Prairie, and in its coarse a. i. ii . . -ii m . . passeu uiruugii iueeoou village. At sec tion No. 25, the prairies terminate and, the. ! i ... i ,t . .. i line between this place and Lock No, 1, passes through heavilv timbered land, em bracing in its course the crossing of several small streams and one stream which will require a small aqueduct. It may be observed, that the canal throughout its whole location, is at or near the base, of high land, rising immediately to the right, and that its general course is so well defined as not to admit anv material change in its position. Lock No. 1 is located on section No. 31, about sixteen miles from the commencement of the canai and at a point where Little River approaches very neatly to the line: trom this place tp section ino. 4'J, at the cro?.siin- ot the tort ayne and Logansport road, the land is heavily timbered, and the canal in traversing this distance, crosses several inconsiderable streams, which arc passed by means of culverts and small acqueducts in the usu al manner. From this point a range cf narrow Prairies skirt the southern side of the canal for about one and a half miles, when the heavily timbered land again commencces, and continues to the end of the line, throughout the whole length of which.no obstruction of importance occurs. Locks No. 2 and 3 are located on section No. 49, and Lock No. 4 on section No. 50, which section terminates the location of the Middle division, and is a half mile above Shallow's Town, at the mouth of Little river. It is to be regretted that stone of a suitable' quality for the construction of a clam and aqueduct abutements and for culverts) has not hem found contiguous to die north end of the line, as the rebuilding of any of th?se structures must necessarily be attended with much extra expense and a considerable interruption in the use of the canal; the great d nee which it would be necessary to tt 'Rii:-j)in stone, however, for all works between the head of St Joseph's Feeder and section No. 26 of the canal line, entirely precludes the idea of using that material , and a resort to wood as a substitute, is the necessary consequence; accordingly all structines upon the feeder, and upon that part of the main line included in the first 5 sections are estimated tube built of timber and all culverts and aqueduct abutments between sections "25 and 50 inclusive, are estimated to be constructed cf stcne. The co-it of these, will in the first instance be considerably more than the cost of wooden structures cf the same kind, but it is believed that when the difference of expense is not too great it had better be encountered at the first construction of the work. The locks arc not included in the prececriing rental ks and arc estimated to be built of wood. Timber of an excellent quality abounds in the vicinity of the Lock jc;.tcs; and as the first cost of Lock constructed of Timber, will not much exceed one third of the expense incident to a stone Lock, it may be estimated that the interest upon the differ ence of their cost, would be much more! ban sufficient to venew the timber Lock every eight years; particularly when it is recollected that the nccessrvry repairs ot IT t Ml 1 . . ..t men Ijock, vyi net invoive moie than one half the exp'enseof its original construction, as the foundation, and all the lower part of the Lock, embracing 4 feet in height, vhich is constantly submerged in water, v ill scarcely e er require any repairs. With regard to a supplv cf water for the summit division of the Wabash and Eric Canal, is may be remarked, there is no other permanent source to depend upon than the St. Joseph's river, but this with proper care in the construction of the work, is deemed sufficient for all necessary purposes. From several careful examina'.ions it is satisfactorily ascertained Uut the St Joseph's river at its lowest staire euaires mote than 5000 cubic feet of water per minute, of which quantity it is fair to estimate that 4600 cubic feet may be introduced into the canal. Experiments have been extensively made upon newly constructed canals in diffeient countries, and composed of different materials for the purpose of ascertaining the average quantity of water expended by lockage and evaporation; the average thus obtained i about 100 cubic feet per minute for each mile of canal; experience, however, shows that the less of water bv leakage continually deci cases, and that the use of a canal one season only, w ill very materielly lesion the expenditure. This diminution is owing to the continual deposit of fine earth, which is carried from the streams supplying the Canal, particularly during the contmu tnce of winter and spring floods; and tne s tme cause continuing to operate, will j m time render the bottom of a Canal al most impervious to water, even where it is composed of the must porous materials. The mid lie section cf fie Wabash and l?o ' .1. 1. .!" i.o l.-nr-tll ll ivinc I v tii.il inr 'litM o iii'iii ll'iii lis iv.i':,ui, i'it along the edge ot" a series et small prairies, which are kept wet on their margin (throughout thev ear, bv water ls.vairg from i sprues al-m; the banks of the hign land ; adjoi ung. When it is coniidrred that this ; Lcation occupies nearly the lowest ground. ' ia the vicnutv. for at least I j miles, and that 1 ah tlu w tU r v l.vttdfrom the numerous sprr. i;s "wMbr t.tken into the canal, it is not' u o easonanu . su.os, , m , i-,e u au i nc - I III U' UI.V'MI II" II lln. I I O.O , U i sini'lvinc this n u t of the lino, w id not ex eeocl t one t-uri! put ot the quantity uvi u. ;pnr.U tthe same cist ij.ee. lt lus eceu ahe.xd rc.naii.ed, thi:

minimum of 4600 cubic feet per minute may be introduced upon the summit level, and this, it is believed, will be sufficient to

supply a line of 67 miles in extent, com mpnrJno. o r'r.t nn tl.P Mm,

the state hue, and extending across the'1? kept in lor life. 1 he long er summit to a noint on the Wabash, some! V1CC of the lather gives tic son a litrhtto

distance below its confluence with Little river; 52 miles of this line, it is believed, per minute tor each canal; there can be no doubt but that-, he northern and southern termina tions of this line, the Wabash and Maumee Rivers w ill respectively furnish a sufficient quantity for the continuation ef thccanal, particularly when it is considered that a great proportion of the water which escapes bv leakage from the upper level of tne ca- . .... . .. nal, w ill find its wav into cither the one or the other of these streams. Particular estimate in detail of the expense of constructing the middle division of the canal, have been made and are presented accompanying this report, together with such plans, maps, and profiles as hae been perfected, all of which it is hoped will be satisfactory to your honorable body. "1 he annexed schedule shews the estimated expense of constructing each separate section of the feeder and canal line All of whicn is repectfullv submitted. J. RIDGEWAY.Jr. 1'lnifir.rcr in Chief. Indianapolis, Dec. IB, ibLJO. The following article is taken from the Philadelphia Mail. It strikes us that the "cases" are well put. Supposed Cases. If the Southern Indi.v.is are so far advanced in agriculture and other civihzed arts, as it is said they are and if they shouhj be willing to remove to one of our fertile western territories and if the government should, in benevolent good faith, execute the late law of Congress concerning their removal, would it not be better for the Indians to go? If the Georgians are wickedly and cruelly determined to harrass the Indians legally and illegally; and if this feeling be so prevalent there t!ii-t there would be no safely fur the lands and lives of Indians if placed under the laws of that state would it not be better for the Indians to go? If the Indians were to remove to some unsettled territory, out of the bounds of any State, they would, as soon as their numbers should amount to sixty thousand, have a right to admission into the Union as a Sovereign State: they would have a light to form a lepublican government for themselves, and to make and exe cute their own laws: and would it not be a delightful sight to ull who now pity their suffeiings and mourn over their degradation? If the Indians remain where they now are, even with any protection that cah be asked for thrm, will it be possible o save them from the fate of their predecessors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania? We should think it an immortal honor, (wc do not lightly use the words) to any administration, to devise and execute a 'plan by which the original inhabitants could be saved from a fate, that so far, has been invariable To us the preservation of the Indians is a subject of the deepest interest; we think it of importance to our nation:l character, and wc think indifference tctr,a crime in the sight of the God and Father cf us all. If the president or his friends, or hi.J opponents, make the Indian interest subservient to party purposes, or to interested views of any kind murderous and diabolical w ill be their guilt. For ourselves, we believe General Jackson to be an honest man; we believe him to be uncommonly well acquainted with the condition and character cf the Indians; we know that he is well aware, of the importance of the question, for the measure is considered by hiin the leading one- of his administration. Under nil circumstances we would counsel the Indians to place themselves confidently under his caie, rather than that of any other man m the country: If this were done, we should anxiously watch tiie measures of the President; weshould expect his personal superintendence of the whole afibir; and we should expect him to de-serve the title ef Father, which they give iv his official station. Prom chc Washington City Glebe LIMITING 1'H P. TKNURKOF OFF1CF. i ins i a lefuim which is entirely wi'hio the pover of Congicss. A sim pie Act ts sufficient to accomplish it Rotation i i tjfice is a theme upon which popular dcclaimers often dwell. Hut we do not recollect even aii tfftrtu ive effect to this republican pnnciple in the practice of the Government Sometime, upon a change of administration, theicare a lew removals; but there never has been any thing like a general change. The sentiment is be coining gcneiahthat incumbents cught ! not to be removed without special tea son; and the fact that a man has enjoyed office many veais, is often adduced as a icascn why he ought to enjoy it many years more Moderate lab-jt ar d ample pay take 'he name ol fiuilie atrvice, and ii is deemed a great hardship to turn out and shift for themselves, thoe Vio have been provided for by the government lor ten, twenty, or thirty crs. Tne longrr a man has been in officcibc greater the huidship; and the io g 'service of the father is often adduced 3s a tc'son why the son ought to succeed him Men removed, feci as if persortal wrong lud been done them, and some ijnK.; ask for what icasons ctlitrs are , Ui ja thtir nJaces. as if offices wen personal rights It tnc imptessions which extensively picvaii on this subject are the true dot attiiucs, then legitimacy ;id hereditary

may be supplied bv the introduction of 75; mises,not only life estates, but hereditary cubic feet of water per minute; and 15 miles I rights to office, aie clearly made out. Hiithe summit will not probably expend I No man :n tMa coulllrv w;ii avow. tha.

csin tie

V

A

monachy arc undoubtedly the only pro

per yystem or government. The longer a man is in office, the stronger is his ,,b" lw WlCreiOte, CUChl : ls place The son, therefore, ought to j succeed the father. Upon these pre he thinks n en oucrht to remain in office for life, or that the son ought to succeed the father. Yet, upon what other princi pie is based the clamor which has been so loud on account of the few removals which have been made wimin the last two years? If the officers had no per sonal right to their officers, no personal wrong was done therein by removal. If those who succeeded them have as much light to the offices as they had, there was no just ground of complaint. Their change of fortune might be the cause of great invenience and the source of much regret; but it afforded no reason for charges of injustice and oppression. We are among those who neither believe that men have a right to the rffi ces they hold in this Republic, nor that it is politic or prudent to letQky man remain in office too long, especially where he has the management or control of public money. It is the natural tendency of office to corrupt. We might appeal to most men who have the expen diture of public money or the settlement of accounts, to say, whether they were not more precise and tenacious when they entered effice than they itc now. They think some things right which they then thought wrong, and lock without sensation upon claims at which their nice sense of right formeily tevolted. This indicates no depravity; it is the natural course of things, which will exist until man becomes perfect It may be asserted, that no man eer entered office whose feelings and opin ions did not undergo some change This might happen without corruption. But aline only separates right from wrong Sometimes the mind passes in unawares At othes, it is conscious of wronp-, but promises to take care in future. It pre sumes a Utile more, and then a little more. Thus it goes on. until the moral sense is lost, and it is not thought dis honest to get out of the government what it can That which begins in slight er ror, lepented of as scon as committed, ends in total depravity, which would grasp the millions of the Treasury for private uses if it could be done with im punity. Tew men can entirely resist the influence of power with its blandishments and fascinations. An age scarce ly produces two such men as Washington and Jefferson, who left office as hou est and as republican as they entered it. There have been few, perhaps none, o' our other pi blic men who have maintained the oiiginal sternness of their principles. Their stiictness in relation to the public money has been relaxed; they have concluded that more power must be exercised by the Gen. government than they hud thought; their confi dence in the intelligence and capacity ol the people has been impaired; in short, they go out lest Tcfiublictn than they came in. This is the tendency of all offices from the highest to the lowest. They pio duce somewhat of a revolution in men's feelings and opinions, and never for the belter. There are no offices in which rotation is more necessary to preetvc purity, than di.bursini; and accounting officts. Their is reason to believe, that fearful corruption has existed in some of those offices, under our government. Disbursing ofhetis have made cxtraordma ry chai ges, and by loans or presents to accounting officers, purchased their al lowance. To make friends among the clei ks. ptcsenls have been liberally dis tributed, and the practice has been tolerated, if not promoted, by the heads of offices. Some inflexible men maintain their purity through all trials and temptations; but it is feared, the number is not so great as the people fcuppose. Io lose their services by a system of totation would be a misfortune; but it would be moie thtn compensated by the exclusion of others, whose principles arc more flexible Another evil, scarcely less fatal, flows from the present tenure of office. Considering their places as a sort of life estate, which will yield a ceitain annual income; roost effice holders do not think of laying up any tiling for misfortune, incompetency, or old age. They arc tempted to indulge in all the follies and extravagancies of the day; and often, instead of an accumulation, find themselves in deb nt the end of each year If. as sometimes happens, they also fall into habits of gambling and drinking, they are driven to seek in dishonest practices the means of in lulgence, which their salaries do not supply Wi v dr not Confess, therefore, in trc d';ce sys'ein ol practical rotati'n? It is f-otn the difficulty of the stib , ject Nothing i? moie easy than to fix the dtt&ils of a v stem which ihall pui-

odically introduce new men into all tho public offices. Let the pcricd beyond which no man shall hold the same effice. or an r fficc in the same Department, be fixed a' tight vcars. It would not be txpetiient to make an entire change in the same ffice, at the same time. The new hands c- u d learn the details of business more readily from the old, then by any other means, l'o make the change in each office gra. dual, let it be provided, that one eighth shall go out every year, beginning with those who have been longest in. The happy effects of such a system would bt immediately visible. Looking forward with certainty to the period when they must go out, the pub-ic efficcrs, in general, would abandon ail extravagance, adopt habit& of rigid economy, and save as much of their sabries

as possible, to enable them to go into other business under taworable circum stances To leave effic e would be censideied no hardship, brcause it would be a matter of course; and the great biect of rotation would be effected without ; ry of the inconvenience and eh-mor which now atiend removals No man who knows the general effect cf effict upon poor human nature, can doubt, that such a system of rotation would secure more integrity, greater industry, and a moro energetic, efficient, and republican government. Ohere arc r,o changes more essential than those of the heads ol the accouii'irg offices of the Treasury So complicated is the sjOey of public accounts, ihat it is impossible fgr Congress, ot their committees, cr any one else, to investigate the tecrcts ol the bureau, unless t.s head chooses to disclose them They may inquire, and investigate, and search, in vain, if the Auditor coes not aid then in their Torts Clerks who depend for their c.ffices on hi will, cannot he expected to he communica tve, v they cen know his sccicts N-rrung can throw light into tne dark tt cesses of corrupi accounting office, bu the icmoval ol its bead. Even that may c me too late for the punishment of ti e c Tender. A case has recently -c.ijii.dt where a prosecution for an obvious ir2U& was declared by the Court to be brtd, although the evidence of the fraud . d been, during the two ytars to wrier, a prosecution is limited by tbe law. :hej exclusive custody of the offer dt: .nisei f. Ccttainty nf detection and publicity, is the most effectual preventive ot sbuso and fraud which the art of man can invent An accounting officer who expects to remain in effice for life, may bo induced to commit ft aw with the Ik po of perpetual concealment. But it ho knew, that in a few years he n.ust givo up his papers and his place to ai oti er, the fear of detection would overha orcc the hope of concealmen Ro a i n, therefore, would be a n.os; efficient check upon official fiauels. Distribution of offices among the ci'izet's cf ho different States in some equal ratio, is subject not unworthy of the attention of Congress Wc have already had occasion to state, that above o? e third r.-f 'ho whole official corps at Waslingt-' is from the state of Maryland SeerUt)f the States, have not a single representative in the public offices Wowd it net have a happy effect to infoiluce !rom each state its due piopoition, w.o should serve out their allotted time ar.d il tn catty heme with themastock uf knowledge in relation to ihe govei nrntnt, which would be useful to the people? The distant States ate not trea.cd by the government as the equals of these nearer the capital. They are sonietin.es cheated through the agency of tht ir own representatives in Congress. On 'he Naval Register, and perhaps cn that cf the army, officers aie put down as if appointed from distance States which they never saw Generally, perhaps universally, they have procured appointments through the agency of the men. hers cf Congress from those States who have waived the rights of their own constituents. YTc doubt whether they have ever informed their constituents of iho liberties they have taken, and whether it would have been approved if they had. I5ul it is time lor the distant S'a'es to assett their rights to a distribution cf efficcs, and no longer suffer themselves to be cheated by their memben of Congress who rr.ay have favorites in this city. We hope, therefore, that Ccngress will not only adopt the recommendation of the President in relation to the tenure of offices, but provide for their distribution among the several States in jus? proportions. From the Washington City Ghbe, C AltO LIN A RESOLUTIONS, Declaring public sentiment tn behalf of the advunniratUn of J. Jacknon. The following communication was transmitted by the Governor to tho House cf Commons; Executive Otfice. Jan. 4 1831. The Huni.rable tht General Assen.bly ef i .Ycrth Carolina j CJfntlemkn Since n y last con. mu j mctien la the UcLcral Assembly, 1 havo