Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 21, Number 46, Vincennes, Knox County, 25 December 1830 — Page 3

ernmcnf,nnd promote Ihfl healthful andlTtifi remote lmrii!red, and thomandi of auloi,

qutfuhlp administration of all tniits which It hasripgtrtl. The ngrnt mot likely to contravene this deipn of Oip Constitution i the Chief Magistrate. In order, particularly that hs appointment may, at far a possible, l placed beyond the reach of any improper influence; in order that he may approach the solemn responsibilities of the highest otlice in the gift of free people, uncommitted to any other course limn the strict line of constitutional tdutv ; and that the securities lor this in dependence may he rendered as strong cj the nature of power, and the weaknes of, its possessor, will admit, I cannot too earnestly invite our attention to the pro priety of promoting such an amendment of the Constitution as will render him ineligible after one teim of er ice It gives me pl aure to announce to Congress di.it the hrtirvolrnt policy of the ftovernment, Fttmdily pursutd for nearly thirty yeHrs, in irUti'.m to the removal of the Indians beyond the white ei tl-iuents i approathinc to a Imppv cuiummation. Two important tribe? have accepted the provision made for their removal at the last session of Congress; ami it is believed that their eiample will induce the remaining tribes, also, to seek the tame ebviem advantages. The consequences of a spffly removal will be important to the United States, to individual Stales and to the Indian themselves. The pecuniary advantages which it promises to the Oovernm'Mit are the least of its recommendations It put an end to all possible danger of collision between the. authorities of the general and state Governments on account of the Indians It ill pi ace a dene and civilized population in lre tract of country now occupied hy a few savage hunters. By opening the whole territory between Tennessee on the Dorlh, and Louisiana on the south to the -et tlement of the white, it will incalculably Strengthen the southwestern frontier, and render the adjacent States strong enough to repel future invasion without reuu te aid. It wdl relieve the whole state of Miissippi and the western p:irt of Alabama, of Indian occup ncy. nnd en ible those states to advance rapi ly in population, wealth, atal power . It will separate the li dians from immediate contact with settlements of whites; free them from the power of the States; enable tliem to pursue happi iicss inthtir own way, and under their own rude institution; will retard the progress of decay which is lessening their numbers; and perhaps cause them gradually, under the pro tectioiiof the Government, and through the influence of good coun'ls, to cast off heir savate i.abits, nnd become an interesting, civilized, and Christian community: These consequences, some 'f them so certain, anc the re-t so probable, make the complete execution of the plan sanctioned by Congress at their last session, n object of much solicitude. Toward the aborisi es of the country no one can indulge a n ore friendly feeling than tuyseli. or .would go lariher in attempting to reclaim them from their wandering habits, and make them a happy and prosperous people. I have x endeavored to impress on them my own solemn conviction of the duties and powers of the ti nerat Government in relation to the State authorities. For the justice of the laws passed b Hie States within the scope o their reserved powers, they are not responsible to this Government. As individuals, we may entertain and express our opinions cf their arts, but, as a Gov Ttituent, we have as little right to control them ns we have to prescribe lavs to foreign nations. Will a full understanding of the subject, the ChoMaw and Chickasaw tribes have with great unanimity, determined to avail themselves of the liberal offers presented by thj act ot Congress, and have agreed to move beyond the Mississippi river Treaties have been made with thcin, which, in due season, will be submitted for consideration In negotiating these trea ties.they were made to understand their true con dition. & they hive preferred maintaining their independence in the western forests to submitting to the laws of the Sta'es in which they now reside These treaties being probably the last which will ever be made with them, are characterized b) great liberality on the part of the Government They cive the Indians a liberal sum i consideration of Uit-ir r Muovat, and comfortable subsistence on their . rrival at their new homes. It it be their real interest to maintain a separate existence, they will theiebe at liberty to do so without the inconveniences and vexation to which they would unavoidably have b en subject in Alabama and Mississippi. tlummiy has often wept over thu fate of the aborigines ot this country, and philanthropy ha been Ions: busily employed in devising means to avert it. But its progress has never tor a in ment been arrested; and one by one have nnny povven'ul trine? disappeared trom the eurth. To follow to the tomb the last of his race, and to iread on the graves of extinct nation, excites nnd iiicholy reflection. But true philanthropy reconciles the mind to these vicissitudes, as it don to the extinction of one generation to make room for another In the monuments and fortresses of an unknown people, spread over the extensive regions of the West, we behold the memorials ot a once powetful race, which was exterminated, r has disaapeared, to make Tootn for the existing savage tribes. Nor is there any thing in this, which, upon a comprehensive view of the general interests of the human race, is to be regretted Puila -thropy coul 1 riot wish to see this continent restoied to the condition in which it was fo and by our forefathers. What good man woulJ prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a tew thousand savages to our extensive republics, studdrd with cities, towi s, and prosperous fatm; embellhed with all the iuipiovemeots which art ta devise, or in lustry execute ; occupied by more than twelve millions of happypeople, and tilled wtth all the blessings of liberty, civilization and religion I he present policy ot the Government is but a continuation of the same progressive changf by a milder process. The tribes which occupied the countries now constituting the Kastarn S'ates, were annihilated, or have melted away, to make room tor the whites: The waves of population and ciiliz ttion are rolling to the wet ard ; and we now propose to acquire th- countries oc u ned hy the red men of the South and Vet, by a fair exchange, and, at the expene of the United States, to send them to a land where their existence uiy be pro longed, and perhaps made perpetual. Doubtless it will be p untul to leave the grave ot teeir father, but what do they more than our auetstor did, or th tn our children are now doiu- To better their condition in an unknown land, our ftfhers left all that whs dear in earth ly object. Oar children, bj thousands, yearly leave the laud of their birth, to seek new homes in distant region Does humanity weep at thee painful serration, animate and inanimate, with which theyoun,' heart has become ntwined? Far from it 111 rather a source of j iv that our country affords scope, w here our y"ting population may range unconstrained m vt I, 01 in III Old, iinrii'i'i'i in I'vinri anu faculties of man in their highest ptrtecUon.

mt lhr,r own "pw purchase the landt they

orcHpv, and sunt rt tl'melves at ihctr new ' h'tmr from the moment ef their arrival. Can it b cruel, in thi go if man nt, ton by events which it cannot control, the Indian is made discontented in hi amint home, to purchase his land, to give him a new and ceni e i. rritory, to i-ny the p xpenses of Id reoiol, oi I u;mirt him a veur in his new abode: now m .n thou rand of our own people would tidily embrace Hie opportunity ol removing io me e.i tn mch conditions It the oners maue me in nam were extended to them, they would be haded with gratitude and joy. And is it supposed mat me wan'ienur sav age ha h stronger attachment to his home, than the settled, civilized Christian ? Is it more afflicting to him to leave the grave of his fathers, than it is for our brothers and children ? Nightly considered, the policy of the general government towards the red man is not only liberal but generous. He is unwilling to su6mit to the laws of the states, and mingle with their t population To save him from this alternative, or erhap utter annihilation, the general 'government kindly offers him a new home, and proposes to pay the whole expense of his removal and settlement In the consummation of a policy originating at an early period, and steadily pursued by every administration within the present century so just to tbe state, and so generous to the Indians, the executive feel it ha a right to expect the co-operation cf eonere, and of all good and disinterested men. The states, moreover, have a right to demand it. It was substantially a part of the compact which made them members of our confederacy. With Georgia, there is an express contract; with the new states, an implied one of equal obligation. Why, in authorizing Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Mississippi, and Alabama, to form constitution, and become separate states, did conjress include within their limits extensive tracts of Indian land, and, in some instances, powerful Indian tribes? Was it not understood by both parties that the power of the states was to be co extensive with their limits, and that, with all convenient despatch, the general i;oternment should extinguish the Indian title, and remove every obstruction to the complete jurisdiction of the state governments over the soil? Probably not one of those states would have accepted a separate existence certainly it would never have been granted by congresshad it been understood that they were to be confined forever to thoe small portions of their nominal territory, the Indian title to which had at the time been extinguished. U i therefore a duty which this government owes to the new states, to extinguish, as soon as possibb , the Indian title to all lands which I congress themselves have included within their limit. When this is done, the duties of the general government in relation to the states ami Indians within their limits are at an end. The Indian may leave the state or not, as they choose. The purchase of their lands does not alter, in the least, their personal relations to the state governments. No act of the general government has ever been deemed necessary to give the states jurisdiction over the persons of thelnlians. That they possessed by virtue of their sovereign power within their own limits, in as full a manner before as after the purchase ot the indian lands; nor can this government add to or diminish it. -. May we not hope, therefore, that all good citizens, and n ne more zealously than those who think the Indian oppressed by subjection to the laws of the states, will unite in attempting to open the eyes of Ihose children of the forest to theirtrue condition, and by a speedy removal, to relieve them from the evils, real or imaginary, present or prospective, with which they may be supposed to be threatened. Aiming the numerous caues of congratula lion, the condition of our impost revenue deserve special mention, in as much us it promises the means of extinguishing the public debt sooner than was anticipated, and furnishes a trong illustration of the practical effects of the present tariff upon our commercial interests. The object of the tariff is objected to by some as unconstitutional; and it is considered by almost all as defective in many of it parts The power to impose duties on import ori giually belonged to the several states. The right to adjust those dutie with a view to the encouragement of domestic branches of industry, i so completely incidental to that power. that it i duhcult to suppose the existence pt .the one without the other The states have dele gated their whole authority over imports to'the general government, without limitation or restriction, saving the very inconsiderable reservation relating to their inspection laws. This authority having thu entirely passed from the states, the right to exercise it for the purpose of protection does not exist in them; and consequently, if it be not possessed by the general government it must be extinct. Our political system would thu present the anomaly of a p'eojde stri pe I of the right to foster their own indiitry, and to counteract the most selfish and destructive policy which might be adopte I by toreign nation. This surely cannot be the case: thi indispensable power, thus surrender ed by the states, mut be within the scope of the authority on the subject ex-ressly delegated to empress In thi conclusion, lam confirmed is well by the opinion of presidents Washington, Jefferson, Madison & M.-nroe, who have each repeatedly recommended theexerci-e of this right underthe constitution, ashy the uniform practice of con gre?, the continued acquiescence of the states, and the general understanding of the people. The difficulties of a more expedient adjustment of the present tariff, although great, are far from being insurmountable Some are unwilling to improve any of its parts, because they would destroy the whole; others frar to touch the objectionable parts, lest those they approve hould be jeopardied. I am persua ded that the advocates of these conflicting I view do injustice to the American people, nnd to their representatives. The general interest is tin- interest of each : and my confidence is entire, that, to ensure the adoption of such modification of the tariff as the general interest require, it is only necessary that that interest snould be understood. - . It is an infirmity of our nature to mingle our interests and prejudices with the operation of our reasoning powers, and attribute to the objects of out, likes and dislikes qualities they do not possess and eflecis they cannot produce. The effecs of the present tariff arc doubtless overrated, both in its evils and its advantages By one class of reason crs, the reduced price o! cotton and other agricultural product is ascribed wholly to its influence, and by' another, the reduced price of manufactured articles. The probability is, that neither opinion approaches the truth, and that both are induced by that influence of interest and pr judices to which 1 have rtftind The decrease of prices ex'end. throughout the commercial world, embracing not only ilie rw material and the man ufacturcd article, bsl provisions and

lands. The cause must, therefore, be

deeper and more pervading than the TaiiiT of the United States It may, in a measure, he attributable to the incrcas ed value of the precious metals, produ ced by a diminution of the supply, and an increase in the demand; while com merce has rapidly extended itself, and population has augmented. The supply of gold and silver, the general medium of exchange, has been greatly interrupt ed by civil convulsions in the countries from which they are principally drawn A pirt ol the effect, too, is doubtless ow. ing to an increase of operatives and im provements in machinery But, on the whole, it is questionable whether the re duction in the price of lands, produce, and manufactures has been greater than the appreciation of the standard of value While the chief object of duties should be revenue, they may be so adjusted as to encourage manufactures. In this ad justment, however, it is the duty of the Government to be guided by the general good. Objects of national importance alone ought to be protected: of these the productions of our soil, our mines, and our workshops, essential to national de fence, occupy the first rank Whatever other species of domestic industry, hav ing the importance to which I have referred, may be expected, after tempora piotection, to competo with foreign labor on equal terms, merit the same attention in a subordinate degree The present Tariff taxes some of the comforts ol life unnecessary high; it undertakes to protect interests too local nd minute to justify a general exaction; and it also attempts to force Vrnic kind ot manufactures tor which the count! y is not ripe Much relief will be derived, in some of these respects, from the measures of your last session. I he best, as well as fairest mode of determining whether, from any just considerations, a particular interest ought to receive protection, would be to Submit the question singly for delibeiation If, after due examination of its merits, unconneced with extraneous considerations such as a desire to sustain a general system, or to purchase a support lor a different interestit should enlist in its favor a majority of the representatives of the people, there can be little danger of wrong or injury in adjusting the tariff with reference to its protective effect If this obviously just principle was honestly adhered to, the branches of industry which deserve protection would be saved from the prejudice exci led against them, when that protection forms part of a system by which portions of the country feel, or conceive them selves to be, oppressed What is incal culubly more important, the vital princi pie of our system that principle which requires acquiesence in the willoi the majority would be secure from the dis credit and danger to which it is exposed by the acts of majorities, founded not on identity of conviction, but on combina tion of small minorities, entered into tor the purpose of mutual assistance in measures which, resting solely on their own merits, could never be carried I am well aware that this is a subject of so much delicacy, on account of the extended interests it involves, as to te quire that it should be touched with the utmost caution; and that, while an a bandonnunl of the policy in which it o tiginated a policy coeval with our government; pursued through successive administrations, is neither to be expect ed nor desired, the peopie have a right to demand, and have demanded, that it be so modified as to correct abuses and ob viate injustice. That our deliberations on this interest ing subject should be uninfluenced by those partisan conflicts that ate incident to free institutions, is the fervent wish of my heart To make this gteai question, which unhappily so much divides and excites the public mind, subservient to the short-sighted views of faction, must destroy all hope of settling it satisfacto rily to the great body of the people, and lor the general interest I cannot, therefore, on taking leave ot the subject, too earnestly for my own feelings or tfoe common good, warn you against the blighting consequences of such a course. According to the estimates at the treasury, the receipts in the treasury during the present year will amount to twenty lour millions one hundred and sixty-one thousand and eighteen dollats, which will exceed by about three hundred thousand dollars the estimate presented in the last annual report of the secretary of the treasury. The total expenditure during the year, exclusive of public debt, is estimated at thirteen millions seven hundred and forty-two thousand three hundred and eleven dol lars; and the payment on account of public debt for the same period, will have been eleven millions three hundred and fifty four thousand six hundred and thirty dollars; leaving a balance in the treasury, on the first ot January, 1831, of four millions eight hundred and nineteen thousand seven hundred and eighty-one dollars In connexion with the condition of our finances, it affords me pleasure to remark that judicious and efficient arrangements have been made by the treasury department for securing the pecu niary responsibility of the public officers, and the more punctual payment of pub lie dues The revenue cutter service bus been organized, and placed on a good footing, and aided by an increase of inspectors at exposed points ; and the re

gulations tdopted under ibetct of Mat

ioju, for the inspection a d appraise roeut of merchandize have produced much improvement in the execution ol the laws, tn(j moe security against the commission of frauds upon the revenue Abuses in the allowances for fishing bounties have also been corrected, and a material saving in that branch of the service thereby effected. In addition to these improvements, tbe system of ex penditure for sick seamen belonging to the merchant service has been revised, and, by being rendered uniform and eco' nomical,andthe benefit of the fund ap plicablc to the object have been usefullv extended. The prosperity of our country is tUn further evinced by the increased revenue arising from the Bale of public lands, as will app-ar from the report of the com missioner of the general land office, and the documents accompanying it, which are herewith transmitted I beg leave to draw your attention tothis report, and the propriety of making early appropri ations for the objects which it specifies. Concluded onjovrtk page. ivsscnrj sun VINCENNES DEC 25, 1830 MILK SICKNESS. I have received the tol lowing commu nication from an esteemed friend, and give it a place with pleasure, hoping it may draw the attention of the public to so interesting a matter. He assures me he will communicate with any associuion oi phvsicians, or other persons dulv associated for that purpose, any time after he hrst ot June, 1831, considering that o be the proper time for testing the truth of his discovery. "I put two calves in a small pen, and ed them with pumpkins and the vegetable, br five davs without discovering any el ect; however, on the eighth day, one of he calves was taken with the milk sick ness, and died on the tw elfth. The other calf sickened on the 13th day and died on the 17th. All the dogs that eat of the meat took the slows, and some of them lied. I have no doubt the vegetable I used, is that which in all cases produces the nun; sickness." The following are the weights and mea surements of a hog, owned by Mr. Hiram Decker, which was killed last week. Age 32 months; height, 3 feet 2 inches; length to the root ot the tail, 7 teet 7 inches; girt round the neck, 4 feet 2 inches; girt, t teet a inches; girt round the bellv.G feet 11 inches. Gross weight. 720 pounds; neat, 083 pounds. The steamboat Experiment, from Lou isville, arrived hereon Saturday the 18th inst. discharged a part of her cargo, and iroceeueu up lor Laiayctte. The weather has become extremely cold ; the thermometer on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings, tailing ten degrees betow zero, and the Wabash running so full of ice as to stop navigation for the present. Saturday last was the day fixed upon for the election of two Trustees for the Knox county Seminary. The polls were opened in but few townships, and resulted in the election ot John I. bnapp and An drew Gardiner. The Grand Lougc tnjiana closed italast session on Satuidjy last, to meet at Mason s Hall in Viucennes on the 2nd Monday in Oct next. The following tie the officers for the ensuing twelve months: Phillip Mason ol Conneraville, M. W G Master. Wm Sheets of Madison, R V. De putv Gr Master. John B. Martin of Vincennes, S. Gr. Warden. Wm. M. Purdy of Carlisle, J Gr. Warden. A. W. Morris of Indianapolis, Gr Secretary. Jno. Walker of Shelby ville, Gr. Treasurer. Hiram Hunter of Washington, Gr. Chaplain, Richard Daniel of Mount Vernon, Gr. Orator. Andrew W. Ingraham of Fairfield, Gr. S Deacon. Saml P. Mooneyof Brownstown, Gr. J. Deacon Thomas C. Stewart of Petersburgh, Gr Sword bearer Francis B. Cogswell of Noblesille, Gr Pursuivant Joseph Watson of Liberty, G. S. fic Tyler. Indiana Jouraal. CAUTION. From the ciicumstance of a large quantity of the Salem and Philadelphia Manufacturing Company notes being discovered going south, it is presumed that it is the intention of the parties con cerned (one of them having also gone the same way) to defraud the people of the Mississippi valley ot large amounts. Editors there will do well to caution the public against them The notes have Philadelphia conspicuously inserted in the centre, and Salem scarcely precepti ble to the left A man artful plan for s'vitidlioi! thr rnmmunnv has necr been witnessed in this covin' iy Salmi Afettengcr No such Manufactuiing or Banking!

compirif. at mentioned ibo?c. if to be found in BickneW Counterfeit De'ecor. So that it is, probably altogether a pttco

Milan T70f Cazeue 1 STATE OF INDIANA, ) Gibton Coxmty. I GIBSON CIRCUIT CURT. February Term, 1830. Eliza Powell, ) r. Libel for a Divorce Austin W. Powell. A T this term came the petitioner, hy counsel, and filed her bill ; and it lppcaring to the satisfaction of the Court that the defendant is not an inhabitant of the state of Indiana, whereupon on motion ordered that notice of the tendency of this suit be made in the Western iSun, (a newspaper printed in Vincents, la.) tor four weeks successively; that unless the said defendant appears at the t:ext term of this Court, to be huten in Princeton on the third Monday i:i February next, and then and there answer tho complainant's bill, the same will be h-Mrd and determined in his absence, and a decree entered accordingly. A Copy Test, JOHN I. NEELY, Clk. G. C. C. Dec. 21, 1S30 4G-lt NOTICE. WHEREAS I have uken out of the Piobatc ccurt ot Dubois oumy, letters of administration on tho estate of Napoleon B McDonald deceasedall those having claims agiinsl said estate, are requested to brn.g t- era lorwara properly authenticate within twelvemonths, all those indi?ei aro requested to make immediate p..y:i.ent. 1 tie estate is supposed o bo inn;cnt. james Mcdonald v. Deccu be 9th 1830. 46-it. WAR DEPARTMENT, UrahmgiQTii November 17, 1830 V PENSION AND BOUNTY LAND REGULATION. tHE many impositions which are attempted in relation to Per.gion Bounty Land Claims, have causd tho Department of W ar to establish a icpulation, which declares that no attention will, in future, be given to application Irom persona whoact as Agents, unlet they are known at the Department, or are vouched for as respectable peraom by some one who it knonn. Notice of this regulation is hereby given; and that all may be infoimtd thereof, it is requested that pub:iheri ot the laws of the United St air ir. i : w respective states will insert the same. on the front page of their respective pa. pers, ror mree montiis By order of the St creiary of War. J L EDWARDS. Fir t Clerk Pent ion Office. WILLIAM GORDON, Firtt Clerk Bounty Land Office, 46-3m. NOTICE. ' iAVING purchased the right of making and vending within Knox county, Pinkham Mosher's Washing Machine, for scouring and washing clothes, any person wishing to puichaso can have them on trial, and if not approved, may be returned 1 have also on hand and intend keeping, a supp'v of Cabinat Ware of the best qualitj; will also do Carpenter's and Joiner's work at the most reduced ptices JOHN MOORE. May 1st. 1830 . 2-ty. SlfclTH a TRACY'S ' Tin r Sfuet Iron MANUFACTORY. fKN the corner of Marktt and SeV c cond streets, have on hand for sale, a large and general assortment of Tin and Sheet Iron waie, which they offer at reduced prices Tinware will bo sold wholesale and retail upon advantageous terms to purchasers. Vincennes, October 24, 1829 37 tf i Made & Sold, by ; iX. 1). iJricc, ( Vixcbssbs, Indiana,) the house lately occupied by James 8c McArthur, as an Iron store, on 5rc3 turret one (loot abovo Market ttreet The ,ites of uats in ! general, are for Beave. - 10 ; j Fine C"lor 8 Fine Roramt 5 Coarte do 3 Coarte do 6 Hats made in the shops here, are La general, much superior to those imported from the Eastern states, for tho latter are made of the coarsest woof, ami naped with rabit turthe farmer would find it to their interest, at least 25 per cent, to purchase from the manufacturers. I pledge myself that mj Hats shall be made in the bett manner, ot tunerior stuff, and in the most Fath ionable style. RICHARD P. PRICE. February. 1830 2-tf VTPORK, CORN & OATS will he re ccivedin exchange for Halt R P P INDENTUUES for Apprentices for balr at this office A fac pounds of Wool uantcf

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