Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 20, Number 47, Vincennes, Knox County, 2 January 1830 — Page 1

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WESTERN SUN 8c TRNEIIAI BY KL1HU STOUT. VINCICNNKS, (INI).) SATURDAY, JANUAUY 1830 f Vol. XX. No. 7

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TUH WKSTISUN HUN

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Y- published at 5') cents, for 52 mi

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the wisdom of laws enacted and of all the measures of government. You quality them to select with good judgment and discretion their public officers. Yu guard them against the artifices of political imposture and ambitious designs of usurpers.

Why do Republics that once nourished

A tll - -,.! . tfic It I n t I it1 riMiHltll : r f

, . . r..- . . :u live now only m history? 1 hey have fallen, the cxmration of the time subscribed lor, will I .. .. J . . ...

be corudctcda new engagement; no sub

briber at liberty to discontinue, until all ar-

i carafes arc paid Subscribers must pay the postage on their papers when sent by mail. Letters bv mail to the Editor on business

must be paid, or they will not be attended to.

not because there were wanting in them individuals ot distinguished learning and talents and worth and devotion to the public welfare, but because the common people of those Republics were not sufficiently enlightened to foresee the consequences of perverse laws and measures of Government. Lulled

.. :n t l r"., .

i uy uic uiuru MJUiui in until) niiii nit uiiuu

commence and the repose oi ignorance5, line

Mar fret Prices for subscriptions, if deliver

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l.ETTliKS TO CONGUliSS, ON NATIONAL FIIF.P. SCHOOLS. i.uttku v Tins great question must ever bear with impottant weight upon the faithful Legislator -i of this Republic ffy what measures

the hero of Gaza thev were shorn of their

locks, and in convulsive struggles perishfcdN

It was not sufficient to save them from dc generacy, that Greece and Rome could boast of their great schools at alliens, Byzantium, Ccsarca, Alexandria, Ephcstis and other places. It was not sufficient to perpetuate the glory. of the Roman Republic that "she sent her most illustrious citizens to be finished and

refined in Greece," w here they were enrich cd with science and with "the treasures ol eloquence." The common ficifilc still wanted the science essential to form a national cha racier and to create indissoluble bonds of union. Enemies wh bad lotihd them invincible in arms accomplished their purpose by secretly sowing among them seeds of discoid. The luic of wealth overpowered the

rentiiu'y firohioied ! II P1 ileges ot the Jcvj are i fit ed hu the advantage o

t:u?: the welfare nf the whole ficofitc be most ,

If the rights and just love ol liberty, and the glory purchased by

unnecessarily saen- costliest sacrihccs war, me mly bartered away.

Let the people and government ol the United States listen to the monitory voice ol history, and learn from the past to provide for the future. What but literary institutions can assimitatc the character of this people spread over a vast extent of country? The constitution of our General Government wisely

if the maniK this is

Nvvt'sston a ttuiy as il it took place under

any other jnn ol government. The Representatives of the people of the United States are requested to take into deep comidei ntion under all the momentous sane - lions ol their high trust, the firohahte effects

) i tfS 1 VI tv.ft,F'tlll H III.' n , ta y.

f:r:fiivsthe gcvcrnmctil and general welfare prohibits all attempts to produce uniformity nf the Umsn. by an cstablishmetU of t eligiun. Similar

Relating to the subject history furnishes no

principles and maximr, of government per

vadc indeed the constitutions and laws must be slow without the aid of common schools as a circulating medium in the several parts of the Union. The influence of association

'J

appropri.uc examples, unless it be that of some portions ot this Union. A number of the states have furnished examples sufficient indeed to teach the whole what mav and ought

to be done. But those states most advanced between the people ol the different sections in this sublime work of enlightening and clc ; of the Union must be slow in its progress, vating the common mind, a work Jhatmayj A system of national free schools establishwell delight the whole intellectual Universe; cd an I maintained by the General Govern even these few favored States, have yet done mcnt would extend to every family in the U. hut little to protect the people under all pes- States a common vital clement whose infillsible circumstances from the d inger ol being corn oil could at once see and feel. Soon misled, spoiled of invaluable rights and priv-! would it dilVusc benefits political and motal ileges, and gradually brought under a yoke winch no other measure of this government which, it more cnlightc.ied, they would spurn could impart Soon would it attract ctTcctu Ti prove this, facts might easily be adduced. ally the hearts of the multitudes of ou citil urcjm not to intimate that there arc want- j rens, who too often signify by their elections jiW iWn of education in any part of this ; that they feel but little interest in the GcncrUMon? competent to fill the places of public! al Government to the great central power trust, hut that there is .vanting, among t ::e that in reality deeply and vitally affects the :e - files intelligence promptly to detect abuses j prospetity and welfare of all classes, ot power, and to uard against the artifiVes! If any event can teach the tulcrs of our anil intrigues o! 'political and other impostors ; land to foci at all times their responsibility, Whenever the mazier spirits of factions that1 that must, when the eyes of an enlightened m;v exist shall find it in their power todc people, understanding their own lights and ecue and beguile, a lai go portion ol 'the pen-; interests arc turned upon them. If any pie, lite salety and pmsperitvof all will be .thing besides the approbation of hcavcn.chn endangered. And whilst our colleges ami ' sustain the patriot who labors in cither do-

univci sities are advancing by the aid of the! partment of this government to promote the

lights of the picsent age, the safety ol the ; public good, it must be the consciousness that people renutrcs the bevt ai Is efVcctt'.ally to i an enlightened people duly appreciate his

r uard their ow n ights. jcdoitsand stand ready to cany into effect

I'oe elVects of the system now proposed, on j whatever measure is generously devised to

the geoiral character ol the people, would be . promote their welfare.

Ik n hci l in the mghest degree, vvchavc

sure'V auvanceu aireauy too iae in vne arts ; an I sciences which adotn the lutmAn c:arac-: ter and dilVusc tbvJ means of happiness, to rpiesli.m this position. Knowledge is the vital ! element of virtues and of social order. It is that which makes the didVrcnco between the ;

free man and the slave. May we not see in the examples tven Hour own country the mot indubitable evidence that communities ate virtuous, cnterptising anil prosperous in proportion as they ate enlightened I We hwc been told t.ui: the fall id 'Republics has

Let the general government give to the

whole people the advantage of Tree Schools

and the resources of wealth and power and prosperity will be rapid! v developed. New

avenues would be at once created for a bene

ficial exchange of products between the east

ern and western, the northern and southern

sections of the Union. Let other States ob

serve vvhi.t science has already done in some

of our States in developing and applying to purposes of wealth and prosperity the agents and elements of our national independence

and national glorv. The mcntbn of names

in the obligations lhat bind tlfVUircrsof a fice people to provide for the general welfare, I conjure the Representatives of the people ol the United States to appropriate a part ot the revenue drawn from the people and which has been so long and cheerfully yielded to their country, for the establishment and sup port of a system of National Tree Schools, an institution capable above all others ol cqudity in the distribution of its benefits, of giving strength to the bonds of the Union and of carrying rich blessings to nil classes in every section of it. Political justic demands this. There is great lorcc in the remark of one of the best of civilians that "there is one end of civil government pecu liar to a good constitution, namely, the hafx fiiness of its sutjt cts '""i hcr is another end essential to a good government own ireaervatton Of these ti utjsyvisc statesman can never lose sight. A system desti tutc of pt ovision 'o effect ihcsc ends, all must agree, is grossly defective. The power ol government under our system is in the pro pie In the last tcsort they arc ihc supreme judges to decide whether the laws and ad ministrations of government shall be repealI,, .

1. or c.iijngru, execuicu or suspended. Hu

lers in the highest trust arc only servants,

who at the will and pleasure of the people

hold their plat es. Can the sovereign powei

which at its pleasure caises up or casts down, be sandy left without knowledge to direct it, eout M ? Ate the neonlc of tfic United State-

1 w

or any large portion of them to wait, in ig

noiaticc and passive submission to abtm s ol

power and trut, until their manacles arc, ri vetted, or shall those who art fiaul lihcralti

to provide for their welfare devise for tin n

the necessary means to enable them to nvuk

nd correct by her elections the earliest en

croachments upon t lu ir rights? On this question suicly no friend to this govcrtimecan doubt. Ol what essential value is tl elective franchise unicss exercised will

knowledge and discretion? It may blind I v vote into power enemie s of liberty instead friends, oppressors instead of guaidians o; the public weal. Already is it too evident that patriots an statesmen, the pride and boast of this eoun try, have been unable in the spheres of evci. their immediate influence, to impart cxtcn sivcly the spirit of their own character Their light shone with splendor around them, but few in those spheres seem to hare been

formed by the preparatory process of cJica tion to be the happv recipients of thcirjnfln

encc. Certain moral causes still datkefl-fhe

spheres where those examples stood through

the period of a long life and in

that attracted the admiration of the worfd

In aid of the object of these letters tinwriter invokes the co-operation of the prcssf through the medium of the public papers an! of the public voice in every section of this Union. The confidence is indulged that to ihe Representatives of the people that voice will not appeal in vain. SPIRIT OF THE PEOPLE. October 31, 182D.

elevation

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fceen owing 10 want 01 via::ein uic pcopic. ; Would be invidious. Allusion to the fact is I., ft it IA ( L' Al in.l Wltt i-ViiMI ilVtvll.liHjl k . ft. -

i.m in uv uuim. u,u, vri,...w,m.. tucct, Amj yc lt 1 am not crroncousH

tr.t virtue, it it could exist without the d..- in judgment, to those States who have done iusion ol kntdedKe among the people, can ; nU)sl 0 prov-iac for themselves the institution rover t en Icr them secure m the possession ot ; nf jroc 5C,00i3 the Union may look with their liberties. Let the people be well edu- confidence lor generous support of the plan ca-cd, and whether virtuous or not, they will projcctca n lhcse letters. Intellectual light

net submit to the condition of slaves. Give

is an expansive clement. It comes from

To

A

hen o the whole people the means to be en- j the throne where benevolence presides.

P ghtened, ami you give mem power to tuc hosom it illumes and warms it imparts gu.ud and perpetuate their free government, something of the nature of its source, and and to provide vatious institutions eon iucivc loves lo cniivcn and adorn all within the to their happiness You give them facilities sphcrc 0f its power. The tlfmigfcannot o procure subsistence, and present to them c ;cjpc lhc enlightened christianuTgiaior tooiives to Mistain a character above the dc- that his services arc not limited tovpurdoses gradations of vice. You open to them new o- mcrc political economy or of itApicCiate mrces of interest and pleasure, and save 1 effect. The condition of unborn millions is them from the vices which so often debase to hc affected by the cxercisr. of the pVcrothe human character and bring upon society , 3tiVc with which hc is deleg tcd. The lcits heaviest calamities. An institution e3tab- j cisator holds a vast sway. The common

vour of adopting the direct route li'm t lie Wabash to the Lake. He proposes two modes of disposition of t hc lands granted fur this work one is a direct applieationof the lands in payment to contraclois, with thi view of preventing delay and the expenses of a sale. The other proposition is to sell the iid n a credit, requiring a part of the principal in hand and the icst in yearly instalment with interest in advance. The same terms, with the addition of enabling the putchaser to discharge the debt in twenty yeais, und certain rest! ictionsare recommended as the best plan of disposing of ihc lands granted for the Wabash Canal. Of this woik he takes a lavorblc notice fears t hat it will be debited by a sale of the lands for ready cash, in consequence ot the sacrifice it will occasion believes that against the year 1835, the completion of the canal may be effected, for which hc presumes the lands aic sutfieici. He also alludes to the treaty concluded on ' his subject between Ohio and Indiana regrets that Ohio will not agree to complete ihc Ohio section in less than filti cn yea: s hopes that better terms may yet be obtained -anti in preference to letting the land tecrt to the United States, he is in favor of approuiating them to a railway or turnpike, which ould be made for much less than the value of the grant. Hc biings into view, in part, a new militia emulation doubts the policy of longer at-

vu.ptmg to arm, equip and discipline the vholc of the militia proposes to classify hem into active and sedentary represents the active or voluntary as sufficient for the efence of the country proposes to give em the arms appropiiatcd by Congress, and as another inducement for emulation, to exempt them from other services, which as an cqui alent would be somewhat increased upthe sedentary. Hc expresses an opinion that the various c asses of industry should be more cflcctual.v encouraged, tha4 of agticulturc especially. For this purpose, hc is loi 1 aising a bouny found from j.t -fessional irenilemen and upn the consmv t o of a: cnt pi us, to I c divided into pieoniims to be bestowed upon hc skilful, industrious and productive. Ho dludestothc Amciican Colonization Sociey and the legislation ol several states on the subject approves of the benevolent cxtrions making to emancipate and colonise Uic .laves ; but says they should be characterised

J w ith prudence, and that the agitation of the ! . : ... 1 1 ,

iuu-uonin vongress. win icao 10 unpleasant md dangeious results He notices the coloured population in Indiana, and believes that the state should be protected against naupcrism, thrown upon her from abroad, lie believes in the constitutionality oiuf expediency of extending ths laws of the slate over the Indians, in a cautious and tender manner As a 11. cans of saving county expense, hc advises the holding of special courts in vacation, to t-y criminals. The law organising ihc probate oam and on elections, ought hc believes to be anunded, as to toe first, in pat ticular, hi cause it does i.ot provide for filling vacancies ; and as to the ". ttcr, because it does not, in a manner si 1T1ciently explicit, point out the duty of cle ks, and the ptopcr mode of reporting decisions on trials of contested elections. He disapproves the nature of the opposition to the new national administration alludes to ihe inconsistency of iis oppose' s hopes that party organization will no longer be kept up deprecates its consequences, and wishes men elected to office upn qualification and moral character. An amt ndmcnt to the constitution of the United States is then recommended, which shall authorise the election ot President and Vice President by the people, alone, and provide a unifoin-i'y in lhc election, over the Union, by general Ticket. He notices resolutions of bcieial states, which he is requested to lay before the legislature on the subject of the tariff of 1828, and recemmend a compromise of the various conflicting interests ofdiflYient portions of the confederacy ; but is in favor of a tariff for protection as well as for revenue. He speaks a'so of resolutions submitted by different states, on the subject of internal improvements by the general government, believes the right of Congress to expend money for such objects, to be too well seitlcd to be disturbed at this time, and hopes that the treasuty will not be impaired by an injudicious tariff' He is in favor of a cession of the public lands to the vvcsicrn states, for the purpose of education and internal improenu nts. or a sale of the same and an application of their proceeds to the same object Regrets that

the legislature and her agents at Washington

INhed bv the General Government devoted mimj God's noblest work, by him maybe el

roless to the cause of virtue than to science, cvatccl or left to languish in ignorance, a bon- 'a 'aw t0 condemn private, unrelinquished ' in the Wabash remarks upen must therefore unite in its support the patriot, j Jac without hope." property through which the road passes, from Tennessee and Kentucky fr

' . . . T. - ! r.

as well as the philanthropist and the christian. Give to the whole people the benefit of Free

"O with what art what early care.

i'liiilil U i.ilnm iiiltivviti t,l.,,if cn i.fl,

..l.-Yl.- . '..lllfc.J'...l.

Schools and you qualify them to enjoy in a; Hy all that is dear to memory in ihc chahighcr degree the blessings of their free racier of those who have lived for our conn government. You qualify them to judge of j try or died in her cause; bv all that is sacred I

ltlaektenc. f Publishers of newspapers and other publications are respectfully requested to insert thc-c letters. From the Indianapolis State Gazette. In this day's Gazette will be found the Mcs sage of Gov. Hay. delivered on Tuesday last, toboth Houses of the General Assembly After a brief and impressive view of the present prosperous condition of ihe State, the Governor offers an estimate of tbe present number of our population, and advises a delay of the time of taking the census until ihe latter part of the year 1830, so that the increase of that year may form a part of the same. I)y this means, hc believes the State will be en tilled to a more full representation in Congress, after lhc next apportionment. Hc next speaks of the condition of the matkets portrays the impoitant causes and events which influence them, and concludes this subject with a notice of the brightening pros

pcctlkof the agriculturalist He then places in a sttikirig point of view the advantages of

Material mrovement, and recommends the aptici of a general system, commensurate with the vvalHand resources of the State, and in anticipation of aid from the general government. The subject of a pi oposed rail way h orn the city of New York to the Mississippi river, is then discussed, and its hearing upon the interest of the west forcibly demonstrated. After explaining the nature of the appropriations that have been made on the C umberland read which, with the exception of S50 000 to be expended in this State, have been made out of the national treasure that

appropriation being a part of the two per cent. cannot unite in opinion, arid hopes for success

fund, intended by compact as an equivalent ; when the national dtbt is paid He ugi;ests for certain sort cndci ed state tights ; which 'the propriety of uniting ir. a n crroriat to hc gives as a reason for the exercise of rau- 1 Congress for a grata ot land, to improve the tion and judgment, and advises the passacc ! White rivets and remove the .bstruci ns

resohrh 1,3

or the Mitc-

with provisirn for indemnity to the owners, 10 r.ance of Hospitals at Memphis and Sn Hh-

bc redeemed, ultimately by the United States-! field in said states which he thinks would He earnestly recommends the immcdia'e ! be of common utility to lhc western cuinuy. nd pcrmanncnt location of the Michigan j When school section No. 16, is of but Tittle

road, south of Ir.-hnapolis, and argues in fa-

value, he censiders it just, that a law ouht to