Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 17, Number 17, Vincennes, Knox County, 10 June 1826 — Page 1

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WESTERN SUM 8c G8ENERA1 ABYERTISEM, ". ' r r BY ELU1U STOUT. VINCENNES, (IND.) SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1826. Vol. 17. No. 17.

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THE H'ESTEILK SUV, IS published at Two Doll.vrs and

flFTT cents, for Fifty-Two Xurnbcrs which may be discharged by the payment of TWO DOLLARS at the time of Subscription. Payment in advance being the mutual interest of both parties, that mode is solicited. A failure to notify a wish to discontinue at the expiration of the time subscribed for, will be considered a new engagement. No subscriber at liberty to discontinue until all arrearages arc paid. Subscribers must pay the postage of their papers sent by mail. Letters by mail to the Editor on business must be paid, or they will not be attended to. Advertisements inserted on the customary terms. JC7" Persons sending AdTcrtiscmcnts, must specify the number of times they wish them inserted, or they Tvill be continued until ordered out, and must be paid for accordingly. (Ihj Authority.) IjxVWS of tc U. ST AT MASSED AT THE FIRST SESSION OF THE NINETEENTH CONGRESS PUBLIC NC XXIX AN ACT to exempt the Professors, Tutors, Stewards, and Students of the different Seminaries of learning in the District cf Columbia, from military duty. UK it enacted bu the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States rfAmerica in Congress assembled. That, the President, Professors, Tutors, Stewards, and Students, of the different Seminaries cf lear ning in the District of Columbia, be, and they hereby are, declared to be, exempt from the performance of militia duty, except in case cf war. JOHN V. TAYLOR, Speaker cf the H-Atse cf Reprtsenhrives. JUlli C CAliliUUJS, Vice-President cf the United S:ates, and President of the Senate. APPROVED Mav 4, lKJo. JOHN QU1NCY ADAMS. I runuc NO XXX 1 AN ACT to authorize the President of the United States to run and mark aline divi

ding the Territory of Florida from the State of Georgia. PK it enacted bit the Senate and Hzitse cf Representatives of the United States ofAmerica, in Congress assembled. That the President of the United States of America, be, and he is hereby, authorized, in conjunction with the constituted authorities of the IV, State of Georgia, to cause to be run and ihstinctly marked, the line dividing the Territory of Florida from the State of Georgia, from the junction of the rivers Chatahooehie and Flint, to the head of St. Marv's river : and for

that purpose, he is hereby authorized to appoint a Commissioner, or Surveyor, or both, as in his opinion may be necessary : Provided, That the line so to be run and marked, shall be run straight from the junction of Said rivers Chatahooehie and Flint, to the point designated at the head of St. Mary's river, by the Commissioners appointed under the third article of the Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Naigatav. between the United States of America and the Iving of Spain, made at San Lorenzo el Heal, on the '-7th day of October, 179.5 : And provid d a!o. That the compensation to be allowed to the person or persons, so to be appointed by the President of the United States, shall not exteed in amount the compensation allowed by the government of Georgia to the person or persons appointed on its part, for the same cbject. Sec, 2. And be it further exuded, i n at the person or persons so to be ap? o'mted, by the President of the United States, with such as have been or shall be appointed for the same purpose, on the part of the State of Georgia, after they in conjunction, shall ha e run and distinctly marked said line, shall make two fair drafts, or maps thereof, both of which shall be certified by them, and "ne of which shall be deposited m the office of the Secretary of State for the United States, and the ether delivered to the governor of Georgia. Sec. 3. And b" it further enacted, That for the purpose of carrying this act into execution, the sum of 5U00 dollars, be, and hereby is, appropriated, to be paid out of any money in the Treasury, not otherwise appropriated. JOHN V. TAYLOH, Speaker cf the fi-.tme f Riprestn:a'lvis. JOHN C. CALHOUN, Vice-President cfthe United Surfs, and President cfthe Senate. ArruovKD Mav 4, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. f runLic no. xxxt AN ACT to extend the lines of t i tain Land Districts in the State of Missouri. HK it enacted b t the Senate and ILutr cf R't ' resentatives cfthe Unit d States cfAmtrica in Congress assembled, That the western boundary of the- Land District cf Capt; Girardeau, and cfthe Western Dis-

trict in the State of Missouri, be, and the same is hereby, extended to the Western boundary of the State of Missouri. JOHN W.TAYLOR, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN C. CALHOUN, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate. approved Mav 4, H26. JOHN QU1NCY ADAMS.

public NO. XXXII AN ACT making appropriations tor carrying into effect the appointment of a Missi on at the Congress ot lanama. UK it enated hu the Senate and House I

of Representatives of the United States of A- niitted, and much ot wh.it has U e n atUmpltnerica in Congress assembled, That the fol- d, has been touiul insnrhVient and unavailing lovvine sums be. and the same are hcrebv an- ! practice. Much remains tor us to do, and

nronr ated.nnt nfnnvnmncv in the Treasu 1 ' ' rv, not otherwise appropriated, for earning ! into effect the appointment of a mission at ; the Congress at Panama: that is to say : l or the outnts ot two hnvo s hxtraonhnary and Ministers Plenipotentiary, S't-M-l ot the salaries tor the same, at the rate of 9000 dollars ner ear, 1S.00U dt.Viars : Provided, That it shall not be lawful up ty to cither of the said envoys, more than '00 dollars for his salary in anv one vear, in the capacity of Public Mi-iiter abroad. I or the Se ntarv ot the no-sum at Panama, at the rate o!' S-OCO per annum, For the contingent expenses of the said mission, i;000 dollars. JOHN Y. TAYLOR, Sicaker cf the House of R(prcsrntutivc3. JOHN C. CALHOUN, Vice-President tf the United Statea,urtd f,;s,i.h rr,ft!uS.'?iutt. ! approved Mav 4, 1820. JOHN QUJNCY ADAMS. In Senate of the IT. States, MAY 4, li6. Mr. Benton, from the select committee to which was referred the proposition to in quire into the expediency, of reducing tne patronage ot the Lxecutiv e G overnnient oi the United btates, made t'netdwing report: i hat, after mature deliberation, tW committee are cf opinion that it is expedient to diminish, or to regulate, by law, the executive patronage of the Federal government, whenever the same can be done consistently with the provisions of the constitution, and without impah ing the pro. ;er edk'iency ot the government. Acting under tio conviction. titev n.ive rev iew eel. as oaretuiiv a- tune othvr engagements would pe rn, it theai toilo, the de g' ee and amount ot :at:oaage no v exercised by the president, and h te arrived at the conclusion that the same may, anei ought to be diminished bv law. For this purpose they herewith present to the Senate six bius, entitled: 1st. A bill to rigulate the publication of the Laws of the United States, and of public advertisements. 2d. A bill to secure in ofiice the faithfm Collectors ec Disburtvrs of the Revenue, ami to displace defaulter od. A bill to reguiate the appomtinent ct masters. 4th. A bill to regulate tne apptnn ment of cadets 5th. A bill to rearul ite ti appointment of midshipmen. tth. A bill ti) prevee.t military and naval officers from being dismissed the service at the pleasure of the pre sident '1 he comaiittcc do net doubt but that there are many other branches cf the executive patronage, in addition to those which are comprehendeded in the provisions of these bills, which noght be ad untageously regulated bv law. Far from thmkmc: that they hav e exiiaused the suoiect. thev believe that diey h.ve only opened it, and that nothing more can be done, at tuis time, than to lay the foundation of a system to be followed up and Con i p : e t e d h e re a ft e r. In ccm:.:ig to the conclusion that executive patron u;e ought to be dmunisiied and regulated on the plan proposed,, the committee rest their opinion on the ground that the exercise of great patronage in the h.mds of one man, has a rnist-iiit tendency to sully the puntv of our institutions, and to endanger the liberties of the country . This dot trine is net new. A jealousy of power, and of the n.tluence cf patronage, which must always accompany its exercise, lias ever been a distinguished feature in the American character. It displayed itself strongly at the -aed cf the formation, and of the adoption, cfNVFederal constitution At that time thefeV b!c :cssof the old confederation had excited a much greater dread of anarchy than of power " of anarchy among the members than vi p-nve-rin the head" and although the linpiassion was nearly universal that a government (fmoie energetic character had becp:ne iiulispensal.dy necessary, ct, evtn liiider the influence of this conv iction such vv as the dread of power and patronage that the st ites with extreme reluctance, ieldetl their absent to the establishment f the Federal go ernment. Nor vv as this the effect cf iule and visi:;i iiy fears on the part cf an ignorant multitude, without knowledge of the nature and tendencv vi power. On the contrarv, it re viked from the most extensive and profound political knowledge from the heads of statesmen unsin passed, in any age, in sagacity and patriotism. Nothing could reconcile the great men of that tiav to a constitution of so much power, but the gu uds which were put upon it against the abu-e of power. Dread and jealousy of this abuse displ iv ed itself throughout the instrument. To this Feudalist.

spirit we are indebted for the freedom of the press, trial by jury, liberty of conscience, i frcedom of debate, responsibility to consihu- ; cuts, power of impeachment, the control of the senate oer appointments to office; and, many other provisions of a like character. ! Hut the committee cannot imagine that the jealous foresight of the time, great as it was, ; or that any human sagacity, could have fore- j seen, an placed a competent guard upon, j

evcry possible avenue to the abuse ot power! i ne nature 01 a constitutional act excludes the possibility of combining minute perfection with general excellence. Alter the ex ertion ot all possible vigilance, something of what ought to have been done, has been oi mi .vi i r nmcu w in sua l cmam ior postenty to cm ior those unborn generat'n ns to do, on whom will I devolve the sacred t:.sk of guarding the tein- i pie of the Constitution, and of keeping ah e ; the vestal flame of iibertv. The committee '.e'.ieve that they will be : acting in the spirit o' i'.-e constitution in labor- I ing to multiply tlie tS . ;t'd, and to strengthen ; the barriers aeaiiist the possible aiuise of power. If a community could be imag.ned in which the law should execute themselves in which the power of government should consist in the enactment of laws in such a state the machine of government would carry on its operations without jar or frictior. ; Partk s would be unknown, and the moveI tncntsof the political machine wi uld bnt little more disturb the p t-sious of men, than they are disturbi d by the oper itions cfthe great laws of the material world, init this is not the case The scene slnLs from this imaginary region, where la ws exec ute toe msc Ives, to the theatre of ical life, wlmeii they are e xecuted by civil .,nd military cii, cers, by armies a.ial navies, by courts of j.t tice, by the codection i nd disbursement t revenue, with all its train of salaries, jobs, ik contract-;; and in th s .4spc ot f the reahtv, we I)el o'd the wovki .g of pa'ronage, and discova r the reason wny so main' stand ready in anv country, and in all ages, to flock to ! the standard el" porvt r wheresoever, and by whoms' ever, it noty be l ai-td. Toe patro u.ge of tlie Federal gov ernnier.t at the begin '.iag, wa. founded uj.'iin a revenue f two millions of ilolFirs. It i. now operating ui vu twenty-two millions, and, within the life-time of m my now living, hum ojerate upon titty. The whole revenue must, in a lew years, be wholly applicable to subjects of patronage. At pieout, about one half, s iv ten mi'.i! is of it, aie apropri ited to the principal c lutei est of the piibho debt, wiiich, from t'ae nainre cfthe object, involves hut little patiiun :ge. l.i the course of a few v Ct'. s, this ile bt, without giett ;nismv.ia'.ro j me nt, must be paid off. A s unt period of I peace, and a faitiiful ap.dicati- of the sink ing iuud, must peediiv ,i..a mplih th. L most desirable object. Ciders the iva-nuc be' til en reduced, a work asdu'hcult in republics .isin monarchies, the patronage .t the Federal go vernment, great as it already is, must, in the lapse of a tew years, receive a ast accession of strength. The revenue itself will be doubled, aim instead of o.ie halt being applicable to objects et patron ige, the whole will take th a direction. Thus, the redaction of the pub ic diot, and the increase of rev euue, will multiply in a lour fold degree the number of persons in the service of the Federal gov ei nment, the quantity of public money in tueir hands, and tne number et objects to which it is applicable ; but, as each person employed will have a circle of greater or less diameter, of w hich he is the centre and the soul a circle composed of friends and relations, and of individuals employe d by himself on public or (mi private account the actual increase of federal power and patronage bv the duplication of tne revenue, will be, not in the arithmetical ratio, but in a geometrical progression, an increase dmost bey ond the power of the mind to calculate or to comprehend. The committee think it right to attempt to give an nleu ot the greatness of this power of patronage, by referring to an example in a single c.tv. 1 hev will take the citv cf Newxork, and a su gle branch of the federal patronage in tii.xt city ; and to avoid mistake or en or, will hunt their I eh it nee to a work cf unquestionable authority upon this subject the Blue Book" cf the republic, which cor responds v. iili the " Hed 1m k .t monar chies, iX will i eaU from pages 41, 42, 4J, 44 45. 4v, cf th.it vri ewnui httk v olome. Here h Uows u list ot 178 ofneers, whohc jomt salaries amount to Slt7,3l. A formidable list indeed! formidable in uuml eis, and still mere so, from the v.vst amount oi money m tneir lianas. 1 lie actioy (f such a bony of nan, supposing tlicm to be animated by one spirit, must be ticmendouf iu an election; and that they will be so animountoi nioncv in their hands. 1 he actio mated, is a piojios.tion t(,o plain to need dt monstration P,iv rover a man's i:rrt, h is alwav s been he Id & admitted to be ',?:'- over lis :;-..7. 'Flic pie side nt luos ' power ov er the 4 support' of .ill these ofiice is; and they aa:n have ' power' our the 4 sujij;ort of debtor merchants to the amount of ten millions of Ooliars.; r annum, and over the d lily s,,ptoii et an immense number of mdi id. i lls, prole ssion.d, mech micd rkiv'From tne 4th day of Maih, 17MJ, to the 31 st of December, 1.91, a peiiol f almcst three years, the whole amount i f the levenuc of the Federal g jveruuient, vsis only 4,418,913 dolus. t Federalist,

laboring, to whom they can or tuill extend cr deny, a valuable private as well as public ra tronagc, according to the part which they shall act in S'ate, as well as in Federal, t lec tions. Still this is only a branch, a mere prong of Federal patronage, in the city of New-Yoik The same government has, in the same cry, a branch of the United States' Hank, wielding a capital of many millions ; a 1 ivjge Military, Naval, and Pcst-Omce cstab-

hshmcnt; a Judiciary, with its appropriate officers; Presses, which print the laws and public ad ertiscmer.ts ; and a long list of contractors and jobbers Hut it may be said that this is an extreme case ; that the city of New-Yi rk is the t.rst citv in the U n'n n, and Federal patronage necessdi il the gt eutest there granted Then go to the other extreme ; take a borough town of comparative ely small peculation, arid an insignificant amount of revenue to collect ; take Norfolk, with her w hite population of of 0O0O souls, and her nttt re enue of So4,712 and 7 cents, and see the power of nutronaee th.-rc. From Blu Pook, pages 53, 54. Here f; l;.ws a list ot 41 flitet s, salaries, jointly, amounts to Sit ,uM whose Forty-one officers supported and employed by a single brunch cf Federal patronage in Norfolk' to collect an annually decreasing lev ciiuc of C 1,712 aid l27 cents; ;i sngle branch, fu .his borough, also, has her n ivy vard, and military establishment ; her Jodi- ( i. rv, pcfct-otlice, presses, and the unknown a1 d unknowable lir of jobbers and contractors ; and the still more inscrutable lit cf expectants, who are waiting for ' dead men's s s i s,' and willing, in the im an win e, to do any thh.g that the living men wish The inilueiua of such a bodv of men, anim. ttd by one ipii itin an vlection. must be still more e tile :c i t in a borough-tow o of f.ve thousand souls, than the influence cf a far greater number of Federal fficers uik. retainers, in the fir g.cter population of N. York. And so th o ighout th. Union. Kvcry litre, the exit ci e tront'k r or the remotest State or Terr.b ry, leder.d p-.tiotntge will be found, in degree and f.. ice. prcpouionate to the population of the plaic. and f 1 1 er aogu.t i.ting with tla incre. siiig power .f the Govern ment. Diminution ct p ..tronage is not tho t of: the state cfthe Custom House in Norfolk is already pregnai.i proof of this. '1 he pwwer ot p ;tronage, unless checked by !oiou3 interposition ot Congress, mmt go on met casing until Federal influence, in many puiisof this Confeder.ition, will pi ,dom;n;ttc. m elections, as completely as lirili.V.i iidhiei.ee predominates in the elections ci i otl.md t Irel.nid, in rotten lioruugu towns. c in t;ie gre.it naval stations of Portsmouth and 1 lyrin.iah. in no p a t of the practical operation of the reaeral Ciov eminent, has the predictions of tn. ablest adv ocates bet n moi e cor..,letcly l.d-ihcd, than in this sul j. ct cf patwnage. 1 he numbers 43 and 46 of the Fectr.dist were devoted to .n iiupiii y iuto tlie c u.p.iralive lacunsol mllut .ce jicssesst il bv the Fedi al and the M ite t-ov l rnn.ents ; and the suieri.; rnv , at e v ery pomt of V e inquiry, was assigmd to the lata r. It wdl be us fill to rt iid a tew pass ge s fi ;n tii s i.;m ii, rv Compaicd with the ;i'...o ate of innvs. they will exhibit tin o ff ie.a wlmha U w short years have devch j ed, between the theoretical ami the practical gmernim nt of this Union ; and the thinking mu.d will be can ietl toiward, by a natural unpnls.n, to contemplate tlie further differences, v. h'. h a few years must uncover. thk parages. "'I'he powers delegated by the j)irK scd constitution to the dirul (iovcrnirt nt. ; rc Jryj and d. fined those which remain to the State Gov ernii.ens, are numerous and u:d-Ji-Kdc. The iiMtnbe r or individuals employed under the c.o- Mitutr n of the United Statea, wdl be much sn.al'r than the number employed under the particular Statts: there will, consequently, beA.vcf persou.d inthience on the side 1 the farmer than of the luitn: If the Fede ral Ci ova rutin nt is to have Collectors cf revenue, the S,'u,e ( iuv ernments will have thdr.y also; and as those nt the fui mcr ( the U. MAtes) will be pi 'map d!) en the ea coast, and, not very numerous whilst those 0f tlie latter ( the States J will be spread over the iace of the Country. ad willbe vtry numerous ; the advantage in this view alio lies on the same side, ( the ako of the S'aics.J Within every district to which l Federal colli tor um!i! !if :ill.t fl tlicra m i . - uiaaxa'w '"il. nveij Vile i I would not be less than thirty r forty, or even more officers, ff diffe rei t desci intions in the employment of the States.) and many t t them peisonsof character and wcght wlu se influence would he on the side (J the bTATK." 1 (' be able to snow to the benatc a full & more perfect view cf the power Ci working ' 1 : Feceral patn.r.nge, the C emmittee addres i-cd a note, immediately afterthev were char Fo be able to show to the Senate a full 2c ged with this in.pjirv, to each of the Departments, and to the Post Master (iencral. re questing to be informed cfthe win le cumber of peis. lis emploved, and the w licit amount ot money paid cut, under the direcii n f their respective departments. 1 he ansctsreceived are herewith ti!)mitted, es: made part cf tiiis report. W :th the liLfK Hook, they will discover enough to show th.it the prediction (-f thoso who were iiotbluai to the defects f the t' institution, are nady to be realized ; that the power and influence of Federal p.uion.iy,c, contrary to the argument ia the 44 Ftd tult," is an ovt vm.itcii for the power and influence of the S'jte p atn iid' e that iti workings will contaminate its purity cf all clcctioa3f and imLIq Uc Federal (icr