Western Sun & General Advertiser, Volume 13, Number 49, Vincennes, Knox County, 4 January 1823 — Page 2

the late war, cs military bounties 1 though they may for a certain time i inppili' the settlement and prosperity of the State, from the circumstance of their heing chiefly owned in large quantities by non-resident purchasers, will

nave tue immediate cuect or increasing the revenue from taxable lands. As these two sources of revenue, therefore, are more than fall to the lot of other new States, there seems to be a gnat propriety in appropriating them to .the ureat work of internal improvements leaving the ordinary expenditure of the civil administration of the State, to be met, as in other States, by oidinarv taxation. The Union being deeply interested in the success ot the undertaking, Illinois has a riht to expect the assistance of the federal government in opening the proposed connection between the lakes and the Mississippi. It has been seen, however, with regret, that in the act passed on this subject, during the last session of congress, little or nothing was gunted. nd much required from the itate. The act referred to, only gave pjrnission to the state to cut a canal th ugh the public lands connecting the Illinois river with lake Michigan, and gi anted to it the bredth of the canal, and ninety fect on e side of it. As a consideration for this permission, and Aery small grant of land it was required that the state should permit all articles belonging to the United States, or to any person in their employ, to pass toll free forever. These conditions are less liberal than individuals holding small tracts ot land usually grant for the benefit of having a navigable canal brought by their doors : and when it is recollected that the United States own all the lands through which the proposed canal would pass, and for an immense distance about it and of course that the immediate ben etii in the increased value of the land Mould be confined to the United States, it cannot but excite surprise that so little should have been granted by a party who had so much to give, and who would be so much benefitted by the gift. From the wise and liberal views, however, which have so generally marked the proceedings of congress, I feel persuaded that a reconsideration of the subject will lead to a more favorable result. To say nothing of the great facilities it will af

ford to the transportation of the means of

defence to the various parts of our great republic, and to its commercial and friendly intercourse, a canal would have the imnediate and direct effect of greatly increasing the value of the public lands. Thus a grnat of land to the state which would enable it speedily to complete the

canal, would not only be greatly beneficial to the State and Union, but by increasing the va.ue and sale of the public lands, would add to. rather than diminish, the proceeds from them. This view of the subject is calculated to re move objections to the power of congress to make the proposed grant of land, as it is not, strictly speaking, an appropriation ot public property to internal improveivwmus, but only such a disposition of it, ai is best calculated to advance its value. To obtain the requisite information, and to enable the state to effect these great objects, I recommend to the legislature 1st. To form a fund to be appropriated exclusively to internal improvements, to consist of the revenues received into the treasury from the military bounty lands ; from the salines ; from fines and forfeitures, or such portion hereof as the public exigencies will admit of; and from euch other sources as the legislature, ii its wisdom. may think proper to setapart for that purpose. 2d. To invite the attention of the states of Ohio and Indiana to the importance of improveing the navigation of the Wabash and Maumi rivers, and connecting them hy a canal ; and to enter into arrmgements with those states jointly to eflf ct an object so greatly conducive to t.ie interest of all. 3d. To make provision for examining the rivers ; for exploring the country ; fur making accurate surveys, and for mar king out the line of the canals, with detailed estimates ofthe cot. And lastly, that these surveys and estimates be transmitted, as soon as they are completed, to the general government, together with a memorial of the legislature to congress, setting forth, on the ot'j band, the just and reasonable c! dots of this state, and, on the other, the nttional inducements to assist bv a liberal donation of land, or in some other way, in opening the contemplated communicaions. The people of this state take a deep interest in the proposed continuation of the national turnpike road from Wheeling to the mississippi river. It is much to be desired that the rand should bo

marked out as soon as possible, as its Id-1 no tystem of punishment v? bich is so just

cation will have a considerable influence I and rational in itself, and which can be

on the settlements and permanent im

provements in its vicinity, As it must necessarily take many years to complete a turnpike road from Wheeling to this state. I would iuggest that propriety of (in some degree) anticipating the great advantages to be derived from it by the legislature authorising the road to be opened and put into a state to be used, as soon as practicable, after it is permanently located by the general government. This, it is believed, would require but little labor, in consequence of the country abounding very much in prairie, and the surface being unusually level and smooth. The ordinance, established by congress for the government of the North-Western territory, declares that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in the country. Yet, notwithstanding this, slavery still exists in the state. I call the attention of the legislature, in an especial manner, to this subject ; and if it should be considered that this fundamental prohibitory declaration has not had the effect of severing the bonds of servitude, I earnestly invoke the interposition of the legislature in the caukc of humanity. By the terms of the session of Virginia to the Urited States ofthe country north-west of the river Ohio, it was stipulated that the inhabitants thereof, who professed themselves to have been citizens of Virginia, previous to the session, should " have their possessions and titles confirmed to them, and be protected in the enjoyment of their rights and liberties." Under this stipulation, the negroes who were then in the teritory,and who were slaves by the laws of Virginia, were claimed by their masters, and continued in bondage ; and in that state they or their posterity have ever since remained. As there is, however, no exception made in relation t these slaves in the general and explicit prohibition contain ed in the ordinance, it would seem to have been the intention of the framers of it. that slavery and involuntary servitude should cease. Be this, however, as it may, the lime has certainly arrived when the subject demands the serious consideration of the legislature. As no one will contend that the stipulation of Virginia was intended to restrict Illinois forever from eradicating this anomaly in her government, so none should deny that after a lapse of near forty years she can do so without being subject to reproach, unless it be from having tolerated it so long. Conceiving it not less due to our principles, than to the rights of those held in bondage, that they should be restored to tieir liberty, I earnestly recommend to the legislature that just and equitable provisions be made for the aboration of slavery in the state. Justice and humanity require of us a general revisal of the laws relative to negroes, in order tht better to adopt them to the character of our institutions, and the situation of our country. In states wheie there are a great number of slaves, it has been found indispensibly necessary, as well for their subjection as for the good order of society, to enact very strict laws for restraining negroes, both bond and free. But in a community like ours, where there are so few, there is no necessity for such severe restrictions and as the motive for severity ceases, so the the unreasonableness of it is augmented. I would also recommend to the legislature to enact more effective laws to prevent the kidnapping of free blacks a crime which I am sorry to say is too of ten perpetrated with impunity in our state. I should not be foi holding out any particular encouragement for the emigration of free negroes to the state, as they are a kind of population not to be desired; but the duty of society, as well

as everv benevolent feelinir demands of

us to protect them as long as they remain

among us, especially in the enjoyment of

the inestimable right of personal liberty. The peculiar situation of our state, bordered as it is on three sides by great navigable rivers, communicating with districts of countrv where there is always a ready demand for slaves, offers such a facility and temptation to this lawless and inhuman practice, as to require more efficient laws to conteract it. There is no duty which devolves on society more immediately interesting to it. and to every individual member of it, than the means to be applied for the prevention of crimes. When punishments arc excessively severe, the offender too often escape punishment through the aveneus of mercy; and accordingly we had from experience that the certainty rather than the severity of punishment operates most beneficially in the prevention of crimes Attention to this principle is due alike to our feelings and

to the good order of society, 1 know of

apportioned so exactly to the different

shades of crimes, as confinement and hard labor; which has also this peculiar advantage that it taxes crimes for the suppres

sion of crime. I would theiefore suggest

the propriety of erecting, as soon as practicable, a Penitentiary House ; and of appropriating the sum now due from the sale of lots in this place to that object. I have thus frankly and explicitly communicated my views, and called your attention to what appears tome to be the most important objects claiming it. If we should differ as to the policy or expediency of any particular measure, I am suic it will be an honest difference; and mutual respect will teach us to give credit to each other for upright intentions, pure motives, and conscientious convictions. It will be very gratifying to mc to witness barmony and kind feelings between the several co-ordinate branches of the gov eminent, and between the individual members composing them. Nothing shall be. wanting on my part to promote so desirable an object. From the useful information and interesting views given by my worthy predecessor,and the knowledge youbting with you. coming as you do from the various districts of the State, ofthe immediate wants and wishes of the people, you will be enabled to adopt such measures as will promote the general, as well as local, interests of the State, and cannot fail to ensure to you the approbation of your constituents. To the Great Ruler of the Universe we are indebted for all that we enjoy, and it behoves us to boSecially grateful for the inestimable privilegeof civil andpol; tical feedom Mav he continue o us hL kind protection, and so direct our labors that they may advance the prosperity of our country, and the happiness of its ci tizens.

Sale of Furniture at

IRON STORE.

On Saturday the 4th January,

Samuel Jacobs will sell next door to the office of Saml. Hill Esqr corner of Market and Second streets, his remaining Furniture consisting of, one elegant Brussells carpet, " one high post Bedstead, " one Urn, do. do do. u one Feather Bed, " one sett Windsor chairs, " one wash Table, Books, Waiters, Stools, Kitchen Furni ture, Garden Tools, 8cc. ice. Sale to commence at 10 o'clock. ALSO A very valuable Horse. December 28, 1822. 48 2w.

Valuable Goods.

'REYNOLDS &

& BONNER,

MAR KEY SYREEYy VIXCEXXES,

AVE just received from new york

PHILADELPHIA k BALTIMORE, a

very extensive and general assortment of European, India, & American DRY GOODS. ALSO HARDWARE and CUTLERY, GLASS,' and I LIVERPOOL, J VT Superior COT TON & WOOL CARDS, STR AW BONNETS, Ladie's and Gentlemen's MOROCCO, oTnrn KID, and SiIOKS LEATHER 5 ""AJ A complete assortment of GROCERIES, rate-it .A1L. WiNiOW i.i,.S5,&c.&c. Aii ;v, reined at the lowest prices which enables them to sell accordingly.

3-U September, 1822.

NOTICE TO FARMERS. Tf IE subscriber will make a few WHEAT FAXL G MILLS of different sorts, as farmers may require persons wisbing to purchase will be pleased to make it known before the middle of January next, as I shall make them with single screens if any purchases wishes, he can have them with screcnr for cockle Sc cheat. - l or the above work one half may be paid in produce delivered at Colman's mill, and the work will be warranted of the best quality. T. W. PARKER. December 9, 1822. 46-6w

THE subscribers have constantly on hand at their store in Vinccnncs, a large assortment of Bar Iron & Castings, f every description, which they ofTer by wholesale and retail, at reduced prices. Merchants, and others who purchase large quantities, can be supplied here cd as reasonable terms as at any other place in the western country. They also offer for sale, CO barrels Kenhaxca Salt. J AMES k Mc.ARTHUR. November 9, 1822. 41 -tf NOTICE. " 7 n HE subscriber having discontinued jL his school, most earnestly requests those that are indebted to him to make immediate pay ment, as his situation will not admit of any longer indulgence He also takes this opportunity of returning his thanks for the verv liberal patronap-e ... . -

ne nas heretoiore received. WILL. L. WITHERS.

Dec. 1 1, 1822. 46-tf ICPAs he is about to leave the country, he flatters himself the above noticewill be attended to, W. L. W. Lost Certificate of Land purchased from the United States. PUBLIC notice is hereby given, that, nine weeks after date, application will be made to the Register of the Land OfKce at Vincennes, for the renewal &f a Certificate in my name, for the S. E. quarter of Section No. 27, in Township No 8, V of Range No. 10, W. in thr District of Vincennes, the original having been lost by mail. Given under my hand this 1st day of November, 1822. 10-9t FREDERICK GIRAUD, Jr.

NOTICE IS hereby given to all the heirs and legal Repieseiitatives of Isiabella Haddan, deed, late of Sullivan county, that application will be made to the Circuit court of Sullivan county at their next March term, to have commissioners appointed to divide the real estate of said

Issabella Haddan, deed.

DAVID HADDAN, JESSE J. BENEF1EL, in right of his wife Helen, one of the heirs. December 13, 1822. 46 4t

FERRY.

HTHE subscriber having again taken jL the FERRY of Chas Smith, deed.

where he has a large new boat, with a-

prons and railing, for the ease and safety

of carriages and stock. He flatters himself by strict attention, to share a part of the public favor. DAVID CHANDLER.

Notice to Farmers. THE subscriber will purchase fop

2000 bushels of CORN.

JOHN EWING. November 1, 1822. 40-tf NOTICE. THE Books of" Charles Smiths' Vincennes Steam Mill Company," are placed in my hands for settlement. It is wished ll? expected that "those things which are Ceasar's, will be rendered un

to Ccasar." G. W.JOHNSON. Nov. 1 1 1822. 42 tf THE VlXCEyNES DISTILLERY. THE undersigned has taken the above Establishment for the purpose of Manufacturing WHISKEY. Where J they have on hand, and intend keeping a constant supply of the best quality of Rectified Whiskey ; warranted inferior to none manufactured in the country. They will exchange WHISKEY and KENHAWA SALT of the best quality at a reduced price, for Jl'heat, Rye Corn, or Stock Hogs, delivered at their distillery, or at the Vincennes Steam-Mill. ALSO r

The highest price in CASH will bz f

given tor gooa .uapic Char Coal, Delivered at the Distillery. JOHN C. R EI LEY 5c Co. Vincennes, Mav 22, 1822. 17 tf

A Complete assortment of Magistrates Blanks for sale at this N office also Blank Deeds. Blank NOTEBOOKS forfait at this office.