The Western Register and Terre-Haute advertiser, Volume 4, Number 12, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 9 June 1827 — Page 2

III

!H*'e

vteiH

tuppose there was a little of reality the pretentions! of Mr. Huskisson a to free trade," and that the Britis ports were opened only tor the admission of bread-stuffs It is reasonable believe that such proceeding tnighi advance the price of flour one dolla per barrel. This increase of pne would belaid, of course, on the whof quantity sold by the growers of grainvvhich is pretty nearly equal to 15,000.t)00 barrels—their profits would, there fore, br increased iu

the su:n ot fittee

miMions of dollars I beseech the farmers to look at tms—the propositi!): is, in its own nature, assure asan% that can be drawn from holy writ And are they to he gulled and coeatf. thus, bo British agents and iLh,a I bout British "free trade I'^

I a degree of impuaence proceeu ine, of thus? men that is mtolerao Ami can the farmers support a trade I which, (directly.) does notlnus t« port them—which stands a.-*

fivs

dred dollars exported to ticmty-eig.it I millions imported I Vtave luidiYp-'-tie nee when I think of those who grave1 resist whatever may tend to remove thi* outrageous inequality II In statistical subjects, it is especial. ,ly necessary that the writer sho'i.d assisted by the consideration of the I reader indeed, he must measurably rely upon it else the details wou.d be tedious and dry beyond a'l bearing,

But some captious person may a-*— how do the grain-growing states bear this inequality in their trade with Britain The answer is easy by the I invaluable Trace which thev have with ,! one another, and with rest of the 1 states, and ther with them, and by that enjovi with ot-ier nations than the British What sea is not vexed with our industry, what port which is opened to i-* not frequented, if therefit we can dispose ot any commodity.

I the avails

whereof will"

ni"~

enable us to

iji pay Britain for her goods? We go li over ail the wor'! to gather profit. and

ca-t it iuto Britain lap. But we shall at some future period, sdiew these things from official statements. The facts, however, a as stated and cauvl not be denied ji The growth of woo), hemp and flax, and of 'Uher articles. inu*l be resorted to by the farmers and he manufacture of them be encouraged ar.d supported. 1j else the greatest and most important 41 branch of business, the ag icuUu-al, 1 will fail to produce a reasonable profit to land owners anl those who till the 6oiI and a comparative state of ivant.^ 'in th^feiMtnt condition of society ^^^0ortion of this chosen ar,d valuable people the free of their own lands—the best rv of the morals, the gb's

Te liberty of their country the' which must mainly defend our in

rfutions

at arms—the bone and the

inew of every nation in the world And besides, are their for^tts and their ^mi/its, the giff3 of God far the bene fit of lii3 creatures, to remain u*eles» *v.id valueless becausc thtir products, V. in a rude state, are not required for I foHEiwN exportation

No—m,.thiv

have a natural and unalienable right 1 to make such products useful and valui*. ab'e, and they mu?t and will have tnanifticlures of them at home, with roads and canals for the supply of the domeftic market, seeing that others i-e t.'.e will be considered as rejecting the bounties of heaven, to tiieir own misey, degradation and shame, That little fif wwrk,the improvement or the navigation I jj'lf the Schuylkill, iu Pennsylvania will f| fciehl a greatt annual limn^y-profi' vr coal ami iron"brought Into u»e by i» t1 an ihe whole foreign export of the tfate afford* to the incalculably valua

bodv of free men and farmeis in that powerful commonwealth. Tho^jrtat works, the jSew-Wi'k canals, bcpeninjr ways tj the market. ire,oi non will be. in the actual production more prfi' to the land h: !dt:'« and

Vmers of Xr-w-Vori: ar.d Veinnnit, •c. than the whole value of the pro-

fdt fy contradiction, for it i* proved by pur records, that in 1825, the whole ex•porffttions into England, Scotland* Ire Land, from diis country, in feed ant! j^vpport their manufacturers, did oof Unmount to 8200 ^ir, only 151 ^|flour, rye, corn, wheat, oats, pul^e—

®md every ether species of grain, $R8 ir Df all kinds of animal food—bet f. pork %1fC. 834 And of all kinds of drink ||*rbiskey, gin, beer, cider, $19 ,!j With tlit'se facts staring him in t!.» b|ace, the British minister himself wouhf 'jiilush to ask the grain growing state the union to buy from them, tha'

hey mav buy from us."—Sir, I wouu ny

when Gteat Britain resorts to pro vibitinn, I wiH countervail her polic a like resort to prohibition. If shI'iirohibits our flour and provisions,

prohibit her wool and woollen*

•'1We can live as independently of he ig she can of us Jlf Mie will take bu (§151 worth of our bre«d ani meat jfliied her manufacturers, I will takebu tki J1 worth of her wool and woollen* /will goto New England or Steuben j-ilie, and buy from those who will bu rom me, and who will giadily give

Slothin exciw n#ejforfcour|pi-ovisionsam

lucts of airiculture experted from all he atate9, east and west, located nor if the Potomac, and containing a largmajority of ail the people of the Unit •d States. The trade

which

^quieth

.asses down the Susquehannah,in Uk roducts and property of farmers and .Ther land owners on the shores-of tha. iver, and its tributaries, and whici hiefly centers at Baltimore, though the lavigation is hazardous, is «tst null to about one half of the wl.o.f ,lue of domestic articles exported rom Baltimore to foreign places which inludes nearly all the Maryland tobacco, .vith a considerable quantity from O.uo, and large supplies of flour, &.c, brought •y land from the adjacent

seven

their

-eiglrts, perhaps,

of the people of die United states who personally till their own fields. Ihe hides ot

cattle, when manufactur

ed into leather, are worth much more ihan the part which they have in toe immediate foreign tr ide of the United States"—and yet their share of the expenses of the navy and foieign missions, &c. incurred for the immediate defence of the interests ot that tiade, is pretty nearly, or about, two millions ..f dollars a year. Uut they pay this tax cheerfully—as well from patriotic principles as fioin self-interest,^ well knowing that whatever gives profitable employment to any portion of their countrymen is beneficial iu making a market for themselves.f

We shall now proceed to speak of the cultivaiion ot tobacco—wiiich in chiefly an article for export. St of two very different qualities, Maryland arid Virginia," as they are commonly denominated, though made in & mailer parcels in several other states.

The produce of this article was greater before the revolution than it is now Even in 1758, Maryland and Virginia, alone, exported 70,000 hhds. and in the three years 1791, 1.92 and 1793 [seethe table,] exported 2/ 3,0 -7, Out in the three years 1B4J and I8l24 only 259,CU1, notwithstanding the great increase of laborers. But the foreign market will not receive in ore than a

certain

quantity—the ave

iage of th'j Maryland quality used for

CattU The last census of NewYork, shews that, more than a year tgo, there were l,513,4£l neat cattle in the state—the like o! Ohio gives

v252

541—together for these states O 1,705,965. uch data justify us in believmg that these amount to 7,000,000 in the g'-air-growing and grazing states, a'readv recapitulated. Pennsylvania rati 012,998, returned in f810—seventeen years ago and they aie very numerous in the New England 6tatcs. Met the preceeding are ell the official tateinents that we recollect to have *een, and, while it is hardly possible that either could have exceeded the iea) amount, every probability is that each fell short not less thaft a fourth

So our calculation appears to be a safe one—and far within the actual amount. Supposing that calves are included, the whole stock is reue-w*d about every two years. The manufacture of hide* and skins," as stated in 1810, were valued at gl7,935,477—and the value returned of business done in the

tanneries of the states referred to in the same year, (1810,) was aboot seven millions of dollars—millions short of the then actual amount. The returns

are so imperfect, as any one will perceive on inspecting them, that, though they :ep us hom going too loic in our estimates, the^ only partially, indeed, ihsistin tising to the real sums, 'ffe hope better returns hereafter. See

Rkgitteu, vol VI, page 323, Stc. for

those of 1010.—Those of 1820 v^e mve not published und hardly ever le-

.'er to—for the act of congress so stint

ed the allowance for this service, that the fr.cts stated are wholly useless for general purposes.

fWe meet with the following paragraph in the nev/*papers'«« 4A Mr. iiitinel,of Berlin Prussia, (a b^Cvver,) has discovered a method of 'utaimng twenty poundn of good chrysaii/.ed su^ar, from a Prussian bu»hel, (ab iut 93 puuuds,) of SN heat. The j^aris papers consider the discovery ol minense importance. Mr. VVimmel

as applied to the French government or a patient." /]:_?•

Now, if this is true, and the prices/ je not very expensive, considerable ourceof profit is offered to numerous vheat growers of the interior of our opntry, in which four bushels of wheat, 240 lbs. will not pay for twenty jwundsof sugar and the residum, afir the saccharinc matter is extracted vould feed and fatten catle and ho hich might be made

ttheir

eers to market."

own car

smoking) bein? sli.rf of 30,000-M.H. nd that of Virginia, chielly used fw. •hewing less than

,000

and

a 0:

Pennsylvania, Virgiuia, &c. lhese 'hings are seriously asserted, and we ^re sure that Ihey are substantially true. Similar cases might be multiplied without end, to shew what is the home market compattd with the foreign one, and how insignificant the last is, except as a regulator of the other, to about

Virginia, wh'«ch, iwore than auv othei ^tate Tn the union, deserves to be called the land ot steady haoits," mav long extensively continue the cul'iyfi tion of toba'C). though cotton is r-tpid-lv superseding it in the eastern part that commonwea'Mi,ot which we shah more particularly speak below. The product of "tobacco has declined i. Kentucky, the Carolina-*, Georgia and Louisiana, not being found so-profitable is other agricultural pursuits atu, perhaps, when the labor and capital employed are considered, it is tlie lea-\ profitable of anv other business in the United States, as it is carried on ir. Maryland and Virginia, because of the costly labor of slaves and it has also powerfully tended to retard the progress of population and we tlili in these states, bv exausting the soii and drivmgaway free laborers, Virginia, fate in the first rank of tliw sta'es, stands ihe fourth in elective popula'ion, and, by the census of 1840, wi'l probably be thrown into the suxih grade and in regard to actually operating wealth (which begets wealth.) much further behind than th-at, unless her policy ij changed, though her territory is sovory extensive, and much of her land is ol the Uest quality.-,. But truths like these are offensive and we wish to appeal to the reason of persons without eiciting their passions and. after one or two further remarks on the cultivation of tobacco, we shall immediately speak of Maryland, our own state.

The following shews the value tobacco esported in the yearsgiv'-ri 1822 gG 222,000 1824 4,8 "5.000 1820 *,215,000

The annua! average value ir the last five years was about ft ..-00,000— a less «uyi than thatof the manufactured articles exported in the year just endrd.* The first is stationary or de clining the latter rapidly advancing, and very soon to become, after cotton, much the largest item in our foreign trade Ihe simple mention of these facts, exposes the fallacy of the arguments made against the protective sys tem, which, after supplying the demand at home, as to its chief amount for such goods as are protected, has, already, a worth in like articles exported, (to meet the competition of all nations,) surpassing that of one of our great staple commodities, and of whicb, b) soil and climate, and through custom, we have something like a myiiopo'J

But it is to the planters and people of Maryland that we would now directly address ourselves. In 1790, \vc had 319.000 inhabitants and one eleventh of the whole population of the U. Siates in 1820 we had 407,000, and a twenty jourth part of the whwle population—in 1850 we shall not ihew a thirtieth part of such population, unless because o' the increase in Baltimore arid the other nianulacfui ing districts, indeed, if the-ie be left our, Depopulation is jirobably decreasing. In the first congress we had six members out ot 05—now we have nine out of 215 and, if the present whole number of members is preserved after Hie next censuH, we shall have but seven and'sw, from the possession ot one eleventh part the power of representation, we have passed to a twenty fouflii part, and are just passing into a thirtieth The same operation has taken place and will act upon our neighboi Virginia—though her western •grain growing and grazing and nunufaciur nig district is doing much, indeed, to keep up her standing, und would have a mighty eftect, if less restricted opinitms prevmted, and a really representative government were allowed.J it uth thus speaks to us trumpettongued"—yet we »pcm neither to hear or heed it and what has been our chief commodity for export, and furnished the chiet means ot purchasing foreign gooda, (which we have so much prelerred, and which the people still ilindly wish to see introduced,) is ahout to fail us altogether Ohio has already materially interfered with our tobacco, and, raided by free labor, cun tfford to transport it 300 miles by land, and yet undersell our planters in Baltimore, their own local and natural market See the article from the "American Farmer" which is annexed.

I he fact is that most of our intelligent planters regard the cultivation ot tooacco in Maryland as,no longer profits

'Thejr are thus stated In 1821 1822 1823 1824 1025 mar-

Me a.id

and such

he peculiar condition of this ":»mmo that 90,000 hhds exported will pro luce no more money, on an average, han 80,000! This is a cur.ous ,f the effect of scarcitH

supply

would

a'"

vc speak understandin»l», as will he •^en by a reference to the taole. ina'l ,p from official documents—take til examples of •'oil owing vears Years 1802 1803 :s 15 '^. 1816

succeedin 1 f:Odlars nVHO.oor 'fi.209.onf 8,23 \»'00 12-S09,('0. '-l.oor 6.282,OOi

*-iihfis.

77,721 1 8(.29l

/f 85,337 09,241 8M69 99,009

B22 1823

for

,heir production in this.

their

82,754,000 .,3,120,000 3,139,000 4,480 000 5,700,00(/ 6,000.000

surplus products, includ-

•^butter, c^rgs, vegetables—the hu .- dred little things which the good faiMier and prudent housewife collects and oaves, and

orr or or

universnlly a-»

•lamlon it. if tl^T knew wliat to heir slaves,

many rejectthe.idea of

celling them others, howc\er, are les upSltKis, and the consequence is, hat^reat nmubers of this untortunatr lass°are exported to other states, th ,ost of their ,r about equal to the wnoi*.

B,lt

abundant in resources, if caM-

."i vivher rrtjmlices, "theold man it •mtural advantages have anils, and much water power on the 'I he last is cortaider-

vestern shore. iblv improved in Frederick and Washington counties. n:ul manufacturing establishments an nretty numerous and respectao.c, the.e the population is incr^a«ing—•«,c farmers have large barns and we tilled granaries, and with markets at rheir 'doors, as it were, for the chiet ..nrC of

Cecil, Baltimore,

many cases ihey, iu"'-)

because (.f the m.nket tor tUem,he.' for more r:ey in a year. th intiK whole surplus croj'S of wheat and com rai^fd on plantations cultivated bv eight or ten sddves, Tr thry theinselvt-f eat much, waste more and work little. I'he whi le

crop

of Man land tobacco

may have un averse annual value of £1.500,000" and,tl.is is beiow the clear product of labor employed in theJat*rieso\' B-dtimore alone We do include the employment of mechanic*, properly so call (I and -thus, aided some foreign commerce and navigitioi, and a large home trade, wen.vcfi.'' this small spot, collected arid stt^sste*" mo: than one sixth part ot tov grosj? population, or about a fifth of the whole people of toe .^tate—and create' a market for the products of the fai mers, daily extending in the qu i.i'it) required and prices

reu

6,600 5,000 3,3o0

as «u" manufacturing esJaui:»hn»eiit prosper and persons are gathered o--eth to cojmime the productsof the earth. But to the succeis of these, and the consequent well being of our far*, nit-rs, a liberal encouragement of them, ind a sniy support of interr.al provements, must be alTorded. Whoever stands opposed to them, is oppu. **d to tlu'b'st interests of Maryland for increase. I attention to both is the or:lv means that we have to prevent oai selves from sinking vet lower in le scale of the states. Maryland, with out any sort of interference frith other pu. suits, might^uosist two millions, or mo.e, of sheep, ar.d the product of these would compensate anv loss to be caused by ceasing to cultivate tobacro: and besides, and what is more important. most important, indeed,

wouid

prevent the actual or comparative decrease ot our people, keep the free hboring classes at the homes of their

,- .. su.'iicieutiv to tlie trutn fo afl rd nrao father*,and migMilv advance the nrjee ,. ,•. -.A 1 1

of the state. Real property, of every description, exc?pt in the districts spoken of, has exceedingly declined in value, and, indeed, in some parts ot the state, is seemingly without price." If slave labor ever wa^ profitable with us, it no longer is so—it does not yield more than 3 or 4 per cent f.:r the capital per capita employed, if even thar this id clearly proved by Ihn export of slaves to the more southern states a cruel practice, and which tve hope may be arrested by the introduction of no,v articles of agriculture, such as the breeding of sheep, and the cultivation of flax and cotton, and the rearing of the f-ilk-worm Thesa would-afford employment to many thousands, and employment begets employment, and money begets money, for prosperity begets pi-Mrijierity. [to be. continued in our nc,r£.]''

We have also many valuable mine a

and minerals, which, though rapid.ly earning into use, are yet only partially

wutk«l. l-arge cpiantities of iron are it^wVuOTclenimg i.o ver are carried from the tieigKoorh od of Baltimore to the New iir,gland states, there manufactured, land probahiv

brought Irnck again and sold hern to purchase or pay for "more ore

/'rom Ihe. b.i'liana Journal.

\IL HOAD8.

An extract fry ui an essay by C. Macla-

[concluded.]

Jtesistance on ka lwaifn. u.s now see wlmt ainou.it of pbw er 'wi'.l produce corresponding effecton aru.itway And before wo make more particular inqu ry let us suppose that the retardation occasioned by friction, in stead of increasing as the square ofMi,* velocity like the resistance of a 11 aid, increases in the simple Vatio ot the veto city We have seen then, that a lore,' ®f traction ot 100 pounds on a leve! railway, moves a body weighing ii0,0„ pounds at the rate ot two miles an hr

We may hence calculate the efi'or duced by any greater amount i'0,000 lbs are moved at oi power, 2 m,le3 au hour bjM. po- ,erQf

mo,

4 2 0 0

5 300 do

uo. 400 do do -i 600 dg

JR VOJVVERSKLF.

^ower of one hundred pounds /es 20,000 lbs. at 2 nules aa hour

10,000

do.

do. dodo.

6 8

do. tin. do.

I-Ience we spe, that though a rn0,. force of 100 lbs produces three J? is great an effect on a canal

rail road at two miles an hour, tbis° priority of tha water conveVanc,% ost, if we adopt a velocity of six in hour and at all greater veloeif"6' •he same expenliture of power will duce a greater etfect on a railway th on a canal, a river or the sea this calculation the advantages of i"1 •-ailway are cstimattd much below

The frictioi) of iron s!idh»0l 23 percent, rf the weight'

1st.

iron, is reduced to

l25

dy is in motion^'

L2nd

a in so no a

of lauds and add to th-general wealth ,, ,='• r, o..„, 1^- Itftdbws from t:i»s lonthlay that, a body impelled akmg a railway

by a constant power exceeding wltft ii sufficient to overcome the resist'itC'1 at friction, ^whicn is*u uniiorm qaaaUt.v,} will have its motion conUuually uCC'ltrated iu the ratio of the ?|Utres ol tV.e ti.T.es A body, fur instance so imj*-?:i-ed, which travels one foot or one vrl in t.he first

cond, w.\ travel tlu^ei'

or yards the next s. coa l. Hvr f'^t oryardsui the tn.rd, seven .u the oa-"ia audso'ion.

And botverer small the original velocity ui.ty be, it will iu imie increase beyond any assignable liaiit Tue motion ot the if noi strictly contorma ble to til is prnciple, will at le^st. J? pi aximate vo it. it foilotrs aho from t:ic ,:t: b.\v, that iftne p:wur-xpe uled la^ver.roming the la.-rt.a of the movi:^

ighi ret

per ccnt. after they.

Friction increases in a

nearly the same with that of pressimIf we increase the loaf of a sled'.'

lug ing |e |to al t'e y'

pro.

truth It proceeds on the 1^ /pother

that the friction increases in the ratio of the velocity Such was the pinion of Furguson, Mu.schenbrori'c. some otlier writers, .t tho mori cent and accurate experiments of :omb and nee, have overthrown th doctrine and established canciu^! extremely dilTeront, of which the foi' lowing is an abstract:

S|mp!a

Iro

|oi i) it fr

carriage four times, the friction \vjjj j,! nearly, but not quite, four times ter 3d Friction is nearly the whether the body movesoria small greater surface, but it is rather le»j when the surface is small. 4th The iri::tion ot roiling *and s:|. ding bodies, so far as it has been iriv^. tigated, follows nearly, but not precis-, the same Jaw, as to velocity, a»ul |f13. I iw is, that the friction is the s.»me for ad velocities, or the resist mce is eq-rU •u equal times whatever be the ..?ssed It is with this last law or,. Iy, that .ve hive to do at present, audit is remarkable that the extraordinary re* suits to w.nch it leads, have been so we know, entirely o\er!ooked bv writers on roads an raiiwiys These results indeed have an appearance paradoxuvil tint they uill snock tite inth of practical men, though tae priai.'ijj.r: t'iom which they flow, i« adinitteJ without question by all scientific mechanicians.

As it would be wfong fo«-peak with 2 degree of confidence, which the present state of our knowledge does notjustif., it is proper to mention that we Ij .v no accurate experiments to gui'le us u, regaid to friction ot rolling bo»lies, and that though Coulomb's cxpe.rimeub as to sliding bodies, were conducted with the greatest care and precision, yet he employed only low velocities, a:«l as the phenomena of friction preset many anoniolies, I would not be understood (0 guaranty the ldera\ accuricf of the conclusions I have deduced, i'i every minute detail and at all possible velocities, havo no doubt In vem, that iese conclusions will approAMnaLe

bond' ce xi%\

to-

iu the earlier part oi its joar ie -*1 ved, bv an imp »!s« ^-'Cn at'tlie-momen

of Startuni tit", 'dV

actly as it wouid nave d-wie iw-i

Kilt not only minium Aa Ui^h Uj.i ttius eoinwun.catcd but incieasu 1 other words, tuc same

observe, -that if a horiznntal^ weia made ronnd tb^

machine ss»-

ihe

ved at the same degree af velocity

l))'

C0MS int

which would equally maintain a \e. c»*of two miles an hour, would maintain a velocity of twenfy nir.es iiour »t is only the resistance et rn air (increusing as the square ol tltf city) that prevents this indefinite-«tCCL ••ration and ultimatidy renders t!^ tion uniform. As an illustration oMeti .ct ot" the motion described,

fii

||r£

power cv^

«quiv5,jcr.t to tho friction, were p^. on che railway and launched bv pulse witH any detOrmiuative

^alivaya «.tiuposii!g the

vcSoCl^!tf

rcs:!jt"'ne.-0_^tfe-

^f-wi'.hdwwn) it would revive 0 '^'. the velocity so imparted, a sort secondary :loL' c. help

I.ct us now endeavor, b/

'hese pi inciples to invesiiga ,, feels oV. certain fofee ol Horizontal railway. vSince Je

a given body is a

taUt

and

luantity, the power employe elling the machine may

ently divided into two .),'^K,?sJie ft-c )alance the retarding a\vbic-1 ion, the otb'sr to urge it roi vvni )fcourse constitutes the orce. Lot us then suppose tnaw ''traction equal to 250 pouo

'jdied on a railway, to,a wagon

j}_