The Western Register and Terre-Haute advertiser, Volume 4, Number 11, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 2 June 1827 — Page 2

*.r riiVeay and thirty times as greaf on a canal, as on a well made road Tet a railway costs only about thre^ 'times as much as a good turnpike road tand a canal about nine or ten times. *nnd the expense of keeping the railway .nd canal in repair is probably less 11 proportion to the original outlay, than •4in the case of a road.

It is obvious then, that were railways to come into general use, two thirds 01 more of the expense of the transportation wou^d be saved- Agaili, with regard to the comparative advantages ol canals and railways so far as the pres ent facts go, we may ^observe, that it horse power effects three timesasmuch on a canal as on. a railway^.tne cana costs about three times the sua* and will of course require nearly the same rates or duties, per ton to make. the capital yield the same interest. But. hers it is of great importance to recolleet-tnat this computation refers solely to a velocity of two miles an hour If the inction which impedes the motion of a cai or wagon, and the resistance which the water otfers to the progress of a ship were governed by the same laws, the same conclusions-would hold true, ever the velocity might be.^ But this is far from being the case

sently see.

Tt is deduced from tlie constitution ol lluidsj and confirmed by experiment, that the resistance which a floating body encounters iu its mo:ion through the fluid, is as the square of the velocity. Now taking as a basis, the known e. I feet of a force of traction of 100 pounes at two miles an hour, let us ascertain what force would move the same too I at a greater, velocity. On a canal or arm of the sea, we have seen, that a body weighing 90,000 is impelled at the a rate of two miles an hour by a force of 150 pound.-: or a force o** 100 pounds

Hill nicvc a weight of 60,000 pounds at ihe same rate. Therefore i-j nuve the same weight 4* #uV, -.At 4 miles an hour will require 400 lbs 6 do. do. t*V» 9 00 do. do.,"5 do. 1.600 do do do. 2,600 do. f" ()n CO

vVE118ELY—

-100 lb3 move* 0,000 lbs at'2 mi's, an b.

-or"" 15.000 do. 4 do. .,-or 6 600 do 6 do. 'or 3/H0 do 8* ^do* rr 1,665 do. 12 ido,.^ lt Hence we see, that when we have to contend with the resistance of water, a .great increase of power produces bit a small increase of velocity. To make a ship sail three times faster, for instance we must employ nine times tlx* power I and to n- -'te her sail six times faster, we 7 must jy no Ifss than thirty-six times the power Let us suppose, for '-example, tUnt it will be required to de ^termine, ifOuce one horse draws a boat ^loaded with fiO-ions at two miles an *lh.»ur, ho-.v Biiny horse?, will draw the

same boai at four miles an hour? YS *fi,id first, that since the boatis to move t.. Ice as ftet, it would require fou* ^ti yes the absolute amount of power, or ^600 lbs but .the horse moving at four miles, palls only with a force of 9 lbs '4 Of course it would require six hordes to Revert a power of 600 lbs and move the boat at the rate proposed^ a\ [-TO BE CONCI.LDCP.J

aiW I®

4 1 1 *STnAM KOATS. ^'"^The weiiern country vvii! be im-•s-iiihcrfidl/luUfcbted to this species ot waconveyance for her future prosper* „".»ty W have copied accounts of the as rent of a numb' ol steam boats up the "Wabash tnis spi ing They-saem to as-

ceiid with (mo-.- as far- as Lafayette 3 his c:rcu'nctance will coi.duce much a to the ftdvant'-isjc of that fine anil ex•teiasive poriion of our State which •mow setiiii with peculiar rapidity, and *\\hich is-capable of supporting a-dense population, liut these vessels, are pen)eti.iting iiito almost every -river of the wr-st, and dibpensing their bejcuifit.s ^tliroughout the vast extent of the Mississippi valley We lately noticed that •%a steam boat had usceruledthe AJlegha--i»y for tlie first time, a comideruble dis tit-ice, fti.dthat there was no doubt it iicoidd be navigated much further. On -owe of tie fiiiiall rivers of the state of tM ississippi a first essay has been made spung, witU complete §ucjCfcSS.

Wc may hear of the steam boat upon -all tke immense branches of the "Va--r^her of river now stemming the turbid current of the Missouri—alien, p?n otrating the very mountains oi Tennessee: now Ktartling the savage on the banks of .lied river, uud again, ascen dmg the placid La belle r.viere," or brtiistiiJ* the very surges of St Anthony. There is something grand in conlemplation of the.boundless scenery of the ^st—something pleasi^g-in the idf a-tlwt it is rapi lly becoming the abode ci freemen—and .sopc&i^ romance th. quickness and facility of ter•rs#», by pieans ol tlie '-team boats^ tiv^eu ihe 1 rrnolest setl.ements •^neUisUtmoibpat hiached upon

(he western waters, was butU at Pit*urg, in 1811. The following shor xtract is from an excellent little work 'Cincinnati- in 1826."

The whole -number of steam boats, vhich have navigated-the western wa ers, since their first production, 235. A very small number vvere built at New-fork and P-hiladel jjhia —the rest were launched upon the !vater&of the Ohio.'

The following table will shew the uumber&uilt in each successive jear, rom the-constfiuctian of the first in 1 1 2 3 •7 25

1811, 1814, 1815, 18*6,

181£

18 l&f 1819, 34

we shall pre

illustrating this point it

•will be convenient, instead ot estimating the effects by the variable..measure

a horse power,,to rehrto a de

terminate and

constant

force ot traction

of a given amount. We shall thereloiP assume that the body to be moved is urgrd forward by a force exactly equivalent to a weight of 100 pounds suspended over a* pullv at the en,d„ oj. a plain 0:1 v. hich it moves is an W a

Of the whole number of steamboats built in the west, 90 have .teen lost or destroyed in the following manner, viz: 28.struc!c on snags 6 were burnt 1 stove by the ice 1 sunk by another boat ami the remainded-worn out ft1 There are now 143 steam-boats, carrying abont'24,000 tons, running upon the western waters: of these, 48 were built at. Cincinnati, at ittsbur^- 10 at New'Albany r'Jcat Marietta 5 4 at Hew York nncl the residue at various points 011 the UI110, the engines for wnioh uenrly Uil been furnished by C^iucinnati^ aud Pittsburjr."

From the Sciota Gazette

A HINT TO FARMERS./-, Scarcely a day passes over our heads hut we hear our farmers complaining of their poverty

We can get no mo

ney we can get little or nothing lor our pot or Hour and what is one to do in those times r" ^uch is the general complaint and hai been jor "several ye'irspast. it is true that money is very Rcarce and produce of almost every descrip tion commands but a very reduced price and it has become a question ol very considerable moment to our agricu turalist3,how this evil is to be met, or remedied —The complaining of hard times _w.ilL.Dot .bring relief is 4 1" 7%-.tin. clear.

production, and the

'air

In 1820, 1821, 82V' 1823,'' 1824, 1825,^ 1826,

I propose to consider this subject very brirflv, and to suggest some few things which, if adopted, will prove to be of no small practical utility to the farmer.

When a physician is called to pre scribe a remedy for a disease, his first enquiry is into the cause that has pro duced the disease.— I'lii* preliminary irquiry is equally pertinent in all annalogous cases. \Ve should, theretore, in the first place, the question, what has been the producing cause ol the great change which has taken place, in the agricultural .prosperity ol our country The answer is at hand it is known to all—It is a change from a state offwarj to a state of peace, throughout the civilized world Millions 0! ihle bodied men have been disbanded frum all devouring armies have laid aside, the habiliments of nrar and returned to the peaceful calture ol the toil. Those articles of consumption with which we had long been in the habit of furnishing them, at a price far above their ordinary or real value,they now raitie th^maolves froiu their own soils and ot this certainly we ought not to complain. A state of peace is the natural as well as the most desira ble state 0! society. rThen it is that the real value ef things is ascertained and the price and value of an article Dromes nearly one and the same thing.

Accordingly, as the natural state of society is more or less disturbed by accidental causc3, in that proportion docs the price of things vary from their real or intrinsic value. Wc all, however, calculate erroneously, when we ca'culate .upon a per-manent state ot things. 'The great error of our farmers consists in this that they have looked upon a state of way, instead of peace, as the natural state of society and have calculated upon its permanency, and have long been,-'and still artvwaitir.g-lor its return. A disturbed state of things had existed so long previously to tlie, general peace, that our farmers had. got to conclude, tliaf those ^particular -branches of agriculture, ih which they were then employed and fouud lucrative, .were the only branches by which any thing was to be made. tThrough the influence of this error or the force oi habit, or of both icombincd, they have continued on, in the old way of raising large quautitie# of surplus produce, tor .which the demand has lung sincc ceasdd, both at home and abroad. And if they continue on in this way, they will have still greater reason to complain,of lnird time*.

The trilth is, the pursuits Of agriculture must vary with the times or, in other words, must be adapted to the existing M'ant$, of society. ,lt kin vain to attempt to force things. A forced trade, or a forced commerce, is almost uniformly att«nded with a ruinous reaction —Can any thing be mort clear then, than the truth jrf the pro position, that the farmer, when he finds, as all our farmers have, by lonp experience, that his pork and his flour .'o iu?t bring him a fair price, he should turn his attention to the production ol something else that ^rill command 4 tail ^nce ISo article can be said to brinj fair pi ice when the aiuount realize' or it}4k4K« not pay «boih for the labor

of.f ti

noney invested in the soil on which ?, wown. This toe is

»ery

ev.dent.

Will it be said that there is no arti--I. to the raising of which the farmer •In turn his attention, that

wil' b"n=

price? It can, it is hut an ac idental state of things, which certaincannot last lonK. For the present '•vc will admit such to be the lac toes it follow, that the farmer :s justiied in continuing on in hn old way lining a large quantitv of pork. and vheavwl.en he must dispose of it. a, all complain tliev have to do, at a sa critice, or at a price much below is real value CerWmly not. I he verse df this is the truth. tor the same reason that forbids the farmer to enter upon any new branch of busba«diy. whifch he knov/s would be onproductive, equally applies t» discourage him from raising pork and wheat beyond his own wants. 13oth the one and the other, it is manifest, must prove a uad business to the farmer—littie if any uetter than doing nothing. What is the faimer to do in this unpropitious state of things I would say to him improve your farm—plant out a good of chard, which every farmer ought to do, raise the woul and flax necessary clothe your family, and et you wife 0 dau«hter34D£uufacture thein—clear ou

send

your buildings Hut it is not true, that the»e is no article that the fanner can raise that will command a fair price. Good hors es, whether calculated for the harne*1 or the saddle, Mules, Cattle, Hemp and Wool, are articles which have uni forinly, ever since the peace, as we] as before it, borne a fair price. Ou soil is well adapted to their production

your farm, and repair your fences and the. most powerful Cath6lics in

19 uuu^iv« mat we are iu I'hey are articles too that at all times

Mr* RUFUS KING died at New York, on Suday evening, the 29th ult in the 73d year of his age. His h«s been a life of active usefulness to his country and tho' a warm partizan, h* has always yielded his exertions to tbe higher obligations of patriotism. I

j. .j i^b. Led. Under date of Springfield, (Illinois,) April 4, we have ao account of an un fortunate keel boat accident, by whiih Maj. JOHN M'KIBBON, and SON, (late from Pannsjlvania,) were drown ed. I lis wile and the remainder of his family, narrowly cscaped the same untimely end.

,r 11

The Post Master* General has very properly instructed his d-puties to char-'C the excess 'ipon franked packa "es of greater weight than the law au?hor izes. as it has been discovered tha' many articles, such as, cuttings of the %rape vincyfrtiit trtes, &c, are sent in the maii.

Jcip Post Master! have sometimes found the mail vastly convenient as a vehicle for complimenting each other, or their friends, with things strange and rare, if it were not for the irregularity of "telling tales eut of school," we could veritably affirm^ that on our opening the mail, several years since, the first package that rolled out was a half peck of potatoes nicely put up and sent by a Postmaster to his friend to dine upon, a little earlier in the season than this vegetable was generally to be had.— West dies. IUp. ,f fVm. H. Crawford,—We understand from an authentic source, that the health of Win. II. Crawford is almost entirely restored. fJHis residence is at Lexington,Georgia, at a short distance from Augusta. He rides out on horseback almost daily. IIis friends will no doubt hear this with pleasure." «A at' tlldv. *A mechanic of Exmouth, (ling.) has constructed a model of King oolomon's Temple, in shell work and minerals, containing 985 windows, 11 towers, 385 pinacles, 188 pillars, formed of 150,000 English shells The model is four feet ten inches in longth, aH three feet seven inbeeadth. 'Five young rocn v/ere to be executed in London, on the 20th March.

Their ounces were rape, sheep stealing, secreting a letter containing 151. stealing of plate, and burglary.

The,Parris

winiirtntiil rntih if »nv thin? will All a* J- tJ.Q raft hi' I'jiT. command cash it any thing will All these facts are generally, known, vet few reflect .upon them and still fewer resolve to adopt an expedient whvc'4 it is manifest to the good 6cnse of every man cauuot fail.

A Friend 1o Agriculture.

Quotidieunc affirms that

the news from Gallacia, received at Madrid, i*favorable to the Portuguese rebels and the Constitationel

tinued in Spain with much activity.

ne same quarter of vear. The French Chamber of Deputieh tdopted the law against tffe liberty of he press by a vote ot i33 to 134. 1 lit iecision says the Constitutionel, will .over Fiance with nuui'umg. The law

rvuv:i» says be owing to any diminution of her po that the preparations for war are con- pulatior. occasioned by these emigra .• L? 1 iU mm ii A!\ n/tf i«i«t ii a! MM 1* ...! II Ka IMvm A jna 1 I uaa lions it will be from tho partial, sec*

The papers intimate that the mijori- tarian,oras Hamilton called it clanish A a a a

tt of Parliament are opposed to the apnointmentof Mr. Canning .as the sue- political leaders jealoue and envious of 1 1 1 ^1 t.„ th» nrvd Smith. Tl\i« finirit is in ce«sor of Lord Liverpool, and that he will not act in hia present capacity un

der any other Premier. Important it always works by means life itself chances in the Uritiah Cabinet were Us natural tendency is to excite and thereforeexpected. and provoke a counteracting spirit of

The reveiHie had f«llei» off the last the same character and it has actualquarter, about 500,000/. compared with ly produced that effect in our country the preceeding It has combined the Southern Wes tern parts of the United States, not ii| a league, but in a concert of political views adverse to these of New Eng land* ihe.fameof all the gteat Legis mors of antiquity is found upon their contrivances to strengthen and multi-

-1

has yet to be considered to the Howe

Tl"rj'ourr.al JeJ Debits sars, thai it is no longer doohtfal that .mportao negotiations have been commenced Consta ntinople/or the

that the Infant

peciScation ol

Greece. ...^ The Quotidienne assures positively.

Minfnatl'"taf"

nected very soon in Pans, and that a ter a short stay,he will proceed to Mad-

The Spanish army of Observation, it is said, has fallen back the frontier of Portugal.

a little from

Reports were again on foot, tnat preparations were going on in fepam to

out an expedition to Cuba, to give that Island complete protection. Catholic question.—The news of the loss of the Catholic Question in the House of Commons, has inspired the Catholics with fresh courage, and has called upon them for reuewed etrurt*, which they appear to be ready to make with untiretl and persevering energy. In Ireland, as might have been expected the news has excited feelings 01 re"ret, and perhaps of indignation, and "various plans have been propoged, in order to keep the public attention ai xiously fixed on

the

question Among

other .measures said to be in agitation.

it has been proposed to send a deputa-

Ireland to England, in order to obtain a personal interview ,with the K-ing» and to implore His Majesty to grant his powerful aid to the Catholic cause.

In Eugland a meeting ot Catholics has been held in London* at which his Grace the Duke of Norfolk.prcided. On thai occasion, a resolution was passed, of which the following is a copy

That we are in no way disheai ten-

late defeat: (if a minority

of four in a.division of 548 can be la:r ly so designated that while we acknowledge with gratitude, the supporl which our rightful claims have received, for many yoars, from the Commons House of Parliament, we owe it to ourselves, to tbe memory of our forefathers, to our posterity, and to all who value the rights ol Englishmen, or who, like ourselves, are subjected by law to penalties or privations f»r religious opinions, never to desist from the prosecution of our claims to all the beiiefits of the Constitution} till success have crowned our efforts/'

Tlie folio win" extract of a letter written by the present Chief Magistrate while Minister at the Court of Kustia, to Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, in Cambridge, dated in October, 1823, has been published in the Boston Patriot transfer it to our columns, as contain* a just rebuke, not in term? indeed, but in its whole tenor, on the unworthy efiT.nts which have been made to alienate from him the gnod feelings of the South and tlie West, on the ground of hi^ Eastern origin, and sup pused eastern projudices The liberal spirit in which this letter ic written cannot but be acceptable to the reflecting citizens of all sections of the Union tu all those who cau extend the circle of their affections beyond tlie boundaries of their immediate vicinity, so as to embrace the whole Union.

Mtt Juur.

\n Extract of a leUer written by the t.Hon. John Quince Jldams, while Minister at the Court of Kussia, to l)r, Benjamin Waterhouse, in Cambridge, uated •tit. Petersburg* ZAth'Octobert 1813. [IO™ 'I'be Dr had mentioned the vast emigrations from New-England to the Western Territories, about, and previously to the time of his writing to which portion of his letter, Mr. Adams replied as follows :~j

I ain not displeased to hear that Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Louisana, are rapidly peopling with Yankeys. I consider thein as an excellent race of People, and as far as 1 am able to judge, believe that their moral and political character, far from degenerating, improves by emigration I have always felt on that account a sort of predilection for those rising Western States and have seen with no small astonishment, the prejudice harbored against them by theNcw England junto federalists. There is uot upon this globe of Earth, a spectacle exhibited by man, so interesting to my mind, or so consolatory to my heart, as this metamorphosis of howling deaerts into cultivated fields -and populous villages, which is yearly, daily, hourly going on by the hands, chieily of New England men, in our Western States and Territories.

"If New England looses her influence the Councils of the Union, it will not

.nanrLV AI (lilt*

pirit, which makes so uaany of our

he West and South. Tlvia spirit is in ts nature narrow and contracted: and

pTy the principal societv ^"•'LegiLtoi'4^ light in multipljij principles of repo!sicr

FrM the Louisiana J}dv,lv

Some years have e!ap3ej" waters of this state have bV ed by vermin of

thanks to the vigilance ami, the office,9 ot the Custom particularly of the

cora

Revenue Cutter, Captain JJt(' Or, bumlay last, the

5chr

Captain Lyme, from Tamrceedin- up to town throng

est 1

ass, was hailed f,,J

with orders to heave (0. ca

:«.g

a large amount of sppciel* unirliMta n.1*

0!i1l

I O

suspicious ol the stranger's peremptorily reiused

Cta

kept on his way. The sloop hot fire of musketry upon hi' distance of GO or 40 vartls, distance between the two've creased, added occasioniy of grape and cannister. r. manfully seized tlie helm, a

crew and passengers wentU continued on his course. Aftebeen -chased in this manner hours, tho sloop grounded,andt Pi. reached the main stream' Mississippi in safety inflttr the hope that he mi^ht meet Revenue Cutter at the Bil^, ceedcc thither, and luckily Captain Stark, of the Steam^ Boy, in the singular combinj fortunate eircumstanccs, hap' ikewise to be there, handioiii unteered to tow the cutter he spot where it was presuv sloop wa9 lying- When the came up with her, she hail been and wio at anchor in the mitidi stream. She was wiunediatelv el and taken possession of wit. distance, having on board upw: twenty men. All the threeves* Cutter, her prize and the Isabel i, up to town yesterday, tile two. towed by the Post Bo v. The: tjie aloop were lodged in pri« evening. She proves tobeth ar, with a na'ional commissi: the Republic of Cjolvwnbia. fi, (ain has been in New-Orleans: vicinity for some ten days past the outrage waa comraitteil under the command cf the a-? tenant, uho appears to liavebt-i prised of the nature of Isabel go, and eagerly iuteut on p!u., it, for after his vessel .grounded^ mediately despatched his boat iuit, with 15 men, well armed orders to pursue the.Isabella as the river as Fort Jacksoo. These in the boat were also capturedb •Cutter on her return down t-e The whole number taken eiceeli

This §a ne sloop some ume captured the American school? toiuette, with a valuable cargo, passage from Mobile to ti*a'. ceeded with the priie til* tin' port, where the lieutenant 'the being then at Mobile) made action to the convinces to ran: cargo—which proposition \easre and boath vessels returned to the of the United Stales,and both# company when the sloop cosher persuit of the Isabellather learn that the Antoiutt.e bahly now lying off tlie 1jI*' sitssion ol the prize crev/

We congratulate the pub..^ seizure of this vessel at the comment of a contemplated plunder and robbery. 10

tuf

pidity and adroitneis^f Capt this fortunate evetitisinagrw*ul to he attributed—as, hai he w»ejmuninoiH to heave to, or ha i'. e«l craven in the chase, thrua* tinued shower of musketry, with her valuable cargo must !iav captured, and the plundered have made their escape-* noi Jackson without his claims for the promptitude with wlnwaued and boarded the lioli*^**

J\ om the /l«filo-hnrnf. The means used-to stir up ings of the inhabitants again» bill in Canada, wear a Porlc,a' 'j Appeals to reason on a 1' right, however momentous, them nothing toulann. j.t course is had to the passionprejudices, the early iinl»re which are connccted the hie-• lections of the proudest ai themes, are enlisted iu sup^-^ in the abstract is ri^ht, tue overwhelming.

The effect of the new receive the royal assent, \w franchise a large portion tion of the province

the people of British Awcrita. tion is thus broadly ^ateU Let us snppose that Americans shall be dnV*J\

fuse

next election, because tuey reserved law terrible

assuredly occur, the

called to aid the civil be slied and that bln $ washed off this combat *hall decide the ^^ert er might in Amenci

Thci

Tr&j!fijmtnes

nry bear us out nings": rt] Counterfeit ft*) branch bar.li at iatioa. -.