Weekly Republican, Volume 57, Number 35, Plymouth, Marshall County, 31 August 1911 — Page 7

The Plymouth

5 Horse-potver $100 00, complete with bat'etiee, spark coil, spark plug, water tank and m III r. $1 10.00 equipped with "Wico" Igniter. Something new, no batteries, no coils, cc switch. Guaranteed for five years. Every E- gine mounted on skids, any size pulley you may wish. Engine material and workmanship guaranteed for one year. Forged steel crank?, bronze connecting rods," Monarch" carburetor Republic" oiler. Everything the best that money can buy. ' Pump Jacke, Shafting. Hangers, Boxfs, Pulleys, Saw Arbors, Etc. First cla8 Ms chine Shop, Job Work and Foundry. Clizbe Bros. Mfg. Company Plymouth Inniana

BUSINESS CARDS

J. A. MOLTER Moiitv to loan on Parana specialty Plymouth, Indiana Q. F. HITCHCOCK, DE1NTS5T All i ill of Denial work suco Crowed -m B: .e wort. Plates aua JiLMim oi au ßca. Offiue orer MrhH Co. Trut Stid Co u' N, B. ASPINALL Faysician ana surgeon 303 N. Michigan Stre ' PLYMOUTH, - - INDIANA Surgeon to the Pennivlvania, Vandaha and Lake Shore Railroads. Da P M. Brmtm Us. c W. Rvkki DENTISTS Office bottrs 8:30 a. m. to 12 m. 1 p. m. to 5 ? m. Rooms in Burkett Building PLYMOUTH INDIANA. All t Fall asl Winter Goods have arrived, with All the Latest Styles. An Early Call will be to Your Advantage. BERGMAN, the TAILOR MÄRINELLO PARLORS 124 E. Washington St. TREATMENTS OF SCALP, PIMPLES, MOLES. WARTS, ACNE, rACIALS, SHAMPOOING. HAIR DRESSING, MANICURING, ELECTROLYSIS CHIROPODY TtlRS. M. T. LAWRENCE TELEPMONF 4222 HOURS 1 to 5:30 P.M. 7 O 8:30 P.M. TELEPHONE Offce 402 Residence GO DR. H. P. PRESTON FSOAJi no e::kj Soedai Attention wlitn to DUeaaet of be Etc. Ear. Note xd Tbroat GIbimv fitted. Of ICE: OVER BALL A CO. - PLYMOUTH rinn Eifts cn CLAS5 THEN REMEMBER that a pair of glasses furnidhed by zu means much to yon in comfort, convenience and econsmy. Xie fit the most diGcult capes. Ve can dnpiicate any glass. We plesss in qualty and price?, end guarantee a correct fit. . Escrr.Inctlcn Free. i 2. EE. R. WOOD v. CzzZ'zzl Eyet:;-t Zztz'.zll. CZzi crz7 Orcmjcr d 'Ar I: Ks CC2..

Gas Engine.

(-:---S

HOME TALENT AT ORPHEUM Pnpils of Cora Belle Himes Give Pleasing Entertainment Consisting of Recitations, etc. ; t The liome talent at tlie Orpheum Friilay night was fine, although it might I. ae been even better had ere been a larger audience. As it was only (7 tickets were sold. Those who for reasons of their own stayed away missed something really good in the line of amateur work. Those who took part .were the pumls of Mi Cora Helle Hirnes, the Elkhart elocution t earlier; wTio has been yi.iiiiT lessons here this summer and vn has or.rani7ed a very good class of young people for that work. Following is the program: Music Tr.t Tommv . t Kls:e Harris Son" and Pantonine ... Violet Singrey, Doris Tomlinson, Mary Fralev, Josephine Johnson. F.lsie Harris Making Him Feel at Hoie . . . '. Josephine Johnson Music Classic CJrouping Music Nellie's Two Mits Mary Fralev MllS'C "A Plind Man's Attachment'. . oO Minute Fa-ce Mand Mark. TW? Tomlinson. Rose Matthew. Violet Singrey. Iota MeCormick YOUR GREATEST OPPORTUNITY A dollar Invested "in good real 'estate never on a strike. Tt remains on the job and never 'alters, even in the time of panics. Tt will treat von squarely in all its earninsrs. and it won't desert yon in old are. ORT YOr . A HOME AMONTl TIIK OTAVHE PLOSSOMS AND nAPEFRITTT OHOVES AND AVIft?f YOTT CAV EAT STRAWTEPRTEc; AND TEND RR VEOET ARLES TN JANT'ARV. FEBRUARY AND MARCH. and where you ofin fh. innf'arl be o"t of doors as r-fu inen,Vd man should do. the veur around, and be more healthful and comfortable. These are but a few of the things -a n offer vom in our colonv at WTNTER HAVEN. FLORIDA. Pur-el-jie nni'p.r the MONEY PACK OUARANTEE, that onr prtpertyis ns roo as represented, or we will refund j-our monev. besides payins -onr fare' there, and 0 per rent interest on yonr nioney for the, time we have held it. Wt tMs fair? , "Ye will be plead to b'ln vou "t a otta in onr WINTER HA VEN OT ONY for so small a parment 1.00 per acre down and only ONE DOTjT ARper acre4 ivr month and en ten acres oWeloned in CRAPE FRTJTT or ORANCES will malceyou worth 10.000 and will pav Vou 20 peri cent v interest on this amount yearly. Ask rs for further particulars. J. P. Powell & Co. d28 wm Runs Nail in Head. x nien, the little son of Guy Ames, while playinjr with his dos Sunday, in some way fell on a board and ran si laree nail into his head. The wound bled profusely but was cared for by the doctor. Although the injury may possibly prove rather serious, the lad is better today. The best Sale Pills are printed at the Republican odce.

County Gorrespandence

TEEGARDEN. Mrs. E unioe Clark of Bouth Bend visited in town, over Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Davis attended camp meeting in Ohio last week. Floyd Lehman of Xappanee spent Sunday at home with his parents. C. A. Lemert and family went to Michigan City in the auto Sunday. LAPAZ. Jefferson Nichols. Samuel Davenport, Gideon Logan and Noble Rover were in Plymouth Wednesday. Wm. Hildebrand and wife. C. D. Hildebrand and family and J. W. Hildebrand and Dora Kaiser attended the Hildebrand reunion near South Bend "Wednesday. The sheriff from Warsaw was in this vicinity a few days ago looking for stolen property. A negro led them to a thicket t.i the Cfine farm east of Lapaz where a fine fur overcoat was recovered. The officers wen? also looking for a Winchester shot 2:1m which was -hidden under a school house in North township. TWIN LAKES. Ruth Nichols returned from Plymouth Sunday evening after sr ending a few days with Rnth Frank. Mr.and Mrs. Hiram Wise of Decatur, 111., spent a few days last week with Chas. Kyser and family. Mr and Mrs. Henry Class spent Sunday with Lewis Pero and familv Alpha VanCamp and Salena Shatford of Plymouth were the guests over Sunday of Mr. and Mrs. Chester Shatford. Oral TCreighbanm and Chas. Freeee of South Pend spent . Sunday here. Mrs. Taae Mvers spent Thursday in South Pend and Niles. Mich. The Wieirins Prothers, wTio have been canpinsr at the lake for a few fi left Saturday for their homes "n T e"anon. Tnd., expressing their rerref rt bavin? to leave so soon. Miss Diet? of Chicago snent Sundav and Monday the guest of the Dotv family. NORTH TOWNSHIP. Miss Dora Kaiser went to Plymouth this week to attend Teachers' Institute. Ina Farver and Mrs. Louisa Shetland and George Sherland visited nith John Shidaker's near Inwood Sunday. The work on the new conl shoot eat cf Larar is progressing rapidly. I avina Kaiser is improving slowly but it is uncertain when she can retarn home. Chas. Miller and wife and J. W. Farver and familv visited with Al bert Fergusoi's sout'i of TynerSun day. Calvin Kimble and Saturday at South Pend attending a familv reunion. Lewis Kimble and family pnent Saturday and Sunday with friends in South Pend. Mina McCullough virited with her sister. Mrs. Edward Kaufman last Monday. . 1 Wm. Wliiteman of South Pnd visited with his father, Henry Whit emrw Sundav. Wm. Petcher of Prem'en is making n-short visit with friends in this vicinity this week. The sumrise pnrtv on Glenn Farver last Friday night was well attended and all seemed to er'ov themselves. It was on the occasion of his sixteenth birthday. STRINGS. The dance at E. R. TT'omas Satur0 day nio-bt was a success and all report a fine time. Ed Sommers of Chica1' is visitin? his cousin. John Mueller. . John Mueller is lowering his back vnrd and putting the dirt in his field. Willis-" TTa"1 yho "has boen working on the mint farm by Mishawaka is helping his father make hav. Miss Emma Darson of Chicago is risitin br fri0"'". Miss Minnie Beckman in this vicinity. Mrs. W. S. Peters of Knox is visiting her mother. Mrs. Letitia Henderson of this locatitv. Wm. Peeber of this vicinitv toolc some aprdes to the cider mill at Plvmoutb and brought hack some cider and now for a "high old time" at bis house. Miss Fthel Trader visited with Mrs. William Rodamer of Easle Lake Sunday. . Ezra Thon a Plymouth visitor Thursday of last week. Wm. Peer made a business trip to Knox lat week. Albert Pike, and John Ha?le took in the show at Plymouth last Thursday. Vera Pollman and Noah Pickel are making the hay on John -Mueller's farm. Mr. and Mrs. Laban Capron went to Pulaski countv on a visit. El7ie Trader and Cornelius Hale called on narper Sickler of nearj Purr Oak Friday nirht the eve ning was spent in singing songs, plaving music and eating . water melon. , A numWr of people of. this loca'ity attended the funeral of Rev. A. J. Ferrel at the Salem church on the countv line. A larce crowd was

in attendance and the lioucajtr ?jr

large enough to hold all present.

Rev. Ferret was born in Randolph county, Ind., Dec. 1."), 1S53 and moved to Starke county in 187G where he has resided until death . called him away. He died Au?.' 20 at 5 o'clock in the evening learing a widow and six children, four brothers one sister and a host of friends to mourn his death. A number of the onion raisers of this vicinity met the special train at Knox, Ind.. last Wednesday and 'received a good lecture on the onion crop. THOUBLE WITH CHECKS. Money Orders Of Heinz Company Cause Delay On Account of Their Peculiarity. Some trouble, delay -and inconveniences is beinsr C:iuse1 1 y the TTein?; company's produce checks which are being handled by merchants and bankers. Owinr to the peculiar form and wording. of these checks they must be endorsed on the front instead of on the back, as is always the ce with other checks. A merchant in a nearby twn rereived several such checks, and being in Plymouth before the banks opened, and wishing to return home before they would open, he took the Heinz checks to one of our rroeers, who readily cashed them for him. Later in the day the grocer went to deposit the checks in the bank, but the bank refused them on the ground that they were not endorsed in the proner nlace. It became necessarv for our rrocer to return the checks to the out-of-town merchant for pron?r endorsement by the orginal bolder before he can get his money back. Just the day before another per--on met w;th the same experience, but was able to correct the mistake riti.out iob inconvenience. trh w 1k handle Hein checks should look i "leedle ;dt.' IN HOT WEATHER. How Infants Should Be Cared For Kedical Journal Gives Valuable Information. A lirge part-of the sickness among infants in hot weather is due to insuHieient cooling of the living animal body. Doctor Henry D. ' Chapin of New York, in a leading articles in a recent number of The, Journal othe -American Medical Association, Vml I 'i'.'Mn iiif luiiHiruinrc oi c.i I ..I.-. -: ii.. - - ! t . i iresu air lor liuants mring tnesm ner months. He savs. 'Tm:iirin an infant on a hot day lying in a crib surrounded by curtains. Air movement is stopped, and the atmosphere around the infant become.? so saturated with water vapor from Mhe evaporated perspiration that no more can evaporate, with the result that the infant's cooling system breaks down and vomiting and diarrhea may ensue. As long as the air is not saturated with vapor, but is in motion, it is perfectly feasible to le cool and comfortable. If the air is dry or is in motion, it is capable of vaporizing perspirat'on,-lut when an infant is subject to .conditions which render it unable to lilvrate its heat properlv. trouble invariably follows. The bes; treatment in such cas'es'is to stop all food temporarily. ive the infints a bath to remove heat, keep them quiet and provide them 'with plenty ofyfresh air." This emphasis on fresh air shall not le looked on as hobby. Insufficient air means incomplete eomTTustion. Air is as essential to the infant as food. Obituary. Carl -Warne, the infant son of Mr. and Mrs. William Yazel. was born July 21, 1911, and departed this life Aug. 21. 1911. aged 1 year and 1 month. Carl was a bright and cheerful child and was loved bv all who knew him. He leaves a father, mother, two brothers and a sister and a host of other relatives' and friends to mourn their loss. . The funeral was held Wednesday afternoon at the home at 2:30, services being conducted bv Rev. J. F. Pressnall. Burial in Jacohy cemetery. .. . Takes tlorcomhe's Place. Mr. O. J. Rensberger of Peru came Saturday to accept the position of a-ent for the L. E. and W. ,R. R. which was recentlv left vacant by the promotion of Charles Morcombe. Mr. W. E. Dimmitt who has. filled fhe place temporarily will resume bis old position as teleirraph operator, which is more suited to him. TIiä t öxv m n ry line hoAn ornnlArn i. u-.t -n-- -i - -..1 i ''.f iiir r.ritr iu;iu 101 uiiuiuvr of vears and comes verv biThly recommended. ' He has been a member of "4 he Pern band for eleven years and will no doubt be asked to play in the band here. J The hest Sale Pills are printed at

Jf k T? vi ; - -r,

OF DR. BORTON HELD S UNDAY IMPRESSIVE SERVICE AT THE RESIDENCE BY REV. MR. LOGAN---MANY PRESENT FROM DISTANCE. FINE OBITUARY READ History of Notable Life Beautifully Portrayed In Account Written By Mrs. Hume. Impressive indeed was the funeral service of Dr. Borton held Sunday forenoon at 10:30 o'clock at the residence. The Rev. Mr. Logan, pastor of the Presbyterian church, had charge and all was appropriate and excellent. A noticeable feature was the absence of any music. Many of those who loved and honored Dr. Borton were present to show their last acts of appreciation for his good life. From a distance were Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Erwin and son Lewis, Mr. and Mrs. Robt. Erwin, Dr. and Mrs. L. Johnson and Miss Lon Borton, all of Bourbon; Bert Petitt, Dr. L. A. Worch, Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Morgan of Ft. Wayne: A. Lawson Baxter, Miss Margaret Kelley, and H. T. Swegerman, representing the Pennsylvania Railway Co., all of Chicago; Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Crawford of Logansport, Frank Bailey of South Bend, Carey Sheldon of Ashtabula, O., Frank Cutler of Laporte, Mrs. Martha Miller of Willmette, Ill., and T. E. Borton of Cleveland, 0. The pall bearers who bore the remains out and laid them at the grave in Oak Hill were Drs. Gould and McCracken of Argos, Kaszer, Knott, Stephens and Holzendorff of this city. The following beautiful obituary, prepared by Mrs. A. C. Hume, was read bv Rev. Mr. Logan: Thomas Artemas Borton was born in Marlboro, Stark Co., O. on Dec. 16, 1831, and died in Plymouth, Ind., Aug. 25, 1911. His father and mother were of a hardy pioneer race. To their children fell an inheritance of integrity and courage that fitted them to win against the hardships and necessary self-denial of frontier life. The father's death in early manhood brought and added seriousness and gravity into all their experiences. Dr. Borton, as became to be and as he is familiarly known to us, shared fully in the farm work as he grew up, taught winter schools, and also learned the trade of brick maker in which he excelled. His ambition led toward the study of medicine in which he persevered. His preparation was made with that thoroughness that characterised all his undertakings. He studied with Dr. Day of Limaville, 0. and then in Starling College, Columbus, from which he graduated. He and his older brother, Amos O., were closely related in these years, the latter prearing himself for dentistry, and perfecting his apprenticeship a year or more in advance of the doctor. With youthful enterprise, A. O. "went west" as far as Plymouth, Ind. coming over the Lake Shore R. R. to Laporte then down on the branch line to Plymouth, where he opened an office and made a beginning. The doctor's schooling finished, the dentist returned to Ohio, where, in Atwater township, Portage county, both were married on one day, Oct. 28, 1858: A. O. to Mary Cooper, T. A. to Jennie Green. They at once returned, making the journey over the Penn. R. R., that road just having heen completed to this point, and established a home together. They were also partners in business for many years. This genial quartet were very real figures in Plymouth society. They came with youth and buoyant spirits, and were a welcome addition to a circle now so broken that only a remnant remains. Dr. Borton entered at once into a singularly successful practice. In town and country, in highways and byways, he answered the calls that multiplied with the years. Now, after almost 53 years, it would be difficult to count the number to whom he has brought comfort and help. Old settlors will recall the scourges of spotted fever, of diptheria, or of small pox. Others will think of the stirring events of the war and the experiences lived in them. Others will say, "He was with us when our children were born or when they died." A numerous company of men will bless his memory in that he helped them to a restored manhood. He will be

FUNERAL

view.. In 1874 he, with his wife united with the Presbyterian church, contributing to it the full measure of their influence. They sorrowed in the burning of the old church, and sacrificed in the building of the new. As a citizen and patriot, the doctor devoted to the progress of this town, its civic relations and its schools. But why try to review that, which, like a moving picture

passes in the memory of all wht hear these words? One of the bravest things to record is the cheerful face he turned to life since 1895, when she. who had shared all with sue'1, peculiar sympathy, went home to wait his coming. Instead of shrinking into inactivity, be multiplied his labors, so that his latest jears were really the crown of bis achievement. "His youth was innocent: his riper age Marked with some act of goodness every day. And watched by eyes that loved him. calm and saxe. Faded his late declining years awav. Meekly be gave bis being up. and went To share the holy rest that waits a life well spent." ATIVOOD FLYING OVER NEW YORK How Probably in Neighborhood Of Metronolis CDCrinO HinilT IT niOTlCTnil OILIIUO MlUni AI UHOILUUII Aviator Is Greeted by Enthusiastic Crowds All the Way from Fort Plain to His Stopping Place Near Albany.

New York, Aug. 24. Before the lecture to teachers institutes. Fol a folks of Fort Plain, who spent all number of years she has spent her night marchins? through the main summers at Valporaiso as assistant street cheering their visitor from the ' in the Primary Department of inskies, had had their sleep out Atwood j st ruction for teachers. Her work was up, and at ",:30 he was down on became so valuable and her knowlthe fiM where his machine had lain edge of the work so thorough and all night. j advanced that President Prown ofIle was off at 7:30 with the town fotvwi o,a t , - ru. ii a i teieu her the supenntendenev of folk waving farewell and be swims . ' , . . down over the haze cn th? Mohawk tIlc lre Parnt which sh valley bound for Castieton, niüe mi!e3 af-(,eP'pd. out of Albany. j Miss Haines work there will be Before he left Fort Pla'n he said with those studying to be teachers that he preferred landing at Govern- connected with the public schools, or's Island, where he could find clear ; She will be the supervisor of the

space tor nis descent into .New lorle. ramer man aiiempt to iana wnere cross currents from ocean winds might make things ticklish. Schenectady war the net town of any size to hear the whtrr of Atwood's notors. At $:45 crowds that blackened the housetops and the hill3 around that, city saw something Mack . f ii . j -. . i i.

.x. u i 1L .. . ... . quite olten. the .Mohawk, taw the black thing riso t ... , . , and tum hawklike and then rinpeC ! T,',e retCTet hich the out a cheer that Atwocd never hearrt. "oar releases Miss Ha me from her for he did not co ne nearer than half eontract here is expressed in the fola mile of the town. j lowing note from them: addressed to At weed wa3 then flying not more her: than a hundred fret above the river. Dear Miss Haines: Leaving the river course, he dipped rn c- t . ' .t . . . . . ' 11 , I lie school Trustees of the citvof above the huge plant of the General t,, ., , , Electric works while the thousand odd ' V""' ted urmn your resTgnaeraployes cheered f row the roof and I tlon tday. and reluctantly consent-

T indows, and then his plane grew dim and " finally disappeared toward the Hudson and Albany. It was 3:02 when Albanv first saw h:m Hying over the southern end of the city. He was making good time and was pointing straight for the Hudson. He did not step at the capital, but kept on for Castieton, nine miles farther on. He hung satove Castieton for a moment, then landed on the ball grounds. Atwood said that the air was just right for his flight from Fort Plain to Castieton, a distance of some seventy miles, which he covered at an average speed of a mile in two minutes. When Atwocd was through being worshipped he climbed into a motor and started off to Alharv to see aVout gasoline and the rontcrr.s with which he wants to eqaip hif Uulcne befor he starts down the FrcTscn for New York. The rontcons. len? r-tal cylinders which support ihr lir!?ne should it decide on a watery course are m?.ce of aluminum and one would be attached to each ti?e of the plsne They hold sixty cubic feet :f rir At wcod dirn't want to go cbn the Hud; sen uctil thv v. fre cn. 1 Atwocd Et?yr. In Carv for he night and left for Pout! i eepsJe at 5 o'clock this morning. If Ms plans work out New Ycrh ?hcr! see the! overland biplane arcur.d 6 o'clock tonight. :. DRYS RAID DRUG STORES . Large Quantity of Liqvor Is Emptied Into Gutter at Linton, Ind. Linton, Ind., Aug. 24. The people of this place voted to have a "dry" town and they celebrated their first real victory over the "wets" by raiding thiee drug stores, which had been closed by the arrest of the proprietors for running "blind tigers." Sixteen, hundred bottles of beer and one thousand half pint bottles of whisky were emptied Into the sewer. Two flfty.-galloa barrels of sin were also relieved of tlKir contents. It Is estimated that $3,000 worth of wet gocds had been confiscated here this year: Curtis Dittir.ore and Noah George, proprieUrs of drug stores, who were fined $50 each and sentenced to jail for thirty days, have made an agree' ment with the ofScials, including members of the state board of pharmacy, by which ths jail, sentences were suspended on condition that they would CO cut of business. ' One Drowned as-steamer Cinks. Memphis, Tenn., Aug. 24. s Mississippi packet Harry Iiee sank near Drandywine. 'All passengers and crew

ilISS HAINES

D OPTION IS CHOSEN AS THE HEAD OP THE PRIMARY DEPARTMENT OF VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY. TAUGHT HERE MRS. Plymouth School Board Reluctantly Accepts Resignation of Noted Teacher and Lecturer On Primary Methods. Miss ida m. Haines has resigned ,lier Psltlon a primary teacher ia the Webster building to accept th supenntendeney of the Primary De lrtrae.ni ot Valparaiso University. Ä A. i "T w v She will take up her work ther Sept. 19. For fifteen years Miss Haines hx taught in the primary work of tha Plymouth schools, and as the years went on her services became more and more valuable. She became an expert on primary methods of teaching and frequently was called to pvimarv work in1 tbe University. In addition to this Mis Haines will be nresident of the Y. t C. A. of the college. Miss Haines will keep her property in Plymouth and her people will continue to live here. She says that sh will be back to Plvmoutb. j "d to Tant von a rdase. T wainstructed, to sav that the board wishes von success in vour nnder- ( takings in the future and trusts von will at all times give to your constituents the eminent satisfaction von have in our hool. With highest personal regards. I am. Yours verv tmlv. Tj. M. Lauer. Secv. SPEND DAY AT CULVER. Young Ladies Sunday School Clasa cf Lapaz Have Fine Time at Lake. The Youncr Ladies' Sunday school class of Luther Chapel. Lapaz. had fine picnic atCulver Aus. 20th. The members present were: Miss Maud Haas, teacher, the Misses Stella. Ada and Yida Laudeman. Ora Rosa and Orpha Halt, Lena and Posa "VTregnnd; Asrnes Olahaurrh, Jennie Seltenriahtv Ada Waner. Yera Finney and other friends. The day was spent in visiting the Academy grounds, the park and other beautiful places about the lake and in boat riding. All enjoyed th military parade at one p. m. A delicious dinner wss also an important part of the day's enoyment. OlenCre&sner is at home for a ten 3 y .MAM&tAM TT n Vino O 1 1 0 liiA(?r John Shuttleworth of Terre Haute. who was his chum at Purdne . . mi i O-i. 1 L ni versa y. iney spen caiuniay afternoon -in attending the picnic at Lapaz. The first of the week the twoboys will leave on a week's trip through the Great Lakes to Puflato. They expect to have a great time. FPU TOMENj Dr. J. A. r.!cGi' Suppositories Are a famous remedy for all female diseases Cürirj Vcrrtra try a Cirapla fcr Ly c!l DrrLj rrjcz ci. co Ct3 oa your botns drc izi a 0'