Weekly Republican, Volume 57, Number 32, Plymouth, Marshall County, 10 August 1911 — Page 8

niÄßli SPEECH

Some Present Day Fallacies ExposedThe Initiative, Referendum and Recall as Connected with Repre- . sentative Government.

The Following, From the Speech of Senator Sutherland of Utah in the United States Senate July 11, Should Be Read by Every Voter.

Mr. President, during the last few years the United States of America has become the field of operation for an amiable band of soothsayers, who have been going up and down the land indulging in cabalistic utterances respecting the Initiative, the referendum, the recall, and divers and sundry other ingenious devices for realizing the millennium by the ready anc simple method of voting it out of itf present state of incubation. They direct our attention to the clouds flying above the far vtogtern horizon, upon which the flaming finger of the Oregon sun has traced. In radiant and opalescent lints, glowing pathways and shining minarets, stately temples and- castles and palaces, pinnacles of gold and caves of purple, and they teji us that these are the visible signs which mark the exact location of the new and improved political Jerusalem, where the wicked - officeholders cease from troubling and the weary Toters do all the work. They bid us join them in an airy pilgrimage to this scene of pure delight, and assure us that here, high above all selfish and mundane things. Is the land "flowing ith milk and honey," where every lird is a songster, where the exquisite and perfect flowers of political purity re in perpetual bloom, where "every prospect pleases" and only the "standpatter" is vile, where all the laws are perfect and corruption and wickedness are forgotten legends. A good many people are accepting the invitation, without taking the precaution to secure return tickets. EVILS AND REMEDIES. Just now there Is a good deal of political and social unrest, not onljamong our own people, but throughout the world. That there is justification for much of the dissatisfaction which exists can probably not be truthfully denied. The conditions, however, which have given rise to this feeling call for sane, wise, level-headed counsel and consideration. Hut instead ot these the agitator is aboard and con-1 fusion of thought results. Evils exist ! as they have always existed. Many remedies are being suggested, some of them good, some of them foclish, many of them utterly vicious and tmTrftir,hl Thprp art misarlra in nnli. tics as there are'quacks in medicine, end in the one case as In the other, the quack Is usually identified by the superabundance of the laudation with which he advertises himself land his remedies. The so-called popular-government propaganda has for its ostensible object the broadening and strengthening of power in the hands of the people, but its tendency is to emasculate and ultimately destroy, representative government. Its adherents in their enthusiasm have advocated what seem to me some very wild and visionary - schemes, admirably calculated to inflame the popular Imagination, but which, however, much they may increase the direct participation of the multitude in the affairs of government, will, I am persuaded, give them not a better but a far less efficient and desirable government than they now have. I do not mean to say that I am opposed to every suggested altertion ij the existing governmental framework. To oppose a new thing simply because it is new Is quite as bad as to insist upon change merely because it 13 change. I am, for example, in favor of the commission form of government for municipalities, because I believe that plan will give us better and abler city officials. In such a scheme there Is no surrender of the principles of representative government. On the contrary there is centralizing of power and responsibility In fewer hands, the effect of which wiil be to make the officials more directly responsible to the people and to enable them to locate Mith greater certainty the official who is at fault when things go wrone. Mr. President. I am not In favor of standing still. No one who takes the slightest thought desires that we shall do that. Of course, we must advance, but we must at our peril distinguish between real progress and what amounts to a mere manifestation of the speed mania. Among the games of the ancient Greeks there was a running match in which each participant carried a lighted torch. The prize was awarded not to that one who crossed the line first, but to him who crossed M - - - v " f - the line first with his torch still burning.' It is important that we should advance, but the vital thing Is not that we should simply get somewhere anywhere quickly, but that we should arrive at a definite goal with the torch of sanity and safety still ' Ablaze. ONLY PRACTICAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT. Our present form of representative ffovernnlent, under which laws are made by specially chosen legislators, dona trued by specially chosen and trained judges, and enforced by specially chosen executive officers, I am firmly convinced Is the only practicable form of government for a country of Immense area and great population such as ours. Whenever It proves inefflective or works badly the faqlt Is not' with the machinery, but with those who are operating It The remedy Is not for the people en masse to attempt to manipulate the complicated and delicately adjusted mechanism, which must inevitably lead to confusion and disaster, but to exercise more care in the selection of their specially chosen operating agents. Everybody will agree that the average man is not as intelligent, as able, or as honest as the ablest, or the most IntellizentNor, the most honest. The individual fallibility of the average man will at once be conceded, but there are some people who, seem v to imagine that there is some

mysterious v. mere numbers that ten men are necessarily raort moral and more honest than one man, that by adding together a thousand Individuals, none of whom has ever gone beyond the multiplication table, some strange and weird transmutation results by which the combined mass Is enabled to work out the most difficult problem in Euclid with the utmost accuracy. Thus, following out this highly intelligent theory, whenever one is anxious to have a message carried with the greatest haste from one part of the city to another, obviously the thing to do is to employ not the fleetest messenger boy in the service, but arrange with ten or a dozen average boys to unionize the job. The distinguished senator from Oregon (Mr. Bourne) is perhaps the greatest living exponent of this doctrine. His recipe roughly stated, I understand to be this: Take the voices of 10 foolish men. 2A ordinary mei. rascals. 16 good citizens, and 3 wise men (If any such can be Induced to join); mix them all up together, with the result, vox populi, vox Del. It was In some such flash of inspired wisdom that the learned senator. In the course of a speech delivered in this chamber a few weeks ago, presenting to us his cow well-known and justly celebrated "composite citizen," said: Ti peoplo can be trusted. Th composite Htizen knows more and a'ts from higher motives than any single Individual. hovevr grvit. experienced, or well ovelopd. Wliil FelPslinovs 1 usually dominant In th- individual, it is minimized in the composite citizen. With growing confidence in this child of his creative genius, he next declares evidently as the result of mature reflection. becau?e the declaration constitute? one of the capitalized headings with which in his editorial capacity he has thoughtfully adorned his speech that the "COMPOSITE CITIZEN IS UNSELFISH." The senator immediately proceeds under this caption to tell us how the gratifying transformation from distributive selfishness to collective altruism is brought about by a process as Interesting as it is ingenious. I quote again: The composite citizen Is made up of millions of individuals, each dominated In moat cases, by selfish Interest. But because of the difference In the personal equations of the individual units making up the composite citizen there is a corresponding difference In the Interests dominating said units. Mr. President, let me pause long enough here to say that this is not a quotation ' from Herbert, Spencer, though quite as lucid and convincing as anything that learned philosopher ever wrote. But listen further: And while composite action Is taking place, friction is developed, attrition re

sults, srlfishnVss is worn away, and general welfare is substituted before action is accomplished. I am unable to accept the frivolous suggestion advanced by some that this beautiful conception has been evolved from an overworked and hysterical inner consciousness; that friction and attrition can scarcely be expected to exercise an intelligent chcice; and that what little general welfare there is in the combination to begin with is quite as likely to be worn away as selfishness. Solomon has told us that a fool may be brayed In a mortar with a pestle and his foolishness will not depart from him. but it evidently never occurred to that wisest of men that the result might have been far different if he had submitted a large number of fools to the process at that critical period while composite action was taking place. All the operations of government lawmaking, law construcing. law executing will be merged in the one supreme, all-embracing function of balloting. We may confidently look forward to that halcyon era when there will be primary elections to nominate candidates for office, preprimary elections to designate persons to become candidates for nomination, and anteprepriamaries to frame an 'eligible list from which to select preprimary candidates to run the gauntlet of the primary itself, to the end that only the good and virtuous may compete for the final suffrages of the people. Having selected our candidates by this sifting and resitting and reresifting series of primary elections, we will have election elections to determine who of these irreproachable persons shall become our officials, and then recall election? to get rid of them if we think on reflection that some und.:I:ij!e materia.! s'lnped through a hole In the sieve. There will elections to select lawmakers and elections to make laws for them; elections to select judges to construe laws and elections to determine whether we like the way they construe them: elections for men. to execute the laws and elections to execute the executors If they do not execute to suit us. Mr. President, we can not have too much of a good thing. The "composite citizen," bearing upon his shield the inspiring device Count that day lost whose low descending sun " View t thy hands no uplift voting done v will unanimously and hilariously go into perpetual action. With nothing to do but feed and clothe a family of six or eight or ten hearty, growing children, the "composite citizen" will have no difficulty in snatching a few months of time here and there during the year to devcte to these duties of progressive citizenship, and his spate moments can be utilized in reading, studying, digesting, and perhaps understandfrg a few volumes of proposed Initiative and referendum legis lation. " irJ GOVERNOR WILSON THEN AND NOW. A government oZ the ce.o;!e ia a ter

rltory of vast extent, of Iarg pepu lation. and of great and increasing divprsltv rf nnrciiJtc and Intorset j na .

be administered only by a system of represent tion. It is almost as iui : possible for the people en masse under such circumstances to directly perform the various functions of government as it is for the human body in lis entirety to perform the fur.c tions of the heart or the brain or the lungs. In a primitive state of socTet the one may be done, as in the most" primitive forms of life the other may be don. but as society becomes complex aud as the forms of animal lite become complex organs to discharge special functions are necessary. Mr. Woodrow Wilson, In his very valuable took.. "Const It ut!cnl Government in the United States," has expressed the thought clesrly and force fully, lie says: A government must have organs; It cannot act inorganically-by masses. It must have a law-making body; it can no more make law through its voters than it can make law through Its newspapers. Thus spoke the president of Princeton university, in the days of his tranquillity, before the microbe of political ambition invaded his system. Mr. Chamberlain Mr. President The Vice-President Does tne senator from Utah yield to the senator from Oregon? Mr. if.iU.erland I do. Kr. Cü.?itirlaln I tuppose the senator has noticei Mr. Woodrow Wilson has beei "undid enough to say that he has changed hl3 mind? Mr. Sutherland I had observed that, Mr. President. Mr. Chamberlain Rut the senator seems to be "standing pat." Mr. Sutherland That this view doe not seem to )e shared by the goveinor of New Jersey Is one of the peculiarities of human psychology which I do not attempt to explain. I can oniy sav that I prefer the calm, reflective Judgment of the college, president to the fevered hallucinations of the hopeful presidential candidate. Those who in dorse his later utterances, reversing the ancient epigram, are simply ap pealing from Philip sober to Philip drunk. Those who favor the Initiative and referendum are In the habit of referring to the Swiss experiment with those methods. If it should be conceded as It by no means can te that the Initiative and referendum are successful in Switzerland, the condi tions in that country differ so radlca -ly from condition here that It doe not follow that they would be successful in the United States. The cantons in Switzerland are small in area and in population. The people are essentially homcgereous and conservative. Their legislative needs are few and simple. Nene ol the legislative checks which exist under our system of government exist there. There is no txecutive veto, no judicial p-o.ver of ?etth:g aside constitutum! law, and there is on1' a single 'eg'slative chaniler in each of the cantons. Put even urder these cond'Tlons thought fill men who have investigated the matter agree that -tore harm than good has resulted from their employment. Mr. Wilson, al-eady quoted, has given the subject very thorough and careful investigation. Speaking of the referendum, he say: Where it has been employed it has net promised either progress or enlightenment, leading rather to doubtful experiments and to reactionary displays of prejudice than to really useful legislation. He refers to the fact that in the cantons of Zurich and Berne it led to the abolishment of wise health regulations; that in federal legislation it was used only to aim a blow at the Jews under the guise of a law forbidding the slaughter of animals by bleeding. He says: The vote upon most measures submitted to the ballot is usually very light: there is not much popular discussion, and the referendum by no means creates that quick Interest In affairs which its originators had hoped to see it excite. It has dulled the sense of responsibility among legislators without In fact quickening the people to the exercise of any real control In affairs. 1 If It has thus failed In the comparatively simple affairs of Email Switzerland, how much more dismal must be the -failure In this country, with its vast and complex affairs. The experience of every state in the Union where the referendum is in force, even as to constitutional amend ments, is that notwithstanding' the comparative simplicity of the questions submitted, only about one-half or two-thirds of the people voting for candidates cast their votes for or against the proposed amendments. The remainder from Iptioance or indifference, do not attempt to pass upon the questions at all, and even of those voting it is safe to assume that no very large proportion have really taken the time to study and understand the questions submitted. I know from my own observation that of the persons who vote one way or the other many vote against proposed constitutional amendments because they have not taKen the trouble to inform themselves as to the merits, and, on the other hand, many others vote for the amendments without understanding them and wholly on the strength of somebody's statement that they are all right In a recent election held In South Dakota, 13 proposed laws were submitted to the people under the referendum and every one of them were rejected at the polls, not because they were all bad, but because, as I am informed upon high authority, the mass of the people would not take the trouble to distinguish between the good and the bad, but vote against them all in utter disgust at the unwel come task which they had been called upon to perform. THE PEOFE LOSE INTEREST. All the objections which apply to the modern referendum apply with increased force to the initiative; and. In addition, there Is the further objection that the proposed law Is not even framed by any deliberate or responsisible body. Under the Arizona constitution 10 per cent of the qualified electors are given the right to propose any measure and 15 per cent the right to propose any amendment to the constitution. A more sweeping and comprehensive repudiation of representative legislation could no well be Imagined. Apparently the constitutional convention realized that perhaps they had gone foo far, and so it was provided thai initiative and referendum laws should not transcend the constitution. This provision itself shows the confusion of mind under which the f ramers labored, because to provide that an initiative law shall not transcend the constitution is of little avail when the constitution itself may be altered by an initiative amendment with equal ease ana. simplicity. Here there are no limitations, and therefore legislation of any character may be as readily tacked on to the constitution in the form of an PTedment as it i. j Lc i c Li the j of ordim 1 T It. "7." It Is not difficult toobta.n stenaturo to any petliion, and the Initiative petition will constitute no exception to tixa rulo. Clv.cn aa .aliv. pazzellc.

THE FARMER AND

Jföwh (?VvC iflwNw "Nil I A

FARMER I suppose you would be glad to see Free-Trade In farm products. You'll get your food articles a little cneaper, and perhaps your clothes, too. when we have a "revenue tariff" on wool and woolens and free farm products. Of course. I can't buy as much of what you make as I used to, but you won't mind that as long as you get things cheaper. WORKMAN It Uoks to me as though I'd mind it very much. The factories re shutting down already on account of tariff agitation. Wbat will they do when the farmers buy less and the foreigners double their sales to this country because of a "tariff for revenue?" I know what they'll do. They'll cut down my wages. They'll have to. No: I think I'd rather leave the farmer his share of protection and not have to stand any cu. in wages.

seir-const.Tncea eoirmiTree. tee :en pt. cent, of the voters of the state can be readily obtained to sign petitions pro posing any kind of a law that anybody will want. Those who sign the petition at least ten per cent, of the voters of the state will be committed to it In advance: its sponsors will be active in advocating it; "what is everybody's business is nobody's business," and in all likelihood, after the novelty, of the system has worn off interest wi!l largely disappear and very few people will be found who will take the trouble to cornb&t even a foolish or bad provision. A very !?.rc;e proportion of the voters will refrain from voting at all uron the question, anil Mrder these conditions, with r.ctive and intedestei werk done ir. behalf of the law and a half-liearted opposition, or none at all, th? chance?re altogether in favor of the adop tion of more uni.-e laws tl:an ever Set through our legislatures. I should not like to suggest that anv of these vi?ionary schemes are beine advocated by anybody from motives o' self-interest, and yet t-hat sort of thing sometimes happens In this cold and selfish world. I remember hearing of an individual who appeared before the common council of a certain city and in a fiery speech denounced a proposed ordinance restricting the sped of au tomobiles within the city limits as being a tyrannical and unwarranted in vaslon of the personal rights of the citizens. A councilman asked the objector bow many automobiles he owned, to which he replied: 'I don't own any. I'm an undertaker." THE MISCHIEVOUS RECALL. It is the recall provision of the Arizona constitution, however, which, to my mind, is fraught with the greatest mischief. That provision, briefly stated, is that every elective officer in the state of Arizona is subject to recall by the qualified electors of the electoral district from which he was elected whenever surh recall is demanded by a petition signed by electors equal to 23 per cent, of the vote5? cast at the last preceding general election. The grounds upon which the recall is based must be stated in not more than 201 words. The cfilcer i3 given the alternative of resigning his office within five davs fter the filing of the petition. If he does not resign, a special election must be held not less than 20 nor more than 30 days after the making of an order to that effect. The reasons given In the petition for demanding the recall are to be set forth in the ballot, together with the officer's justificn'icn In not more than 200 words. Other candidates for the office may be nominated, to be voted for at said election, and the candidate receiving the highest number of votes shall be declared elected for the remainder of the term. No recall petition shall be circulated until the officer has held his office for a period of six months, except as to members of the legislature, in which case a petition may be circulated at any time after five days from the beg-nning of the first session following his ejection. The power of the recall, it is seen, includes all officials legislative, executive and judicial. Attempts have been made to show that the recall Is not a new thing In this country, and we are referred to Article V. of Confederation, which reserves to eich state the power to recall Its delegates at any time within the year for which they were appointed and to send others in their place for the remainder of the year. Passing by the distinction between an officer elected by the people and a mere delegate appointed by a state to represent its interests in what was little more than a general convention, it is sufficient to say that the whole scheme of the Confederation was found to he io utterly ineffective that It was abandoned at the end of a few years, and the enduring national government 'which we now have put into its place. The framers of the Federal Conitutfon evidently regarded1 the recall feature of the confederation as an unwise precedent to follow, and it found no place in that great instrument, as for more than 100 years tt 1 t bo recall found no piace- in the plan of government of any state. The inevitable tendencv of the recall-will be to give us a bet cf weak aid spineless executive and legislative officials, no longer having the courage or the inclination to act nrn their fcwii initiative and responsibility, but ltb their ears always to the ground to catch the first indication of the popular drift In order to anticipate, it. They win poon cease to distinguish between the settled, deliberate judgment of the people lo which they should yield a willing obedience, and the passing whim of the moment, against which the ultimate best good of society may demand the assertion of a sturdy opposition. Such a pravislon. I firmly believe. Is more likely to result in the, iecall of good officials than of bad ones, because the time-ervln?,'imscr'j-pulous politician will be swift to cos.-. Inru hin -rt t n ta ot-ar-r, ni. i nx rT5lrs '

THE WORKINGMAN.

ion kjl ma cviua'i-'V-n-s, "rr; ie tue oiu cial of honesty and integrity and courage, who prefers his duty to his office, will stand by wbat he believes to be right and sound and wise, even though for the time being he may stand alone It has happened very often that the sernor of a state or the mayor of a city has incurred the violent opposition of a temporary majority by the announcement of a policy which, when put into operation, has been found to work to the advantage pnd urbuiidins of the community. With the recoil In existcne?, such an officer would have been swept out of effice in response to a spasmodic impulse, ai'erwards found to be wholly unwarranted. It is far better in the lon run that our public officials be permitted to serve out the short terms for whi."h they are elected, unless tfcey so conduct themselves as to berome amennble to removal by impeachment or by punishment under specific provisions cf law. JUDGES AND CONSTITUENTS. While I thoroughly disapprove ot the initiative and the modern referendum and the recall as applied to ex ecutive and legislative officers. I co:ild well subordinate my judgment to that of the people of Arizona if they had not gone further and provided that the recall should embrace the judiciary as well. The power to recall a Judge who renders an unpopular judgment is to my mind so utterly subversive of the principles of good government that I can never get my own consent to withhold my condemnation and disapproval of it. The senator from Oregon not the father of the "composite citizen." but the Junior senator, Mr. Chamberlain In his speech of April 17 last, asks: But as an abstract proposition, whv should a Judicial officer be independent of the wishes of his constituents? Oh, Mr. President, much of the vice and fallacy of the argument for the right to recall judges rests In this assumption that the judge, like a congressman or a legislator, represents a constituency. What is a constituent? He i3 a person for whom another acts. A constituent implies as a necessary corollary, a representative who speaks for him. A Judge has no constituents: he is only In a restricted sense a representative officer at all. The people who elect him can with propriety make known their wishes only through j the laws which they enact. The judge is the mouthpiece or the law. 1113 constituents are the statutes duly made and provided. If his decisions are wrong, the remedy is to appeal to a higher court not to the people. The scales of justice must hang level or there Is an end of justice. - The recall puts into the scale, upon one side or the other, in every case where strong public feeling exists, the arti- i ficially induced anxiety of the judge ; for the retention of his place. Bound . by all the sacred traditions of his of- J fice to decide impartially between the I parties according to the law and the j evidence, he begins the discharge of his high duties with a personal interest in his own decision. The judge represents no constituents, speaks for no policy save the policy of the law. If he be not utterly foresworn, he must at all hazards put the rights of a single Individual above the! wishes of all the people. He has no master but the compelling force of his own conscience. Every clrcum j stance which diminishes his independ ence and his courage, which closes his ears to the righteousness of the causes and opens them to the voice of clamor, makes for Injustice. t If charged with incompetency, dis-y honesty or corruption, common fairness demands that he should be tried in the open before an impartial tribunal, where he may be heard, not with a limitation cf 200 words upon his dej fense, but in full and where he may i face, his accusers, and test the.truth d therr accusations By tnose orderly methods of procedure which the experience of centuries has demonstrated are essential to the ascertainment of truth. Cut the recall Institutes a tribunal where everybody decides and nobody Is responsible; where at least 25 per cent, of the membership have already, as the Judge's accusers, prejudged his case, and from whose arbi trary and unjust find!g3 there is n' appeal. In such a "forum idle gossip and village scandal st?nc! in the place rT evidence; assertion takes the rlce oi sworn testimony; anJ the foulest lie gCes unchallenged by the touchstone of crois-exaraination. The voter will make up his verdict of vindication under the illuminating radiance, of the torchlight procession. In the calm, judicial atmosphere of the brass band and ihe drum corps, and upon the logical summing up of the spellbinder and pcipn c.uar.tette. Sir, I hone I am not given to overertrpvieant strteirect. but I declare; my so'emn conviction that the moment j a provision Tor the recall of the judges j of the Supreme court shall be written Into the Federal Constitution, that mo-; ment will mark the beginning of the downfall of the republic and the de

struction of the free Institutions of the American people. EXPERIENCE SAFER THAN EXPERIMENT. Mr. President, In the mala and in the long run changes which come by the gradual and orderly processes of evolution are better and far more enduring than those brought about by the spasmodoic methods of revolution. Experience is a safer guide than prediction. The tree is known by its fruits rather than by its blossoms, for sometimes the fairest blooms, like the fairest promises, produce no fruit at all. The rules of government that have been tried, that have been rounded into shape by years of practical use, that have stood the ßtraln and pressure from every direction, are not to be lightly cast aside In order that we may put high sounding experiment in their place. The strength and the glory of the common law, which is but the crystallized common sense of the clear-thinking English race expressed in definite form, is that it has been gradually developed by hundreds of slow years of application to the diverse and changing needs of society, until it.has become fitted and molded and adjusted to all the conditions of life. And so, sir, with the great principles of our government. Like the common law, they are a growth, not an invention. Year by year they have developed In enduring strength, striking their roots deeper and deeper into the intimate life of the people. They have withstood the specious opposition of the doctrinaire and the theor-. ist, as well as the open shock of armed conflict. The preservation, the renewal, the strengthening of the old faith in their efficiency and virtue I regard as essential to our continued development along sane and symmetrical lines. If the visionary and the dreamer, the agitator and thp demagogue, could succeed in tearing them from the stately edifice of constitutional government, which, builded by the wise and loving hands of the fathers and cemented by the blood of the Civil war, has proven the. sure refuge and shelter of all our people throughout the years in time of stress and trial, no man can foresee what miserable and inade quate makeshifts might be set In their olace. Mr. President. I look with grave apprehension upon the rresentday tendency to overturn, uproot and destroy these vital and fundamental principles of representative government, under which we have made and are making the most wonderful moral, social and material advancement mankind has ever beheld. But, sir. I preach no gospel of despair. My sure confidence rests in the saving grae of the sober second thought of tbe American people, for. in the last analysis, we are a practical and a conservasive people, somtiiies. It i--? trre. dreaming with our heads in th cloud, but always waking to the tvalldng .-ene that we must walk with our fei niton the earth. Sometimes the haunting spell of the darkness is upon us. but in the end the night goe;-', "the dawn comes, the cock crows, the ghost vanishes;" we open our eyes and all the uneasy and terrifying visions disappear In the light which fills tbe east with the glowing promise of another morning.

"JUST LET ME SPEAK A WORD TO HIM."

w 1 m i 111

The Plymouth

5 Horse-now.-.. $1(0 00. .plete with batteiiep, epark coil. spH'k j hiij, water ta? k and mnfflsr. $1 10.00 equipped with "Wico" Ignitor. Something new, no batteries; no c'dlf. no switch. Guaranteed fur five years. Every E gine mount-jd on skids, any eize pulley you may wish. - Engine mateiia! and workmanship guaranteed for on year. t F.rg-d stelcranK brnnw connecting rodsfonarch" carburetor Republic" oiler, hverjthing tbe best that money can buy. Pump Jack, Shifting. Hangers, Boxes, Pulleys, S. w Arbors, Etc. Firsts cla?e Mf chine Shop, Job Work and Foundry Clizbe Bros.' Mfg. Company Plymouth; Inninno '

EXPENDITURES AND TAX LEVIES FOR THE YEAR 1911 The Trustee of North Township, Marshll Count, proposes for the yearly expenditures and tax levies by that Advisoroy Board at its annu meeting', to be held at the trustee's cilice, 'Lapaz( on the fifth day of September. 1911, commencing at 1:30 o'clock p. m. the following estimates and amounts for said year: 1. Township expenditures, .$1800, and Township tax, 18 cents on the .hundred dollars. 2. Local Tuition oxpenditures, Jkt.G27.08. and tax, 25 cents on the hundred dollars. 3. Special School Tax expenditures, $."),15.'i, and tax 4." cents 011 the hundred dollars. 4. Road Tax expenditures. $1012 an'l tax, 15 cents on the hundred dollars. ' 5. Additional Road Tax expenditures, $000, and tax, 5 veuts on the hundred dollars. Total expenditures, $1.1.092.08. and total tax, 108 cents on the hundred dollars. v The taxables of the above named township are as follows . Total Valuation of Lands and Imeprovements $()Sn.l40 Total Valuation of Personal Property 452.1C5

$135.305 Amount of Credit on Account of Mortrare Exemption $ 42.915 Xet Taxnble Property of Township $1.002.::W Number of Polls. 250. Signed Charles A. Gonter. Trustee. Dated Au? 5, 1911. A NOTRE DAUE LADY'S APPEAL To al! knowing sufTrer of rheumatism, whether muscular or of tue joints, sciatic. Lailum. tmckacbe. pains n the kidneys or iieuralKi pains, to write t her fir a Louie treatuwut which has reiatedlj- cured all of thex tvrture. She feels It her duty to send it to all su!Terer FHKK. You cure yourself at home as thousand. will testify no olianire of climate lwinz i.eees Karr. This simple discovery lonishes urio acid from tlie Mon.1. loosens the stiSTened joi'its. purifies the Mond, and brighten the eves, irivirg elasticity and tone to the whole system. If the al-ofe interests you, for proof adlrvss Mrs. M. Summers, Box R, Notre Dame, led. Marriage License. Emerson L. Haines of Arp-. '21, to Urate M. Wiselv Aros, 21. liiliou-? Peel- havy after dinner? Tomrue coated? Hitter taste ? Complexion sallow? Liver needs waking vp. Doan's Regulets cure bilious attacks. 23 cents at anv dm? store. Oonahey in Cleveland Plain Dealer. Gas Engine.