Walkerton Independent, Volume 60, Number 32, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 3 January 1935 — Page 2

Walkerton Independent Published Everv Thursday by THE IXUEPEXDEXT-NEWS CO. Publishers of the WA LKKRTOX IXDEPENDENT NORTH LIBERTY NEWS TEE ST. JOSEPH COUNTY WEEKLIES Clem DeCoudres. Business Manager Charles M. Finch, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES On* Tear ji.SO Six Months 9 0 Th res Months '59 _ TERMS IN ADVANCE Entered at the post office at Walkerton, Ind., as second-class matter. SOLDIERS KILL TWO IN LYNCHING MOB [Tennessee Town Courthouse Is Destroyed. Shelbyville, Tenn. —Southern National Guardsmen, with bayonets and bullets, killed two white men here and wounded seven others in a pitched battle fought in and around the courthouse to save the life of a colored youth. He was on trial for assaulting a fourteen-year-old white girl. When the prisoner was taken from the courthouse disguised in the uniform of a soldier, wearing a gas mask, and the mob learned it had been tricked, the rioting started anew. Flames and dynamite were used to level the $150,000 Bedford county courthouse. Four trucks used by the Guardsmen were overturned, saturated with gasoline, and burned. While Gov. Hill McAllister and his aides worked frantically by telephone to mobilize 500 more state troops to occupy the town, groups of men stalked the streets, firing random shots into the air, hurling imprecations against the colored population and Guardsmen alike, and threatening to invade the colored quarter of town with pistol, knife, and club. When the trial started the courthouse was guarded by 110 militiamen. The mob surged forward in the first of its three bloody attacks. Gun butts and tear gas bombs were brought into play and the crowd was repulsed. Augmented by more recruits, the crowd, its spirit aroused by the first clash, came forward again. The first line of Guardsmen yielded and the rioters reached the door of the building. This time dynamiters led the attack and began digging at the foundations of the building to place their explosive, but were driven back. The third attack hurled the ranks of soldiers backward still farther, and into the courthouse itself. Then the mounted machine guns went into action. From the doorway they sprayed bullets into the advancing mob. The crowd halted for a moment and. taking advantage of the hesitation, the militiamen charged, resorting to their bayonets. When the battle had ceased Raleigh Edwards, thirty years old, a house painter, and an unidentified white man were dead, bayoneted through the stomach. WASHINGTON BRIEFS A demand for more teeth in the new NRA, empowering it to force reluctant industries into line in a drive for “economic democracy,” is voiced by the recovery unit's labor advisory board, headed by William Green. The United States Supreme court agreed to review the railway retirement act, a piece of New Deal legislation that recently was held unconstitutional by the District of Columbia Supreme court. An unemployment insurance system resting upon contributions by employers through a pay roll tax was approved by President Roosevelt’s eco-. nomic security advisory committee. Prof. Jacob Viner, economic assistant to Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morganthau. resigned and will return to his teaching duties aMthe University of Chicago. President Roosevelt appointed Julius G. Lay of Washington, D. C., to be minister to Uruguay. Dern Asks Larger Army, $60,000,000 for Buildings Washington.—A new War department building in Washington and a $60,000,000 housing program to remedy “deplorable conditions” in army living quarters were recommended in the annual report of George Dern, secretary of war. He also asked that the army’s strength be raised from 11,750 officers and 117,517 men to 14,000 officers and 165,000 men. Defending the army air corps’ record in flying the mail last winter, he said most of the criticism was “unin- i formed,” though there was justification for some. Most of the defects which came to light, he said, were due to in- : sufficient money. Princess Barbara Gives $5,000 to Needy New York.—A real-life princess, Bar- I bara Hutton Mdivani, stepped out of her story-book existence to assure a merry Christmas for 10,000 needy. In response to an open letter from Ed Sullivan, Broadway columnist —a letter that made her cry—she contributed a $5,000 check for a “Princess Barbara Christmas dinner” for New York’s poor children and their parents. , Mother Shoots Girl and Ends Own Life Fresno, Calif. —Miss Frances G. Hughett, eighteen, was shot and crlt- | ically wounded here by her mother, Mrs. Gertrude M. Hughett, who then .killed herself. Deputy Sheriff Slain Beckley. W. Va. —shot twice, his ' throat cut and his face battered beyond recognition, the body of i >eputy Sheriff Leamon Martin was fend near his wrecked car.

BRISBANE THIS WEEK 105 Billions. Be Calin 103 Eyes for an Eye The Unexpected Pleases Fourth Place for Us Secretary Ickes has a real plan, and possesses what might be called vision in spending. He has confidence in this country and its wealth. As chairman । of the resources board, Mr. Ickes fa--1 vors spending $105,000,000,000 in the | next 20 or 30 years on public works. Do not “stand and gaze," or fall back- > ward; that isn't so much money for j Uncle Sam. Mr. F. H. Ecker, whose I Metropolitan Life Insurance company, . biggest in the world, has assets of $4,000.000,000, will tell you that in really good times the United States’ income was $90,000,000,000 a year. $60.000,0(X),0(H) for wages, §30,000,000,000 of other income. — “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” may suit old-fashioned “cap- । italistic” countries. It does not appeal , to Russia. There, to avenge the killing of one man, Kirov, Stalin’s friend, 28 । more have been shot, making a total I of 103. ( “A hundred and three eyes for one eye, a hundred and three teeth for one tooth,” is a high price, and the number । killed may be increased. The unexpected is interesting and Is the essence of humor. Two old genJ tiemen, failing in their attempt to I strike oil, retired to the poorhouse. In the poorhouse backyard they found, j first, a good coal deposit, then struck I oil. ’ Louis Mosenza of New Jersey went hunting deer, walked 20 miles, found nothing. At night he found a large deer hanging in his kitchen. It walked Into the front yard, Mrs. Mosenza shot it. Charles Dana Gibson, able artist, with friends went moose hunting, traveled far, by buckboard In the Maine forest, found nothing, packed guns, drove back to the station. A fine bull moose and two cows walked across the track. They could not get out their guns in time. An NRA report says the United States comes fourth among nations in the march toward recovery and is gratified. There was a time when fourth place did not particularly gratify Americans, but “small mercies thankfully received.” Interesting in the report is the statement that countries still on the gold basis—France, Italy, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland —show the least progress. Catholics and Protestants in Germany unite in a pro-Deo (“For God”) movement to counteract the “godless Bolshevik propaganda.” At the same time various reljgious authorities in Germany quarrel among themselves and the head government seeks to “Germanize” the Christian religion, annoyed perhaps by the idea that the “one God” should have been given to the world by the Jews. — Rumania's parliament discussed a young lady with red hair named Magda Lupescu, for whom the Rumanian king, Carol, has shown some partiality. It was suggested in defense of King Carol that “his critics are too weak to be immoral.” That new view of Immorality would surprise several well-known characters. including the good St. Anthony. It was not understood that the man who said he could “resist anything except temptation” was a person of unusual strength. Mr. Joseph J. Fiske observes that among the “one hundred and eightyone who had incomes of a million dolI lars a year during the war, the Jews ' may be counted on the fingers of one hand.” He thinks this interferes with Hitler’s theory that members of the Jewish race control the world s monej’ and own most of it. ■ That theory, of course, is nonsense. There is no Jew among the richest men in the United States, who are, or were until recently. John D Rockefeller, Andrew W. Mellon, Henry Ford and George F. Baker. Wise King George cf England knows which way the straws are blowing. Friends wanted to give him. by subscription, a new yacht costing $150,OX), He thanked them, said he could get along well with his old sailing boat, and advised that the $150,000 “be applied to people out of work.” That kind of king stays on his throne. The marquess of Donegal tells the London Sunday Despatch that Chancellor Hitler, flying over east Prussia, was attacked with gunfire from another airplane, that fled at high speed after missing. Perhaps that did not happen, but it might happen. United States cotton growers decide by a vote of 9 to 1 that they want an I extension of the Bankhead act, limit- ' Ing the production of cotton. Consequently, production will be kept down and prices forced up. So far so good. । Another result will be that foreign countries will gratefully increase their cotton production, safe from compeI tition of United States surplus cotton, and this country’s cotton export trade will gradually fade away. Perhaps that is “all right.” Cotton growers Should know. ©, King Features Syndicate, Inc. WNU Service. Hi Ho Sounds Warning “My native land claims credit for i the invention of printing,” said Hi Ho, : the sage of Chinatown. “Our ancesI tors also invented gunpowder and never learned to use either with practical efficiency. Let these facts be a warn- ! Ing. Beware the big idea lest it be ' used against you.” Africa Home of Cobra Africa is the true home of the cobra, j He migrated from there to Arabia and | India, and is found in greater numbers j in the Dark Continent than elsewhere.

HOW TO^;^ S HOW* By Bolt Nichols • Shooting Editor. Field and Stream^-ssi* O MAN can hope to become a 1 very good wingshot if he lays his I gun away ten months in the year and i takes it out again only when the au--1 tumn gunning season rolls around, i Especially tn his development stage, the hopeful shooter needs practice the ’ year 'round. Much of this practice can be what is termed “dry shooting.” 1 hat is. mere practice Indoors with ' the gun empty. “Dry shooting” will materially help i you acquire good form and speed in i your gun mounting. Keep your gun standing handy in a corner of your : room, where you can snatch it up for a few minutes’ practice in the evening before you turn in. Keep all shells for the gun under lock and key where children, or grown-ups with children’s minds, can’t get at them. Never slip shells in your gun in the house. To do so is to invite tragedy! Grab up your gun for a few minutes each day. N t more than two or three minutes at a time, for practice does you little good if yon continue after your arms are fatigued. Practice mounting the gun to your shoulder. Get so you can do It swift* Ily but gently. Never jerk it up spasmodically. or bang the butt hard back ' i into your shoulder. Bring it up smoothly, pointing It Instinctively at a spot on the wall paper as it conies up to your face and in to ; your shoulder, then giving it the finer j aiming adjustment just as you pull the f trigger. Keep both eyes open and see how gradually It becomes easier and easier to point the gun accurately with the full power of your two-eyed vision. Push your gun stock tn close to your face so it won’t be necessary to tilt your head too far over to look down the barrel. Your gun butt shou 1 rest clear in on your shoulder, clear in to the base of your neck—never out on the arm. Don’t snap your hammers. You may break a firing pin. Put the safety on. You can practice pulling the trigger just about as well this way. Stand erect as you practice. Not stiffly like a ram-rod, but easily erect. Keep your head erect and your chin down. To tuck in your chin before you mount your gun may prevent you from getting the bad habit of craning i your head and neck out over the gun stock when you shoot. Get the habit ' of keeping your chin tucked In as you bring your gun up and you’ll find that your barrels come up into easy alignment much quicker. Mounting your । gun with chin tucked in is a simpler 1 movement. Doing it with the chin sticking out results in a compound movement —your gun comes up and your chin comes down. Frequently they do not meet at the same point. Your head may be craned out too far over the stock of the gun. When this awkward strain is introductsl. the shooter frequently raises his head an instant before firing and up goes his gun muzzle and he over-shoots. With your chin tucked snugly in. your face soon learns to assume a fixed shooting position. Face and gun stock no longer try to "find each other in the dark.” The hands, having been taught their duty, bring the gun stock I up into the accustomed position, where i cheek and eyes are all ready waiting to take possession of the finer adjustments of the aim. Hunters who haven’t yet learned to assume correct head position before ■ bringing the gun to shoulder, quite ! often get a bruised cheek bone. They I blame the gun. Usually it isn’t the ' gun’s fault at all. | Good shooting form—and good shooti ing, too—results from a synchronizaI tion of movement, and a consequent : elimination of unfamiliar movement । and lost motion. ©. Western Newswer Union. . “Sensitization Diseases” Found Largely Inherited Hay fever, asthma, eczema, food ' idiosyncrasy and similar minor diseases caused by excessive sensitivity to certain pollens, dusts, foods or oth|er common substances have been I found to be inherited family weaki nesses in 33 per cent of 7.000 students ■ studied by the University of Michi- ! gan Health service. Probably 54 per ■ cent of all persons have a personal or family history of “sensitization dis- , 1 eases,” the survey also showed. । Since 1930. complete medical his- ! ' tories of 7,000 students entering the ‘ j university have been registered and checked for accuracy by parents of . the students, according to Dr. Buena- ' ventura Jiminez in the Michigan Med- J leal Society Journal. It was found that 12 per cent of these students had previously had j hay fever, rose fever, asthma or eczema. A second group, 22 per cent, reported having had urticaria, gastroI Intestinal upsets, food idiosyncrasy, frequent “colds” and headaches of the i ' type usually caused by sensitization to some substance or food. A third group, 19 per cent reported themselves so far free from such annoyances, ! but with a history of sensitivity among ! other members of the family. “Although the health service figures i show a prevalence of sensitization dis- i | eases exceeding all previous estimates, I they are well attested and emphasize I the need of more attention to these conditions which are usually regarded ■ i as annoyances rather than diseases,” i states Doctor Jiminez. “This viewpoint | may be justified in youth, for many ■ symptoms are progressive with age.” 11 '" Eight Islands in Group The eight Hawaiian islands constituting the group, which are, In order of their size, Hawaii, Oahu, where Honolulu is situated; Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe and Niihau, are unlike any other land. The Feather River The Feather river is in northern I California, rising In the Sierra Nevada range and flowing in a southwest direction through boautoul scenery, । until it becomes part of the SacraI mento.

n^E BATTLE ©(HL® ■ BO -ist M; j nt« -- \til'SK/1 I Uv= — ... _ '• 1 ' 1 - ~7 “TTie Battle of the Keqs” (.from an Illustration for a Son<js that Cheered the Continentals”in

4 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON A RECENT press dispatch from I'hilayW delphia brings the news that / W science has solved a mystery * / W nu>re than a century and that the “lost grave" of Francis Hop- -*■ kinson, a signer of the Declaray w, tion of Independence, and one ^1 most brilliant men of the Ttt Revolution, has been found at l as t. When Hopkinson diw! in 2* 1"91, he was buried in historic Christ Church graveyard. Evidently his last resting place was unmarked at the time or so insufficiently marked that through the passage of years all trace of it was lost Last year Dr. Charles Penrose Keith of the chinch vestry learned that Elizabeth Conde, a daughter of Hopkinson, was buried in the old graveyard. He obtained permission from the Hopkinson descendants to dig in this plot in the hope of solving the mystery of the signers burial place. When this was done, part of a skeleton was found and the bones were sent to Dr. Oscar V. Batson, professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, who made a careful study of all the available evidence about Hopkinson, including the known authentic portraits of him. Taking into consideration the probable height, weight and age of the man whose bones were dug up in the Hopkinson plot in the Christ Church graveyard, as well as the profile of the skull, and checking these with what was known of Hopkinson’s stature and appearance at the time of his death, the anatomist was able to establish satisfactorily the fact that the grave of the signer had at last Immui found. The announcement of this discovery is especially appropriate at this time, for January 5 marks the anniversary of an event In the history of the Revolution which brought Hopkinson almost as much fame as the fact that he was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. It was a comic opera battle which gave him the Inspiration for a poem that was set to music and became one of the most p pular soldier songs of the struggle for liberty. That was the famous “Battle of the Kegs." During the Revolution, as before and for long afterwards. England was the "Mistress of the Seas.” Except for the victories of John Paul Jones, the fledgling American navy was pitifully inadequate to cope with the sea power of Great Britain. But to offset this was American ingenuity which first manifested itself in 1776 when a Connecticut Yankee, named David Bushnell, invented a turtle-shaped, one-man submarine which he proposed to use for attaching bombs and time fuses to the bottoms of the British warships which had sailed into New York harbor to aid in driving Washington and his Continentals out of that city. The task of operating this queer craft was entrusted to another Connecticut Yankee. Ezra Lee, and although he failed in his major objective, he did succeed in setting off a bomb from beneath the water which threw up a great geyser of water and scared the enemy out of the harbor. Later in the year the British fleet sailed south to aid in the capture of Philadelphia and anchored In the Delaware river below that city. Although Bushnell’s submarine had not been successful. his Ingenuity was not exhausted. Tradition credits him with conceiving the idea of loading a number of kegs with powder and putting them In the river to float downstream ami explode against the enemy ships when they touched them. Most of them blow up when they struck the ice cakes in the Delaware, but one did destroy a British boat. This was enough, however, to throw the British into something of a panic. They opened a terrific fire on every floating object in the river, with ship after ship pouring broadsides into the water and the soldiers gathered along the shores keeping up an incessant fire. When Hopkinson heard of this incident, he was so amused that he wrote a satiric poem called “The Battle of the Kegs.” Sung to a variation of the tune of “Yankee Doodle,” it became one of the most popular songs of Washington's Continentals during the remainder of the war. More than that, it has come down through the years as an outstanding example of the mockheroic poems characteristic of that period and it has been preserved in virtually every anthology of patriotic verse and native songs. So even though Francis Hopkinson had never done anything else but write “The Battle of the Kegs,” his fame would be secure. But there were other things in his record to make him noteworthy. He was born in Philadelphia in 1737, the son of an Englishman who served as a judge of the admiralty and a member of the provincial council. Hopkinson was the first scholar entered at the University of Pennsylvania (then the College of Philadelphia) and was graduated with its first class. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1761. After serving as secretary to a conference between the provincial authorities and the chiefs of several Indian nations, and as librarian and secretary of the Philadelphia library, he went to England in 1766 and became an intimate friend of Lord North, Benjamin West, John Penn and other notables. Upon his return to this country he resumed his law practice, kept store for awhile and became a member of two societies which united in 1769 to become the famous American Philosophical society. In 1772 he was appointed inspector of the customs at New Castle but was removed

theNewYorkTimes J x t^gazine) \ Joseph Hopkinson (A Silhouette bu u Francis Charles Wilson Peale) -^Hopkinson THE BATTLE OF THE KEGS

Gallants, attend, and hear a friend Thrill forth harmonious ditty— Strange things I’ll tell that late befell In Philadelphia City. ’Twas early day. as poets say. Just when the sun was rising. A soldier stood on log of wood And saw a sight surprising. As in amaze he stood to gaze— The truth can’t be denied, sirs— He spied a score of kegs or more Come floating down the tide, sirs. A sailor, too. in jerkin blue. The strange appearance viewing. First damned his eyes in great surprise. Then said, “Some mischief’s brewing. “The kegs now hold the rebel bold Packed up like pickled herring; And they’ve come down to attack the town In this new way of ferrying.” The soldier flew, the sailor, too, And, scared, almost to death, sirs, Wore out their shoes to spread the news. And ran ’til out of breath, sirs. Now up and down, throughout the town. Most frantic scenes were acted; And some ran here and some ran there, Like men almost distracted. Some “fire” cried, which some denied. But said the earth had quaked; And girls and boys, with hideous noise. Ran through the town half-naked. Sir William, he, snug as a flea. Lay all this time a-snoring. Nor dreamed of harm, as he lay warm In bed with Mrs. Loring. Now, in a fright, he Starts upright, Awaked by such a clatter; He rubs both eyes and boldly cries, “For God’s sake, what’s the matter?” At his bedside he then espied Sir Erskine at command, sirs; Upon one foot he had a boot. And t’ other in his hand, sirs.

because of his radical ideas. He next moved to Bordentown, N. J., and was a member of the provincial council of that colony from 1774 to 1776. In the latter year he was elected to the Continental congress from New Jersey ami became one of America’s immortals when he voted for the Declaration of Independence and later signed it. As early as 1774 Hopkinson won a name for himself by publishing an allegory in winch he recounted the wrongs of the colonies and this is said to have done much to fan the spirit of revolution in all who read it. Throughout the Revolution he continued to use his gifts as a writer in a series of satires directed at the British, which were published in the newspapers of the day.* Besides being a signer of the Declaration of Independence and one of the leading propagandists of the Revolution, another honor that has been claimed for him by some historians is that he was the designer of the first Stars and Stripes as our national flag and that he had a hand in designing the first great seal of this nation. Although the evidence as to his part in giving us these symbols is not as conclusive as one might wish it to be, certainly it is more credible than the evidence upon which is based the legend of Betsy Ross as the “designer” of the flag. In June, 1777. at the time the Continental congress adopted the famous flag resolution. Hopkinson was chairman of the navy board, a body which had charge of virtually all the executive work for the navy, under the direction of the marine committee of congress. Two of his letters to the marine committee, or the admiralty board, as he called it, have been preserved and it is upon these two letters that his claim to being a designer of the flag and the great seal is based. One. written in 1779, expressed his pleasure at the approval, which he said he understood the board had given to the device which he had prepared for its official seal, and continued: “I have with great readiness upon several occasions exerted my small abilities in this way for

“Arise! Arise!” Sir Erskine cries; “The rebels—more’s the pity— Without a boat are all afloat, h And ranged before the city. “The motley crew in vessels new With Satan for their guide, sir. Packed up in bags, or wooden kegs. Come driving down the tide, sir. Therefore, prepare for bloody war! Those kegs must all be routed. Or surely we despised shall be. And British courage doubted.” The royal band now ready stand. All ranged in dead array, sirs. With stomachs stout to see it out. And make a bloody day, sirs. The cannons roar from shore to shore, The small arms make a rattle; Since wars began I’m sure no man E’er saw so strange a battle. The rebel vales, the rebel dales. With rebel trees surrounded, The distant woods, the hills and floods. With rebel echoes sounded. Ths fish below swam to and fro. Attacked from every quarter—- “ Why, sure,” thought they, “the devil’s to pay ’Mongst folks above the water,” The kegs, ’tis said, tho’ strongly made Os rebel staves and hoops, sirs. Could not oppose the powerful foes. The conquering British troops, sirs. From mom to night these men of might Displayed amazing courage. And when the sun was fairly down Returned to sup their porridge. A hundred men with each a pen, Or more—upon my word, sirs. It is most true—would be too few Their valor to record, sirs, “ Such feats did they perform that day Upon those wicked kegs, sirs. That years to come, if they get home. They’ll make their boasts and brags, sirs.

the public serxice, as 1 flatter myself, to the satisfaction of those 1 wish to please, viz: “The Flag of the United States of America. “Four devices for the Continental currency. “A seal for the Board of Treasury. “A Great Seal for the United States of America, with a Reverse. “For these services I have as yet made no charge nor received any recompense. I now submit to your Honours’ consideration whether a quarter cask of public wine will not be a proper and reasonable reward for these labours and a suitable encouragement to others of the like nature.” Apparently “Your Honours” did not consider a “quarter cask of public wine” to be “a proner and reasonable reward,” for there is no record of it having been given to him. l ater he sent a more formal bill to congress, asking pax ment for the designs already mentioned and for numerous others, the first item on the list being “The Great Naval Flag of the United States.” This time he asked, not for wine, but for $2,700. The treasury committee referred this bill to the board of accounts and tlris board disapproved its payment, declaring that Hopkinson “was not the only person consulted on those exhibitions of Fancy” and therefore not entitled to full credit for them nor to full payment As to how much of the credit for these designs belongs to Hopkinson awl how much to other persons, there Is no way of knowing. But judging from this ex idence his part in designing both the flag and the great seal must have been considerable. One other achievement of Hopkinson’s deserves mention in the long list associated with his name. He not only wrote the poem xvhich became one of the most popular songs of the Revolution, but he also gave to the nation a son, Joseph Hopkinson, who in 1798 wrote the song xvhich, until Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner” swept the country 16 years later, was popularly regarded as the principal national song of the nexv republic. That was “Hail Columbia.” © by Western Newspaper Union.