Walkerton Independent, Volume 55, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 24 October 1929 — Page 7

The Man Whose Ooidj^, Ruined Him \ / wk-. 4 Tv liiPw IM I V^bfcß M HV&t ®S%; : ?gSW<?wWO I I® Srljfwp^. ■ : S^KI \ 2——J In ® ® ®KSS|i^ H^Sw L——. John A. Sutter W | T gg> . W r \I / / IQ|Bp|Ss?^^ .*< x^y 'T! <- r- t i if '• V^*^''

i l±- X \ v j P^lame^W. fAarshaß By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

ROM Washington fumes the news that the heirs of Gen. J. A. Sutter, the famous California pioneer, are preparing to press a claim against the government for $50,000,000 which they assert is due Ins estate under an agreement made with congress in 1859. Early this year these same heirs filed suit In the Polo county courts against the city of Sacramento, seeking the return of certain lands which General Sutter had

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presented to the city for parks and streets in 1849 and which, they allege, was sold by the city for commercial purposes in violation of the terms of the gift. These two actions recall once more the story of one of the most dramatic and tragic careers in American history—that of Johann August Sutter, the Swiss adventurer whose swift rise to fortune was matched only by an equally swift descent. For it was on the vast estates in California, where he ruled as a veritable king, that gold was discovered on January 24, 1848. and resulted in the epic gold rush which brought down upon this modem Midas the horde of hungry fortune-seekers who ruined him. Sutter was born In Kandern in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany. February 15, ISO 3. He was of Swiss parentage, the family being originally Suter. Young Johann August, who did not care to follow his father's occupation of paper manufacturer, was sent to the military college at Berne where he was graduated in 1823 and entered the French service as an officer of the Swiss guard In which he served in the Spanish campaign of 1823-24. In 1834 Sutter emigrated to America. Settling near St. Louis. Sutter became a farmer for a time, then removed to Westport, the eastern terminus of the Santa Fe trail, where he ran a store which did a large business with the wagon trains which were fitted out there for the Santa Fe trade. Then he heard the call of the West and decided to go to California. Accompanied by a single companion, he set out in 1838 and went first to Oregon. Later he descended the Columbia to Fort Vancouver and from there sailed to the Sandwich Islands where he purchased a vessel and went to Sitka. Alaska. After disposing of his cargo to good advantage he coasted south and In July. 1839. was stranded in the Bay of Yerba Buena (now San Francisco). After making a Journey into the interior, where he was much impresscd with the possibilities of the country, ho conceived the scheme of founding a colony in the Sacramento valley. California was then owned by Mexico and Monterey was the capital. Hastening there Sutter laid his plan before Gov. Juan Alvaredo. He would establish a cordon of outposts and check the incursions of hostile Indians from the north, he would gather the peaceful Indians of California together and give them employment ami lie would bring Kanokas i^om the Sandwich islands also to work for him. So impressed was Alvaredo with Sutters scheme that he gave him a grant of eleven square league!*. So in 1841 Sutter established his colony, which he named New Helvetia or New Switzerland. There he built a fort, 500 feet long and 200 feet wide, and within its walls, five feet thick and twelve feet high, were a store, a tannery, a grist mill, a smithv and a distillery. Within a few years Sutter had wrought a marvelous transformation in the raw country. Bridges were built over the streams, roads marked out. marshes drained, wells and ditches dug, and many other improvements made. The Mexican government had appointed him governor of northern California and he reigned in New Helvetia in feudal splendor over nearly 100.000 acres ^>r Sutter had been very generous with himself in surveying his “eleven square leagues”) of land, tended by several hundred white. Kanaka ami Indian retainers. In his pastures grazed 12,000 head of cattle, 15.000 sheep and 2,000 horses and mules. Establishing stores he traded from Canada to Mexico and as far east as St. Louis. Governor Micheltorena, Alvaredo’s successor, present* 1 him with an additional eleven square lea>**V until at the peak of his prosperity Sutter controlled probably 250.000 acres upon which he raised enormous amounts of g'ain of various kinds.

Professor Points Out Race’s Superiority : I

That the Japanese are a superior race of people is the thesis of a book just published by Doctor Adachi, of the Kyoto Imperial university. The volume, written in German, represents the fruit of 30 years’ study of anthropology and related fields. The scholar’s theory is that qualities of the muscles, viscera, blood vessels, nerves and elands must be taken into account In fhn rAmon ri son of vnrioiis r:i< Hi I

I I Lj^ I / \\ *ssll &W ®B <v <nt w ßa nq Ba Who Worked For Sutter ano Marshall Although tlio Mexican covemment had made him governor of northern California, it bc-’an to regard him with some suspicion when, after the settlement of the Oregon dispute with England, the United States began to cast covetous eyes southward along the coast and it became known that Sutter favored the annexation of California to the United States. When Capt. Charles Wilkes on an exploring expedition reached San Francisco, Sutter gave him aid and information ami he extended a similar welcome to Gen. John C. Fremont on his arrival in California on his first exploring trip. When California was ceded to the United States at the close of the Mexican war Sutter was elected first alcalde of his district and appointed Indian agent. With these new honors thrust upon fdm, he looked forward to a future of assured ami increasing wealth and prominence in the new state which would inevitably be formed. Then came the event which was to have such a tragic significance for Sutter. One of his employees, a sort of a foreman, was Janies Wilson Marshall, born in New Jersey, a wagonmaker by trade but a wanderer over a large part of the (ireat West. Marshall had persuaded Sutter that it was high time for them to quit getting out the lumber which they needed by hewing and whipsawing and suggested that they build a sawmill. Accordingly Sutter sent Marshall to build a mill on the American river about 40 miles above the fort. By January. 1848, Marshall, working with a crew of ten or eleven .nen, had put a brush dam across the river, set up the frame and dug the mill race. The latter, however, was not deep enough and at nights Marshall let the water run through it to deepen the channel. On the historic morning of January 24 he went to inspect the mill race and noticed some glittering particles in the sand. It might be gold, or it might be only mica. Marshall, who knew something about the common tests for gobi, subjected the particles to these tests an<l as the result began to believe that he had actually discovered some of the precious metal. He does not seem to have been very much excited < ver it. however, for it was not until two or three days later that he made a trip back to the fort to tell Sutter. What took place then is n lated in Sutter’s diary as follows: A clerk was In Sutter’s office when Marshall entered ami after he had lett the foreman said to his employer, “Are you alone?’ “Yes,” replied Sutter. “Did you lock the door?” Sutter must have thought Marshall out of his mind but he replied calmly, “No, but I will do so if you wish it.” So he locked the door and Marshall then revealed the cause for his strange actions. The two men immediately set to work testing the metal, first with nitric acid, then by balancing it on scales with an equal weight of silver and placing the scales under water. In water, the gold dust, having more specific gravity than the siltei, pulled down the scales. There was no longer any doubt in their minds as to what these shining part ides were. That night Sutter, as he later said, “felt the curse of the thing upon him.” He and Marshall ag'-eed to keep the matter secret until they could finish the mill and until they could establish claim to the surrounding lamis. So Sutter called together the Indians who had a nomimd title to

characteristics as well as height, color, 1 shape of the head and quality of the hair. According to the findings of Doctor Adachi the Japanese have certain bones and muscles which are not found in persons of other races to so i marked a degree. The general makeup of a typical member of the yellow race shows that he is a superior being and has a bettor physique than representatives of other races. The doctor

cites the sternal muscle in the breast and the thenari longus in the palm of I the hand as among those whose lack i in many occidentals reveals their inferiority to the Japanese. Avoiding War I have as little superstition In me I as any man living, but my secret opinion has ever been and still Is, that God Almighty will not give up a poo- < pie to military destruction, or leave 1 them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and repeatedly

these lands and from them leased twelve squar® miles of the surrounding country. Then he sent an employee named Charles I’.ennett to Monterey to have the lease confirmed by Colonel Mason, the American military governor of < alifonda. Or the way Bennett, stopping nt Benicia, revealed the purpose of ids journey. Curiously enough, few who heard his story believed It and only a few went to the American river to Investigate. It remained for Sam Brannan, n Mormon elder who was a storekeeper nt Sutters fort, to give to the world the exciting news. In May Brannan collected a small b'4tle full of dust nmi set out for San Francisco, one morning the 7m odd Inhabitants of that little town were amazed to see Sam Brannan striding along Montcomerv street, waving his hat In one hand ami brandishing aloft a little bottle, filled with shining du-t In the other, ns ne shouted “(.old! Gold’. Gohl! from the Amerh n river. The result Is historx. In tl ■ rush that fol- . Joued San Fnindseo was almost de: opuhded. By lun- 2tw o miners wen* at work near the sawmill. now called Coloma. By July 4<mm. were there. Soldiers and sailors tles.rted from the government forces and joint'd with clerks, lawyers. doctors, merchants, Indians, Mexicans, Chinese all races and classes of men in the stampede to the gobi fiehls. A few months later the amazing news had reached the l ast ami Sutter soon saw a roaring title of humanity sweeping down upon his little empire. The earliest arrivals were of the better class and Sutler hail no trouble with them. 1 hey patronized his stores anil purchased nil of their supplies from him. But when the gobi lure drew to California an Influx of men from all corners of the earth th<>re came more bad men than good, who corrupted' his Indians with their deadly firewater am! infimmcml his hitherto faithful employees to desert him. Squatters settled on his lands and leered at his effort* to dislodge them. Hi* vineyards were trampled to the ground; his live stock Stolen, bis stores looted ami the improvements which he had made appropriated for the use of the maddt'ned gold seekers. The titles to his lands receive,! tinder the grants from the Mexican government were not respected ami Sutter appealed in vain to the American authorities. Be brought suit again-t more than 17.000 persons ami spent more than $2110,000 In prosecuting his claims. 1 rom being the greatest man in that countr- he found himself becoming the most hated ’> cause of the litigation in which he was involved, ami eventually that hatred resulted in the destruction of his home, the Hermitage, to which he had retired before the onrush of the argonams. After several years of litigation in which he was repeatedly defeated Sutter, the former ‘ king.’’ found himself a ruined man. The state of California granted him a pension of $250 a month but after receiving it for 11 years he voluntarily relinquished that bounty. In 1872 he sent his two daughters to Bethlehem, I’a., to enter a Moravian school :;nd later transferred them to another school in Lititz. T'here he made his home ami spent Ids declining years in numerous visits to Washington and futile attempts to secure justice from the fedm-al government, which he claimed bad allowed Idin to be robbed during the gold rush. There is an old Spanish proverb which says that “He who finds gobi will die in the almshouse.” For one proof of that, visit the little Moravian cemetery in I.ifitz. I’a. In it is buried Gen. Johann August Sutler. He died in Washington on June 17. ISSO, and he died in poverty. Or go out to California and in the hills of EI Dorado county you will find a country store and a post office in the midst of a cluster of deserted shops and houses. I his is ( oloma, now a community of less than 150 persons, the Coloma which once grew almost overnight into a < ity of 10,000. In the graveyard on a hillside is an enclosure in which stands a bronze statue of a man. one finger pointing to the place where California s gold was- first found ami it was erected by the State of California at a cost of SIO,OOO. It is the statue of James M ilssm Marshall, the man who found that gobi and who once declared that if he had realized what would result from that discovery, he would have hurled the gold dust info the forests and removed the sawmill which he was building so that other men would have no occasion to paks that way. For Marshall suffered the same treatment from the gold seekers that had been Sutter’s portion. California gave him a ptmsion of $1,200 a year, then / withdrew it because the legislature believed the money was spent in drink to which he had become addicted. In August, 18S5, live years after Sutter's death, a lonely, embittered, poverty-stricken old man died in a ramshackle hut in tlw dying town of Coloma. It was James W. Marshall, another “man whose gold ruined him. ’

sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every decent method which wisdom could invent. —Thomas Payne. One Should Be Enough A guest in a Junction City home recently was a comfortable looking person with h double chin, as Jennie S. Gwen tells it. After her departure, a member of the family made reference to the fact. 'Die small daughter of the house listened interestedly. ‘•Which chin does she use, mother,” she asked.—Capper’s Weekly.

Improved Uniform International Sunday School * Lesson ’ (By REV. P. B FITZWATER. D D . Dean Moody Bible Instlt ute of Chicago. > (©. 1829. Western Newspaper Union.V Lesson for October 27 THE CHRISTIAN’S VIEW OF REC REATION LESSON TEXT—Jer 31:12. 13. Zech. 8:15. Mark 2 18-28. Mark 6:30-32, John 2:1-11 GOLDEN IKXT —t am come tnat thev might have life and that thev । might have it more abundantly F’KIMAKY TOPIC —The Kight Wav to Play JUMOH TOPIC—rThe Kight Way to Pla v IN I EK.MEDIA I E AND SEMOK TOPIC— What Play Doe.- for Ls YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULT TOPIC— liecreation in Community Life. In the last lesson we saw that work was God's primal law tor man in work there is n certain breaking down ot cells which needs constant repair; therefore, in tinier that work may continue there must tie tecrea fioti. Kecreation means re-creation Failure to discern this trulli lias made <d recreation dissipation. In this light let us view the salient points in Ilie scripture selected for our study. I. The Coming Golden Age (Jer. 3:12. 131. Though Jeremiah was the weephig ; proptiei. and presented dark pictures of Israel's condition. God gave him u view of Isruel's golden uge. He made known how that through the mighty hand of God the chosen nation should be de!iv<>red from bomlage ami brought info their own bind where peace, prosperity ami glatfness should prevail. The source of all real ret* reutlon Is right relationship with God. Gotl is the source of all joy. Nothing so -powt'rfull^ atleots the physical organism in its renewnl as jov in God In this coming age the stiet'ts of the city will be safe tor old people ami for the children (Zech. 8:4. 5). 11. The Christian’s Relation to Fast.ng (Mark 2:1N23>. I. A question asked v. 1S). The very joyfulm*s of the discipie* ot Uhrist In contrast with the disciple-- of John and Ilie I’lmrisees. moved mi impdrv us to the reason The law ot Mose- only required, fast ii 2 nn the Dav of Atonenu nL Jolin Hie Baptist was In prison, therefore It Is clear ns to why his disciples were fasting 2. Uhrist s miswer (vv. Il». 20). He declared I hut the children ot the bride chamber could not fast ns long us they had the bridegroom with them. The |oy of present com panionship with Christ prevented their fasting. This shows that Uhrist is the real source of joy. He recog nized that when the bridegroom was absent, there was occasion for ; fasting. Christ 1s now away, therefore fasting Is permissible. In times of great need the early church fast ed. Before sending out the first mis slonnries they fasted and prayed (Acts 13:1, 2). More fasting and less I feasting would be helpful today In the ordination of Christian workers 111 Tht Christian’s Relation to the Sabbath (Mark 2:24-2s) The disciples were charged with lawlessness because they plucked ears of cori a* Diet walked through the field- <>n the Sabbath day. In < hrist’s detense against this charge. He 1. Cites a precedent (v 2(1). It wa* the case of David, their great king, who In time of need ate the • i shewbread which was only lawful for the priests. The principle set forth is that the higher law of human need J warranted David in doing this which i was out of tlie regular line of duty | and privilege. 2. Showed the nature of tbe Sabbath law (v. 27). Th< sabbath was made for man therefore its right use is determined by what it contributes to man's good The Sabbath should not be mans cruel master, hut his helpful servant. 3. Jesus is Lord of the Sabbath (v. 28). It was He who instituted it when creation was finished: therefore He i had the right to use it as it pleased j Him for man’s good. IV. The Need of a Vacation (Mark | 0:30-32). The tragic death ot John the Bap i fist had just occurred, ami the disj ciplps had just returned from a stren- ; nous missionary tour. Christ, perI ceiving their need, invited them to come apart with Him for a time of ! rest. It is a grave mistake to assume । that because we are engaged in the Lord’s work and the need is so uri gent that a vacation can lie dispensed I with. V. Jesus Attending a Wedding (Jolin 2:1-11). This is a striking sidelight on the spirit of Christ. A marriage feast was graced by His presence. In this act He set a mark of honor upon marriage, which is the most joyous of earth’s occasions. In this act mans holy Redeemer lifted the holy ordi nance of marriage ’nto its dignity and beauty. In the course of the feast, when the wine was exhausted. Up wrought Ilis. first miracle rather than have its festivities marred. How to Get Over Sorrow The host medicine for our own sor- ’ rows is tin l effort to heal the sorrows of some one (‘lse. Huwever heavy our personal trials may be, we shall forget our quarrel with life and with God if we will give ourselves steadily to the endeavor to make life brighter and fuller of comfort and blessing to others. — Philip Moxom. Behind the Ideal From my own standpoint, I s*eem to see that the highest ideal must grow remote and ineffective unless behind it there be the inspiration of faith in God and in His revelation consummated on Calvary, or of the meaning of self-sacrifice, or at the least of devoted service for others’ sake. —Archbishop of Canterbury.

?let Conmu 15 Fluid Bractg ^ Xe i Ln IW! I I HO Ahrlptulßrnjdyto M ' \» kossorsi.ter -J Children will fret, often for no iPijl* B apparent reason. But there’s al- | wavs one sure wav to comfort a ■ restless, fretful child. Castoria! Harmless as the recipe on the wrapper; mild and bland as it I=====^— tastes. But its gentle action ^-L soothes a youngster more surely understand. A coated tongue calls than some powerful medicine for a few drops to ward eft' constithat is meant for the stronger pation; so docs any suggestion of systems of adults. bad breath. Whenever children That’s the beauty of this special don’t eat well, don’t rest well, or children’s remedy! It may be have any little upset —this pure given the tiniest infant—as often vegetable preparation is usually as there is any need. In cases of all that’s needed to set everything colic, diarrhea, or similar disturb- to rights. Genuine Castoria has ance, it is invaluable. But it has Chas. H. Fletcher's signature on everyday uses all mothers should the wrapper. Doctors prescribe it. No Harm Godsend for Funny Men “Doctor. 1 dream constantly of golf.” A young scientist claims to have “How did you make out?” discovered a force that eliminates “Fine.” gravity. Many music hall comedians “Well, there's no harm in a man are said to be anxious to use it.—Lonplaying a little good golf in his sleep.” don Opinion. Hitting on All Eight!

Doctor Gives Hint I to Lucky Salesman I IT’S a wise man that knows I whenheisslipping.Mr.R.F. I Myers of 711 Rosedale Street, | Baltimore, had the good for- I tune to get his tip straight I from one of his doctor custom- I era (he was selling for a phar- I maceutical house) and since t that lucky visit he has increas- ‘ ed his business 50 per cent. For two years he had been driving from town to town, and naturally this threw his elimination out of shape. He felt himself slipping. Cathartics only made him worse. Then one day he was calling on a wise old physician, and asked his advice. “What you need, my boy,” said the doctor, “is a simple, easy, normal way to clean the poisons out of your system —we all have them — and with vour kind of work they certainly cut down efficiency. Why don’t you try Nujol?” “Well, believe it or not,” says Mr. Myers, “in a few days I felt like a new man. ‘What's got into you?’ Monsters The real monsters abroad today, as always, are prejudice and intolerance. —Woman's Home Companion. Up to the last ten years of old age we act as if we expected to be here on earth always.

few C - •J& - J Unnecessary / a Pain! Nowadays, people take Bayer Aspir- 1 \ in for many little aches and pains, ffSSfOgk and as often as they encounter any , A ■' C pain. Why not? It is a proven antidote for pain. It works! And Bayer Aspirin tablets are 3nM utterly harmless. You have the igg medical profession’s word for that; JMW they do not depress the heart. So, don’t let a cold “run its course.” Don’t wait for a head- Y ou always turn to Bayer Aspirache to “wear off.” Or regard “ f° r re ^fneuralgia, neuritis, or even rheum- Bayer Aspirin is always availatism as something you must en- able, and it always helps. Famildure. Only a physician can cope iarize yourself with its many uses, with the cause of such pain, but and avoid a lot of needless suffering. BAYER ASPIRIN Aspirin is the trade mark of Bayer Manufacture of Monoaceticacidester of Salicylicadd — """" — —“—" Z Try this treatment for pimples! ( f > ANOINT WITH Cuticura Ointment \ U J After a while bathe gently with / y / Cuttcura Soap i an ^ waler ‘ ' 1 You will find nothing better for soothing and healing all forms of skin troubles. » Ointment 25c. and 50c. Soap 25c. Talcum 25c. S ‘ Sample each free. >7, Maideo, Mast.

I— 1 • >lk * I < x - k - w| lift- . t Jr’ asked the home office, *your business has increased 50 per cent'.’ ” That’s the great thing about Nujol. As soon as it begins to clean the poisons out of your system it makes you feel so well that you can almost always do a much better job. Nujol is not a medicine and contains no drugs. It is perfectly harmless, forms no habit. It is simply bodily lubrication, which everybody needs. You, like everybody else! Why put off good health any longer? Go into any good drug store and get a bottle of Nujol in a sealed package. Costs so little and means so much! Maybe you can increase your efficiency 50 per cent too Still With U« “What has become of the end seat hog?” “He drives in the middle ot the road.” —Louisville Courier Journal. Knowledge enables one to put forces outside of himself into operation and reap the benefits.