Walkerton Independent, Volume 54, Number 15, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 6 September 1928 — Page 7

HISTORIC COLONIALIOWN to Livd Again z ^*v.

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m. ■ ' - -S J® -i Wnitamsburg's Ancient Jail 4 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

HEY'RE turning the clock back two centuries in Williamsburg, Va. Within two years this “Cradle of the United States” will be restored to as nearly an exact replica of the thriving colonial town of the Seventeenth century that Jt once was, as is possible for an almost unlimited amount of money to make that p< ssible. By that time approximately $5,000,000 will have been spent in the renaissance of the historic capital of

the state of Virginia, and for probably the first time in modern history a whole living city will have been turned into a museum of the glorious past where Americans can catch the atmosphere of a romantic era that has gone forever. Over an area of something like a mile square all that is new will be removed and all that is old put back as nearly as possible as It was 150 years ago. Modern buildings are to be done away with wholesale, and public and private house of the olden days are to be replaced in cases where they have not been spared by time. Back of this amazing transformation is the story of the vision of two men, a minister and a philanthropist. The minister Is Rev. William A. R. Goodwin, rector of the Bruton Parish church, the oldest Episcopal church in continuous existence in America, and a member of the faculty a» dhe College of William and Mary, the second oldest Institution of higher learning in this country. He originated the idea. The philanthropist Is John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who Is supplying the money necessary for the restoration and who is giving Doctor Goodwin a free hand in directing the restoration Although Williamsburg la a small city (its population probably never exceeded the present figure of some 2,000), it is doubtful if there is any other town in America with which there have been associated so many historic names. In its streets have trod such notables as Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, John Marshall, Patrick Henry Benjamin Franklin, George Rogers Clark, Franklin, Rochambeau, Lafayette, George Mason, George Wythe, the Randolphs, the Lees and a host of others whose names are a part of our colonial and Revolutionary war history. The site of Williamsburg was originally known as the Middle Plantations and in 1632 Sir Francis Nicholson, at various times governor of Virginia, Maryland and Acadia, laid out a town there and named It in honor of King William. His first intention wai to honor his sovereign by laying out the streets in the form of a monogram of W and M, but two ravines Interfered with his purpose. So the town was laid out along a main street which he named Duke of Gloucester street, honoring the short-lived prince, Queen Anne’s eldest son, and two parallel streets he named Francis and Nicholson, honoring himself! Cross streets were named Nassau, King, Palace and Queen streets and the parallelogram bounded by these streets marks the area of the present restoration. In 1693 there was built at the west end of Duke of Gloucester street the College of William and Mary and chartered by the joint sovereigns of England after whom it was named. At that time a building designed by the famous Sir Christopher Wren was already standing, as was the Bruton Parish church. In 1699 the government of the colony of Virginia, which then extended to the Mississippi river, was moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg and the day of Williamsburg’s glory began. At the other end of Duke of Gloucester street was erected the first building in the United States officially designated “Capitol,” which was the seat of the council and the burgesses of the colony from 1701 until the upheaval at the opening of the Revolution resulted in the house of burgesses being officially dissolved and the legislators went down the street to the Apollo room in the Raleigh tavern. Besides the capitol and the college, the most

Secure Valuable Old Maps From England

Richmond, Va.—Photostat copies of >ur maps of colonial Virginia, includ,ag one of Williamsburg dated 1699, and believed to be the oldest map of that town in existence, and another showing the tribal seats of two of the Indian chiefs, Opechancanough and Tatapootamoy on the Paraunkey river, have just been obtained from England by Maj. B. H. Baylor. If the map of Williamsburg is found

Es is if t 89g ’ Jficholson street in. old ‘Williamsburg Important building in colonial times was the governor's palace which stood at the head of the “Palace Green,” a broad avenue running north from Duke of Gloucester street. The rebuilding of the palace presents a particular difficulty, for no picture exists which shows a complete view of It in its original or enlarged form. It was begun in 1705 and completed during the governorship of Col. Alexander Spotswood, founder of the romantic “Order of the Golden Horseshoe." About 1751 it was reconstructed on a more spacious scale. This was during the governorship of Robert Dinwiddie —the Dinwiddie who sent a certain young Major George Washington on the mission to the French on the Ohio river which led to his taking part in the Braddock tragedy and the Fort Necessity adventure. The next occupant of the palace after Din widdie was Francis Fauquier of whom Thomas Jefferson, then a young student at the college, was a prime favorite, not only with the governor but with the belles of Williamsburg as well. Another participant in tlie gay social festivities at the palace was George Washington, who dined there with Lord Dunmore, the last British governor of Virginia, before the break came between the colonies and the mother country. When that break carne “My Lord Dunmore” collected his men, went to the Powder Horn (built by Colonel Spotswood in the Market square and still standing), took the colony's supply of powder and muskets and silently stole on board ship under cover of night. Whereupon a certain Patriik Henry (who had already heard the cries of “Treason! Treason!” shouted at certain utterances of his), led a party of militia from Hanover, King William, New Kent and Charles City counties to demand the arms back again. He didn’t get them, but he did force from the governor a payment of 320 pounds for the munitions, which he took with him to Philadelphia later and deposited in the treasury of the Continental congress. And after Dunmore had finally fled the colony it was Patrick Henry who occupied the palace as governor. To him in 1778 came another young Virginian, George Rogers Clark, to lay before him his daring scheme for conquering the vast region of the Old Northwest. History has recorded how well Clark succeeded but it is not so well known that his vanquished enemy, Gov. Henry Hamilton, the “Hair Buyer General of Detroit,” after the surrender at Vincennes, was sent to Williamsburg as a prisoner of war and was confined in the old jail there which still stands, having done its duty as a prison for more than 200 years. In this prison, too. were confined some of the associates of the notorious pirate, Black Beard, who were executed in 1718. It is interesting to note, by the way, that these pirates were contributors (unwillingly probably) to the cause of higher learning, for on the account books of the College of William and Mary stands the fact that 300 pounds of the original subscriptions for founding the college are credited to “certain pirates!” Not far from the old jail stands the poor debtors’ prison, almost abutting on the First National bank. The building, originally known te the colonists as “Bedlam,” the first hospital for insane people in the United States, stands on Francis street. Three generations of the Galt family, all physicians, served as chief medical officers of the insane hospital, over an unbroken period of a century. One of the famous buildings of Williamsburg, the Raleigh tavern, wak destroyed by fire in 1859. It is to be restored. The “ordinary” in this tavern was operated in colonial times by Henry Wetherburn, whose wares were so favorably

to be the oldest of that town in existence, it is believed that it will be of material value in the projected restoration of Williamsburg. The map showing the headquarters i of the two Indian chiefs is a chart of the York and Pamunkey rivers, dated 1671. The seat of Opechancanough Is located on the north bank of the Pamunkey about 25 miles above Its junction with the Mattaponl.

About two miles higher up, and on the same side of the river, is a large Indian fort, while five miles below is the seat of Chief Tatapootomay. Major Baylor and Dr. H. J. Eckenrode, Richmond historian, plan to visit the site shortly with a view to investigating it for Indian remains. Doctor Eckenrode said that Opechancanough at one time had his tribal seat at the junction of the Pamunkey and Mattaponl, and is of the opinion that he occupied the site shown on the map later on, perhaps about the

/ v/^* .s>4 \ * W «wLV I ' 4- T XI > I ©W 4 INTtRNATIONAk Ob H D. Photw el ler, Jr; ■^rg’v^jSLJSwmHMraMKßlg^ JIMKhMMPh i«S g® yWt SL« > DjEMSMb latfSEsar BM* ,j ' * PFRj^WF ■« ‘I ^- ; . I &. CT Martha Washington’s Kitchen known that William Randolph sold 200 acres of land to Thomas Jefferson's father for "Henry Wetherhurn’s biggest bowl of arrack'punch." Raleigh tavern was twice used as an assembly place for the house of burgesses, when the royal governor dissolved the nssend»ly for discussing disloyal petitions and resolutions, Including the decision to set tfside a day for fasting and prayer in 1774 when news of the blockade of Boston harbor was receive^!. Raleigh tavern was the birthplace of the Phi Bfta Kappa, the first chapter of the well-known scholastic fraternity being established there on December 5. 1776. The little old colonial courthouse on the court green still stands. On the north side of the court green Is the colonial home of Edmund Randolph, who was secretary of state and attorney general in Washington's cabinet. Near it Is the Peachy house, headquarters of Rochambeau Just before the battle of Yorktown, and also the building in which General Lafayette was entertained when he revisited America. Close to it stands the Griffin house on the Duke of Gloucester street where lived Judge Cyrus Griffin, a member of the Continental congress. The tine colonial brick home of George Wythe on the east side of the palace green, beside the Bruton Parish churchyard, remains as it stood when Washington and Lafayette together planned the battle of Yorktown there. It was built In 1755 and its owner twenty years later, George Wythe, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Tazewell hall, the birthplace of Edmund Randolph, also remains practically as it was long before the Revolution. Its interior finish is of solid mahogany. The home of another member of the Randolph family, Peyton Randolph, first president of the Continental congress, is not far distant. The Tucker house, in which the wife of John Randolph lived before her marriage, and a fine example of early colonial design in the Blair house, also remains. Bassett hall, one of the finest ancient buildings in the town, stands at the end of a long lane of trees. It was the property of Burwell Bassett, whose uncle, George Washington, was frequently a visitor. The great-grandfather of Martha Washington is buried in the Burton Parish churchyard. In IS4I Vice President John Tyler was living at Bassett hall when the son of Secretary of State Daniel Webster galloped down the long lane of trees to bring him the news of the death of President Harrison and of his own succession. The house stands in a park of several hundred acres of woodland. The home of Col. Wilson Miles Cary, a delegate to the Virginia convention in 1776, was frequently visited by Washington when he was studying surveying at William and Mary college^ a short walk away. It is said that the parents of Mary Cary discouraged the inconspicuous engineer’s wooing of their daughter, and that Mary fainted on the porch of this house some years later when she was the wife of Edward Ambler and General Washington rode past on his triumphal return from his victory over Gen. Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown. Mary's sister was the wife of Lord Fairfax. Besides the wealth of colonial residences, Williamsburg still possesses many other old public buildings. In William and Mary college stand three excellent examples. The hall, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, is the oldest college building in America, antedating Massachusetts hall at Harvard. The Wren building was ravaged three times by fire but its thick walls remained. Its architectural design is almost as it was originally. In this building George Washington studied and received his certificate as a surveyor, and it also housed three other Presidents, Jefferson, Monroe and Tyler, and the great first chief justice of the United States, John Marshall, in their student days. The foundations of the first theater in America, built in 1716, are to be used again for erecting a new building as a replica of the original. The theater contributed to the gaiety and fashionable life for which Williamsburg was known when it was the Old Dominion capital. At the other end of the Duke of Gloucester street, facing the college nearly a mile away, stands the original little office of the clerk of the house of burgesses, in which the inomentom legislative acts of the prerevolutionary period were engrossed. It was a familiar working place for many of the orators and statesmen whose names are forever linked with American inde pendence.

time of the Indian massacre of 1644. The other two maps are military charts. One shows Fort Cumberland on the north branch of the Potomac in what is now Maryland, and is dated 1755. The other shows all the western frontier forts in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey, and is dated 1756. The maps were secured from the British public record office in London at a nominal sum, after Major Baylor had learned that it had maps of Colonial Virginia.

Good Plant Cover Prevents Erosion Field With Growing Crop Does Not “Wash” as Seriously as Others. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) It is well known that a good plant cover checks erosion of the soil, that a pasture, meadow, or a field well covered with a growing crop does not “wash" as seriously as one planted, for example, to corn or cotton, in which the crop does not fully cover the ground. On the western ranges preservation of a good cover of herbaceous and shrubby plants on rough ground used for grazing is particularly necessary. The forest service of the United States Department of Agriculture has given particular attention to the effects of plant growth in checking erosion, and the present policy of issuing grazing permits is designed to insure the preservation of such a cover through prevention of । overgrazing. Va'ue of Grasses. Clarence L. Forsling of the forest service, says, "The value of grasses and other low-growing plants for protecting watersheds may not be easily recognized because of the somewhat obscure manner In which such plants check surface run-off and erosion. The vegetation Intercepts a small part of the falling rain before it reaches the ground. The decaying plant material adds to or at least maintains the humus content, and consequently the water-holding capacity, of the soil. The roots open up the soil to some extent, and thus help the water to penetrate into the ground. The J stems and leaves near the ground form | physical obstructions to water as it runs down billsides, reducing its ve- i lodty and increasing the chances of I Its being absorbed by the soli. The re- I duetion of velocity and volume of ! run-off and the binding power of the : roots check erosion. Maintain Grazing Capacity. "Under average conditions, where the cover has not already been reduced, grazing practice that will maintain the highest grazing capacity will I also maintain the plant cover in a I condition for satisfactory protection of j the watershed.” Weed Worse Than Quack Combated by Plowing I Leafy spurge Is slowly Invading • South Dakota and it Is worse than j quack grass or sow thistle. This is i the statement made ■‘ecently by Dr. Arthur T. Evans, head of the botany and plant pathology department at South Dakota State college, when a farmer brought a sample of the weed to his office. The weed may be combated by plowing it up three or four times each summer for at least three summers. Leafy spurge Is a yellow-ish-green weed ami grows in patches i about three feet high. The farmer said his neighbor had a 35-acre field taken by the weed and that the township board was going to force him to exterminate the plant. Doctor Evans warned the farmer that if the patch was not killed the whole farm and adjoining ones would soon be worthless. Up-to-Date Information on Planting Soy Beans Bulletin 310 of the Illinois station at Urbana contains the best up-to-date information on soy bean?. It tells all about planting soy beans, the varieties to use, and how so harvest. A map of Illinois is printed In the bulletin indicating that soy beans are most extensively grown in eastern and southern Illinois. For the state as a whole the acreage Is only over 700,000. In other words soy beans are grown as extensively In Illino^ as wheat is grown in lowa. Because of the fact that soy beans are so popular in Illinois the Illinois bulletin should be especially worth while. >• >• >; >; >; >; >: >: >: >: >: >: X>l>l>l>l>l >1 >1 >IX >IX >1 * $ Farm Notes > > > >; > >: x x x >i >' > >1 > x >: x >1 Half the sugar is lost from corn | during the first 24 hours after the ears are pulled. • • • The food value of eggs has no relation to the color of the shells. Browns or whites are the same inside. • • • Ants may be exterminated In lawn or garden by driving a rod down into the nest and pouring boiling water. In which potatoes have been boiled, down into the hole. Lye water also Is effective. • • • The Jersey Black Giant probably Is the largest of the American breeds. The standard weights are 13 pounds for the cock. 10 pounds for the hen. 11 pounds for cockerel and S pounds for the pullet. • • • It costs a great deal less to produce 100 pounds of milk from heavy yielding cows than from cows producing smaller amounts. • • * Do not take the laying mash away from hens as it will check production and cause early molting. Keep plenty of fresh, clean water in front of the flock at all times. • • * Chiggers are sometimes serious pests on little chicks. They cannot, however, tolerate flowers of sulphur. Sprinkling it in the down or feathers and an application in the grass where the chicks run will soon check them. • * • Weeds must be annihilated without mercy even if the weather is too hot for comfort. If no weeds are permitted to go to seed in the lawn or garden, there will be fewer to fight next year. • • * Spray the cows daily for greater milk production. When cows are fighting flies, standing in streams or running through brush they are not filling up on pasture or chewing their cud contentedly and making milk.

I fils Forget last year’s jelly failures This year you have REXEL always this never this PEXEL jells all fruits. Requires less boiling. Obtains more jelly. Does not change the most delicate flavor or color of any fruit

EVEN if you’ve had a dozen failures—or if you never made jelly before — you can make jellies successfully with Pexel. Just add it to fruit juice and bring to full boil. Then add sugar. Bring to vigorous boil once more. Take kettle from range. Skim. Pour into glasses. That’s all— it will be jelled as soon as it is cool. When you use Pexel, its price —3oc—is repaid from one to three times. Time and fuel are saved. You make more jelly because fruit juice, sugar and flavor are not wasted by prolonged boiling. Pexel is a 100% pure-fruit product. It is absolutely colorless,

By Your Leave The following Is a bishop’s description of the kind of preaching sometimes addressed to fashionable congregations: “Brethren, unless you repent, In a measure, and be converted, as It were, you will, I regret to say, be damned to some extent." — Churchman. Progress in Reverse “How’s your wife coming on with her reducing?” “Not so good. Every time she loses j a pound she celebrates by eating a big meal and gains two.” “WORTH WEIGHT J GOLD” Verdict of Woman Who Tried Pinkham’s Compound Tully, N. Y.—“lt hurt me to walk or ait down without help and I felt —i gick and weak. O:mother-in-law took Lydia Vegetable Compound and she induced me to /•Al. take it. I am now on the fourth bottle and have also used Lydia E' I’inkham's Sanative Wash. ■ '■ The medicines that will do for me what the Vegetable Compound and Sanative Wash have done are certainly worth their weight in gold. I think I have given them a fair trial and I expect to take two more bottles of the Vegetable Compound.”—Mrs. Charles Morgan, R. F. D. 1, Tully, N. Y.

j wan "i * । J If g —— I . II j Vh wk It I | nl 3: < Closed > nil dresvelope t—fit ——7 Here is something new and useful to protect and * 'FT' —Tfik * to * n perfect condition both ladies’ and I i I tK gentlemen's wearing apparel. It is convenient I | f Uwl for overn 'ght. weekend or motor trips t«ecause it 1— 11 Ba is easy to carry when folded and avoias wrinkling '■ 45 of garments when packed in a trunk or suitcase. 1 \ u The DRESVELOPE is Dust Proof ar.d Moisture Proof... use it in your wardrobe! »* . i •/s ; i:(Open) Price 35c each, 3 for SI.OO < 2:Fotded Manufactured by GENERAL APPLIANCE CORP., SAN FRANCISCO I GENERAL APPLIANCE CORP.. Dept-"D” I For Sale at I 120 Eighth St.. San Francisco, Calif. | Department Stores Enclosed fied $ for which p!ei»e send me . If Tyepartment Store I DRESVELOPE (S) postpaid. ’ can £ ot >ou I I I Name I I Street I USE THIS I City (C) ! 1 ^COUPON । 1 ZC n^’.’v rame c>f department etore urable'to supply wt I

tasteless, odorless. It is a powder, not a liquid. Keeps indefinitely. Just as effective in any season with bottled juices or unsweetened canned fruits. Get Pexel at your grocer’s. Only 30c. Recipe booklet with easy-to-follow directions in every package. The Pexel Company, Chicago, HL Here are a few examples of how much jelly Pexel makes: 4Vi cups strawberry juice, Pexel, 8 cups sugar make 11 glasses of jelly. 4Vz cups raspberry juice, Pexel, 8 cups sugar make 11 glasses of jelly. 6 cups currant juice, Pexel. 10 cups sugar make 14 glasses of jelly. 4Vz cups grape juice, Pexel, 7 cups sugar make 10 glasses of jelly.

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Suspension Bridge Action The action of the suspension bridge is that of a rope spanning between supports; for any load it finds the appropriate curve of equilibrium and is stable in that position. But as the adjustment to varying position of load results from change of curve, the roadway hung from the cable distorts —that is, the bridge is very flexible, it therefore may swing. For Galled Horses Hanford's Balsam of Myrrh Money back for first bottle if not suited. AH dealers. Agents Wanted to Represent Perfume House; good proposition to right men; permanent Income assured; for full particulars apply. Bauman Products C0..630 S.Wabash Ave.. Chicago. 256—1 and 2 Year Old Steers and Heifers, sorted in even sixes in carload lots. WL 500 to 1.000 lbs. 2 loads calves. HARRY I. BALL. FAIRFIELD. IOWA. Cost $3,000 Four Months Ago. Will Take $550 for All. Beautiful 3-piece parlor suite; S-piece walnut dining room suite; 4-piece walnut bedroom set complete, with spring and mattress; library table; 5-piece breakfast set; silverware; lamp; two 9x12 Wilton rugs. Must be seen to be appreciated. Will separate. Will arrange for delivery. §32 Leland Avenue, one block east of Sheridan Road. Chicago. 111. Phone Sunnyside 6159. AGENTS WANTED—4O to SCr commission. Box assortment and personal Christmas cards. Write for details. Department A. ARTISTIC CARD COMPANY. Elmira. N. Y. Guaranteed Salary and Commissions selling new deal to merchants in th s state. Position is permanent. We teach you how to sell successfully. Address Iltco. Cedar Rapids. la. Women Agents Wanted—Make 125 to 359 weekly selling Vtrex. the wonderful new remedy for women. Best seller this year. Write for Free selling plan and literature. Vtrex laboratories. 720 ( aw St.. Chicago. 111. 1/^0 SWISSCO HAIR TREATMENT XUS 7 J Restores Color to Faded Hair. \ ( Removes Dandruff. Stops Falling mCyjs. * / Mt Hair. Mekes Hair Grow. - Kv and SI .20. At druggists or direct. s-SmSS— Swmcs Hair Treatneit Ca., Caoeaan. Otoe