Walkerton Independent, Volume 54, Number 10, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 2 August 1928 — Page 2

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By ELMO SCOTT WATSON

HE coming of August—“ August, America’s Month of Battles,” it ha? been called because so many' dramatic and important engagements in our history have been fought during that month—brings the anniversaries of two famous massacres which offer an interesting study in “historic parallels.” In both cases the commander of a fort, putting his

faith in the word of an enemy, led out from the shelter of its log walls his little garrison of men, women and children, who were set upon by a horde of savages, who killed until the waters in I the lake, on whose shores the fort stood, figuratively ran red. In both eases the commander >realized fully the danger into which he was leading his people and in both cases he was compelled to evacuate by orders from his superior officer. And upon the heads of these “superior” officers —who were certainly incompetent or stupid, if •not actually cowardly—the blood of the unfortunate victims whom they sent to their deaths must rest until history finds some new facts to absolve their guilt. The two massacres were those which took place at Fort William Henry on the shores of Lake George in New York on August 9, 1757, and at Fort Dearborn on the shores of Lake Michigan in Illinois on August 15, 1812. Fort William Henry was built in 1755 by Sir William Johnson, the gallant Irish-American baronet, W’ho won the powerful Iroquois confederacy of Indians to the side of England in her struggle with France for possession of North America. It was the base of his operations during the futile campaign of 1755 against the French, was abandoned when winter came, repaired again the next spring and was again the base for General Winslow’s equally futile campaign against the French at Crown Point in 1756. When the campaign of 1757 opened, Fort William Henry, which had again been repaired and strengthened, was the most advanced British post in the direction of Canada and was the one which would bear the brunt of the attack by an army of 8,000 men which the able French general, Marquis de Montcalm, was preparing to launch against it. In the face of this threat, the earl of Loudon, British commander in chief, had weakened the possibility of resisting Montcalm’s attack by sending a large part of the British and Colonial forces on a useless and doomed-to-failure expedition against Louisbourg in Nova Scotia. Fort William Henry was held by Lieutenant Colonel Monro with a force of 2,140 men. Eighteen miles away his superior officer, Gen. Daniel Webb, held Fort Edward with an army pf 6,000, {but, although Webb knew in advance of Montcalm’s plans, he made no attempt to summon the colonial militia to his aid and even when he learned from his scouts that the French general was concentrating his forces at Ticonderoga, he made no attempt to concentrate his own forces at either William Henry or at Edward. Montcalm appeared before Fort William Henry on August 4 and after the usual formal demand for its surrender, which was refused, opened fire upon it with his battery of 12 and 18-pounders. For five days Monro held out gallantly against the superior forces and the superior artillery of the enemy, hoping all the time that Webb would “march to the sound of the guns.” But no help eame. The fort was being pounded to pieces, his garrison was weakened by sickness as well as by death from the Frenchman’s artillery, and half of his cannon had been rendered useless. On the morning of August 9 Montcalm planted his heaviest guns within such close range that further resistance would have been futile. So Monro was forced to surrender with the honors of war. Under the terms of the capitulation the garrison of Fort William Henry was to march out, unarmed but retaining their personal belongings, and to be escorted to Fort Edward, after giving their promise not to serve in the British army again for eighteen months. As a token of their

Egyptian Statues Found by Excavators'

Digging GO feet beneath a tourist headquarters at Sakkhara, Egypt, the । expedition of the Metropolitan Mu |seum of Art has unearthed a number jof stone sphynxes and statues. The building stood close to the ruins of the temple of Queen Hatshepsut, and was recently vacated so that archeologists might explore the site. The istone sculpture, roughly broken, dates back to the Sixteenth century, B. C.,

brave defense, the chivalrous Frenchman allowed them to take along one piece of artillery, a sixpounder. Unfortunately they left in the fort a supply of liquor and the Indians, who swarmed into the forF as the garrison left it, found this .“firewater.” Their thirst for blood aroused by the stubborn defense of the garrison during the siege and maddened by the liquor, the Indians gathered in a threatening mass along the column of marching English. One of the most vivid descriptions of what then took place is found in a classic in American literature, J. Fenimore Cooper's “The Last of the Mohicans." Although that book is fiction, there is probably an element of truth in the dramatic scene in which he depicts an Indian attempting to steal a shawl from one of the women, who wrapped her baby in it. whereupon the savage seized the child, dashed its head against a rock and then tomahawked the mother. From that point Copper continues: At that dangerous moment, Magua placed his hands to his mouth, and raised the fated and appalling whoop. The scattered Indians start'd at the well-known cry, as coursers bound at the signal to quit the goal: and directly there arose sue), a yell along the plain, and through the arches- of the weeds as seldom burst from human lips before. They who heard it, listened with curdling horror at the heart, little inferior to that dread which may be expected to attend the blasts of the final summons.,. More than two thousand raving savages broke from the forest at the signal, and threw themselves across the fatal plain with instinctive alacrity. We shall n<^t dwell on the revolting horrors that succeeded. Death was everywhere, and in his most terrific find disgusting asu- cts. Resistance only served to inflame the murderers, who inflicted their furious blows long after their victims were beyond the power of their resentment. The flow of blood might be likened to the outbreak of a torrent, and as the natives became heated and maddened by the sight, many among them even kneeled to the earth and drank freely, exultlngly, hellishly of the crimson tide. The trained bodies of troops threw themselves quickly into solid masses, endeavoring to awe their assailants by the imposing appearance of a military front. The experiment in some measure succeeded, though far tbo many suffered their unloaded muskets to be torn from their hands, in the vain hope of appeasing the savages. To the credit of the French commander it must be said that he did all in his power to restrain the Indians. At the risk of their lives, he and members of his staff threw themselves between the savages and their victims and he immediately summoned his Frerich regulars who stopped the massacre. But before that could be accomplished more than fifty of the English, including some of the wounded men who lay in a temporary hospital, were killed and scalped, and some two hundred were carried away into captivity by the Indians who took them to Montreal to be ransomed. Not all of the two hundred survived, however, for, according to one authority, some perished at the stake and as a final touch to the horrors of the Fort William Henry massacre, one band, called the Gold County Cannibals, roasted some of their prisoners and ate them. So the exact loss of the English on that fateful day will never be exactly known, although it is certain that Cooper's statement that “between 500 and 1,500 fell in this unhappy affair" is an exaggeration, as is often the case with the creator of “Leatherstocking.” Aside from the fact that the Fort William Henry massacre was one of the most tragic events in American history, it was also a significant one. For France’s failure to control her savage allies, as illustrated by this instance, nerved the colonists to the resolution to resist to the utmost an enelmy which used such allies and in the long run that resolution contributed to the downfall of the French power on this continent. Fort Dearborn, whose log walls were to be the genesis of the second largest city in the United States and the metropolis of mid-America, was built in 1803 by Capt. John Whistler of the United States regular army, in line with the government's policy of establishing posts on the new western

when Queen Hatshepsut was overthrown by Thutmose 111. By the new’ king’s orders, all statues of the fallen queen were ordered mutilated and smashed, and the beautifully carved, smiling faces of the queen were thoroughly battered by workmen wherever they found representations of her. QI the various statues found in the quarry underneath the tourist resthouse, only two have been restored to their

। original state. These are red granite statues about 8 feet high. — Use of Gas in War .The War department says that Germany has been credited with the first use of gas in the World war. Gas had been used In previous wars. The first instance in the World war on record when gas was released by the German military forces was on April 22, 1915, at 4:30 p. m„ on the Belguim front between Bixschoote and Langemarch, north of Ypres.

frontier to protect the wave of settlement which was sure to follow the Louisiana Purchase. In ISIO Capt. Nathan Heald took command of the post and within a short time began hearing alarming reports of the activities of the great Shawnee chief. Tecumseh, who was dreaming the ohl dream of Pontiac of uniting all the Indian tribes to wipe out the white Invaders of their lands. In June, 1812, the United States went to war with Great Britain and Tecumseh, temporarily foiled by the defeat of his boasting brother, the Prophet, at Tippecanoe, cast his lot with the British, which meant savage warfare on the northwestern frontier. On July 2!* Gen. William Hull, commander of the ,U. S. fort nt Detroit and Heald's superior officer, sent tin order to Heald to evacuate the post, destroy all surplus arms and ammunition, but to give the goods in the 1 nited ; States factory there to the friendly Indians | around the post and proceed at once to bort Wayne. Ind. It .was this Hull, bo it remembered, j whose blunderinu and general incompetence was so soon to lead to the surrender of. Detroit to | the British General Bro< k without tiring a shot in its defense. Heald's force nt the time the order from Hull * was received on August S consisted of I regulars and 12 militia. Various hostile acts committed t>y Indians around the post during the preceding months indicated that the ab.imlonmetu of the fort and the march to I'ort Wayne would boa dangerous undertaking. when*as i he remaine I. lie emdd no doubt count upon help from militia, ( which the governors of Illinois an 1 Indiana would raise, should the Indians attack. But Hull's orders wore positive and left nothing to Healds di-cre-tion. Being a soldier, he could do nothing but ebtyv. So preparations were made for the evacuation of the fort on August 1". <>n ti e previous day the goods In the factory were distributed among the Indians with the understan ling that In return for these goods they were to protect the garrison on its retreat. According to orders Heald had destroyed the surplus arms and a large stock of rnpior. It was disappointment over loss ot these which is believed to have invited the In- i dians to the attack the next day. (>n the other hand, to have given the sullen tribesmen the liquor and arms would have insured the destruction I of the whites, so in either case the garrison of Fort Dearborn was doomed. While preparations for the evacuation were tak- , Ing place, Uapt. William Wells, a famous scout ! and an uncle of Mrs. Heald, had arrived from ■ Fort Wayne with a small force of friend'y Miami Indians to help guard the retreating garrison. When the march started the next morning. Wells and his Indians led the advance to guard against the treachery which he felt sure would follow. In fact. Black Partridge, a friendly Pottawatomie chief, had warned Heald on August 14 that “linden birds had been singing in his ears and the white men should be careful on the march they were about to make.’’ But it was too late then to turn back and. even though fearing the worst, Heald determined to go on. A mile and a half from the fort the Indians, hidden among the sand hills, attacked the head of the column. Wells’ Miamis tied at the first fire. Heald succeeded in rallying his soldiers and charged with bayonet, driving the Indians back. At the rear of the column the savages had attacked the wagons bearing the women and children which were guarded by the militia, who were cut down to a man. Captain Wells, who had ridden back to the wagons to save his niece, was shot down and killed, fighting to the last. But he was only one of several heroes, both men and women, who perished that day after fighting desperately until the tomahawks of the savages cut them down. Surrounded by the Indians, who outnumbered his force nearly ten to one, there was but one thing left for Captain Heald to do to stop the slaughter. That was to surrender and that he did to Black Bird, the principal Pottawatomie chief. In the brief conflict 25 regulars, 12 militia, 2 women and 12 children were killed or so desperately wounded that they died later. Many' others, including Captain Heald himself, were also seriously wounded. Some of the yvounded prisoners w'ere saved by the Indians only to meet a more terrible fate titan captivity. For, as was the case at Fort William Henry, the massacre was followed by an infernal orgy of torture in the Indian camp. The most of the prisoners were carried away to Indian villages or to Canada and were later ransomed. Today a monument marks the spot where the Fort Dearborn massacre took place. It stands at the foot of Eighteenth street, near the lake, in Chicago. Topping it is a scene of one of the most thrilling scenes in the massacre— the friendly' chief, Black Partridge, staying the hand of an Indian who is attempting to tomahawk Mrs. Helm, the young wife of Lieutenant Helm.

Keep Books From Sunlight Bookcases should be so arranged that at no time oi the day will direct sunlight shine on their contents, If has a distinctly harmful effect upon the bindings. Relief Corps Older The Woman’s Belief Corps ot the Grand Army of the Republic was organized in 1883. The Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic was or ganlzed Id Chicago, September, 1882-

v SEDANS on th^ maJtkjet 1 2,000,000 WILLYS-OVERLAKD CARS AND GOING STRONG f / \V—’A with quality,beauty and style dominating io In definite dollar-for-dollar value there are no 4-door enclosed cars on the market comparable to the Whippet Four and W'hippet Six Sedans. // The perfected Whippet Four offers such desirable A ^ caturcs as f° rce "f ce< l lubrication, silent timfOUR ® i nR c ; ia i n<> extra leg room and powerful 4-wheel X 1 brakes. The new Whippet Six, in addition to A these, provides a 7-bearing crankshaft, Invar- £ strut pistons and many other advantages. A Such notable values as these Sedans are •** H possible only becauscofthe skill and ex- S qt perience gained in the production of v % more than 2,000,000 motor cars. / ’^/hippet ^IXE, Four-cylinder Touring $ 155; Roadster (2-pass.) $ 485; Roadster (with rumble seat) $525; Coach $535; Coupe $535; Cabriolet Coupe (with collapsible top) $595. Whippet Six Touring $615; Roadster $685; Coupe $695, Coach $695. All prices f. o. b.Toledo, Ohio, and specifications subject to change without notice. Willys-Overland, Inc., Toledo, Ohio. WILLYS-OVERLAND, Inc. TOLEDO. OHIO

Woman Figure Wizard Scientists of Europe are interested In the case of a woman in a Welsh hospital who can neither read nor write, but Is h genius at mental arith nietfc She can solve mathematical problems In 30 seconds, mid is said t<> never give an incorrect answer She also has a remarkable memory and can recall a large number of his torical dates at will. Counter Attraction From rhe price son e girls pay for their hats you would think they had no idea anybody ever paid the least bit of attention to their silk hosiery.— Cincinnati Enquirer. It May Be I M । jBSk 1 Ik W i W ? £ ’ It 4*’*' 1 ■ 1 A When your ; Children Cty for It Castoria is a comfort when Baby is fretful. No sooner taken than the little one is at ease. If restless, a few drops soon bring contentment. No harm done, for Castoria is a baby remedy, meant for babies. Perfectly safe to give the | youngest infant; you have the doctors I word for that! It is a vegetable proi duct and you could use it every day. But it’s in an emergency that Castoria i means most. Some night when constiI pation must be relieved —or colic pains ' —or other suffering. Never be without i it; some mothers keep an extra bottle. I unopened, to make sure there will al- ; ways be Castoria in the house. It Is effective for older children, too; read the book that comes with it. HEADACHE RELIEVED QUICKLY Carter’s Little Liver Pills l VER Purely Vegetable Laxative move the bowels free from and unpleasant after ’ effect!. They relieve tha system of constipation pohofii which many times cause a dull and aching head. Remember they are a doctor’s prescription and can be given with absolute confidence to every member of the family. AU Druggists 25c and 75c Red Packages. CARTER S ESI PILLS

Experiments Show the Value of Light Baths By taking a holiday in Switzerland and sitting in the sun. five pit boys from the mines in Mansfield, England, have demonstrated the value of light baths for men and boys who work un derground. A report of the committee which has been testing the usefulness of light in industrial hygiene has Just been published. Following the Swiss experiment with sunlight baths, a clinic was opened and 50 volunteers from the mines, fourteen to seventeen years old. have had ultra-violet light baths several times a week for three months. At the end of the time, the boys had gained in weight an average of more than four pounds. Boys of the same ages who did not get the light baths gained a little more than two and a half pounds during the same three months. The boys who had the light baths gained in height more than the boys who did not. The clinic will be continued, and the committee report recommends that wherever pithead baths are provided, light baths should be established with them. The report warns, however, that artificial light baths should be given only under medical supervision. Second Sight When Dying A peculiar story of second sight comes from a village on the Danube, in a dispatch to the Observer. A dying peasant woman, who had lost a son named Jonas on the battlefield in 1915, called her children to her bedside to bid them farewell When she had done so she begged them to promise not to close her eyelids after her death, because her son Janos was alive and on his homeward way. and she wished her dead eyes to rest on him. as she might not know that happiness during her life. When the family returned from her funeral a few days later it was to find a letter from Janos awaiting them, in wh^ch he announced that he was alive and well, and was on his way home from Siberia.—Pierre Van Paassen. in the Atlanta Constitution. Spain Yields War Trophies Spain has demonstrated its effusive friendship for its emancipated former dominions by voluntarily surrendering to Cuba flags, banners, pistols I swords and other war trophies cap- ■ Hired by the Spanish troops from the I Cuban rebels. Prominent among these j emblems is the banner of independ ence raised by Carlos Maria Ces pedes, the great patriot, during the i ten years’ war in 1868. The trophies figured for many years in the Artillery museum at Madrid. Senor Garcia Kholy, Cuban ambassador, gave an entertainment at which these emblems were exhibited before being sent to Cuba. Spanish pride is certainly making concessions in order to secure the good will of Cuba. Title Writers Discovered Mark Twain would have been a ■ great title writer for the movies. Photoplay Magazine observes. “Everybody,” said Twain, “is always complaining about the weather, but nobody does anything qbout it.” (Change weather to picture and it is still good.) “Parts were good,” wrote Mathew Arnold, another title expert “Parts were original. But that which was i good was not original, and that which ! i was original was not good.”

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