Walkerton Independent, Volume 51, Number 32, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 7 January 1926 — Page 2

Walkerton Independent PubUshfil Every Thursday by THE INDEPEXDKXT-XEWS CO. Publishers of the WALKERTON INDKPEMIEST NORTH LIBERTY NEWS THE BT. JOSEPH COUNTY WEEKLIEd Clem DeCoudres, Business Manager Cha-rles M, Finch. Editor subscription Crates One Tear .....fI,SO Six Months .90 Three Months... .SO TERMS IN ADVANCE Entered at the poet office at Walkerton. Ind , as second-class matter. Our women spend $500,000,000 annually for perfumery, but that is only a scent a day for each one of them. Debt Funding (international style) : “Jim, let me have another eight bucks and I’ll pay you back that five." It isn’t that marriage makes men meek but that the meek ones are easily caught. Safety zones are all right for nations if you know who’s going to operate the stop-and-go signs. Men who like to sow wild oats want somebody else to gather the harvest, but it doesn’t work out that way. One thing that can be said for a super-dirigible is that it would make a bigger wreck than the ordinary kind. It is announced that a cure has been found for high blood pressure. Good! Now for a cure for high round steak! It Is said that only a few deaths have occurred from laughing gas in the last 30 years. Laugh that one off. The weather man shouldn’t think he has to bring winter all tn one package. Be still, sad heart, and cease repining ; they may charge a nickel again for shining. Every day the traffic signals are unheeded by pedestrians—too blind to see the light. Beware a small enemy. If you hit him, you are a bully; if you don’t you are a coward. A single man Is known by the company he keeps; a married man by the pants he keeps. A desire to get something for nothing doesn’t prove you a sucker. You may be a politician. We are hard-hearted people, and a bald man secretly rejoices that another’s is getting thin. A synthetic cow would be keeping pace with the modern farm boy’s knowledge of milking. The way things are going, one small acre of ground puts the Florida owner tn the land-rich class. It takes much longer to learn to swim if you have a shape that looks well out on the beach. On the other hand, the only really satisfactory substitute for silence is something worth saving. Great gran’dad had one advantage. If he wanted a lovely new fur coat he stepped out and shot one. The woman who says that a man representing himself as her husband Is an Impostor ought to know. It may get so in time that the most striking legend on one’s tombstone will be, “He died a natural death.” Even if jazz gets into grand opera there will not be lacking people who feel that It won’t make it any worse. It’s the driving power that makes business move, but what many a getthere motorist lacks is the driving judgment. Whatever became of the old-fash-ioned girl who used to tie up her hair with the ribbons off her beau’s chocolate boxes? The headline writer's big problem is finding short synonyms for long words; e. g., “Big Head” for “Artistic Temperament.” There are fewer pathetic sights in this life than an eternally young creature trying to feel, and look, at ease tn mannish attire. Glasgow university boys. In a row about a new’ rector, threw 20,000 eggs at each other. The point is that they were not current eggs. Not only Is there that debt to the United States to bother the French people, but thej’ are also aware that the French army has yet to turn in its Moroccan expense account. It isn’t that modern youth is more foolish than his parents or grand parents. He simply has about a dozen more methods of getting that way. An item says dishwashing will take the nicotine off a woman’s fingers, so we know now what prompted the fellow who got up the cigarette holder. It’s queer about a boy being willing to spend a week and risk his neck stringing an 80-foot aerial over a roof, and then being too tired to put up 15 feet of clothesline in a backyard. It should be the right season to watch the heavens for the brilliant winter stars, but unfortunately they have all been rained out. The radio has been used successfully In calling ducks, but to call the children, mother still has to stand out on the porch and call. It is said that the caterpillars and the wild geese disagree as to what kind of a winter it is going to be and we all can hope it will be that kind of a winter.

EVENTS OF 1925 SEENINREVIEW Noteworthy Happenings of the Past Year in the United States and Elsewhere. LOCARNO PACT SIGNED Powers of Western Europe Make Treaties That Promise Security and Peace—Revolt of Islam Is Growing—Prosperity and Tax Reduction for Americans— Storm Over Air Service. By EDWARD W. PICKARD Standing far above all other events of the year 1025 is the signing of the Locarno treaties. Though they do not mean the immediate coming of the millennium, they do mean that the European powers have decided that w-ar does not pay, and they give to western Europe at least a measurable assurance of security and peace. This holds good so long as the signatory powers keep the promises made in the pacts, and should any of them fall to do so, the League of Nations is ready to step In. Germany has resumed her place In the family of nations, and as the year drew to a close there was great hope that soviet Russia would abandon her voluntary isolation and consent to closer association with the “capitalistic powers" that •he has so long contemned. Locarno was a magnificent triumph for Austen Chamberlain, Aristide Briand. Dr. Hans Luther and Herr Stresemann, the statesmen mainly responsible for the treaties, ami for the legislators and people in their respective countries who gave them hearty support. Another Important development of the year was the growing revolt of Islam against the rule of Christian powers. This manifested Itself especially in the war in the Riff maintained against France and Spain throughout the year by Abd el Krfm, and in the rebellion against the French regime in Syria. The latter w’as primarily carried on by the Druses, nonmoslem tribesmen, but the Mohammedan Arabs took at times an active part in it. Turkey took warlike measures because she was convinced the League of Nations would decide the Mosul dispute in favor of Great Britain; and in Egypt there was unrest that occasionally broke out into violence. Twelve more months of almost Incessant civil warfare, complicated by Bolshevik plotting and threatened uprisings against foreigners, was the record of China. Nevertheless the central government was maintained and the international conference at Peking held out some promise of settling the affairs of the distracted country. The United States was blessed with general prosperity and progress during the year, and this was reflected In the bill Introduced in the Sixty ninth congress providing for reduction of taxes which would reduce the national revenue by $325,736,000. Enforcement of the prohibition law continued to be a serious problem, but toward the end of the year the government adopted a new policy that promised to go far toward keeping illicit liquor out of the country. During many months a storm raged around the air services of the army and navy, due largely to the sensational charges made by Col. William Mitchell, for which he was tried by court-martial, and suspended for five years. His plan of an Independent department of aviation was turned down by a board of inquiry appointed by the President. The controversy was accentuated by the tragic destruction of the dirigible Shenandoah in a storm and by the failure of an attempted nonstop airplane flight to Hawaii. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Prompted by Great Britain, the German government suggested the international conference that finally resulted in the Locarno treaties, but there were months of “conversations,” exchanges of notes and secret talks before the great fact was accomplished. Briand was forced to move cautiously because of political complications, and Luther and Stresemann always had the Irreconcilable German Nationalists to contend with. It was on October 5 that the foreign ministers of France. Germany. Great Britain. Belgium, Italy, Poland and Czechoslovakia came together in the little Swiss town of Locarno. Eleven days later they had completed their task, and on December 1 the momentous treaties were formally signed in London. The main treaty, known as the security pact, binds France and Germany and Belgium to respect the boundaries between those countries as fixed by the Treaty of Versailles; each promises not to attack either of the others; and Great Britain and Italy guarantee the inviolability of the frontiers. Provision is made for referring disputes to a conciliation commission, the permanent court of International justice or the council of the league. Arbitration treaties were signed between Germany’ and Poland and Germany and Czechoslovakia, and In subsidiary pacts France guaranteed the carrying out of these. The allies made immediate plans for speeding up the evacuation of the Cologne area and the reduction of their forces in the Rhineland. As soon as the security pact became a certainty, President Coolidge , let It be known that he w’ould like to I call an international conference on ; land disarmament in Washington. The reaction to this in Europe, especially in France, was not favorable because the League of Nations was planning the same thing. Early In December the league's disarmament council announced that a special commission would be created to prepare for such i conference, and the United States md Soviet Russia were invited to appoint representatives on that comjuission.

The League of Nations, which held Its annual meeting in Geneva in September with Senator Raoul Dandurand of Canada as president, received Great Britain’s protest against violation of the Mosul frontier by Turkey and referred the dispute over that rich oil region to the World court. The court ruled that the league’s council was competmt to decide the matter, and In December the council awarded all of the vilayet except a worthless strip to Irak, at the same time extending the British mandate over Irak to twenty-five years. Turkey protested angrily, but was somewhat mollified by Britain’s offer to negotiate a permanent peace on the Irak frontier, with hints of compensation for the oil lands. The council of the league was called on to prevent one war. and did so. Greece and Bulgaria were ready to fight over some trouble on the Macedonian frontier, and the Greeks went so far as to invade Bulgarian territory and occupy several towns. The league council ordered that hostilities cease at once, saw to ft that the order was obeyed, and sent a mission to settle the dispute. Greece was found at fault and was ordered to pay damages to Bulgaria. Abd-el-Krim’s attempt to drive the French from the Riff and establish an independent government in that part of Morocco was not successful, but caused the two European powers much trouble and expense. They joined forces against the Riff leader, and after the Spanish effected a landing in Alhucemas bay in September Krim was virtually surrounded and was driven into the mountains. A | group of American aviators formed an escadrllle and helped In the tight against the Moroccan chieftain. Strikes In the Shanghai cotton mills, fostered by Russian Bolshevist agents who sought to stir up civil war In China, resulted in fatal rioting in May and the anti-foreign threats made necessary the landing of American ami European bluejackets and the arming of a force of foreign volunteers This only enraged the Chinese the more and tlie government at Peking was utterly unable to straighten out the tangle. On August 5 the Washington treaties relating to Chinese customs and the open door went into effect, ' and in October the international conference to carry them out began Its sessions in Peking, t'hina demanded autonomy in the matter of the tariff, i and the conferees agreed to give it ; this not later than January 1,1921 b provided that in the meantime China । should abolish the likin. Great progress was made In the settlement of international debts. In August Great Britain granted exceed ingly liberal terms to France, but with the provision that If France obtained less favorable terms from the United States the British would Insist on the same terms that the United States exacted. The French mis sion spent some time in Washington but was unable to satisfy the demands of the American debt commission and went home with a temporary plan which was rejected by the French parliament. In December. when Briand became premier again M Ber anger was appointed ambassador to Washington for the purpose of reopening negotiations. The American debts of Belgium. Czechoslovakia. Italy and Rumania were arranged satisfactorily to those countries. President Coolidge, to wnom the long standing dispute between Peru and Chile over Tacna and Arica provinces had been referred, sent General Pershing down there to arrange and conduct a plebiscite of the inhabitants of the region. The Chileans protested when he deferred the date of the plebiscite until April 15, 1926, and appealed to President Coolidge. FOREIGN AFFAIRS Politics in Great Britain were not especially eventful. The Liberal party recovered somewhat from its crushing defeat in the elections of 1924, and Herbert Asquith, who was raised to the peerage as the earl of Oxford, was continued as its leader. Lloyd George pledged to him his unqualified loyalty. The Labor party did all in its power to combat the Baldwin government but was itself badly split between radicals and conservatives. All these parties and elements except the radical Laborites were kept busy fighting the schemes of the Communists. The government refused to admit foreign Communists to the country to attend the conference of the British Communist party in Glasgow, and later canceled the permits of many Communists to live in Great Britain. What w’as called one of the most important events in the post-war history of the British empire occurred on April 28, when Great Britain returned to the gold standard. Australia and New Zealand took this step at the same time and the Union of South Africa followed suit on July 1. Canada was already back on a gold basis, so that at the mid-year the currency of the entire empire was virtually on a pre-war footing. France’s troubles, aside from the warfare in Morocco and Syria, were mainly financial. Premier Herriot held on until April 10, when the government’s finance bill was defeated in parliament. Paul Pain 1 eve thereupon became premier and he gave the finance portfolio to Joseph Caillaux, who was convicted during the war of treason. Aristide Briand took the post of foreign minister. Caillaux was no more successful than his predecessors and the cabinet resigned October 27. Painleve formed a new ministry, but this went on the rocks in November. Briand w’as made premier again and Louis Loucheur, one of the wealthiest of Frenchmen, became minister of finance. His plans w’ere rejected and he gave place to Paul Doumer. The revolt of the Druses in Syria, held by France under a mandate, became serious in July and the tribesmen defeated the French forces several times. They filtered Into Damascus and started an uprising there in the suppression of which the French shelled the Moslem quarters of the ancient city and battered it to pieces. Reinforcements were poured into Syria but the tribesmen kept up a harassing guerrilla warfare which was extended into Lebanon. Germany’s new relcbstag convened

January 5 and Dr. Hans Luther became chancellor, pledging himself to maintain the republic ami the Dawes plan. The Monarchists and Nationalists were strong in his cabinet. March 29 the first popular elections for President were held and resulted in no candidate receiving a majority. The Nationalists and several other groups then made Field Marshal von Hindenburg their nominee, and at the second elections, held April 26, he was elected. It was freely predicted that this meant the early restoration of the German empire, but the old soldier took the pledge of loyalty to the republic and thereafter gave not the slightest indication that he desired a return to monarchism. In December the cabinet resigned so that a new ministry fully in favor of the Locarno treaties might be formed. Benito Mussolini continued to rule Italy with a firm harid, and the position of the Fascist! was strengthened in the autumn by a split in the opposition, the Maximalist Socialists severing their conection with the other groups forming the Aventine bloc. The dictator began the year by taking steps to suppress the opposition organizations and newspapers, and before the twelfth month was ended the parliament had at his behest passed a number of laws, electoral ami otherwise, that made Fasclsmo supreme and Mussolini’s dictatorship complete. In November the police uncovered a plot to assassinate the premier and overthrow the government. and one result of this was a renewal of measures to suppress the Freemasons. Primo de Rivera, dictator of Spain, caused some surprise in December by announcing that the time to end the military dictatorship had come. He formed a civilian cabinet, retaining the position of premier. On the whole the rule of the directory seemed to have been beneficial to tbe country. . In Portugal cabinet crises, small military revolts am! t'ommunlst uprisings were rather frequent. Belgium experienced several changes of ministries. and so did Poland, where Skrzynski came into power in November. General Pangalos led a successful military ami naval coup d’etat in Greece in June and the government was upset without bloodshed. Pangalos thereupon became premier In September he dissolved the nation al assembly and ordered new elections. Soviet Russia did not gain the confidence of the 'other powers to any great extent, for the diplomatic es forts of her rulers In that line were offset by the continuance of Bolshevist propaganda abroad. Having failed to entice the proletariat of western Europe, they turned their attention especially to Japan and t'hina. At home their chief concern was the state of mind of the Russian peasantry, which was so dissatisfied that revolt was In the air. As usual, there were crop failures in various districts and famine conditions were predicted, despite which the government ex ported wheat for political purposes To foster industries am! attract foreign <^>ital the Soviet government took steps during the year which led It farther and farther away from its Communist ideals. Industrial plants were returned to their former owners under lease and private capitalists vere permitted to enter trade. Graft

In government circles was sternly suppressed, on one occasion 12 offi- I cials being sentenced to death for this crime. Egypt got Into trouble with Great Britain when a group of radicals mur . dered Sir Lee Stack, the sirdar. The * British exacted the death penalty for I the assassins and compelled the j Egyptian government to yield certain ' concessions that tightened the British grip on the disputed Sudan territory. Ahmad Mirza, the young shah of Persia, enjoyed life so much in Paris ■ that he refused to return to his coun- ! try. so on October 31 tlie parliament deposed him and put an end to his i dynasty. Riza Khan, tlie premier who once was a common soldier, assumed tlie throne as. King Pahlavi. A. C. Millspaugh, American, is still admlni istrator general of the finances of Persia, having made an excellent record for the year. Conditions in Arabia were unsettled during the year, owing to the inter- j mittent warfare between All, king of the Hedjaz. and Ibu Saud, king of Nejd and leader of the Wahabis. Ibn captured Mecca, but was defeated by i All aj Jeddah. Captain Amundsen made a spectac- ! ular attempt to fly over the North pole, | hopping off from Spitzbergen witii two j planes on May 21. Tlie expedition . succeeded in getting within 150 miles of the pole but was forced to descend and lost one of the planes. After great hardships the intrepid explorers returned to Spitzbergen on June 18. Latin America had a comparatively uneventful year, which means there were fewer revolutions than usual. On January 23 tlie navy junta government of Chile w’as overthrown by army officers and a few’ days later the army and navy reached a peaceful agreement and recalled President Alessandri from his voluntary exile in Europe. In October Alessandrl resigned and was succeeded by Emiliano Figueroa. Solarzano was inaugurated President of Nicaragua in January, and Barahona of Honduras. On August 3 the American marines were withdrawn from Nicaragua after keeping the peace there for 12 years. In Bolivia Jose Villaneuva was elected President but would not promise subserviance to tlie party of President Saavedra, so at the instance of tlie latter the congress declared the election void. On September 3 Saavedra turned over the office of ciiief executive to the president of the senate and new elections were ordered. Conditions in Brazil, Argentina and the other South American states were reasonably good throughout the year, though Brazil did have serious labor troubles and a small revolutionary movement In the state of Rio Grande do Sul. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS Presidential electors of the states met January 12 and went through the formality of voting for President and vice president of tlie United State®

Calvin Coolidge and Charles Gates Dawes were declared elected, and on March 4 they were duly inaugurated. Before that event congress had put through the usual grist of appropriation bills and had passed a measure increasing postal rates and the pay of postal employees. It also raised the salaries of Its own members to SIO,OOO and of the cabinet members to $15,000. Associate Justice McKenna of the Supreme court resigned January 4 and the President appointed Attorney General Harlan F. Stone to the vacancy. A few days later he nominated Charles B. Warren of Michigan to be attorney general. When the senate met in special session after the inauguration one of Its first acts was to reject the Warren nomination because of his former business connections. The President sent in the name again, and again it was rejected. Mr. Coolidge thereupon nominated John G. Sargent for the place and he was accepted. Secretary of State Hughes retired from the cabinet on March 4, and was succeeded by Frank B. Kellogg, then ambassador to Great Britain. Secretary of War Weeks, who had been ill for many months, resigned on October 13, and Dwight F. Davis, assistant secretary, was given the portfolio. Mr. Davis’ position was filled by the appointment of Col. Hanford MacNider, former national commander of the American Legion. William M. Jardine of Kansas I was made secretary of agriculture on February 14. A change in the White House itself that was of especial interest to politicians was the resignation of C. Bascom Slemp as secretary to the President and the appointment of Everett Sanders of Indiana. President Coolidge spent the summer vacation at Swampscott, Mass., and during the year he made several trips for the purpose of delivering addresses. The more important of these were to St. Paul, Minn., for the NorseAmerican centennial celebration; to Omaha for the meeting of the American Legion, and to Chicago for the convention of the American Farm Bu--1 reau federation. Vice President Dawes was exceedingly active In carrying on his campaign for revision of the rules of the senate, making speeches on that topic In many parts of the country. When the Sixty-ninth congress opened its sessions on December 7 he was ready to go on with his fight, but wlth- ■ out glittering prospects of success. The Republicans were In full control of the new <i>nKre<S. but the old insurgent bloc In the party was there again undaunted by disciplinary measures by which Its members were deprived of most of their important commit tee assignments. In the lower house they refused to support tlie Republican candidate for speaker. Nicholas Longworth of Ohio, who nevertheless was elected. The Republicans also amended tlie rule concerning dis charge of committees so that a ma- ■ Jority of the house must sign a petition to take legislation out of a committee's hands and place it before the house. in the lower house sat three , women members —Mrs. Rogers of Massachusetts and Mrs. Kahn of California on the Republican side and Mrs. Norton of New Jersey on the Democratic side. With a vast number of bills Introduced at tlie beginning of the I session, the house put at the top of । the list the tax reduction measure that , had been prepared by the ways and , means committee during tlie fall, and i at once went to work on It. This bill proposed a cut in Income and othei

taxes that would reduce the national revenues by more than $325,000,000. It was virtually a nonpartisan measure and seemed assured of passage. Aside from Vice President Dawes’ effort to reform the senate procedure, in terest In the upper house at first centered on the attitude of Senator Robert M. I.aFollette, Jr., of Wisconsin, who had been elected to succeed his late father, the leader of the insurgents. The young man gave every indication that he would follow closely in the footsteps of his sire. Another of the radical senators had passel away—Senator Ladd of North Dakota —and Governor Sorlie had appointed Gerald P. Nye, an avowed follower of La Follette, to succeed him. Some of the senators opposed tlie seating of Mr. Nye on the ground that the governor had no right, under tlie state constitution, to fill a senatorial vacancy. Senator Ralston of Indiana, a Democratic wheelhorse, died October 14 and A. R. Robinson. Republican, was appointed to fill the vacancy. Senator Silencer of Missouri also passed away and his place was filled by George H. Williams. One of the most spectacular political battles of recent times was that waged for the mayoralty of New York. It began with a hot contest for the Democratic nomination between Gov. Al Smith and Tammany, whose choice was State Senator “Jimmy” Walker and the Hearst following, which urged the renomination of Mayor Hylan. Tammany won out, and in the election Walker was easily the victor over F. D. Waterman, the Republican nominee. Col. William Mitchell, by his determined fight to improve the air service of the army and navy, made his name a household word. Early in the year bis outspoken criticisms of his superiors resulted in Ills removal from the office of assistant chief of tlie army air service, but he kept on talk- । ing and writing until the War department had to order his trial by courtmartial. Meanwhile the President had apj minted a special board to inquire info tlie condition of tlie air service and this board, after lengthy hearings, made a report upholding Mitchell in many of his criticisms. It condemned, however, his pet scheme for making the air service an independent department. Having no warfare, no really serious business or economic troubles, and not much in the way of politics, tlie people of the United States devoted a great deal of attention to prohibition, its enforcement and its violation. It could not be denied that the dry law was not being thoroughly enforced, so in June General Andrews, assistant secretary of the treasury, w’as put in full charge of the job. He made a sweeping reorganization of the federal en forcement machinery, depriving Prohibition Commissioner Haynes of most of his powers and dividing the country into 24 districts with administrators responsible to him. The orders went out that the flood of Illicit liquors entering the country must be dried at the

sources, and the minor violations of the law were left largely to local au- ( thorities. The coast guard was called , upon, amt all summer its vessels were ■ active along the Atlantic seaboard espe- : daily, witii the result that the rum ! fleets which had been lying off the New England coasts were dispersed. Early in December the federal agents in New York uncovered a big liquor smuggling plot, which Involved the bribery of coast guardsmen. The wets did not relax their et | forts to have the prohibition amendment repealed or the Volstead act liberalized. When congress met a large number of bills with this In view were introduced. There is little need to remind readers of the Scopes trial in Dayton, Tenn., In which the school teacher was convicted of violating the state law forbidding the teaching of any theory of the origin of mankind contrary to that found In the Bible. With William Jennings Bryan leading the prosecution and Clarence Darrow, Chicago atheist, as chief counsel for the defense, the contest was between fundamentalism and liberalism, and the people of the country learned more about Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution than they would otherwise In a lifetime. However, there could be no “decision” in this contest. Mr. Scopes was found guilty on his own admission 1 that he had violated the law. Only a few days after the close of the trial, on July 26, Mr. Bryan was found dead in bed. Col. Charles R. Forbes, former director of the veterans’ bureau, and John W. Thompson, a millionaire contractor of St. Louis, were found guilty on June 30 of having conspired to defraud the government on contracts for soldiers' hospitals and sentenced to fines and imprisonment. INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR Only one great strike marred the year’s record in the United States. | The anthracite miners had been demanding an increase in wages and tlie adoption of the check-off system by the operators, and after long and futile negotiations the men were called out of the mines on September 1. Because the stock of coal was large and owing to the use of oil and other substitutes, tlie consumer did not suffer greatly, but the effects of tlie strike <>n the miners and operators and the business men of the mining towns were serious. President Coolidge refused to interfere but asked congress to give the Chief Executive and the secretaries of commerce and labor the authority to intervene in such crises. Tlie American Federation of Labor ' held its annual meeting in Atlantic City in October, turned down all propo--1 sitions for co-operation with the Russian trade unions and recognition of the Soviet government, and re-elected President Green and all other officers. There were strikes of textile workers in the East, of garment workers In New York and elsewhere, and of the plasterers because of a jurisdictional dispute with the bricklayers. The coal miners of Nova Scotia were on strike for several months. Tiie Supreme Court of the United States on April 13 held unconstitutional that part of the Kansas industrial court act providing for compulsory arbitration of labor disputes. In October it ruled against the Arizona minimum wage law for women. A spe-

cial federal court of equity exonerated i the International Harvester company | of trust charges, and Secretary of Agriculture Jardine dismissed the federal charges against the merger of the Armour and Morris packing concerns. Violent fluctuations of prices on the Chicago Board of Trade aroused the ire of farmers and of Secretary Jardine, and at his insistence tlie board in October adopted stringent rules to prevent price manipulation. DISASTERS Nature was not kind to the human race during the year, for earthquakes, tornadoes and floods took heavy toll of lives and property. In tlie United States the spectacular disaster was the destruction of the great navy dirigible Shenandoah in a storm over Ohio on September 3 as the airship was on her way to some state fairs in the Middle West. Commander Zachary Lansdowne and 13 men of his crew were killed. Another misfortune befell the navy on September 24 when the submarine S-51 was rammed by a steamship off the Rhode Island coast and went down with 33 men. Among other disasters were these: In February: Mine explosion in Dortmund, Germany, killed 138; | Kansas City live stock pavilion and | motor show burned, the loss being $2,500,000; mine explosion at Sullivan, Ind., killed 51. In March: Thousands died in earthquake in central China; tornadoes in southern Illinois. Indiana, j ‘Missouri, Tennessee and Alabama killed about 800. In May: Mississippi river steamer capsized. 22 drowning; ; destructive earthquake on Japan's west coast; explosion in North Carolina coal mine killed 52. In June: Seventeen killed by mine explosion at j ' Sturgis. Ky., 45 kiiieil in train wreck : in New Jersey; earthquake wrecked j Santa Barbara. Cal., killing 11 and destroying $25,060,000 in property. In ; July: Fifty killed by collapse of dance hall in Boston. In August; Fifty j ; killed by boiler explosion on excursion steamer near New port, R. I.; i Italian submarine lost witii crew of 49. In September: Mine explosion in Corea kiile<l 156. In October: Eight-' ; een killed in train wreck near Mem- । phis, Tenn. In November: British i submarine lost witii crew of 8; three million dollar fire on New’ Orleans i docks; west coast of Florida ravaged by storms. In December: Fifty-three I miners killed by gas explosion near Birmingham, Ala. SPORTS Baseball, tennis, golf, football and indeed all lines of sport had a successful and interesting year. The Washington baseball club won the American League pennant and the Pittsburgh club captured first place in the National league. In the world’s series the Pirates won four of the seven games and the world’s cha npionship. In itennis the French ■■ i I won the right to play the Americans

for the Davis cup, but lost in that final contest. William Tilden retained the men's national championship, am* Helen Wills again took the women’s, title. Championships in golf were won. as follows: British women, Joyce Wethered: British amateur, Robert Harris; American open, Willie Mr^ Farlane; French women, Glenna lett of America: British open, Une Barnes of America; western open MacDonald Smith; western amateuigi Keefe Carter of Oklahoma; women"' western, Mrs. Elaine Reinhardt; na tional amateur, Robert T. Jones; n. tlonal professional, Walter Hagei women’s national, Glenna Collett. Dartmouth was conceded to be the best football team among the Ameri-i can colleges and universities. University of Michigan won the western, conference championship, and thw University of Washington eleven tookj first place on the west coast. Tbei sensation of the football season wasj provided by “Red" Grange, star back of the University of Illinois team. His playing was so remarkable and the publicity given him so great that; at the close of the season he went! Into professional football with contracts that netted him many thousand®? of dollars, and also signed a contract; with a moving picture company that paid him $360,000 for the first picture. Jake Schaefer won the 18-2 billiard title in March by defeating Willie Hoppe, hut lost it in December to Edouard Horemans of Belgium. BobCannefax retained the three-cushiom championship. The Kentucky Derby was won by Flying Ebon.,, and theEnglish Derby by Manna. NECROLOGY Outstanding among the names of those claimed by death during thus year are these: In January: Archbishop Henry Moeller of Cincinnati; Guernsey Moore and George Bellows, American artists; Dr. Norman Bridge,, Chicago physician and philanthropist; Harry Furniss, English cartoonist and author; D. G. Reid, “tin plate king”; John C. Eastman, publisher of Chicago Journal; Field Marshal Baroix Grenfell, British soldier; George W., Cable, American author. In February: John Lane, English, publisher; Julius Fleischmann, Cincinnati millionaire; Thomas W. Lawson, Boston financier; Mrs. Clio Bracken, American sculptress; Fred W. Upham, Republican leader of Chicago; M. H. DeYoung, publisher of San Francisco Chronicle; President Marion Burton, of University of Michigan; James Lane Alien, American author; Hjalmar Branting, former premier of Sweden ; Medill McCormick, U. S. senator from Illinois; Friedrich Ebertj President of Germany. In March: William A. Clark, copper magnate; Bishop W. A. Quayle of Kansas; Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, first President of Chinese republic; Marquis Curzon of Kedleston; Lord Rawlinson, commander of British forces in India. In April: Jean de Reszke, famous tenor; Archbishop Christie of Oregon; Elwood Haynes, Inventor of first automobile; John S. Sargent. American painter; Ralph D. Paine, American , author; G. S. Sanderson, secretary of ! United States senate. In May: Viscount Leverhulme, English “soap king"; Maj. Gen. 11. A. Bandholtz, U. S. A.; Herbert Quick. American author; W. F. Massey, premier of New Zealand; Miss Amy

Lowell, poet and critic; Gen. Charles Mangin, defender of Verdun; Viscount Milner, English statesman; Sir Henry Rider Haggard, English author; Lieut. I Gen. Nelson A. Miles; S. P. Spencer, I U. S. senator from Missouri; Field ! Marshal French, earl of Ypres; Dr. Ernest D. W. Burton, president of University of Chicago; Louis Falk, noted organist. In June: Former X’ice President Thomas R. Marshall; Camille Flammarlon, French astronomer; Pierre Louys, French author; Vance Thompson, American author; Warren S. | Stone, president of Brotherhood of j Locomotive Engineers; Julius Kratt- ' schnitt. railway magnate; Edmund J. James, American educator; R. M. LaFollette, United States senator from Wisconsin; E. F. Ladd, United States senator from North Dakota. In July: D. W. Tryon. American painter; Rear Admiral G. W. Williams; Cardinal Begin, archbishop of Quebec; Dr. A. J. Ochsner, famous American surgeon; William Jennings Bryan; Mrs. Helen H. Gardner, author and educator; Edgar A. Bancroft, American ambassador to Japan. In August; George Gray, former senator from Delaware; John Temple Graves of Georgia ; Victor F. Lawson, I publisher of Chicago News; Sir George i Goldie, founder of Nigeria. In September: E. R. Stettinlus, New York banker; Reginald C. Vanderbilt; Rene Viviani, French statesman; Paul Bartlett, American sculptor; A. C. Bedford, Standard Oil magnate; James Deering. Chicago capitalist; Ada Lewis, American actress; Leon ; Bourgeois. French statesman. In October: Christy Mathewson, famous baseball pitcher; James B. i Duke, tobacco magnate and philanI thropist: S. M. Ralston. United States senator from Indiana ; Eugene Sandow, famous strong man; Gen. Isaac Sher- ! wood of Ohio; Plsitop Frederick Burgess of Long Island; Bishop E. M. Parker of New Hampshire; Dr. 11. J. i Waters, agricultural expert and editor; Job Harriman. Socialist leader; M. E. Aih< Washington banker; Gen. j Felix Agnus, publisher of Baltimore ; American. In November; P. A, T.annon of Salt Lake City; Khai Dinh, emperor of Annam; Eldridge G. Snow, New York financier; Domicio Da Gama. Brazilian statesman; A. J. Earling, former president of C. M. & St. P. railway; Alexandra, queen dowager of England; Clara Morris, actress; Rama VI, king of Siam; Andrew Fletcher, president American Locomoiv-'^am-pany. In December: Dr. A. F. Nightingale and Dr. F. A. Parker, veteran educators; Ladislas Reymont, Polish author; Ed. H. Moore, Democratic I leader of Ohio; P. S. Hill, president of American Tobacco company; Rev. I William Wilkinson, "bishop of Wall Street”; John R. Booth, Canadian lumber magnate; Maj. Gen. Harry L. > Rogers, retired; F. C. Hicks, alien | property custodian. lUZ6, Western N«w»j.ayer Uaion.^