Walkerton Independent, Volume 34, Number 27, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 18 December 1908 — Page 3

Ewi 1 rFJsJbO-JIK JOa i a^w »M « UhIII^K* vuu z ^TvF" 0- jgSkLzzz^j In the Country's Greatest Business, Handling Five Times the Worlds Gold Output, the Worker Reaps the Lion's Share s=4OV=^ W’^Wr^g^ 1

HICAGO. —The biggest business in the country is railroading. If all the railroads in the country (there are 2,500 of

them) could hoard from day to day the money they gather in for moving passengers and freight, at the end of a year there wouldn’t be a dollar left anywhere else in the country. Every piece of metal and paper currency in the country would be in the railroad treasuries. The railroads earn in a year five times the whole world’s output of gold, thirty times this country’s gold output's, they take in four times as much money as the Steel corporation, five times as much money as the government itself —more money than is represented in all our trade overseas. It’s a big business that takes in $2,600,000,000 in a year; this is $7,000,000 a day—seven million dollars a day! And $3,500,000 of this money, every day of the year, goes into the pay envelopes of the workers. For half the money gathered in by the railroads — half of this $2,600,000,000 a year—is the workers’ share of this biggest of American businesses. So in two years the railroad workers receive in their pay envelopes as much money as there is in circulation in the whole country. Big figures these! There is the humble trackman, usually an alien from the slums of Europe, who doggedly obeys the orders of the track foreman. Out of every SIOO gathered in by the railroads, six dollars goes to him —five times as much as goes to the railroad officials. The figures are big, you see, whether you start from the bottom or the top. Let us see what becomes of every SIOO received by the railroads in their two-and-a-half-billion-dollar business. Workers on railroads (1,700,000 men)..} 40 Dealers in railroad materials (chiefly the steel and coal trades) 25 The state (taxes) 3 Creditors (hundreds of thousands of bondholders) 13 The owners (500,000 investors) 12 For the surplus (improving the property) 7 Total SIOO Workers actually get SSO out of every SIOO, for from the $25 paid for materials (rails, cars, engines, buildings, etc.) $lO goes to workers in these industries. Every time you spend a dollar at a railroad ticket office or freight office, you are paying 50 cents for wages. A Billion-Dollar Pay Roll. Now let’s see just how the S4O out of every SIOO of railroad revenue is

UNCONQUERED RACE ARE RIFS. Haughty and Imperious Mountaineers Sometimes Seen in Tangier. The Rif tribes belong to the very ancient Berber people, the inhabitants of northwestern Africa since the dawn of history. These Berber people were overrun successively by the Phoenicians, the Romans, the Vandals and lastly by the Arabs, but have really never been conquer'd, and still maintain in a great measure their ancient laws and customs and manners handed down through the centuries, says a writer in the Traveler Magazine. From their impregnable mountain fastnesses the wild a d liberty-loving Rifs can well set the world at defiance. The greater part of northern Morocco, the mountainous district known as Er Rif, stretches from the south side of the Straits of Gibraltar to the frontier of Algeria, and the country is but little known. In Tangier, in Tetuan, and in some of the other Moorish towns, one ' catches occasional glimpses of these haughty, fierce-looklng dwellers of the J

distributed among the railroad workers: Total wages. Shopmen $8 $ 210.000,000 Trackmen 6 150,000,000 Trainmen 11 92,000,000 Enginemen 11 85,000,000 Conductors 11 55,000,000 Firemen 11 52,000,000 Station men 4 100,000,000 Miscellaneous 5 120.000.000 Clerks 1.60 45,000,000 Watchmen, etc 1.20 30.000,000 Officers 1.20 32,000.000 Telegraphers 1 28,000,000 Total wages $1,000,000,000 When you look over this billion-dol-lar pay roll you get an idea of the bigness of railroading. Take the smallest item on the list—s2B,ooo,ooo paid in wages to telegraphers and dispatchers, an army of 40,000 men “at the key.” This is more money than all the telegraph companies in the country spend in wages. And then the item at the top of the Hst- <: -$210,000,000 in wages to shopmen. You know, perhaps, that railroads have shops, where they mend broken wheels and put new paint on cars. But did you ever know that the railroad shops of the country employ an army of 350,000 men earning $200,000,000 a year in wages? This repair end of the railroad business is bigger than the business of the Steel corporation itself —more men and more wages. The army of shopmen has a big job. In the shops of the big railroads locomotives and cars are built as well as repaired. The smaller roads buy their equipment from the independent builders, but there is no road so small but that it has its shops for repairing equipment. The railroads own 2,200,000 cars—of which 50,000 are passenger cars. Made up into one train these cars would stretch around the earth, and to every fortieth car there would be a locomotive, for the railroads have 55,000 in service. You could carry every man, woman and child in America in this train, allowing only 40 passengers to a car. It’s the business of the third of a million shopmen to keep these two and a quarter million cars and locomotives in running order. A bigger army still is that on the track—43o,ooo men, made up of 45,000 section foremen—the bosses—and 385,000 humble workers, the lowest paid men in the service, averaging eight dollars a week. But they take six dollars out of every SIOO of railroad revenue, or $150,000,000 a year, and no small part of this money finds its way back to “the old country.” Many a good American citizen of to-day earned his first money in this country as a member of a track gang. The train crews, with 320,000 en-

mountains. They can be distinguished by their pride of bearing and by their imperious tones and gestures, as well as by their distinctive dress. About their heads they wrap their gun cases made of red cloth bespangled with silver; their bare, sinewy arms are entwined with narrow bands of silk, and protrude from out a coarse woolen jelab, fitted with a large hood which falls far down over the shoulders. Their legs also are bare and muscular; on their feet they wear sandals of goatskin with the hair outside, and laced with cords of plaited alfa. Across the shoulders is slung a doublepouched wallet for bullets, made of red and yellow leather and set off with silk tufts. A flintlock gun with short stock, but a very long barrel, often richly ornamented, completes the outfit of these modern Ishmaelites. The Rifs are eternal rebels, they bow to no authority and are restrained by no laws. Neither the armies of the sultan nor the cannon of European ships have ever been able to dislodge them from their natural strongholds, nor crush out of them their piratical instincts of long inheritance.

OUTSIDE DEALERS) 0W « l o RS ‘ / /7 $25 I mV* 12 / W. XZ 'CHIEFLY STEEL TRADE INVESTORS,/ X\ // / WORItEH> V\ // X^Xykvn iiS® / $ \\ // —in WH/ itoc .o°o meh l\ I H t’ * A« yFOR\ 11 I fl W—4k \ y I - — TzioFnAnjwA)/ f\ If 1 THE STATE L 4 IC£^S ? I \\ / SURPLUS '?S T £ // W / $7 I A // XK / >7

ginemen, firemen, conductors and trainmen, make up the third largest railroad army, but they head the wage list with $285,000,000 a year. They get more than a dollar out of every ten received by the railroads. Here is shown the make-up of the railroad army: Trackmen 430.000 Shopmen ...., 350.000 Trainmen' 135.000 Firemen 70,000 Enginemen 65.000 Conductors 50.000 Total of crews (320.000) Station men 192.000 Miscellaneous 240 000 Clerks ^OOO , Watchmen, etc 55,000 1 elegraphers 40,000 Officers 13,000 Total 1,700,000 Or they may be divided into three great armies in this way: Officers and staffs 65,000 Army of the trains 725^000 Army of the tracks 550,000 Army of the shops 360^000 Total forces 1,700,000 ; The wages of these workers vary from a dollar a day paid southern trackmen to the five-figure yearly salaries paid the heads of transcontinental roads. The average daily earnings of the officers and men of the railroad forces is here shown: General officers $ll.BO Other officers 5.80 Clerks 2.25 Station agents 1.95 Other station men ; 1.70 Enginemen 4.10 Firemen 2.40 Conductors 3.50 Trainmen 2.35 Machinists 2.70 ’ Carpenters 2.25 Other shopmen 1.90 Section foremen 1.80 > Other trackmen 1.35 ) Watchmen, etc 1.80 1 Telegraphers 2.15 j Miscellaneous I.SO > The average yearly earnings *of rail- ’ road workers is a little more than ) S6OO. A ten per cent, wage advance ’ means only S6O for each man, but it ) adds $100,000,000 to the billion-dollar J pay roll—a sum equal to a third of all » the profits distributed to the half mil- - lion owners of the railroads in the ■ most prosperous year in their history. Similarly, a ten per cent, advance in I freight rates, such as is now proposed, • would add $180,000,000 to the revenue * of the roads, or more than two per I cent, on all the outstanding $8,000,000,- ■ 000 railroad stock. The business is so big that fractional changes in receipts s or expenditures, if spread over the ■ country, produce results of astounding proportions. 1 Dividends to Shareholders. i Having taken a look at the railroad ■ business from the viewpoint of the ■ 1,700,000 workers, let us see how it ■ looks to ’the 50,000 owners. The rail- • roads earned last year, gross, $2,600,- ■ 000,000. The small end of the railroad 1 business is the passenger traffic. The receipts from 900,000,000 passengers were $570,000,000. The average rate paid was a trifle over two cents a 1 mile. The figures show that the aver- ■ age American made ten railroad trips in the year of an average length of 32 miles, paying $6.50 for the service—so, 320 miles appears to be the average yearly travel of the American on the railroads. The railroads also received more than $100,000,000 carrying mail and express matter, mostly on passenger trains. But the 2,000,000 freight cars are the big earners. They brought in $1,800,000,000 last year, 30 times as much money as all the gold mines of the country produced, 4% times as much money as all the gold mines of the world produced. Great is the American freight car, even if it does go banging along on a flat wheel! It earned this huge amount of money by sheer work, for it charged only threequarters of a cent for carrying a ton of freight a mile. But even three-quar-ters of a cent a ton runs into money pretty fast in the big way we run our railroads. A 50-ton car, at this average rate, earns 37% cents a mile; this is $18.75 a mile for a 50-car train —and in the 3,000-mile journey across the country this runs up to $56,000. Big cars and long hauls make possible the low American freight rates. A word as to where all the freight

NIGHT IN THE LONE DESERT. Beautiful as the Day—Cold Sometimes Intense in Winter. The nights in the desert are as beautiful as the days, though in winter they are often bitterly cold. With the assistance of a warm bed and plenty of blankets, however, one may sleep in the open in comfort; and only , those who have known this vast bedroom will understand how beautiful night may be. If one turns to the east one may stare at Mars flashing red i somewhere over Arabia, and westward < there is Jupiter blazing above the Sahara. One looks up and up at the expanse of star-strewn blue, and one’s mind journeys of itself into the place of dreams before sleep has come to conduct it thither. The dark desert drops beneath one; the bed floats in ; midair, with planets above and below. : Could one but peer over the side the earth would be seen as small and vivid as the moon; but a trance lolds the body inactive, and the eyes Are fixed i upon the space above.

comes from. More t -J half of all the tonnage carried on *the railroads is the product of the Aines—a third is coal and coke. The Toft coal tonnage is enormous—a quai As of all the traffic —because tliia-is V e eat fuel In industrial plants froL coast to coast. Hard coal—the householders’ fuel—is a big item in freigA but not nearly so big as soft cc L Manufactures stand next to mint, products in importance, with about • seventh of the total tonnage, and i this class the steel industry takes't e lead. Lumber and other products o the forest rank third; agricultural products fourth, with merchandise ai id miscellaneous freight last. A 1,000- ton train, loaded with freight in the -proportions in which the country's f reight tonnage is divided, would carry Tons. Mine products 531 Manufactures 148 Forest products 112 Farm and ranch prodt ets 109 Merchandise Miscellaneous freight . 60 Total 1.000 So much for how tl ie railroads earn $2,600,000,000. Now 1 et’s see what is done with all the mo icy. Two-thirds of all the money rece Ived by the railroads has to be spei it to run them. The railroads spent c a operation last year: Running trains • • I 970.000.600 Maintaining equipment 370,000.0tX) Maintaining roadbed, el c 350.000,000 General expenses 60,000,OX) Total operating expen >® s $1,750,000,000 Included in this bi Mon and threequarters is the billior -dollar pay roll. The other three-quarters is spent on various materials, co and steel being the principal items. he coal bill for the locomotives is t biggest single item —$185,000,000. sides the coal bill, there is spent r locomotives $10,000,000 on water, >,000,000 on oil, tallow and waste, a $4,000,000 on other supplies—more/, $200,000,000 in all. The tie bill $40,000,000, bigger th^n the raiT-V*/- —525,000,000. Stationery and prlpfi / •y°stß-»n,ooo, 000, advertising WTec ^s and other damage s22,9o(Wf®®’ clearing away wrecks $5,000,000 /Rilling and injuring people SIB,OOO insurance $7,500,000 —and so on hrough a score of items all in the mill i° ns ‘ Share of the Owners. A glance at the tab e at beginning of this article si J ows th at after the railroads pay out oß^eir revenues 40 per cent, for wages, 2a per cent, for materials, etc., and thi ee per cent - for taxes, there is still lef 32 per cent - of the revenues. The cr Aitors that is, the bondholders, spre all over the face of the earth—ov ning $9,000,000,000 of American raiii oa d obligations, get 13 per cent, of the revenues. This nets them 3.7 per cei lt ‘ on , the par value of their bonds. There is still 19 per cent. left. Os tl lis 12 per centgoes to the shareholdt rs half million owners. They rec e ' ve 1300,000,000 a year out of the $2, 500,000,000 earnings, which nets th« m °nb’ 3.6 per cent, on their SB,OOO,1 100 ’ 00() of stock - The other seven per < ent- tke earnings goes into surplu 3 ‘ Such, in brief, is 1 be story of the country’s biggest bus^ nes ®’ the operation of 230,000 miles of railroads. Price of Food Increased. Increase in the p# ce ot . grain an( i foodstuffs throughou t ludia has become a serious matt 5r on acc °unt of the poverty of the mt sses an b th e low wages paid for laboi ’ according to a report made by c O n lsu y'® eneral i liam B. Michael tq tk e bureau of manufactures. He l says that f° od * stuffs have advanced Per cent, during the last two yes , s in Ind ia; rents from 50 to 60 per ce Change Ea? **y Made. Five-year-old Hele %*as industriously hemming a square pink gingham for a doll’s table cov ; r ‘ Ske held it up and examined it crii ' ca H y . Mother, she said, "I don’t th nk this ia a very stylish tablecloth. 1 g uess 1 11 P ut a pair o’ sleeves in it an ^ ca ^ a cor ‘ set cover.”—The De, i neator .

When there is i4 oon ^Sht there is more to carry the ej e region of dreams on eartm than there is in the heavens; for t le desert spreads out around one in 1 s ^ ver > shimmering haze, and no lii Qit can be P laced to its horizons. Tl e eje cannot tell where the sand mee s s k y > nor can the mind know wh' there is any meeting. In the d mness coming sleep one wonders whether the hands of the sky are ab ays ^ ust out of reach of those of tl e ^ esert > whether there is always anc *"^ er n }^ e ,0 journey and always ano ^ er climb; and, wondering, or e into unconsciousness. At dawn /he light brings one back to earth in ^ ime t 0 see the sun pass U] ^ rom behind the low hills. In conti ast . to vague night the proceeding ra Pid aa d businesslike. The Precedes its monarch only by h an h° ur or so < and ere the soft c ' lors have been fully appreciated th< sun a PP eais ovei the rocks and flings a sharp beam into the eyes of every li ring so ti 3 3 -1 in a moment the c; ’ s T s ^trred and awakened. —Arthur oisall, in Blackwood’s.

7VOTES rnDonv You cannot afford to put high-priced feed into scrubs. Keep posted on the market prices of cereals and produce. The pigs need exercise. An Bxlo yard will not give it to them. See that your crops do not suffer from cold, wet “feet”, by draining the land. The good farmer is not always the good - business man. How is it with you? The manure that is allowed to accumulate in the pile will lose about 50 per cent, of its value. Cool the milk as soon after drawing as is possible. This applies to winter as well as summer. The curried horse is healthier, and utilizes more of the feed given to him than the uncared-for animal. The early hatched pullets ought to be laying now. Feed them up and get them into the earning class as soon as possible. Protect the young trees in the orchard from rats, mice and rabbits. A shield of tar paper will prove quite effective if well put on. “Variety is the spice of life,” and that is a good rule to apply to crops. Rotation is the thing. Work out some plan to begin on next year. Shut-in poultry should be provided with plenty of exercise. Feed the grain in deep litter and make them scratch for every bit they get. They will enjoy it better. The completion of the SIOO,OOO agricultural building by the Missouri state college next September will mark another advance step in a farm education in that state. Os course ail the farm machinery has been properly cleaned and housed before this, and yet we cannot help but fear that some neglectful farmer has forgotten. This is byway of re- ' minder. — — — - - - Weigh the milk of each cow, keep a record, test the milk and find out whether your cows are turning you a profit or not. Feed is too high to waste on robber cows. Weed them out. Some who have tested it declare that the same amount of feed needed to produce a pound of pork will produce a pound of gain in a chicken. And when one remembers that the selling price of poultry is about twice that of pork we feel that a big point is made in favor of poultry raising. Now is the time of year to take account of things, and see where you stand. Figure out what your crops and your stock are worth, try and estimate the expenses of the year and then strike a balance. Such figuring will make of you a more careful farmer, and will make you search out many a leakage in farm methods. The easiest and cheapest way of supplying nitrogen to the soil is by the growing of leguminous crops. Without this element you cannot produce good crops of any kind. Remember this and lay out a system of crop rotation which includes the grow- ; ing of clover or other leguminous crop ■ upon the land once in every four or five years. It depends entirely upon the soil and its condition as to what kind of fertilizer it needs. Some soils need i liming. Others do not. Some need to I be built up in humus, some need phos- ; phate. others are sadly deficient in , nitrogen. By the application of manure, special fertilizers and the growing of leguminous crops there is no soil but 1 which can be built up to a high state ' of productivity. It’s the farmer that’s got the money. Here is what a western banker says: । “I don’t know what we will do with I their accumulations -when the corn crop is gathered. A few years ago, ; nearly all the money loaned by the 1 banks to farmers was to live on or ! to carry over their mortgage Interest. At that time, hardly any money was , borrowed by business men. To-day 1 the business interests are the borrowers, and it is the farmers’ surplus wealth which is loaned to them.” Here is the conversation which took place between a certain farmer and his friend over a cow which was val--1 tied very highly and illustrates what i false notions some men have as to the real money value of a good cow ’ “What is that cow worth?” was asked as they were looking the animal over. I “Five hundred dollars.” With a look of astonishment in his face the other replied: “I wouldn’t give that for the best cow on earth.” Now last spring we happened to know that he paid SSOO for a nice team of horses. “That,” he said, “was all right.” Then we told him the history of that cow, how she had earned in calves S7OO in the ; six years she bad been milked, besides about SSOO more in milk. Then ; we asked him if he had not better raise his ideas about cows. “It beats all,” was all he said.

| There is an increasing demand for • medium-sized hogs. Better to sell some of the cows than to stint them on feed. Set a standard for the farm work and then strive to maintain it. Not a question as to keeping livestock but rather what kind of livestock. Salt should be kept where the horses and other stock can help themselves. Never allow any dust-raising operatiions in the barn just before milking time. Corn-fed cattle are likely to be scarce the coming season, owing to the high price of corn. The pig pen has given place to the pig pasture on farms where pig-rais-ing is conducted for profit. To get the best out of any soil a leguminous crop should be grown at least once in four or five years. Keeping up the milk flow Is the problem which now faces the farmer. You can’t do it except you feed for it. The curtain front to the poultry house provides fresh air without permitting a draft upon the chickens. Try it. Keep close eye on your flock of chickens and mark the ones that are the best layers for breeding purposes next spring. Lots of dirt is flirted into the milk pall from the tail. Be sure and do not neglect to brush and clean it with the rest of the animal. Care must be taken in breaking the colt that proper bit is used. Many a horse’s mouth has been ruined by the use of the wrong bit. Think of the folly of trying to build up a good dairy herd with a scrub bull. And yet that is what many a farmer is trying to do. Tiling not only draws off the surplus water from the land but it helps to aerate and warm the soil. Crops need air and warmth. Winter the calves well. You will see the wisdom of it next spring when you turn them out to pasture and see the rapid gains they make. It were almost better to turn the stock out into the open air as to ’ make them stand in the draughty j stable. Close up the chinks. The successful farmer is the farmer who knows what his land will produce, who raises what he can most readily market and who follows up his vwork so that it is always well in ' hand. When buyin era separator never buy tne size that is only barely large enough to handle your milk. There ' is no economy in this. It always pays to get a machine which has consider- ’ able reserve capacity. 1 Feed green cut bone when you can. There is nothing better to induce the hens to lay. Skim milk is also fine. ' But if you haven’t either of these two ; get some beef scrap or beef meal and feed a little each day. Don't let your horses drop suddenly ’ from hard work into days of idleness. 1 The radical change will work to his hurt. Bring into the slack season of winter gradually and let down on the • full grain ration gradually also. 1 ’ Cows that are trained to milk from either side is a Kansas idea. A farmer from that state reports that his cows ’ are broken thus and that when one of his young folks gets through milking and there are no more “whole” cows to be milked, they take it two to a cow, one on each side. Kansas always was a strenuous state. Farmers above all others are interested in the work of the conservation ’ commission, and scarcely a single farmers’ organization meets but that it adopts resolutions indorsing the ' commission and urging co-operation in the work. It’s a good thing. What are you doing to carry out the idea of conservation upon your own farm? It is a mistake to think that any old place is good enough for the hog. His 1 layer of fat may make it possible to stand a deal of cold but it will not help him to make good return for the feed you are putting into him. Remember that the animal that is to give a good account of itself must be ■ provided not only with good food and plenty of it but with comfortable quarters. Cats in the orchard in the summer 1 time will tend to lessen the mice there in the winter time. One farmer ■ who has a large orchard keeps a ' dozen or two of cats feeding them new milk each morning in the center of the orchard. This keeps their activi--1 ties centered in the orchard and the farmer declares there are few mice, squirrels, rabbits or rats on his farm. ; We are a little afraid that the cats would interfere with the birds though, and drive them away. It is a question whether the mice would do as much damage as the insects which the birds failed to get. Sappy corn is very difficult to stora over winter. The excess of water, or sap, in green corn massed in the crib with poor circulation of air for carry* ing off moisture and promoting evaporation will cause the corn to spoil. Unless stored in a very narrow crib with plenty of bottom, top, and side ventilation it is almost sure to either mold or rot, depending of course upon the dryness of the weather, the eorrdi tion in which the corn was cribbed and other causes. Sometimes it can be kept by spreading it out thin in a dry and well ventilated place, such as । the hay mow, but even then there is ! no certainty of its not molding, and j perhaps rotting.

A CHRISTMAS I LESSON Sunday School Leason for Dec. 20, 1908 Specially Arranged for This Paper LESSON TEXT.—Luke 2:8-20. Memory verses. 2-14. GOLDEN TEXT.—“For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.”— ; Luke 2-11. Comment and Suggestive Thought. Jesus was born in the stable of an inn. or khan, at Bethlehem, six miles south of Jerusalem. He was born probably about four years before our Christian era, December, B. C. 5, i. e., if on December 25, only one week more than four years. But it is sufficiently accurate and best to count in accordance with the dates used in all our histories and almanacs, at the beginning of the year 1 A. D., or 1908 years ago. Note—l- There cas something specially fitting in Bethlehem as his birthplace, because it was the city of David, his royal ancestor. 2. This was in accordance with prophecy (Mic. 5:2). 3. Note the Divine Providence in I thus guiding Joseph and Mary to BethI lehem at this time by a decree beyond their control, and without human ' planning. ■ 4. Jesus came to earth in the cir- | cumstances best fitting him to be the I Saviour of man. He began his life in a humble way and was brought up in humble life and honest toil, that he might be the friend of all men, but | especially of the poor and suffering. 5. If he was born in December, as ■ is probable, the time was symbolical, since the 25th of December comes 1 when the longest night of the year . gives way, and the days begin to ! lengthen. This is the greatest gift ever given । to this world. From his glorious home he came to • this world, as the highest expr°ssion . of God’s love, to take upon himself 1 our human nature for the salvation of 1 the world from sin to holiness and heaven. The divine nature of Christ is not a j mere theory, far away from human ■ life, but is a fact essential to one who { would reveal God to men, and be the ' Saviour of men. He speaks to us from personal knowledge of God. of his love, his care, his readiness to forgive, his nearness to men, his fatherhood. He tells us about heaven and immortal life from his own experience. Only the Son of God could possibly make atonement of sin. Only he could have power to save us at all times and in all places, to be our ever-present friend, our perfect example, our infallible guide. Christmas Giving.—The natural re sponse to this great gift from God, is ■ for us to make gifts of love to others, . । of help to those whom Jesus came to ; help. । i Christmas giving is a right expression of this spirit. Often imperfect, i often too narrow, often such that the thought dwells more on the receiving than the giving; yet there is no celebration ot any holiday that is so ap- , propriate as this of giving, in the cele- । bration of the birth of Jesus. . 1 All can give. There is no one so poor, so unworthy, so feeble or lonely, , but there is something he can give to express God’s will to men, deeds of ! kindness, expressions of sympathy, words of love and cheer and hope and courage. Like the apostles, each must act on Peter’s word: “Such as I have give I to thee.” j The Magnificat of Mary.—Luke 1: 46-55. “His mercy is on them that fear him from generation to genera- ’ tion.” , j The Benedictus of Zacharias.—Luke ( 1:68-79. “To give light to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.” The Gloria in Excelsis of the Angels. , Luke 2:14. “Glory to God in the , highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men.” I Glory to God.” Glory is the outward expression, the outshining of greatness and goodness. When God [ showed hia glory to Moses on the । mount, it was God’s goodness that shone upon him. t i For the coming of Jesus was the , highest expression of God’s glory, the fullness of his nature, his love, his ' goodness, which passed before Moses t when he asked to see God's glory. , The phrase expresses both the fact and the desire that all should recognize God’s glory, “in the highest.” (1) In the highest strains. Only the most exquisite music and song are ! worthy to express this theme. (2) In ! the highest, heavens. The glory shines and the praise sounds to the highest ’ heavens. It is the noblest song and the brightest glory even there. (3) ’ In the highest degree. The plan of salvation through Jesus Christ, so infinitely wise, so infinitely loving, manifests God s glory more than all the wonders of creation, “when all the sons of God shouted for joy.” For the souls of the saved shall “shine as the brightness of the firmament.” The coming of Jesus meant “peace on earth,” including all welfare, blessi ing, love, “Good will toward men.” The exi pression of God’s desire to bless men, 1 to forgive them, to fit them for the 1 best life on earth. The Chicago Training School for City, Home and Foreign Missions broke ground on Thanksgiving day for a new i chapel to cost $60,000, the gift of N. W. Harris. Chicago. The Training School j has also just dedicated the Mary 1 Lemar Kinnear Monnett Memorial ! Hall, costing $36,000. Burying Cables in River Bed. It seems odd that telegraph and telephone companies should be forced to bury their cables in the bed of a large river, yet this became necessary in places along the Ohio during the recent drought. The river was so low that boys could and did play ball in the very telephone cables ent'D ?/ uiinrot- oted To avoid a repetition of the' inc’dent. therefore, the companies have ’> r trenches in the rivei la :. i:; ' Marine Journ .i.