Walkerton Independent, Volume 29, Number 38, Walkerton, St. Joseph County, 2 April 1904 — Page 3

L. .Q DURING Numerous Aliened Bombardments of Fort Arthur Can All Be Boiled Down Into One Single Attach \ ladivostok Fleet Puts to Sea. There appears to have been little real fighting during the last week. The numerous alleged bombardments of Port Arthur ean all be boded down into one sing s attack. This bombardment was served up fresh by the refugees arriving at Yingow, Newchwang, Tien tsin, Chefoo and Shanghai to the correspondents in those towns. And the correspondents, thinking they had new stories, promptly cabled the refugee tales home. So the story kept drifting in all through the week. It has become evident that, all reports to the contrary notwithstanding, the Japanese battleship squadron is quite intact up to date. A Mukden correspoinhmt of a French paper visited Port Arthur and was there informed that according to Russian advices the enemy’s squadron was reduced to the battieships Shikishima, Yahima, Mikasa, Asahi, the Matsuse, which must mean the Hatsuse. and the Fudashi. which must mean -Ure Fujhp;These six battleships are all that the Mikado has ever had. The dash of the Port Arthur squadron to unite with the Vladivostok cruisers came to nothing. The ships crept out at night, but soon encountered the Japanese scouts and returned. On Tuesday the Russian squadron, with the aid of ice-breakers and dynamite, forced its way out of frozen Vladivostok harbor, and afterward was reported at rest in Possiet bay, about ninety miles to the south. A Tokio paper which has hitherto re- i ceit ed a great deal of accurate advance information about military movements printed a statement that a Japanese army division had crossed the Tumen river between Hyeisan and Musan. If this news be true it is likely that the division's objective is Vladivostok. Hyeisan and Musan (they are marked only on the larger mapsi lie on the boundary between Korea and Manchuria. The two towns are about 150 miles tipart by road. Hyeisan may be found on large maps bj* taking a line from Kilju slightly north of due west. Where this iine intersects the boundary is Hyeisan. Musan lies to the northeast about 100 miles as the crow flies or due west of Dukuga. On the Manchurian side of the river there is fairly flat country between Hyeisan and Musan. To the northcast —that is, in the direction of Vladivostok —the flat country continues. To the southwest—that is, in the direction of the mouth of the Yalu and the SeoulPekin road, along which another Japanese army is known to be operating—the flat country is broken by a series of precipitate mountain ranges. In other words, it would be exceedingly difficult for an army in the position described by the Tokio paper to move southwestward toward the mouth of the Yalu or the Liaotung peninsula, whereas it would be comparatively easy, so far as the configuration of the ground goes, for such an army to march northeast, toward Vladivostok. The inference is strong that if the division has crossed the Tumen river, as reported, its objective will be that town. That will give two or perhaps three distinct campaigns. One will be against Vladivostok. Another will be against the Russian forces near Wiju, at the mouth of the Yalu. A third may be made by an expeditionary army debarking from ships behind Port Arthur and raking that place in the rear. It is reckoned dangerous to divide forces too greatly. Possibly the Japanese fear a threefold division, and prefer to make their fight in two sections only. If such is their intention it goes to explain why

f a ”‘ na " =!C “ := ’“ E:! *^' nß ^-^ nOT -' 3 ^ = “«==wnra?zra=3=3Rn^ 'Ca<^ v wM JAPANESE VESSELS GOING INTO ACTION.

the Japs have hitherto neglected what every “military expert” who has appear- ) ed in an English speaking newspaper has termed an obvious piece of strategy —namely, the landing of an expedition behind Port Arthur. ■ | WAR NEWS IN BRtEFv 4 - The Russian admiralty has no confirmation of the reported loss of the torpedo-boat destroyer Sl^ori off Port Arthur. The Russians are massed on the Yalu vith 150 field guns. Their scouts are constantly skirmishing with the Japanese outposts to the north of Anju. The Japanese fleet, consisting of about twenty vessels, bombarded Port Arthur Tuesday night and retired in the morning without any material damage being Jone on either side. A communication from the foreign office is published in St. Petersburg confir the statement that Russia does not regard Korea as belligerent and will not do so until there is evidence that Korea is actively making common cause with Japan. No reports have been received at the foreign office or elsewhere in Paris confirming a bourse rumor of a great .Tapanese defeat, which probably grew out of the unconfirmed Shanghai report of the defeat of 200 Japanese by a Russian force of 300 men. The Czar visited the new admiralty dockyard at St. Petersburg. He »as looking pale, but was cheerful, and smilingly greeted the 12.000 dock workers who turned out to welcome him. He inspected the arrangements of the Kamtchutka for accommodating 1.000 men. She will be ready in a few months. The Emperor then boarded the first-class protected cruiser Oleg, which was afloat amid the ice. The Oleg’s engines are ready, but her turrets and conning tow* er are not yet armored and her guns are sot iu position.

- ~ : J - ■' ■" ; *■ < . - A € fl ! '<'4^ A u "A'— ' Jr ■■ w ..ZKL... ; j RUSSIAN VLADIVOSTOK SQUADRON ESCAPES THROUGH THE ICE.

CLAIM LOSS IS SMALL. Russian Dispatches Say that Five Were Killed at Port Arthur. Another attack by the Japanese fleet on Port Arthur, beginning with operaj tions by torpedo boats and ending with

a bombardment by battleships and eruis- I ers, took place after । midnight Monday. | The dispatches to the Emperor from V ice- ■ roy Alexieff and pri-! vate information show : that the Russians ' sustained no great damage, having only five soldiers killed : and ten wounded. Vice Admiral MakarotT claims that one

IB ADMIRAL JUIN.

of the Japanese vessels was struck by a shell. All information which has reached St. Petersburg shows that the defenders of Port Arthur hail taken seriously to heart the coup of the Japanese torpedo boats at the beginning of the war and were now maintaining a sharp lookout. x The Japanese torpedo boats were twice discovered sneaking toward the harbor entrance under cover ot darkness. The breaking of day necessarily prevented further torpedo-boat operations, but Admiral Togo brought up his battleships and cruisers. The division of his fleet was for the purpose of making a cross-fire upon the harbor in the hope of destroying the town and of damaging the Russian ships lying in the basin, or । at least of demoralizing the personnel of the defending force. The bombardment of March 9 showed t< the Russians the advantage to the enemy of the position off Liao-Ti-Shin which Vice Admiral Togo's ships took up, and Vice Admiral Makaroff sought to minimize this advantage by so stationing the battleship Retvizan that her shells could reach the Japanese battleships. The fact that the Retvizan was used for this purpose proves the falsity of the report that her great guns had been removed and installed as a battery at Pigeon bay, and it lias given rise to the impression that there is an inadequate number of great guns at Port Arthur, as otherwise a battery would have been

I erected to protect the town at the only i point which Vice Admiral Togo seems to regard as vulnerable from the sea. RUSSIA’S GREAT ARMY. Horde of 550,000 Muscovites to Swoop Down Upon the Japs. It is officially announced in St. Petersburg that Tile TTrotnttxn ctun -err—army in Manchuria will be complete by May 25 and that on that date Gen. Kou ropatkin will have a field force of 550,000 infantry, cavalry and artillery at his disposal. It is stated further, and by official sanction, that Russia will not begin the serious land campaign until .lune, and that a decisive battle need not be expected before August. Not since the Turko-Russian war of 1878-9 has any European power sent vo large an army into the field. France fought Prussia in 1871 with 300,000 men. Russia sent scarcely 600,000 men against Turkey in IS7B. England fought the recent Boer war with 200,000. No power in Europe ever transported an army of 550,000 men so great a distance as Russia is doing in the present conflict with Japan. The transportation obstacles are enormous. ALLEN GETS HONOR. United States Minister Decorated by Korean Emperor. Marquis Ito has been decorated by the Emperor of Korea with the order of the plum blossom, usually given only

to royalties. United States M inister Horace N. Allen, formerly of Delaware. Ohio. and I Japanese Minister I Hayshi have receivl ed decorations of ' the first class of Pai Ktik. Minister Alien's decoration was conferred in recognition of his valuable counsel and long intimacy

i w 11. N. ALLEN.

j with "he Emperor.

CHINESE HAVE BIG ARMY. Thirty-five Thousand Men Stationed Near the Scene of War. Thi.ty-five thousand Chinese troops are stationed at Shanhaikwan, in three divisions, two outside and one inside the wall. Russia does not wish to see China i mass troops within the war area, which [ includes Manchuria. China has 20.000 . troops. European drilled, with modern arms, on rhe western frontier ot Mani churia. ami is sending more into that 1 province. Russia has notified China II U — f \\ \ FAN iW'! / il l A JAP INFANTRYMAN. that she will send a military expert to inspect the Chinese forces in Mawhuria and eastern Mongolia. The news from London that China has asked to be allowed to postpone payment of the war indemnity due to the powers until next year has caused a bad impression in Berlin. It is alleged that this is not a good sign of China's neutrality and that the powers will not give consent .until they have received better information as to the reason for the request and what it is proposed to do with

the money. FINDS WAR EXPENSIVE. Cost to Japan Up to the End of .'larch Is $78,000,000. ‘xlr. Japanese war expenses from the commencement of hostilities to the e:;d of March are estimated at 15ti.<HHl.(H)O yen ($78.000.0001. Os the sum 108.000.090 yen is charged to the army and 48,000,000 yen to the navy. Only 50,000,0(10 j en has actually been disbursed, including the payment for the < rnisers Nisshin and Kasuga, purchased abroad. The government plans to meet the expenditures to the end ot' March with lOO.OiMi.IXX) yen from exchequer bonds just sold, 25,000,000 yen from the special funds ami 31.00; i.OtK) yeu to be raised by a temporary loan. The expenditure on account of the war from April to December, inclusive, is estimated at 380.000.000 yen. besides a special war reserve of 40.000.000 yen. The government plans to meet these expenditures by the issuance of 28(>.(HX*AMK> yen in exchequer bonds. 6S.(W.o<>> yen in war taxes. 7.000.000 yen balance on ordinary annual receipts and 25.(W0.<i00 yen from special fund. Humor of the War. Judging from the Czar's remarks, he considers the attack on Port Arthur most inhumane. ~ Russsnrcbuld use a cowpie vi in its business if it knew just where to

lay its hands on them. The Vladivostok squadron is in Possiet diay, which prevents the Japanese landing troops in Wonson. SeeAg what has happened to most of its armored ships. Russia does wisely to put its faith in armored trains. When Kuropatkin begins looking ’ for the front probably he will be extremely gratified to find that there is so much of it. As long as the Russians continue to blow up their own ships the Japanese need only wait and enjoy the spring weather. It is said that Emperor William might act as mediator, but can the Japanese, on searching their clothes, discover anything to arbitrate? While entering Port Arthur the Russian torpedo-boat destroyer Skorri struck a mine anil was blown up. Only four of the ^rew were saved. Crossing the Yalu seems to have become a fixed habit of the Russians, if we are to believe all the dispatches from that part of the world. In running into their own torpedoes perhaps the Russian sailors wish to go | those Americans one better who rub ; against uncharted rocks. In Japan the two political parties have united in support of the government. To hit a Russian head wherever seen is the only politics now in the island empire. The Russian government has accorded . permission to two British officers, Gen. । Sir M. G. Gerard and Col. Waters, to follow the Russian operations in the far EanN

RECORD THE WEEK INDIANA INCDENTS TERSELY OLD. I Murderer Thank Judge Who Sentences Him —Woman Fuds Out Son for Six Years—Three oung Men Drown— Cigarettes IVouce Convulsions. Late the othernight the jury in the trial of Jerry Dugins for the murder of Mrs. Sarih Raniay ami her two children. Bnrle and larie. in Terre II tute. returned a verdic of guilty of mnrilej in the first degre against the prisoner. , Judge Piety immdiately sentenced Dug ’ gins to be hangedby the neck until dead 1 before sunrise onthe morning of July S at the Michigan (.ty prison. "All 1 ha*e 1 to say is that 1 thank you all,” was i Duggins' reply titer the sentence had । been pronounced] ( Binds OufSoi. to Service. A contract ha.-kten filed in the clerk's 1 ami recorder's i<ljes. Logansport, by which Mrs. Milml Jarnhouse bound out her son, Jesse/lYßarnhouse, to Stephen S. Salsberry. a Cfc^A'ounty farmer, for a period of six s. The contract states that f\- a < ideration of a horse and suit of clothe or S2O in cash, when he becomes of r * Mrs. Barnhouse relinquishes all c' to the custody and supervision of -oil out to Sulsberri til April 1. - order that he mat arn ' j farm. Three Fishermen Drowned. Andi Isgrigg, (H); Arthur Everhart. IS, and Edward liirt. 21 years old, were drowned in the ()Lio river at Jeffersonville. near the Bt i^ldy. They, with Elmer Snider. wAe fishing in a small skiff, and it was ^»rturned by the current. Snider was the only one to reach shore. Convulsions Due to Ciuarets. 1 As a result of excessive cigaret smok- ‘| ing Clarence Smith, aged 2fl, of Delphi, ' has been suffering from convulsions, and there no hopes of his recovery, i State Items of Interest. Coal has been discovered about two miles south of Alamo. A paper remarks that there were 43 snow * during the past winter. The Foxy Grandpa Oil Company i> ! tin mime of a new one formed at Mun I cie. Mrs. Durilia Wiley. S 2. Grtenwood bad one of her eves removed tne other day. Columbus, at a special election, decided to build a new S7s.tnw» school bouse. William Cunningham and William Bopp were killed by lightning m-ar Vin ct lines. A Bruetwille correspondent says hi has heard reports that the pe u-h cro] is killed. Fin* destroyed the laundry at the Southern Indiana hospital for the in sane, Evansville. Loss S2.(MX>. covered bj im'imnce. The combination baggage ami expres* ear and its contents on the Monon trail was de-troye/l by fire from an exploded lamp near Bedford. The jM-essure at the big gas wel struck at Petersburg Ims increased fron: GOO to SiMl pounds. The gas is with difficulty kept undgr control. ■Terrv 1 mggins "is been eonvictetl of 1 the inunler <>f Mrs. Benjamin Ramsey and her tw <■ < biliKten by a jury at Tern j Haute, ami conVbumed to be hanged . 1 July x. A heavy piece of iron cornice fell from ; the top of the fourth floor of the Hub- ! bard block at Indianapolis and kilb^l Worth Wright of the real estate firm of 1 J. R. Wright A Co. Mrs. John Ray wo slightly injured. During an electrical storm wet o! V;n< <nm". Wiiliain F. Cunningham ami , 1 William Bopp and their team were kill ! i cd by lightning while going into a barn ; Mr. Cunningham was one of Lawren s Comity's wealthiest farmers. Gen. Thomas Morris, '.hi years <hl dim! in Indiana|H»lis at the home of hi> i daughter. Mrs. Clmmber- Gen. Morri-' was n veteran of the Civil War and u; : i to the time of his <leath was the oldest , living graduate of West Point Milit irv I ! I school, having entered in IN'ld. at th. , * . age of 20. The Maksawba Club. composed ot ' wealthy Chicagoans who own a hunting: preserve in Laporte Cou.nty. has brought , i an injunction suit in the federal court I against Laporte County officials to pre ■ ■ ' vent the sale <>f an SSS.imhi bond issue ‘ \ for a drainage canal in the southern pan i i <>i Laporte County. Bernard Teutemaeher. a ' wealthy farmer near Ha amond. is dying, with one leg. both arms and three ribs broken . ! and his chest crushed by a bull. Thf animal became enraged at the farmer's i red shirt and rushed at him as Teute- , i macher was crossing the field. A power- - fnl man. Teutemaeher grasped the bull I by th* horns and struggled until exhaust- ' , ed. Win n assistance came the farmer had given up the fight and was being ) trampled and gored. 1 istno Holmes of the Supreme Court ; of tiie United States delivered the opinj ion of that court in the case of James ; C. Fargo, president of the American Ext press Company, vs. William R. Hart, auditor of th| State of Indiana, reversing the decree , '^rcuit Court for ’ the uisTHCf or -Tu’e—ca-.- m.volved the In\>. 18!>3 provid- ।

ing for the taxation of express companies. telegraplj companies, etc., the operating of whidh the express comq^ny resisted. ThefCircuit Court upheld the State authorises. The opinion of the Supreme Court was based on the ground that the system of taxation proposed is an interference' with interstate commerce. In Belleville Frank Woods pleaded guilty to murder, after the jury had disagreed. He was sentenced to twenty-five yt ars' imprisonment. Many new oil companies are incorporating at Muncie, and an oil exchange will be established in that city. In one of the companies three prominent women of Muncie are directors. Vincennes is to have a hospital. The city will purchase the site and donate it to the Clark-Gibault Memorial AssoI ciation, which will, with the assistant* of the county commissioners, build a fine hospital. Western Howard County farmers say that wheat was badly injured by the recent freezes, and they believe it will have to be plowed up and other grail sown in its place. Jury at Crawfordsville gave Mrs. June Gregg a verdict for s3.< > again-t her mother-in-law. The defendant was charged with alienating the affections of the plaintiff's husband. The business section of Waterloo suffered a .$5,000 fire, started by an explosion. While the fire department was working at^t, an incendiary, it is said, started a fire in another part of town, but it was discovered in time to be extinguished.

Bisaill

Cheap Poultry House. The illustration will show that even piano boxes may be utilized for a poultry house where only a limited num- j her of fowls or chicks ure to be ac- , ‘ommodated; or with a number of houses thus built, it may be possible to furnish comfortable quarters for the usuaf number of birds kept on an average farm. U. R. Fishel of Indiana 1 tells Poultry News of his twenty colony house constructed of piano boxes. He says: "We take two upright piano boxes; and four pieces of timber 2x4 and 10 feet long; we take the piano boxes apart—keeping the fronts, backs, ends and bottoms all together. iV’e place

three of the 2x4s on the ground and Jay oi«M# «nailing them solid, — ^the house (some ^qf the 2x4s;. The four ends of the two boxes will make the entire back of the house, while the fronts will make each end of the house and the remaining lumber will be used in the front of the house. The three remaining pieces cf 2x4 are used as rafters to nail roofing to. New ship lap lumber will have to be bought for the roof, after which the same is covered with Neponset Red Rope roofing paper. Two pairs of 5-inch strap hinges, one hasp and a piece of 1-inch netting to cover opening of door above window and one pane of SxlO light sash completes your: building, making a poultry house SxlO ' feet, all complete, for the low price ’ of $7. If you can do the carpenter work yourself the house will not cost you over SG.”. This house will accommodate fifty growing chicks, or fifteen to twenty capons, and the claim is made that no bird kept in it and properly taken care of. ever had its comb

1 IrW'lHuh l ! <-111 i-IXra mi' ? 4^1.111, A CHEAP POULTRY HOUSE. frozen in the coldest weather. One great advantage of such a small house is that it can be placed on runners or on a mud sleigh and moved wherever ; it may be wanted on the farm. It : is useful as a general purpose fowl ■ house, for hens with chicks, etc. Value of Dual Purpose Cow. If a man has no use for the calf, or ■ has use for the calf and none for the । mil* he has no use for the dual pur pose \cow. In the former case he needs the Jersey or Ayeshire, in the latter Polled I Angus or Hereford. Here we need the ' calves to condense feed and thus help get it to market by condensing the freight on it. A dual purpose cow Is j one that with, a paying quantity of I milk and a calf that will aliout top the market when fed out. It is not possible to get the best dairying qualities ; and best beef qualities in the same i hide, but it is possible to get more money out of a dual purpose vow than ean be done with a special purpose I cow. 1. e.. milk or beef. Thore is no breed of dual purpose ! I cattle, but there is a type of dual purpose cows common to all breeds. The | Herefords and Polk'd Angus breeds j I have a few dual purpose cows, but ■ ; the Short Horns havo a larger number ; than any other breed. Whenever boef- ; bred cows have been milked for some time they are on dual purpose qualities. The Short Horns, originally a beef breed, have been used as milkers j for years, and this is why there are I more dual purpose cows in this breed than other breeds. If starting a herd ' of dual purpose dairy cows, I would

buy yearling heifers and use a bull from dual purpose stock. Whed these heifers have their first calves they ' would feed strong, and would then get I rid of those that fattened and keep ■ those that increased in flow of milk. but must not forget that to produce milk, a cow should be fed a balanced ration. Growing Early Potatoes. A rich deep sandy loam is best for potatoes, but fresh strong manure should not be used, as conditions are created that are very favorable for the propagatiou.of scab. Better use commercial fertilizers than to risk using a fresh stable manure. If care is taken well rotted manure may be used if thoroughly mixed with the soil. With all potatoes, whether planted early or late, a deeply stirred soil is the best, and in addition to deep stirring the soil should be worked into a fine condition. When early potatoes are desired, select one of the best early varieties. Plow deep furrows, and where each hill is to be planted, drop a small amount of well rotted manure. Put over this about three Inches of loamy soil, on this plant a medium sized potato with four or five inches of soil pressed down firmly. The manure will add materially in supplying warmth and drainage and forces quick germination. When the plants show above ground, thin, two not over three stalks in each hill, cultivate sufficiently to keep the soil loose and the weeds down. If the proper care is taken rapid growth can be secured. and the potatoes will be ready for the table sooner than by any ether flan. How Many Seed to a Pound? Number of farm seeds in a pound varies greatly with even the leading farm crops. Red top 603,000, reed canary grass 600,000, smooth-stalked meadow grass 2,40*3,000, rough-stalked meadow grass, 3,000.000, sheep's fescue. 680,000, various-leafed fescus 400,000, creeping fescue 600, awnless brome grass 137,000, perennial rye grata 336,300, Italian rye grass 283,-1

•», orchard grass 57!i.5t>0. meadow tescue 318,200, meadow oat grass 150,000, yellow oat grass 2 045,0n0, velvet grass 1,304,000, timothy, 1,170,500, : meadow foxtail 007,00 u, vernal grass * 924,000, crested dog's tail 1,127,000, । alsike clover 707.0n0, sainfoin 22,500, ' red clover 279.000, white clover 740,000, : common kidney vetch 154.0*10, alfalfa 1 . or lucern 209.500, trefoil 32S,0<X). bird’s j ' foot trefoil 375,000, official goat's rue । ' 02,000. Helps for Butchering Time. There is more or less work in the ■ killing of small animals during the j winter on many farms, and always the annual butchering; although it is getting to be quite the fashion in the more thickly settled portions of the country to sell the hogs in the fall and buy the meat back from the town butcher at double price during the winter. Where there is more or less butchering to be done oue should have

KJ r IF » FOR THE FARM BUTCHER. for ready use a large boiler of some : kind so that a quantity of water may I be heated at one time; tools such as I knives, saws and other things used ! should be kept in proper shape and everything be in readiness so that the hard and disagreeable work may be over with as soon as possible. The illustration shows a wok for hanging the carcass of an animal, which should be on every farm where butchering is done. It needs but little

ilescription. A post eight or ten inches through and five or six feet high is set firmly in the ground, and cross-pieces,, two inches or more thiek and eight feet long spiked to the pole, in The positions i shown, so that they will project three feet on either side. They are notched near the ends as shown and braced underneath. These racks will save one much strength, for when the hogs are I hung on them they are easily cut. . Homemade Tread Power. A light tread power for churning, turning grindstone, etc., is made by mounting a disk wheel nearly horizontally. the axle being inclined so om j portion will be higher than the other : The dog. sheep or calf used for motive power is tied at one side, headed to- । ward the higher part. As the animal walks, the wheel turns because of the animal's weight, and communicates motion to the pulley or small frictior wheel beneath. There are no belts, nc cogs. The weight of the animal bearr the part of the large inclined wheel upon the smaller wheel beneath and causes it to revolve. A discarded wagon wheel might be used as the framework of the large wheel, nailing boards on the upper surface for the animal to walk on. or TREATi I’OWFB AND < H' BN. ' a frame is easily made, and if some- ’ what larger than a wagon wheel—say 1 G feet or 7 feet in diameter —the circle will be larger and the animal will find the walking more direct. The under wheel may be 6 or 8 inches in diameter. The power is increased by giving the large wheel more pitch, and diminished by setting it more nearly level. —E. C. Bennett, in St. Louis Republic. Don't Be a Kicker.

Some men would rather kick against i some treatment they are having or find fault with the administration than to talk about their business and how ' to make it more of a success. Most people talk over their business at any and all opportunities, but I have seen farmers in a crowd that would talk about everything else. Finding fault with the weather, the railroads, or wreaking vengeance on the road supervisor or some such thing does not assist one particle in making a better i farmer out of a man. The successful man advertises his business and has interest enough in it to talk about it [ to his neighbors and others with whom he comes in contact. —Cor. lowa Homestead. Two Year or One Year Treea. Two-year-old trees are larger than 1-year-olds, and generally will bear a year sooner. But 1-year-old trees give a smaller per cent of failures to live. | Generally the older a tree is the greater care is necessary in transplanting.i When a large number of trees are to I be planted it is safer to use young ones. If a few only are to be planted it is quite easy to give each one all the care necessary to insure growth. Horse Notes to Remember. A horse that is well trained is worth half a dozen that are but half broken and are therefore unsafe and undesir- i able. Never buy a horse with a narrow or j sallow chest, or whose forelegs are very close together. He has not sufficient room for a set of strong lungs; and will not be long winded. In the treatment of distemper an English veterinary advises the beneii-I cial effect of binlodide of mercury as an antiseptic. Its good effects are due more to its absorption than to its blistering action, as it is the most powerful of all antiseptics (microbe killers). It was used successfully in scores of cases as a blister applied to the swell- : Ing under the jaws. Distemper is an I infective disease which usually confers-. ! subsequent immunity on the patient -

THEWEEKLY ; HISTORIAN A lUwis&x ' -i One Hundred Years Ago. The famous code of Napoleon was . adopted by France Napoleon issued an edict requiring every person in Paris above the age of 15 years to carry an identification card containing his personal description. More than sixty. Chouans were executed at Bressuire, France, because they had no passcrs’Y.; leaw- —ft’ve nrov!nce. “ a . r She. ; „ oentatives passed a bill providing foi- the protection of , American seamen and ships by armed forces from the attacks of the Barbary powers. The Emperor of Russia ordered the translation into the vernacular of the works of Tacitus, this being taken as an indication of increasing civilization in . Russia. A bill to remove the seat of govern- ' ment to Baltimore was agitated in Congress on the ground that property, rents, living and hotel accommodations were , too high priced in Washington. ; Seventy-five Years Ago. I Steamboasts were being built to ply • between Green Bay on Lake Michigan > and the portage of the Wisconsin, for > the purpose of carrying lead from mines in the upper Mississippi valley to east- . srn markets. Lands belonging to the Cherokee In- ' 'linns in the South Atlantic States were ! being rapidly settled by the whites. ! There were reported 130 cotton fae-

tones in the State of Rhode Island. The Legislature of Mexico passed a special law expelling all Spaniards from the country. Violent earthquakes occurred in Spain. ' Fully 6.000 persons perished, and Mareia and other villages were devastated. Schuylkill coal sold for §ls a ton in the yards in New York. fifty Years Ago. The confidential correspondence between the Czar and the English government regarding the fate of Turkey was laid before Parliament. The House of Representatives had 234 members, and there were 62 Senators, representing thirty-one States. .V mutiny broke out on the American clipper ship Sovereign of the Seas, en route from Australia to Liverpool, which was put down by guns and bayonets. Heavy failures were announced in London. Manchester and Glasgow, beginning a period of extraordinary commercial disaster. There was an exciting debate in Parl^nent over the rights of British negro seamen in the Southern ports of the United States. The government of Prussia, absolutely । prohibited the transit of arms from its , territory. — forty Years Ago. The property of eight citizens of Superior. Wis.. was confiscated by the United States government because of their Confederate sympathies. . Gon. U. S. Grant formally took command of the United States army Et Nashville, Tenn. Arkansas citizens voted for State officers under the newly reconstructed government. The National House of Representatives appointed n commission to select the site for a United States navy yard * on the Ohio river. ' Vote was taken in Congress on propo- ' sitiou of Representative Harding o f Ken- • tncky forbidding the use of any part of . the army appropriation to pay negro . ! troops. Great droves of buffaloes were report- ’ I ed in the Cheyenne river valley, followj ed by hundreds of Indians. Thirty Years Ago.

Queen Victoria opened the British Parliament with a speech announcing the end of the Ashantee war, the Indian famine, and serious labor troubles in England. News first reached the United States | that Prince Kalakaua had been elected King of the Sandwich Islands, to succeed Lunalilo. Mrs. De Geers, the temperance crusader. issued an appeal to Mayor Colvin of Chicago to veto the Sunday saloon license law. The funeral of United States Senator ; Charles G. Sumner was held in Boston, John G. Whittier and Ralph Waldo Em- ' erson attending. I — Twenty Years Ago. Gen. James W. Singleton of Illinois was proposed as Democratic candidate for President of the United States. British Parliament was expected to dissolve owing to split in cabinet over , Gladstone’s Egyptian policy. Enemies of Postmaster General Gresham were accused of trying to embroil । him and Senator (later President! Ban- । jamin Harrison by a petition asking that > the former be appointed federal judge. The national House of Representai rives voted on the bill for the proposed new congressional library on Capitol mu. The rush of gold miners for the newly discovered Coeur d’Alene district was i begun. Friends of Senator John A. Logan met i in Chicago, with E. 1.. Jayne presiding. - Vo launch his presidential boom. Ten Years Ago. Henry George, at a lecture in Chicago, urged the abolishment of the United States Senate as the “creature of trusts and monopolies.’’ President Grover Cleveland refused to ' meet a bankers’ delegation from the i New York Chamber of Commerce, which | had'asked an audience on the Bland fiat money bill. Lord Rosebery, then British premier, in a speech at Edinburg declared that i a majority of Englishmen favored home rule for' Ireland. British House of Comicions adopted a i resolution advising that the House of ! Lords- be abolished.