Wabash Herald, Volume 1, Number 38, Rockville, Parke County, 31 December 1831 — Page 2

Teditary dominions of the Emperor, the Talae of which has been hitherto little known, and, of course, not sufficiently appreciated. While our commerce finds an entrance into the South of Germany by means of this Treaty, those e hare formed with the Hanseatic Towns and Prussia, and others now in negotiation, will open that vast country to the enterprising spirit of our merchants, on the north: a country abounding in alt the materials for a mutually beneficial commerce, filled with enlightened and industrious inhabitants, holding an important place in the politic of F.urone. and to which we owe

so many valuable citizens. The ratihc?tion of the Treat y with the Forte was epnt tnhp xchan?ed by the gentleman

appointed our Charged' Affairs to that "rAnrf. Some difficulties occurred on

" bis arrival; but at the date of his last official despatch, he supposed they had

teen obviated, and that there was eve ryprospect of the exchange beingspee Jilr pfiected.

This finishes the connected view, I

have thought it proper to give of our political and commercial relations iu Europe. Every effort in my power

will be continued to strengthen and

extend them by Treaties founded on

principle? of the most perfect recipro

city of interest, neither asking nor conceding any exclusive advantage, but

liberating as far as it lies in my power

the activity and industry of our fellow

citizen from the shackles which foreign

' restrictions 'mav impose.

To China and the East Indies, our commerce continues in its usual extent

and with increased facilities, which the

the credit and capital of our merchants

afford, by substituting bills for paymen

in specie. A daring outrage having

been committed in those sea by th

plunder of one of our merchantmen en.

gagd in the pepper trade at a port in

Sumatra, and the piratical pcrpet'T.lor

belonging to tribes in such a state of

society, that the usual course o? pro

ceedmgs between civilized nations

could not be pursued, I forthwith des

patched a Irrigate with orders to re

quire immediate satisfaction for the

injury, and indemnity to the suderers.

Few changes have taken place in

our connexions with the independen

States of America since my last com mimics lion to Congress. The ratiilca

tion of a Commercial Treaty with the

United Republics of Mexico has bee

for some time under deliberation in their Congress, but was still undecided at the date of our last despatches. The unhappy civil commotions that have prevailed there, were undoubtedly the ca-ise of the delay; but as the Government is now said to be tranquilized, we may hope soou to receive the ratification of the Treaty, and an arrangement for the demarcation of the hour-dories between us. In the mean

time iv important trade has been open

ed, wiia mutual benefit, from St. Lou

is in the State of Missouri, by caravans,

to the it uinor provinces of Mexico.

This con a - .-cc is protected in its pro

gress thro-igu the Indian countries by

the troops of the United States, which

have been permitted to escort the caravans. b?yv, d our boundaries to the settled part of the Mexican territory. Fivm Central America I have received assurances of the most friendly kind, and a gratifying application for our good offices to remove a supposed indisposition towards that Government

in a neighboring State: this application was immediately and successfully complied with. They gave us also the pleasing intelligence that differences which' had prevailed in their internal affairs had been peaceably adjusted. Our Treaty with this Republic continues to be faithfully observed and promises a great and beneficial commerce between the two countries: a commerce of the greatest importance, if the magnificent pn. iect of a ship canal through the dominions of that State; from the Allantic to the Pacific Ocean,, now in serious contemplation, shall be executed. I have great satisfaction in commuricaUr.gthe success which has attended the exertions of our Minister in Colombia, to procure a very considerable reduction in the duties on our flour in thtt Republic, Indemnity ako, has been stipulated for injuries received by our merchants from illegal seizures; and renewed assurances are given that

the Treaty between th two countries

shall be faithfully observed.

Chili and i'eru seem to be still threa

tened with civil commotions; and un

til they shall be scttl l disorders may ill

naturally be apprehended, rcmirin

the constant orsence of a Naal force

in the Pacific Ocean, to prated our fish eries and guard our commerce.

The disturbance that took place in

the Empire of Brazil, previously to,

and immediately consequent upon, the

abdication of the late Emperor, neces

sarily suspended any effectual appltca tion for the redress ol some past inju

ries suffered by our citizens from thai Government, while they have been the

cause of others, in which all foreigners

seem to have "participated - Instruc-j

tions have been given to our Minister

there, to press lor indemnity due tor

losses occasioned oy mest: irregularities: and to tike care that our fellowcitizens shall enjoy all the privileges stipulated in their favor, by the Treaty lately made between the two powers, all which, the good intelligence that

prevails between our Minister at iio Janeiro and the Regency, gives us the

best reason to expect.

I should have placed Buenos Avres

in the list of South American powers in respect to which nothing of importance affecting us was to be communicated, but for occurrences which have

atelv taken place at the Falkland Is-

auds, in which the name of that Re

public has been used to cover with a

show cf authority, acts injurious to our

commerce, and to the property ard lib

erty of our fellow-citizens. In the course of the present year, one of our vessels engaged in the pursuitof a trade

which we have always enjoyed, with

out molestation, has been captured by a band acting, as they pretend, under

the authority ot the Government of Buenos Avres. I have therefore given

orders for the despatch of an armed vessel, to join our squadron in those

seas, and aid m aiiordmg all lawful protection to our trade which shall be necessary; and shall without delay send

a Minister to enquire into the nature of the circumstances, and also cf the

claim, if any, that is set up by that

Government, to those Islands. In the

mean time I submit the case to the consideration of Congress, to the end that they may clothe the Executive

with such authority and means as they

mav deem necessary for providing a

force adeiuate to the complete pretec

tion cf our fellow-citizens fishing and

trading in those seas. This rapid sketch of our foreign re

(aliens it is hoped, fellow-citizens, may

be of some use in so much of vour le

gislatien as may bear on that important

subject; while it atiords fo the country

at large a source of high gratification

m the contemplation of our political and commercial connexion with the

rest of the world. At peace with al

having subjects of future difference

with few, and those susceptible of easv

adjustment extending our commerce gradually on all side, and on none by

any but the most liberal and mutual!

beneficial mean?, wc mav, by the

blessing of Providence, hope for all

that national prosperity which can be derived from an intercourse with foreign nations, guided by those eternal principles of justice and reciprocal good will, which are binding as well upon States, as the individuals of whom they are composed. 1 have great satisfaction in making this statement of our aflairs, because the course of our national policy enables mc to do it without any indiscreet exposure of what in other governments usually concealed from the people. Having none but a straight forward open course fo pursue guided by a single principle that will bear the strongest light we have happily no political combinations to form, no alliances to entangle us, no complicated interests to consult; and in subjecting all to the inspection of the worl J, we give no advantage to other nations, and lay ourselves open to no injury. It may not be improper to add that to preserve this stale of things and give

confidence to the world in the integrity of our designs, all our consular and diplomatic agents are strictly enjoined to examine well every cause of complaint preferred by our citizens; and,

while they urge with proper earnestness those that are well founded, to countenance none that arc unreasonable or unjust, and to enjoin on our merchants

and navigators the strictest obedience to the laws of the countries to which they resort, and a course of conduct in their dealings that may support the character of our nation and render us respected abroad.

Connected with this subject 1 must recommend a revisal of our consular laws. Defects and omissions have been discove red in their operation that ought

l be remedied and supplied, l or

your further information on this sub

ject I have directed a report to be

made by the Secretary of Stale, which I shall hereafter submit to your conside

ration.

The internal peace and security of

our contederatcd Stales, is the next principal object of the General Government. Time and experience have proved that the abode of the native Indian within their limits is dangerous to their peace, and injurious lo himself. In accordance with my recommendation at a former Session of Congress an appropriation of half a million of dollars was made to aid the voluntary re

moval of the various tribes, beyond the limits of the States. At the last Session, I had the happiness to an

nounce that the Chickasaws and Choc

taws had accepted the generous offer of the Government, and agreed to re

move beyond the Mississippi liter, by

which the whole bt the Slate of Miss

issippi and the Western part of Alaba

ma will be freed from Indian occupancy and opened to a civilized population. The Treaties with these tribes are in a course of execution, and their removal, it is hoped, will be completed in the course of 1832. 4 .

At the request of the authorities of

Georgia, the registration of Cherokee Indians for emigration has been resumed, and it is confidently expected, that one half, if not two thirds of that tribe, will follow the wise example of their more westerly brethren. Those who prefer remaining at their present homes, will hereafter be governed by the laws of Georgia, as all her citizens are, and cease to ho the objects of peculiar care, on the part of the General Government.

may be extinguished, either by feclemptionor purchase, within the four tears of my administration. We shall then exhibit the rare example of a great nation, abounding in all the means of happiness and security, altogether free from debt. 'The confidence with which the extinguishment of the public debt may be anticipated, presents an opportunity for carrying into effect more fully the

j policy in relation lo important duties,

which lias been recommended in my former messages. A modification of the Tariff, which shall produce a reduction of our revenue to the wants of the Government, nnd an adjustment of o( the duties on imports with a view to equal justice in relation to all our national interests, and to the counteraction of foreign policy, so far as it

During the present year, the alten-1 may be injurious to those interests, is tion of the Government has been par- deemed to be one of the principal ob-

ticululv directed to those tribes in the

powerful and growing State of Ohio,

where considerable tracts of the finest

ands were still occupied by the abori

ginal proprietors. Treaties, cither ab-

.-Mutc or conditional, have been made,

extinguishing the whole Indian title to

the reservations in that Slate; and the

time is not distant, it is hoped, when Ohio will be no longer embarassed with

the Indian population. The same measures will he extended to Indiana, as soon as there is reason to anticipate success.

It is confidently believed that perse-

verence for a few years in the present policy of the Government, will extin

guish the Indian title to all lands lying within the States composing our Federal Union, and remove beyond their

limits every Indian who is not willing to submit to their laws. Thus will all conflicting claims lo jurisdiction between the States and the Indian tribes be put to rest. It is pleasing, to reflect that results so beneficial, not only

to the States immediately concerned,

but to the harmony of the Lnion, will have been accomplished by measures

equally advantageous to the Indians.

hat the native savages become when

surrounded by a dense population, and by mixing with li e whites, may be

ects which demand the consideration

of the present Congress. Justice to the interests of the merchant as well as the manufacturer, requires that material reductions in the import duties be prospective; and unless the present Congress shall dispose of the subject, the proposed reduc

tions cannot properly be made to take

effect at the period when the necessity

lor the revenue arising Irom present rates shall cease. It is therefore desirable, that arrangements be adopted at

your preseutscssion, to relieve the peo

ple from unnecessary taxation, after

the extinguishment of the public debt.

In the exercise of that spirit of conces

sion and conciliation which has distin

guished the friends of our Union in all great emergencies, it is believed thrt this object may be effected without injury to any national interest. In my annual message of December, 1829, I had the honor to recommend the adoption of a more liberal policy than that which then prevailed towards unfortunate debtors to the Government; and I deem it my duty again to invite your attention to this subject. Actuated by similar views, Congress at their last session past: an act for the

relief of certain insolvent debtors of

seen in the miserable remvants of a few j the United States; but the provision

eastern tribes, deprived ol political and jo! that law have not been deemed such

civil rights, forbidden to make contracts and subjected to guardians, dragging

out a wretched existence, without excitement, without hope and almost without thought. Rut the removal of the Indians beyond the limits and jurisdiction of the States, docs not place them beyond the reach of philanthropic aid and christian instruction. On the contrary these whom philanthropy or religion imy induce to live among them in their new abode, will be more free in the exercise of their benevolent fjnetions, than if they had remained w ithin the limits of the States, embarassed by their internal regulations. Now, subject to no control but the superintending agency of the General Government, exercised with the sole view of preserving peace, they may proceed unmolested in th interesting experiment of

gradually advancing a community of

American Indians lrom barbarism to the habits and enjovments of civilized life.

Among the happiest effects of the improved relations of our republic, has

been an increase of trade, producing a

corresponding increase of revenue, be

yond the most sanguine anticipations of

the Treasury Department

The state of the public finances will

be fully shewn by the Secretary of the

Ireasuty, in the report which he will presently lay before you. I will here

however congratulate you upon their prosperous condition. The revenue

received in the present year will not

fall short of twenty-seven millions, seven hundred thousand. The payment on account of the principal and interest of the debt, during the year, will not fall short of twenty seven millions, seven hundred thousand dollars; and the expenditures for all objects, other than the public debt, will not exceed sixteen millions and a half of dollars: a greater sum than has been applied to that object, out of the revenue, in any year since the enlargement of Ihe sinking fund, except the two years following immediately .thereafter. The amount which will have been applied to the public debt from the 1th of March, 1829, to the 1st of January next, which is less than three years since, the administration has been placed in my hands, will exceed forty millions of dollars. From the large importations of the present year, it may be safely estimated that the revenue which will be received into the Treasury from that source during the next year, with the. aid of that received from the public hinds, will considerably exceed the amount of the present year; and it is believed that with the means which the Government will have at its disposal, from various sources, which will bo fully staled by the proper depart, ment, the whole of the public debt

as were adequate to that relief to this unfortunate cla?s of our fellow citizen?, which may be safely extended to them. The points in which the law appears? to

lie defective will be particulaly com

municated by fhc Secretary of Ihe

treasury: and I take pleasure in re

commending such an extension of its

provisions as w ill unfetter the enter-

prize of a valuable portion of our citi

zens, and restore them the means of

usefulness to themselves and the com

munity-, While deliberating upon this

subject, I would also recommend lo

your consideration the propriety of so

modifying th laws for enforcing the payment debts due either to the public

or to individuals suing in the courts of

the United States, as lo restrict the

imprisonment of the person to cases of

fraudulent concealment of property. The personal liberty of the citizens

seems too sacred lo be held, us in many

cases it now is, at the will of a creditor to whom he is willing to surrender all

the means he has of discharging his

debt.

The reports from the Secretaries of the War and Navy Departments, and from the Postmaster General which accompany this message, present satisfactory views of the operations of the Departments respectively under their

charge; and suggest improvements

which arc worlhy of, and to which I invite the serious attention to Congress.

Certain defects and omissions having been discovered in the operation of the laws respecting Patents, they are pointed out lo the accompanying report

1 1 dm the Secretary ot State. 1 have heretofore recommended amendments of the Federal Constitu

tion giving the election of President

and Vice President to the people, and limiting the service of the former to a single term. So important do I consider these changes in our fundamental law, that I cannot, in accordance with my sense of duty, omit to press them upon the consideration of a new Congress. For my views more at large, as well in relation to these points as to the disqualification of members of Congress to receive an office from a President in whose election they have had an official agency, which I proposed as a subitilutc, 1 refer you to my former message. Our system of public accounts is extremely complicated, and, is believed, may be much improved. Much of the present machinery, and a considerable portion of the expenditure of public money may bo dispensed with, while greater facilities can be offcrded lo the liquidation of claims upon the Government, and an examination into their justice and legality, quite as efficient as present, secured. With a view to a general reform in the system, I recom

mend the subject to the attention of

Congress.

I deem it my duty again to call ytar attention to the condition of the District of Columbia. It was doubtless wise in the framcrs of our Constitution, to place the people of this District under the jurisdiction of the General Goverment,but, to accomplish the objects they had in view, it 3 not neccs?ary that this people should be deprived of all the privileges of self-government. Independently of the difficulty of inducing the Representatives of distant States to turn their attention to projects of laws which arc not of the highest interest to their constituents, they aro individually, nor in Congress collective ly, well qualified lo legislate over the local concerns of this District. Consequently, its intcrcstnre much neglected, and the people arc almost afraid to present their grievances, lest a body, iu which they are not represented, and which feel? little sympathy in their local relations, should, in its attempt to make laws for Ihcm, do more harm than good. Governed by the law3 of the States whence they were severed, the two shores of the Potomac within the ten miles square, have different penal codes: not the present codes ot Virginia and Maryland, but such as exist in those Stales at the time of the cession to the United Stales. As Congress will not form a new code, and as the people ofthc District cannot make one for themselves, they arc virtually under two Governments". Is it not just lo allow them at least a delegate in Congress, if not a local Legislature to, make laws for the District, subject to the approval or rejection of Congress. I earnestly recommend the extension to them of every political right which their interests require, and which may

be conmparible with the Constitution,

1 he extension of the Judiciary si.

tern of the United Stales, is deemed to

be one of the duties of Government

One fourth of the Slates in the Union, do not participate in the benefits of a

Circuit Court. To the States of Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Alabama, Mis

sissippi and Louisiana, admitted into Ihe Union since the present Judicial system was organized, only a District Court has been allowed. If this be. sufficient, then the Circuit Court, nl ready existing "in eighteen States, , ought lo be abolished; if it be not suf

ficient the defect ought to be vcnae&k cd and these States placed on the same footing with the other member of the Union. It was on this condition, and on this fooling, that they entered the Union, and they may demand Circuit Courts as a matter, not of concessions, but of right. I trust that Congress will not adjourn, leaving this anonioly in our system. Entertaining the opinions heretoforeexpressed in relation lo the Rank of the United Slates, as at present organized, 1 felt it my duty, in nay former messages, frankly to disclose them, in order that the attention of the legisla. lure and the people should be seasonably directed to that important subject and that it it might be considered and., finally disposed of in a manner best calculated to promote the ends of Ihe Constitution, and subserve the public inters ests. Having Ihus conscientiously discharged a Constitutional duty, I deem it proper on this occasion, without a.

more particular reference to the views ofthc subject then expressed, to leave it for the present to the investigation of an enlightened people and their representatives. . In conclusion, permit mc to invoke that Power which superintends nil Go

vernments, to infuse into your dclibcr-

nllnnc f i l.io ! .-4 n ..:!, - C . 1.!- -

iuiuuui. im iiiiui iimv isia ui uui History, a spirit of mutual forbearance and , conciliation. In that snirit wn our-

Union formed, and in that spirit must it be preserved. ' ANDREW JACKSON. Washington, December 6th, 1831. . i Vw (VT LOOK HERE, cq TUB LAST ROUND; WITHOUT MORE IOjVEV. A LL Persons indebted to me, efc. xSk. ther by note or book account; arc requested to call and settle their accounts on or before the tenth day of January next, as fherc will be no longer indulgence given. Those who do not comply with thit s request, may expect to find theif accounts placed In the hands of a magistrate for collection. " ' WELLS HUBBARD; 1 Dee. 24, 1831. 37-3t " Notice - ALL Persons indebted to the firrft of LEONARD & TULEY, or to the subscriber individually ; are hereby notified, , that their unliquidated notes and accounts, will he placed qv the first of January in the hands of magistrate for collection. Office removed to the house wcit of Blackburn's shop. t E. A. LEONARD. Rockvilhnpc 1,1831. 34-l