Western Statesman, Volume 2, Number 2, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 25 March 1831 — Page 1

WTE

rmrra mm "THE CONSTITUTION WISD031, JUSTICE, MODERATION."1

VOL 11.

FR1NTK.II AND rTBI IHHHI BY iiilto.x ;i:i :,(;, eOBNSU Of HIGH AJil) NIIOKT 8THKET9. TKKMS : 1WO DOM.AHS AND HF I Y rF.NTSp.-r mr, pay. M within thr Ti nr; lint may In- iliMiurir. ,1 t'v tir Caymil of TWO DOLLARS in !thi,c,.. Three ii,tl,, Vr the unimrnci incut will beiilluvcil fur advance imvnnil. 1 ' Thow ho rereire their papers by private i,m must 1j U postage, or M will be added to their aulwrip. pa-r will lie hsontinu.liintil all ammiri'Oni Mid (unless at the option the Editor) j and a failure .y "."'"""'''''a'"-' t the end of the time ubrllKil, ill lie rnnsulered anew engagement Utters to the I'.ditor must he post paid CO1 ADVEUTISKMENTS inserted at the jxhvI rates. CIRCULAR Washington-, ."March, 131. Fellow Citizens: That power which, by your kind partialities, was conferred upon me, will, by the provisions of our excellent constitution, very soon return again into your hands, to whom it le-itimatdv belongs ; and beiti ' .,h,,.it t !., i..;. 1. 1 . .-ii. nient, dignity and resjiecl abroad, stability and security at home, and to render it a blessing to the people who constitute it. These principles have been my polar star, amid the conflicts and collisions of party, which you all know and all feel, have had' too much intl lence of late over our public councils. I could have wished to be able, in performing what I thought my duties, to have pleased all my constituents : but that was hopeless. I therefore aimed to do what I thought right, leaving my conduct to the liberal judgment of nil those whom 1 represented, aided by the kind indulgence of those who had heretofore honored me. with their confidence. Our navy rides triumphant in every sea, protecting our commerce w itn every nation. Our army is reduced to the minimum of a peace establishment. These things are as they should be. An overgrown military establishment in time of peace, would be ruinous to our country ; it would not only create droned in society, consume our substance, and injure the morals of tho community, but beget dispositions altogether unfriendly to the maintenance of republican institution-!. No such evils are to he apprehended from the navy ; it is continually exploring distant latitude, and pi mi jhing distant seas, which, without its unremitted vigilance, would be so irilested with pirates, mir commerce would soon ocaso with every country. Liberty is seen lighting up her treh in every clime, while religion and morality are spreading their benignant influence to the benighted regions beyond the luxioe. The crescent is seen bowing to the cross, and tho bigoted Musselman consenting to become the ally of his , I .. . IV 1 . ' 1 .1 " 11't I police oetcMi o j contain orotner. v nue we are learning the arts of manipulation of Kurope, she is taking lessons of freedom and independence of us. America has the proud renown f enlightening mankind so far as she has bee n permitted to extend her associations. l!y her (xample, man has been taught the dignity of his nature, and that to enjoy freedom, it was only necessary for hini to will it to be so. Our foreign relations have rather mended than detciiorated. Uy the influence of the Russian arms, we have been admitted to a free infrcs ami egress to the interior of the Turkish Umpire. Our intercourse with the CJrund St ignior, is no doubt improved, though settled upon tern1.' of width I am Cot fully advis-ed . Whether the re doratiuii of our direct trade w ith the llritish West India islands, will be beneficial tons or not, seems to be problematical, and w hich time only will prove. In regard to the subjects of legislation no important measure of internal improvement has succeeded in the present Congress, nor will any, during the present administration, w ithout a change in the opinionn of our chief magistrate. Various attacks have been made, upon tin." tariff, by the minority opposed to it, but without any decree of f net ess. An act has passed the House of Representatives, during the present session, giving a certain portion of pay to every revolutionary officer who served nine months, and every soldier ho served six months, including the niililia. The bill graduating the price of the public lands, or granting donations to actual settlers, will not be acted on during the present session. It is a great and important measure, and it waa perhaps doe to tho bier States, that they bhouhl have time to reflect maturely, in order to make up their minds upon it. An act has passed the Senate, and has been reortcd by the committee of ways and means, appropriating seventy-five thousand Hollars for continuing the Cumberland Road through the Slate of Indiana ; as likew ise, for erecting n bridge over White River, at Indianapolis ; and a proposition has been tnade bv the legislature of Ohio, which will no doubt be acceded to by Congress, to take the road within that State, and keep if in repair, they having the privilege of erecting toll ga ten, and collecting tollti sufficient only for that purpose. It is intended by 'ho friends of the road in Congress, to make the same proposition to the States of IYnnvl vama, Maryland, ami Virginia. It deed the only mode in which it can be kept in repair. An art ban parsed the House of Representatives, allowing a pre-empt"'" right to tho who have relinquished lands

it is proper I should give you some account ! f'T purchasing all the land within the lim- ! us half the Sum and without interfering -id, Ps-a them, they are lodged no where which change it with them at their reduced prices.we hew 1 have discharged the high dut.es at- i of our State I should have been in, j la,t the sum, and thout intuiering w 111 . is aUo!rol,ier iadi,i,Sable, beenuse the power 1 are the hners to the amount of the earria. inched to ,t. I have endeav.d to keen 1 Ctl to make -rcat ever ,,w I ' al'nUSt f .nguislnng every branch ol to protect the country from the invasion of a backward and forward, together with the d.fteid,ly in X iew those 41 . ,.r 1 1 I Tl nil ' U i ,n',UStr-V 1,1 tllC CUlltr-V- 1 lhllik 1 am not j foreign enemy, or a domestic insurrection, is a r-nc.e of price and all risks and rnli.SeciS SI .-,UU. ? I'nnc.ples of tins bill at the last session, but exaggerating when I say, that the aid of important as that of protecting douiesti-, , an-! nttendin, the adventure. Would it not then " " vaieuiateii lo Five to our govern-! 'He Secretary ot ar nave, flip rpiilih tn hn. I ll..... 4 I 1. i . i" 1.- - o . , .. . , . , . . I. 1 . r j .1 . I t . ... l

1 i

AWUECKBUKGII, LVIHAXA; FIJI DAY,

than five dollars! ZJdlJZ T J? 1 dollar and ...,. r. . . j LLIU3 ,rr acre, anv ....... ..core im, .ilstot Julv next. This provision will enable all those who have had to relinquish a part of their improved lands, to secure the balance. And I would advise them particularly to take advantage ol the law within the time, for I doubt if fver another opportunity to do so, will be presented. A spirit of justice and liberality has governed the Congress of the United States in their course of legislation upon this subject, so deeply and vitally interesting to tho new States. Our Eastern brethren, who have, in years past, been such great sticklers lor husbanding the nuhli iioiilw" lands, havo seen the nerpwiivfr.Kv; the rigor of their course in that resoect. -w-jatT a. it iu.'.i i am, scent now disp-.scd to go as far as tiio.c that go farthest, in maintaining a liberal land system tor tip- new State Tl is ' oi me senate now jx ndmg m otk Mouse, and 1 have no doubt will lirccmcn - I law. for holdiiv n trr.-itv witli tl... 1,,.!;.... ! I'anatiii IIUIHIIT. ' ieve, that a part of the five hundred thou sand dollars, appropriated at that time, for removing the Southern Indians, would have been applied to that purpose. A bill has been reported by the committee of Internal Improvements, and is now pending in the house, authorizing the State to substitute a rail road, in place of a canal, if she shall deem it expedient to do so. I did not press the consideration of this bill, not thinking its passage at this session of very great itn portnnce to the State, but my "object more particularly was, to bring the subject before the people, for their rejection and determination, and I am glad to see that the legislature has placed both sides of the piest ion before them; further information will be thrown before the public during the next summer and fall. Acts w ere parsed during the last session, reducing the duties on tea, coflee, coco;., molasses, and salt; these acts have now taken ctlict,and will be, perhaps, slightly felt in the collections id' the revenue for this year, and it is to be feared will in the end, encroach upon the sinking fund. When I came into Congress, the public debt was upwards of ninety millions of dollars. The last t conomii-al administration reduced it upwards of forty millions, 'caving it at this time, with the reduction tindo t .. . i i i i .. ., iv uie present, a nine uovvanls i lortv

. , . . "J UHi Deducting however, thirteen millions, the ten millions of dollars annually, tiie'advanthree pvr cent stock, together with seven tage to the W estern ,e-.ple would be seven millions, the amount of the United States ! millions five hundred thousand dollars in Hank Stock, there will be but about t wen- j one year, or more or less, according to the ty millions of dollars remaining, a nd which. I amount or trans-pnnation which vuuild alby the operations of the sinking fund, will i most make cither a rail road or canal from b extinguished in two years. Here some j Kast to West. 1 have often said, and I momentous question- present themselves, j firmly believe,tl.atthe Western people w.nild vvhtthtril would be better to apply the 1 find that their interests were promoted by whole proceeds of the sinking fund, to the ! making one or other or both of those modes payment of the public debt, in order to ex-1 of conveyance at their own expense and 1 tinguish it immediately, or as speedily as ! have fu'niier said and do believe, that the possible, or to apply a portion of it to a gen-1 people of the United States would find their eral svstem of internal improvement by interest in making such an improvement out roads and canals.; and whether it would be of the public funds, as it would enhance the better, after the extinguishment of the pub-j pi ice of the public lands to a much greater lie debt, to reduce the tarifT to a mere rove- j amount than the cost of such an establishnue system, which should be barely ade- j m nt, and if it be thought the funds of the quate to the ordinary expenditures of the , (ie.ieral Government would be too much government. This appears to be the opin- j encroached upon, it would be no more than ion of a large majority of the present ruling j reasonable and just that the proceeds of the party in Congress, as well as a ma jority of sales ofjthe Western la mbjshould be applied the present administration. It has been my j to that object until it was accomplished misfortune to differ with them on these ; Or nerhaps a surer, and tuster. and better

points aim uniceu several others, and it has; . i i i i ... only been by a division among themselves,! that w. were aide to m linf.m V.. iv. 1 tnat vvt vvue aiie lo maintain ti.e negative i of those great questions in '.. r! the councils of the Union. It will not be expected of me to discuss these important subjects, wiihin the narrow limits of a circular letter, but I will beg leave to state a few facts, and leave you to tlraw the conclusions. As I have never yet timidly wiibheld my opinions from you in .any case in which you were interested, and as a crisis in our public olTkirs has arisen, in which to vascillatc or equivocate, would be criminal, I shall not shrink from that responsibility which every honest statesman fails it a duty to take upon himself. In relation to the first of those questions, whether it would be better to apply the w hole proceeds of the sinking fund to the payment of the public debt. As regards the sum of seven millions of dollars due to the Hank of the United States, the President recommends a repeal of the charter of that institution, and if that is to be done, it would seem altogether useless to pay up the money for the stock which the Government holds, m rely to draw it out again, when the Hunk shall wind up its business. It now produces an interest of six percent, per annum, w bile the average interest which tho Government pays on its debt, is about four or four antl a half. And

III relation to the three per cent, slocks, it j in other words, if they ha ve the power, and it I ture as cheap as they do in some other counwotild teeiil equally useless to pay tin that, I ' their duty to transport the mail from one j tries ; and when I make this iulinision for the

i f the funds could be vested in any object of I'"'"1 ol the I n ion to another, have they not j sake of argument, which is really not true, I j y ard of cloth, than in Kn gland ? Wool may tie ll Utility or such an one. as would j ""' l'"v r "choosing the means by w hich they j shall lay it down as one of the strongest rea-I made as plenty, materials for making luachine-l-'1 ' ' ' g. . , .i will 1 rant! mrt it ' I )r if i lie v c:i n ;! al.li ji i suns in f:i or of i h t :iri IF. n nil slial I hIw.w. t h:i i ! r v n r :i nlput v . frv 1 h in if is in :t bun dance.

yied an interest t more man three percent. ' ' I ner nun um, ano which one woi u iiiiiik , . could be done without great difliculty. The benefits resulting to the Government alone from a general system of internal improvement is incalculable. W hat was our situation the last wart Our troops on the Northern frontier were in a state of starvation half their time, because of the limited mean of transportation. Suppose the New Vork and Ohio canals had been open, provisions eould have been carried

JlT ..f , tI3ta,e19 S"ffl.citnt !

u ouITm u pieuuiuuy, me whole ar- !

my at a cost ot not more than eight dollars or a r:ul ad 1,,r that purpose, or aid the intera barrel, when it is a well known fact, test-1 VL"'" States in doing it? It mi-ht not be ed by the recordsof the country, that it ha cxFieili,'t lor Ton-re" to do any of then- thincost o.uhe frontier, as high as "sixty dollars ,,tlTt,,th,,J the ,.ow, r, I have no more 1U1., ,1 , ,1 ., . doubt than that thev Lave the power to pass pt r harrel, and otluT weighty articles in pro- .,,.; in l lvr .,, , -,, !, ., 1 ; o - .1 . a pension law. Ana hen- I will a-k the rerunsportion. H by, the extra expense ot supply- ,ion to u,e the same argument in their favor, ing the army during that war alone, ocea- that General Jackson -. in Li s-a.c, in resioned by the lack of their canals, was m-r ; lation to the tariil'laws, for prot. t tm.- doim than Would have made them both. The ; tic manufat tnre, lor it ii totally nnan-wera-benetits resulting from those facilities in ' l'le' ,llial,.v M the one cae as in the olbt-r. transporting of troops and munitions of war ! 1" relation to that uhject he ajs in subby land through the interior of the Union, !ta"ci'i (I t in-an to quote him literally,)

are equal, if not greater that those of the ' wh navv. The naval establishment . ..'t? .. r ... - , :h : 1 1 i . n i j r , , v in ii rv ii nir riiir ii in l i.trTtt--ixtjtt.i . ii i :j . . r . .t i .i ..ont MU lain uui iou.i j,ei UlCre Uie same siai pidirtotisly laid out m a v. el! di- , rcs'0,1 flcm 01 geiieral internal linjirovemcnt, and a three years war, ot the grade j ol the last, ri-uhl be prosecuted more t ill-: rientlv with one half the number of men I in.) . ,C r.,.t ;.r o , .. l .i...t . :.. .i .. P i- . . I I ! Tl'tl mi ' niV !IC I I'H llil lTlt-III nAl n.t 1 Vork and Ohio, would have saved the gov ernment of the United States more than one hundred millions of dollars, while the whole works themselves, have not cost twenty mil-! lions hy, to carry a single piece of ar-i

tlllery weighing, say one toil, from the Las- I therefore seems proper that I should $av"om- ' the wealthy in the ooiititrj to which it goes. I tern to the Western extreme of the Union, thing about it, as 1 am desirous my constitu- j have said that the restrictive duties, or the tarin 'he ordinary mode of transportation by ' ets should clearly understand it. : i one of the sure, t means by which the work-

land, would formerly, or during the war, have cost perhaps between three and four hundred dollars, while such a piece, with the small improvements which have been since made, could be carried for less than one bundled. These kind of improvements i . - , 1-1 r I Viewed simply in the light of Civil transportatloll in times ol peace, are of the highest and most transcendant importance, setting aside the moral influence thev have noon community in general, by operating as a fi-t i!e means of social intercourse.' Their l.eniits in time, and labor saving, arc in conceivable. For example, the diil'erence between thocarriage upon even a good turnpike and that of a rail road or canal, is about three fourths; that is, when the carriage upon a turnpike costs sixty dollars a ton, the same extent on rail read or canal, .vi!l cost about fifteen dollars, li'tlien the earri tge of the various articles of importatiori to, and exportation lrom Jit valley i.i the !W icsissiimi .,r Wilcrn cm ti- i . . ' j mod a than any would be for the Undo 1 States to cede to the Western States tbeba! r . I 1 V i ' . ance of the lands which nrp nnsn d nrw.n , ' "i" condition that they should make the impi'ovement. At any rate, it ought to be made upon some terms or other. I5ut the President and a majority of his cabinet say there is no power in the Constitution of ChV IT. .:.... l w.. ...... .i

..iiitui ind us vi .1 niiio ' I , Trpvs ir.oi . out going into the constitutional argument about this right or power,pern;it me to state a few facts. It dos not seem to me that this rigid contraction of tho Constitution is a part of the great nullifying system which has lately been commenced and w ill ultimately end, if not cheeked, in the dissolution of the Tiiion, hecause it cramps the operations ofCongrets under the Constitution in such a manner, as to rsnder the one a mere instrument of the executive, and the other almost a dead letter. Let us examine a little, the powers given to Congress hy the provisions of the Constitution, and I think all these subtleties will be discarded in a moment. The Constitution gives to Congress the power to establish post offices and post roads. Now appose Congress should think it proper that the mail should bf transported on a rail road from 1 iiiladelphiit and lialtimore to Cincinnati in a couplet of days, instead of si nding it by the way of country roads in twenty da vs. as they used to do ; have they not the power ! Or ; ; . . ..net r..:i.la r ll-nu i,t oatfil.l.l. ri.l . ..! . .... , ..... ......ii.'ii mu i.in.i.. . .... - . . nuiictii int-ni po"i roaui : mu woiuu iny not in fact tie post roads? Again, "Congress have power to d rlare war, to raie armies, to mpjiort them, nnd are bound to defend the I'n - ion." Now as they have the power to do these thuir, and are really under a solemn obliifation to protect the people against foreign invasion. and intestine commotions, can they not

,i , , i i r. - iofberefore their theory fails. They lav it t lion V tn Tim !. such In, or. irinini.j U.iH 1 -' J -

choose the mean by which they shall exercise subsistence. That is, they are compelled lro those power. If for example they desired j the despotisms under which they live, to perto transport a thousand cannon and a proper-1 form the greatest possible extent of lubour,vvith tiooal quantity of other arm and munitions of tho leait possible amount of subsisted- Thu

jHAUClI23 iSttl.

fT. ".i ""cn? I' itt tW Eait''tu G Jay in mc w ( st, emiM they not make a canal tl:c ut0 on.-mally j.oe. .1 that ower, V 7 l WJS c,vnu .V,K,'H aw:,-T lrom them bv the Constitution, if the lT. Statri have it "ot the nowtr h lod.-wl no where which i r,llt ... .!,:, ;h! v..n c,.. ginallv had all these power., of establishing Vot othces and post roads, and of defending themselves bv such means as thev thou d,t best. a "1,,:'1 as they had the power to proUct their domestic industry, and all these power' are now ;cleariv taiin a wa y from thorn b v the ( 'on stitution : audit follows, that if Coixres l.i ro .- - ' ' " I tration, and that of the prevailing nartv in Congress, are evidently opposed to the tariti'or the protection id our manufacture by duties ! on foreign articles, the subject has become a; r I ; f 1.. . . . i i';., ;,i.i; i. w,...

liy our declaration ot independence, v, e j '" class of our leilow ( itiens could lie sec 11 rhave proclaimed to the world that, all mm arc ' (' '" the maintenance of their liberty ,e pi ality, hy nature free and e.yta," and upon this priuci- j ar'' independence. pic are founded all our civil arid political in-i In a country where freedom prevails, men stitutions. This principle implies, that the ' "' not, they cannot, and they ntmhl not to great. the (mall, the hi-,di, the low. tho rich. and the i labour in the same manner that they do, ia n.mr :il 1 h ri ..ri .t n 1 1 v- rw,.i . 1 rU I A 1 ' Countries where. 't the Tiiiilioiwil i.'v '1 n.I t I ,a ri-

1 ' i ni,iik aua i.uni rriviWcs,and that all our legislative act sou-ht I to be directed to the maintenance of this irloii - ous principle, and one of the most imnortantl auxiliary measures in support of it is, the pro-! tectmu of our own domestic industry. 1 am ' no .'"ore ''!,0M,'1 to iir"e ti,is I,oint tiAn that oi internal improvements, but as case, I will be;: leave to make a the. otter a few ;ate-

ments in relation to facts, and leave my fellow ! tain? a due portion of the profits of hi labuar citizens to draw the conclusions. j he leels as lie ouht to n el, that he is none the The fe-reat objection hrst made to the tariu ' 'C:i re-pected beeau e I.e. labours for another; in this country was, that if ve manufactured!"" '''' amount and eiliciency ot his labour, ia nil our own goods, our revenue arising from im- with him, a matter of principle, not of necessi-

portations would cea.se, and we should have to I apply to a direct tax for r.ii-ii;,- h ueeessarv, i tundi for the supiieirt, of the (.everuiiu'iit. and tiny wee' iiii.r(nl in Oos iloetrinc bv their j friends io the Hnti-di Parliament, 'i'his klarmj ed our Southern bre thren, as they would in that event, have had to pay a tax for three fifths of their flaves uch proportion bciiur represent ed in Congress uud the direct tax required to be in iroportioii to their reprt senta'ion. This prediction, however, has entirely failed, for our revenue is now much more abundant than then. Another objection was made, which was, that

manufacturcd articles would come much lu'eh- I cause workmen are littler paid for their labour, cr, and that the duties beinj laid upon articles ! ,-u0" follow that because workmenjare well which were necessary for the poor, their yai- i I'"''1 lor their labour whereby the price is enpKthies were much drawn out in their fa- hanced to the purchasers, that we are to quit vor. This prediction, like the other, has wanufactiirin and throw ourselves upon other failed ; and the poor man finds at this day, that ; eountries for the necessaries of life? Thij he can wear as (rood a coat as his rich neih- I would be to fiv, that we must abandon the bor made by the hand of his own fellow citi- i means oi ' iecurini; our independence, becaus

ren, and that toe, at a much less price than formerly . They have, therefore, abandoned those allirmatioi'.s, because experience b.asrenlerod their maintenance absurd. Hut thev

siiil insist upon it, that all dul ies operate as a j '"r the necessaries of life, than to pay a fair tax upon the people, and thai the higher those j price to the poor man at home for his labour; duties are, the heavier the tax. This thev lay j tn;li- because we enjoy freedom, we must ncdown as a univeisal principle. Let us test it. j ce:?sarily endure povtrty ; that becaue we calf it were really so, manufactured article I jy equality, we mu.,t necessarily becomo would be higher than they were before the tar- ; dependent. Thi is a doctrin not to be sancifi" principle wa? adopted. The reverse ot j tieiied in this glorious and happy Republic.

i V,"L'! 1 lu" lruln- experience is me ies oi i , '"T' '0 , e5tl"r"'l,c! ";u U!silK'd ! tll''ir ,1,ruri,f- ,5,ltKt 1,5 ,si""''e " httle, : i. .n. ....... .,, . i ... ooui Tuc.ucdiiy aim ineoi e i lean v . Xow if it were reallv true that wa had to purchase fiom abroad all our mamifat lures, why, the duties would inevitably mak them come higher, but we have thv raw material, and can make them at home; wherefore we are not obliged to purchase, them from abroad, and iotvn as a ireiieral rule, that taximr an arrtn le makes it come higher to the consumer, or him who make Use of it. Now I would a.-k tho-e theorists, if taxing lumber, llour, beef, pork, or potatoes, w oul d raisethe price to those w ho useii them. I think almost any one of them wouIJ answer in the negative ; hence their theory fails them, and why because those things are easily produced, are in abundance, are made ai cheap as they can beany where, and therelore are not subject to be operated upon by any duties which mav or can be levied upon them. Then to say that we cannot manufacture those articles, of which we raise thu raw material in abundance, as good and as cheap as they can ba manufactured any where

fclse, is to say that we are more idle and have ries of life, and secure in its independence, les genius than those who rival us. This is a ! while all its citizens arc busily employ ed, and barge I am not willing so submit to it is not! enjoy competence, uquulilv, freedom, ami haptrue. Hut although I am not willing to admit ! piue : so that even under the most uufavourathat we are more idle, or less ingenious in this j hie iew of the case, we find the tarilf system

onntry than in 1'iigland or tiny other place, 1 am yet willing to confess for the sake of argumcnt. if it will do our opponents anv eood. that we do not make thoso articles of niaiiulacj , . , ,. . ' . . . C.i lu r frr.ii i t I. 1 n i . e .. i .r ......nil ll... ini " .... i.u.h .... .mi.vj i.iivia.nit: aLu.ii.i .... in - . - ' .. ; icresis 01 irir pool it class 01 our iciiow ciii.en, ! they are directly in their favor, and that for i their comfort, their prosperity, and their haiij piness, they uught by all means lo maintain ! them. i In laiyland, in (iiiiiunii, in China, and j some other countries, the people are reduced . to the ma liiiiuni ol labour and the minimum of

0. 2.

l the case ia the Cited .Stat,,, and !(! av. -a forbid it ever -houl.l in. Tins i a !tate v 1 1 i e h where 1 loutHl to ett only in desijot i iu. evt rvthintr ii erared bv the vieh and nothin.' i' li ft f..r the po.r but toil arid mi-' rv ; and in Mich a onntry, tniiler snrh a jovernn.ent, lor tl,eir ruler- to omit to 5enire to their suhicet the lienel'il- of their domestic indutrv, aitirloadm- it with so many evaction-, would he the bai 't an ! vih -I of idl inju-tn-e. Oiie would think ti.i v eoidi'., in a country thut itnateil, mamifru ture cheaper tlian in a country hke our own, and th-y rould too, wire it not that that .-tate of society h tret.- luxury and ex-trav;iL-ance. o that brf,,re the article manufactured, arrives at the mark t, it has bfi n loaded with maiiT taxe!.. tithes, and caotions.thnt the manufacturer ha to obtain a lar;e jirice in or,'tr to lndeiunilr him acaitiit these imposi tior.n. Rnlsmmm,! ,!.,.; ,h..v ,..11 . . ! "facture cheaper than ourtelve., it only admit ' tn greater neecsitv for seeurinj oumlves br i restrictive duties, unless these people would eome to iu and take our produce in exchange lor their maitttfactiires at our advanced prices ; ,l,r 1 15 viileiit, l f we are compelled to carry i otir prciliice to their distaut country, and exthan to take all that trouble run all that risk, to vret to throw away the difference. If it s to be thrown away, let u cive it directly the poor of that country, for by throwing i i nl 1 1... t'.r ... f.t' .. 1 ..c : ... ..lit;. i.,.tc,t ,..i u,., .1. ......10. r j j ..... ....... .. ! S'""' "'the government, they ;e compelled to ! labour to the maximum of their strength, and '"'tain themselves at the minimum of expense, ltis cue of the best traits in the character of our ;ocit ty in this country that it is a credit to a man to labour and be industrious. lie who does o, i placed in the foremobt ranks of thu social cin Is ; and tlie reason 1-, because he ohj '.' 11,1 is msno-icil ui do a reasonable amount j "t it, an 1 expect8- a rea-onable coiupensatiou : ,,r 'l- To thi" he is iu-.tlv entitled, and the larger tlie cempeiisitinri wi.u'li is i;ivi'li to tliu workman, the higher of course will be the price ol the article on which the labour is bestowed. I nder such circumstances it would seem reasonable to suppo.-e that we could not mauufacj ture hi coue.ry, as II as they can countries where the poor are the mere servunU of the rich. Let it be admitted, then, that manufacture cannot be carried on as cheap here, as in such countries, and that it is botrie equality we enjoy. It would be to say, thatit is better to pay foreigners for doiiiir our work, in preference to our own citizens; that 1 ll 'p butter to depend upon foreign countries i ii we cannot manuueture a cheap tn tins j co",,t as m "hers, those other countrie. will 1 enter our markets; they will undersell us; th. i ,., . J. ... ' wea any anions; us, w no Have money will buy ; 1 the poor ma v supply thems, Ives if thev can ! How now stands the case, what is the conclusion ? hy, that we cannot manufacture becatue we pay our workmen too much wages, they get rich, while the owner get. poor, we abandon our factories, foreigners oiler us their good", the rich can bu, the poor man may w ant, because he has not the means to buy so the scene ends in poverty, dependence, and degradation. Let us, by all means, av oid such a ruinous state of affairs. And how are we to avoid it? why by laying a restrictive duty on articles we manufacture, so as to shut out a , portion ot this ioreigii competition. Suj pose ' it does enhance the price of manufactured j goods, who irets the benefit ! hv the poor, .ii. i . i . me lanoun r : w no loses ey ii : no one, liecause by multiply ing the object of iinlustry, the rich hud additional source of investment for their capital, the poor find additional sources of employment, prices become cqualicd, as each article finds its Lycl in the scale of production, the country becoiiiws stored with the neces.abenctits the poor men as much, if not more than the rich. One more view of this question, and 1 have done. The opponents to this measure say we cannot manufacture as cheap in this country, as in others. Why can we not? does it take more labour in this country to make 1 ' , , ii ..fll... ... r. .. 1 IV 1. v tli..r. can u ti.it - ui .m inn iii.iiiii.il. i jif . ... .. . ..... i . . . . . z make ttie article as cheap 7 1 hey answer u, labour it not as cheap; admit the fact, labour is higher, and who get the benefit of high l.ihour f why the poor man that works; so it ought to be ; labour if the standard of all vali tie, and fb- price or value of every nrticle Con form mid regulate itself according to that tan1.trd, and the higher labour is, the better and more comfortably the labouring man can sustain himself; while at the same time the wealthy man it no loser, unles he be a drone in ocity,for every article which hemuy have