The Wabash Courier, Volume 21, Number 49, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 30 July 1853 — Page 1

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™TOE. IXI. ::N0. 49.

to a lyt J) Courier

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COL., BENTON'S HISTORY.

A E a el to a in tho United States Senate," in course Oi pub licationj ...

Anno 1826.—John Quincy Adams, Pre$i. dent —Duel between Mr. Clag and Mr. Randolph.

It was Saturday, the first day of April, towards noon, the Senate not being thai day In session, that Mr. Randolph came to my room at Brown's Hotel, and (without explaining the reason of the question) asked me if I was the blondrelation to Mrs. Clay! I answered that I was, and lie immediately replied thm that put an end to a request thot he had wished to make of me, and then went on to tell me ihnt he had just received challenge from Mr. Clay, had accepted it, was ready to go out, and would npply to Col. Tatnall to be his second.— Before leaving he told me he would make my bosom the depository of a secret which he should commit to no other person it wns, that he did not intend to fire at Mr. Clay. He told it to me hecause ho wanted witness of his intention, and did not mean to tell it to his second or anybody else nnd enjoined invloltihle secrecy until the duel was over. This was the first notice I had of the affair. The circurnstouces of the delivery of the chnllange I had from Gen. Jesup, Mr. Clay's second, and they were so perfectly charartcristio of Mr. Randolph. thnt I gave them in detail, and in (ha Ge««raJ'« own wordas "I was unable to see Mr. Randolph until the morning of the 1st of April, when I called ok him for the purpose of delivering the note. Previous to pre tenting it, however. I thought ii proper to ascertain from Mr. Randolph himself whether the information which Mr. Cloy iind received—that he considered him-self-personally accountable ft* the attack on him—was correct. I accordingly informed Mr. Randolph that 1 WIIS the boarer of a message from Mr. Clay. In consequeuce of an attack which he had made upon his private as well as public character in the Senate that I was aware no one hnd aright to question him out of the Senate for anything said in debate, unless he chose voluntarily to waive his privileges *ns a member ot that body. Mr. Randolph replied thnt the constitution did protect Mm. but he would never shield hiinsell under such a subterfuge as the pleading of his privilege as a Senator from Virginia that he did hold himself accountable to Mr.

Clay

but he said that gentleman had first two ledges to redeem one, that he had ound himself to fight any member of the House of Representatives, who should acknowledge himself the author of a certain publication in a Philadelphia paper and the other, that he stoeid pledged to establish certain facts in regat-d to a great man, whom he would not name but, he added, he could receive no verbal message from Mr. Clay—that any mcssags from him must be in writing. 1 replied that 1 was not authorised by Mr Clay to enter into or receive any verbal explanations—that the inquiries I had made were for my own satisfaction and upon ray own responsibility—that the only message of which I was the hearrr was in writing. I then presented the not*, and remaked that I knew nothing of Mr. Clay'a pledges but that if they •slated as he (Mr. Randolph) understood them, and he was aware of them when be made the attack complained of, he could not avail himself of them—that by making the attack I thought he had waived them himself. He taid he had not the remotest intention of taking advantage of tbe pledges referred to that he had mentioned them merely to re mind me that he wa« waving his privl* ledge, not only as a Senator from Virginia, but as a private gentleman that he was rctdy to respond to Mr. Clay, and wouVd be obliges to me if I would boar his note in reply and that he would, in the course of tho day, look out for friend. I declined being tbe bearer of his note, bet informed him icy only tea son for declining was, that 1 thought he owed it to himself to consult his friends before taking so important a step. He seined my hand, saying, "You are right, air, I thank you fur the auggestion but, as you do not take my note you must not be impatient if you should not hear from me undby. I now think •f only two frienda, and there are cir cumstancee connected wlib one of them, which may deprive me of hie services, and the other it in bad health—he was sick yesterday, and may not be out today." 1 assured him that any reasonable time which he might find necessary te take would be satisfactory. took leave of bin and ft is doe to hit memo* fjr to say that his bearing was through

out the interview that of a high-toned, chivalrous gentleman of the old school." These were the circumstances of the delivery of the challenge, and the only thing necessary to give them their full character is to recollect that, with this prompt acceptance and positive refusal to explain, and thin extra cut about the two pledges, there was a perfect determination not to fire at Mr. Clay. That determination rested on two grounds: first, an entire unwillingness to hurt Mr Clay and next, a conviction that to return the fire would be »o answer, and would be an implied wsknowledgement of Mr. Clay's right to make him answer This he would not do neither by impli cation nor in words. He denied the right of any person to question him out of the Senate for words spoken within it. He took a distinction between man and Senator. As Seuator he had a constitutional immunity, given for a wise purpose, and which he would neither surrender nor compromise as an individual he was ready to give satisfaction for what was deemed an injury. He would receive but not return a fire. It was as much to say: Mr. Clay may fire at me for what has offended him I will not by returning the fire, admit hia right to do so. This was subtle distinction, nnd that in a case of life and death, and not very clear to the common intellect but to Mr. Rnndolph both clear and convincing. His allusion to the "two pledges unredeemed,'" which he might have plead in bar to Mr. Clay's challenge, nnd would not, was anothersarcastic cut at Mr. Adams and Mr. Clay, while rendering satisfaction for cutsalready given. The''member of the House" was Mr. Geo. Kremer, of Pennsylvania, who, at the time of the Presidential election in the House of Representatives, had avowed himself to be the author of an anonymous publication, the writer of which Mr. Clay had threatened to call to account if ho would avow himself—and did not. The "great man" was Presi dent Adams, with whom Mr. Clay had had a newspaper controversy, involving a question of fact, which had been postponed. The cause of this sarcastic cut, and of ull the keen personality in ihe Panama speech, wns the belief that the President and Secretary, the latter especially, encouraged the newspapers in their interest to attack him, which they did incessantly and he chose to •verlook the editors and retaliate upon the instigators, as he* believed- thorn to be. This he did to his heart's content in that speech—and to their great annoyance. as the coming of the challenge proved. The "two friends," alluded to were Colonel JTutnal and myself, and the circumstances which might disqualify one of the two were those of my relationship to Mrs. Clay, of which he did not know the degree, whether of affinity or consanguinity—considering the first no obstacle, the other a complete bar to my appearing as his second—holding, ns he did, with the tenacity of an Indian, to tho obligations of blood, and laying hut little stress on marriage connexions. Mis affable reception and courteous demeanor to Gen. Jesup were according to his high breeding, and the decorum which belonged to such occasions. A d'tel in tho circle to which he belonged was"an nffairof honor and high honor, according toits code, must pervade every part of it General Jesup had come upon an unpleasent, business. Mr. Randolph determined to ^ut him at his euse and did it so effectually as to charm him into admiration. Tho whole ..plan of his conduct, dowti to contingent details, was cast in his mind instantly, as if bv intuition, and never departed from.. The acceptance, the refusal to explain, the determination not to fire, the first sud second choice of a friend.andth® circu,n" stances which might disqualify one

delay the other, the additional cut.

nn(l

B,nd

he resolve to fall, if he fell, on the *oil of Virginia, was all, to his mind, a s»n* gle emanation, the flash of an instant-—* He needed no consultations, no deliber

ationa to arrivo at all these lmporia«j«|

conclusions. 1 dwell upon these *m«l|[

circumstances because they are charac- Ln

teristic, and show the man—a man who belongs to history, and has hia own history. and should be known as he was.— That character can ooly be shown in his own conduct, his own words and acts and this duel with Mr. Clay illustrates it at many points. It is in that point of view tbat 1 dwell upon circum stances which might seem trival, but which are not so character and significant to their small est particulars.

The acceptance ofthe challanfe was in keeping lyith the whole proceedingspromt in the agreement tn meet, exact in in protesting against the right to cait him out, clear in the waiver of hia con

aiiiutional privilege, brief and

surTmion8 ln

Cogent

preaienting the ease as one of some re-j Clay's) character," and i: dispensed prehension—the case of a member ofj with explanations by alleging that tbe an administration challenging a Senator notority and indisputable exigence of for words spoken in debate of that ad- the injury superseded the necessity for ministration and all ia brief, terse, and superlatively decorous language, it ran thus: "Mr. Randolph accepts the challenge of Mr. Clay,/ At the same time h* pro tests afainst the right of any minister of the Executive Government ofthe United States to hold him respoasible for words spoken in debate, as a Senator from Vir

ginia, in crimination of sucb minister, or the Mexican minister at Washington, the administration under which he shall! submited by the Executive to the Senhave taken office. Col. Tatnall, of. ate, bore the ear-mark of having been Georgia, the bearer of this letter, is au- manufactuaed or forged by tbe Secretary thonzed to arrange with Gen. Jeeup (the of state, and denounced tbe admioistrabearer of Mr Clay's challenge) the terms lion as a corrupt colitioa between tbe of tbe meeting to which Mr. Randolph is puritan and black-lec. and added, at tbe Invited by that note.",

f.IERRE

This protest which Mr. Randolph en tered against the right of Mr. Clay to challenge him led to an explanation between their mutual friends on that delicate point—a point which concerned that independence of debate, the privileges of the Senate, the immunity of a member, and the sancity of the constitution. It was a point which Mr. Clay felt and the explanation which was had between the mutual friends presented on excuse, if not a justification, for his proceeding. He had been informed that Mr. Randolph, in his speech,had avowed his responsibility to Mr. Clay, and waived his privilege—a thing which, if it had been done, would have been a defiance, and stood for an invitation to Mr. Clay to send a challenge. Mr. Rando ph, through Col. Tatnall, disavowed that imputed avowal, and confined his waiver of privilege to tke time of the delivery of 'he challenge, and in an» swer to au inquiry before it was deliy-, ered. I

The following are the communications between the respective seconds on this point. '•In regard to'tfie protest with which Mr. Randolph's note concludes, it is due to Mr. Clny to sav that he had been informed Mr. Randolph did. and would, hold himself resposible to him for any observations he might make in relatien to him and ihnt I (Gen Jestip) distinctly understood from Mr. Randolph, before I delivered the note of Mr. Clay, that he waived his privilege as a Senator.

To this Col. Tatnall replied.^' "As this expression (did nnd would hold himself responsible. may be construed to mean that.Mr. Rnndolph had given this intimation not only before called upon, but in such a manner as to throtv out to Mr. Clay something like an invitation to make such a call, 1 have, on the part of Mr. Randolph, to disavow any disposition, when expressing his readiness to waive his privilege as a Senitor from Virginia, to invite, in any case, a call upon him for personal satisfaction. The concluding paragraph of your note, 1 presume, is intended to show merely that you did not present a note, such as that of Mr. Clay to Mr. Rnndolph, until you had ascertained his willingness to waive his privilege as a Senator. This I infer, as it was in your recollection, that the expression of such a readiness on the part of Mr. Randolph was in reply to an inquiry on that point made by yourself."

Thus an irritating circumstance in the affair was virtually negatived, and its offensive import wholly disavowed. For rny own part, I do not believe that Mr. Randolph used such language in his speech. I have no recollection of having heard it. The published report of the speech, as taken down by the reporters, and not revised by the speaker, contains nothii.g of it. Such gasconade was foreign to Mr. Randolph's character. The occasion was not ono in which these sorts of defiancesare thrown out, which are either to purchase a cheap reputation when it is known they will be despised, or to get an advantage in extracting a challenge when there is design to kill. Mr. Rnndolph had none of these views with respect to Mr. Clay. He had no desire to fight him, or to hurt him, or gain cheap character by appearing to bully him. He was above all that, and had settled accounts with him in his speech, and wanted no more. I do not bHieve it was said but there was a part of«he speech which might have received a wrong application, and led to the erroneous report!—apart which applied to a quoted passage in Mr. Adams' Panama message, which he condemned and denounced, and dared the President and his friends to defend. His words .were, ns reported unrevised "Here I plant my foot here I fling defiance right into his (the President's) tenth her»* I throw the gnumlet to him and the bravest of his compeers to come forward and defend these linos." &c. A very palpable defiance this, but very different from a

personal combat, and from

wj|(ll was related

unfnruinnte

to Mr. Clay. It was

report, doubtless the ef

feet of indistinct apprehension, and the more to be regretted as after having been a main cause inducing the challenge, the disavowal could not stop it%

Thus the agreement for tho meeting was absolute and. according to the expectation of the principals, the meeting itself would be immediately but their

swm tr va ut Irmn the most laudable feelings. a .1 idetermined to delaV it, with the hope to prevent it. and did keep it off a week, admitting mo to a participation in the good work, as being already privy to the affair and friendtv to both parties

The challenge stated no specific ground of offence, specified no exceptional words. It was peremptory and general.

in for an "unprovoked stuck

them. Of course this demand was bo tomed on a report of the words spoken— a verbal tejport, the full daily publication of the debates having not then begun—and was of a character greatly to exasperate Mr. Clay. 11 stated that in the course of tbe debate Mr. Randolph said: *4That a letter from Genera! Salazar,

same time, that he (Mr. Randolph) held

W E E

lrade-|#|

oil

his (Mr.

HAUTE, IND., JULY- 30,1853.

himself personlly responsible for all that he had said." r4 ?3.This was the report to Mr. Clay, and upon which he gave the absolute chaK Innge, and received the absolute acceptance*, which shut out all inquiry between the principles inno the causes of the quarrel. .The secontta determined to open it, and to attempt an accommodation, or a peacble determination of the difficulty. In consequence, Gen. Jesup stated the complaint in a note to Col. Tatnall: thus.

The injury of which Mr. Clay com~ plains consists in this: that Mr. Randolph has charged him with having forged or manufactured a paper connected with the Panama mission also that he has applied to him in debate the epithet of black-leg. The explanation which I consider necessary is. that Mr. Randolph declare that he had no intention of charging Mr. Clay, either in his public or private capacity, wiih forging ojr falsifying any paper or misrepresenting any fact: and also that the term black-leg was not intended to apply to hiin."

To this exposition of the ground oi the complaint. Col. Tatnall answered: "Mr. Randolph informs me that the words used by him in debate were as follows: "That I thought it would be in my power to show evidence sufficiently presumptive to satisfy a Charlotte (coi ntvjjury that this invitation was manufactured here—that Snlnzar's letter struck me as boaring a strong likeness in point of style to the other papers. 1 did not undertake to prove this, but expressed my suspicion that the fact was so. 1 applied to the administration the epithet, puritanic diplomatic black legged administration Mr. Randolph, in giving these words as those uttered, by him in dobate, is unwilling to ufiord tiny explanation as to their meaning and application." i[CORCLCDEB NEXT WEEK.] if* 1 1

THE PANAMA RAILROAD.—A correspondent of the New York Evening Post says the Panama railroad is progressing very slowly. By the terms of the contract the track was to have been laid across the RioCharges during the month of February last, and the cars to run on said rail to Panama in August next. The road will not be completed in three years, judgingofthe futurefrom the past, not one mile of the road has been completed. The writei attributes the delay to iho ill treatment of the laborers, and the consequent want of labor. There has been an immense deal of humbug and deception about this road. A friend who recently crossed the isthjnus on his way to California, writes home that he traveled on the rails a distance of twenty' miles time betwen four and five hours

LOCOMOTIVE BUTTING.— Two locomotives, attached to gravel trains, met this afternoon on the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Railroad just by the bridge in this village, and pitched into one another with a degree of pugnacity that was a caution to all horned cattle. No material damage was done to either, excepting that their horns were pretty well knocked off and otherwies [sic] bruised in their faces. Considerable steam was let off on the occasion, and ono of them, with a good deal of nonchalenc [sic], made an attempt to whistle and back out, but it was no go. The belligerents were both taken into custody, and after undergoing an examination were sentenced to the workshop for ten days each. Served 'em right.—[<Canandaigua Repository>.

~~~~~~~

The Boston Herald gives the confession of« denier in the ardent of that city, who has been sending off varieties down east since the renowned Main law passed. He has packed kegs of liquor in molasses casks, headed them in and filled up with molasses he has packed them in sugar boxes, filled around with sugar he has packed them in oil casks filled around with water he has placed a piece of spoung, saturated with oil, over the bung, and coverd it with a piece of tin, so that when the casks is rolled over, a little oil will be squeezed out, thus deceiving the most knowing he has packed thetn in cheese casks, leaving a hole in the head, through which a cheese, 'white oak,' was visible. Such is the ingenuity of

DIED WHILE DBESSING FO* A BALL.— Miss Laura Shields, who resided on Liberty street, went up to her room on the evening of Ju'v 4-h to dress for a ball, to be given at Union Hall on Broadway. When the gentleinau came who was toacct»tap»iOj her, she had not come down stairs. Her mother called her. but she did not come, though nearly an hour passed waiting for her. At length her mother went to the door and rapped, but no answer, was returned, and she had locked the door. They then became alarmed and forced tbe door, when Laura was found lying upon tbe fl»nr. nearly dressed for the ball, and dead. Sle appeared to be in perfect health in the evening at tea. She was beried in the dress they found her in, on Monday.—Cin Gazette.

EIGHTY MILES AN HOUR.—The Pennsylvania Railroad Company, owns 43 locomotives, of which twelve are of a capacity equal to a speed of 80 miles an hour. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad have 141 locomotives, some of which are of equal speed. This immense velocity has been attained thro' the active competition of the Railroad companies, who have shared no expense in rewarding constructors for costly experiments.

Tea at Home.

It will surprise many to know that we need no longer rely on China for tea, but drink our home grown English and so be independent of the foreigner—i such independence is worth caring for Mr. Alexander Forsyth has addressed a communication to the Horticultural Society, in which he says that, having con sidered that the tea of Paraguay is a species of holy, he tried our common holly, and finds the tea when washed, equal to ordinary five shilling tea. The prickles serve an important purpose, for they keep the leaves separated during the roasting, and thus save the trouble of frequent turning. The smell given off is at first unpleasant, but it disnp pears entirely as the leaves cool.— "What will tea drinkers, confirmed tippling tea drinkers say to thist" observes Mr. Forsyth. "The very tea itself becomes cheap at last, and abundant, growing enven in the garden hedge. A forest of tea trees in full loaf at our door! Such a harvest has never bofore been seen. Waste not the holly any more upon whip handles peel it not for birdlime, as formerly squander it not even at Christmas but reap it, roast it, again and again, for the store will be annually renewed, and the future foliage will furnish finer tea leaves than those just gathered." What an opportunity here for the adulterators they will doubtless take care that the public drink holly tea whether or no."—Chamber's Journal.

How TO MAKE MONEY FAST AND HONESTLY.—Enter into a business of which you have a perfect knowledge.— In your own right, or by tho nid of friends, on long time, have a cash capital sufficient to do at least a cash business. Never venture on a credit business on commencement. Buy all your goods or materials for cash you can take every advantage of the market, and pick and choose where you will. Be careful not to overstock yourself. Rise nnd fall with the market on short stocks. Always stick to those whom you prove to be strictly just in their transaction, and shun all others, even at a tempora ry disadvantage. Never take the advantage of a customer's ignorance, nor equivocate nor misrepresent. Have but one price and a small profit, and you will find all the most profitable custo mors, (the cash ones,) or tney will find you.

If ever deceivod in business transactions, never attempt to save yourself by putting the deception upon others but submit to the loss and be more cautious in future. According to the character and extent of your business, set aside a liberal per centage for printing and advertising, and do not hesitate. Never let an article, parcel, or package go out from you without a handsome printed label, wrapper, card or circular, nnd dispense them continually. Choose the newspaper for your purposo, and keep yourself uncoasfngly before the public and it matters not what business of utility you make choice of for, if intelligently and industriously pursued, fortune will bo the result.

TRYING SITUATION FOR A MOTHER.— A few days since, daughter of Mr. fsxiah Sawtelle, of Belgrade. Me., about two years old. fell into a well eighteen feet deep. The mother waa informed of the accident, but when she arrived the little one had sunk in four feet of water. She ran to a neighbor's, twenty rods or more, for assistance, but found nono. Returning, she lowered the wellpole to the bottom, and brought the child to the surface, the little thing clinging to the pole with its hands. The mother raised it a few feet, when its hold relaxed, and it again sank. Again she lowered the pole, which cbmrng in contact with the little hands, it was taken with a death grasp, and the ch»ld thus drawn up twenty feet, to its mother's arms.— Notwithstanding it was apparently dead at the time, by proper exertions it was restored to life.—Boston^ Courier,

THE FETE OP CHERRIES.—At Hamburg there is nn annual festival, in which troops of children parade the streets, carrying green garlands, ornamented with cherries, to commemorate a remarkable event which occurred in 1432. When the Hussites menaced the city with immediate destruction, one of the citizens proposed that all the children, from seven to fourteen years of age, should be clad in mourning, and sent as supplicants to the enemy. Procopiss Nssu*. the Hussite chief, was so touched with this spectacle, that he received the young supplicants, regaled them with cherries aad other fruit, and promised to spare the city. The children returned, crown fed with leaves, holding cherries, and shouting ••Vtcuiry."

THE SHEEP TRADE ACROSS THE PLAINS. F. X. Aubrey, the well known Western trader, left Santa Fe some time during last December, with a flock of sheep of near 5,000, and a number of mule teams. He traveled down the Rio Grande some distance—went around through the State of Sonora—crossed the Colorado at the mouth of the Gilla—and lost but 25 sheep and one mule, and that was shot by the Indisns for food. Notwithstanding the winter through which he had to pass, he landed in California about the 15th ult., with some 3,500 head of sheep and ten mule teams—all fat and fine, and ready for market—after having sold 1,000 old and lame sheep for $8,000, and about $3,000 worth of small and broken down mules, which he sold to the Mormons as be passed through their lower settlements.

VALUE OF THE CORN CROP.—The demand for corn has increased, and the price much increased, notwithstanding heavier crops are raised at less expense. While wheat has maintained, in general terms, about the same priei for sev« al years, sometimes a liule h^'her then lower again, corn has advanced 20 to 33 per cent. It now stands as a kind of indispensible article at all titvies, for some uses, and a very convenient substitute in place of other articles for other purposes.. For stock, in no other grain can be realized the same fattening and labor-sustaining power the same expenditure. The man who loves sweet, solid pork, of the true New England amp, has looked as yet in vain lor a substitute for the full crib of sound corn. And at this late day the European is learning, and gladly learning, the true value of Indian corn.

The farmer has every encouragement to plant broad acres of this true American crop. In no crop is he more sure a fair amount of grain, of a more ready sa'e, or what is better, a profitable return for that consumed on his own ground. The fly may cut off the wheat, and the fly the potatoes, but if you do your part well, the corn crop rarely fails of giving a fair return—but if you bjt half plow, half manure, half till, its growth will be slow, early frosts will be sure to catch it, and not hulf a crop will be obtained everything will be halves except the expenses. That will be diminished but little if any. Thorough planting and hoeing after thorough plowag will cost less than half tillage after plowing, and a long, sound ear is more easily pickod and husked than a short, green one.—Cullurisls and Gardener,

AMERICAN SILK.—At Newport, Kentucky, opposite Cincinnati, there is an unpreiending silk factory, which win hereafter be memorable fn the history of American industry. It is carried on by Messrs. Jones 3c Wilson, who em* ploy some hall-dozen or more laborers, with five looms and some 159 spindles, consuming annually several hundred weight of raw silk The manufacture directed by Mr. Wilson, while Mr, Jones, who is ofthe Quaker persuasion, and is universaly known as Freind Jones sells the products. These are pockethandkerchiefs. cravats, vestings, and plain and plaid dross silks. As far as possible raw silks of American growth is used in the factory, but the imported article has to be relied on lo make out a supply. The raw silk raised in Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky, when tolerable care is used, is not surpassed by any in the world, being equal to the best Italian. (which is all consumed in Eruope,) and beit£| than any imported into this country* This is owing to advantages ofsoil and climate, which imparts peculiar lu'ter ond strength of fibre, and cannot fail, in time, to make ihe United States one of th3 greatest filk growing countries in the world. For the best native-reeled silk they pay 85 to $5 50 per pound, while the price of the best imported does not exceed #4 50.

AN INCIDENT OP THE CELEBRATION IN PROVIDENCE.—No object in tho 4th of July procession attracted greater attention than the carriage memorable as having been used by Gen. Washington when on his visit to Providence. One solitary relic of the revolution rode within. Abel Shorey, of Seekotik, aged 90 years. The carriage Is a very curious affair in these days, and apparently of French construction. It had not been used before for fifty years. In the coach-house, from which it was taken stands also the body of the carriage that belonged to Gen. Gage, the Inst royal Governor of Massachusetts.— Prov. Jour. 1*1* —I*VWWHWVM^--TtrLTj 'PopuLAfiow op THE GRAVE.—The following extracts are taken from the Merchant's Ledger: "From extensive calcuTafton. Useems tfi'e average of humnn births per second, since the btrt.h of Christ to this time, is about 815 which gives about thirtr-two thousand million* and after deducting the present supposed population of the *vorld, (900,000,000.) leaves the numWr of thirty-one thousand snd forty millions that have gone dawn to the grave giving death and the grave' the victory

over

the living, to the num-

ber^of thirty thousand am! eight millions.— Of this number in the grave, about $ $ 9.000.000.000 have died by wars Ja 7,920,000.000 by famine and pestilence J. 600,000.000 by martyrdom ^45 580,000.000 bv intoxicating drinks 13,000,000,000 natural or otherwise."

COLONIZATION.—The Rochester Advertiser of the It instant say* "The lecture of the Rev. Dr. Gurley last evening, at the First Methodist Chapel, was replete with interest, and was listened to with marked attention by the large and respectable audience in attendance. Those who listened to the lecture of the colonization champion last evening could not hut concede to him honesty and sincerity of puposo, nor resist the conviction thst the friends of colonization and their noble cause have been grossly msligned, and must be satisfied that if African raco are ever elevated it must be through the exertions of this truly patriotic end philanthropic institution.

Punch says a man will pardon every thing in a friend except prosperity.— Punch is right: if you wish to be called a 'brainless ass' go to California and come back a millionare.

A pretty girl with winning eyes is an

uarch*'

creature, but cupid with his be

whitehed quiver, is an archer,"

WHOLE NO. 1098

*i «3» ,.•

THE WORD "SELAH."—The translators of the Bible have left the Hebrew word "Selah," which occurs so often in the Psalms, as they found it, and of course the English reader often asks hia minister or some learned friend what it means. And tho minister or friend haa often been obliged to confess ignorance, because it is a matter in regard to which the most learned have by no means been of one mind.

The Targums and most of the Jewish commentators give the word as meaning "eternally forever." Rabbi Kinchi regards it as to elevate the voice. Tho authors of tho Septuaglnt translation appear to have regarded it aa a musical sign, equivocal, perhaps, to the word rs» peat. According to Luther and others it means silence. Genius explains it to mean "Let the instruments play, and the singers stop." Wochem regards it as equivalent to"sursem corda—up, my soul!" Suvmer, after examining all the 74 passages in which the word occurs, recognizes in every case "an actual ap* peal or summons to Jehovoh." They are calls and prayers to be heard, ex* pressed either with entire directness, or, if not, the imperative "Hear, Jehovah," or, "awake, Jehovah!" and tho like still earnest addresses to God that he would remember and hear, &c. Tho word itself he regarded as indicating a blast of trumpets by the priests. Selah itself he thinks an abridged expression, used for "Hi^gaion Selah"—Higgaion indi^ eating tho sound of the Stringed instru«, men is, and Selnh, of the vigorous blast of trumpets.—Btb iolheca Sacro^,

"WHERE IS PERNAMBUCO.— The tela* graph advises us that the consulate nt| Pernambuco, South America, has beon conferred upon our fellow-citizen, WilM iam Lilly. A predecessor of hi* when informed at Washington that the' Prosident had given him that post, was* consideraply nonplussed tn find out in. what part of tho globo it was located.^ "Pernambuco," quoth he, "where h— is Pernambuco, Boys, let's drink!" The boys took, and assured iilm that, as well as their geography posted them, Pernambnro wasn't in h—, but it was* pretty well on down toward the torrid zone. The consul was satisfied, took tic, drink, and made tracks for Pernambuco^ Cincinnati Inquirer.—

A BURNING MOUNTAIN.—An exchange paper says: "The anthracite coal in that part of the Broad Mountain called the "Firey Mountain," near Schuykill [sic] Haven, (Pa.) has been on fire for the last fifteen years.— From this fact, it is now considered dangerous to travel over the mountain, as it is supposed that in many places the surface is a mere superficial crust or shell, the coal having been consumed up to the surface, and hence the least pressure thereon it is presumed, might break through and let the advemtrer down into the firey valley below.— At the base of the mountian in one place a stream of water almost boiling hot comes out. The surface of the mountain presents a desolate appearance as far as the eye can reach. The mountain is either cracked, burnt, or broken into enormous and fearful depths by the approach of the fire to the upper stratum; roots and trunks of lofty trees are charred and blackened, mingling their pyroligneous odor with the sulphurous vapors from the hot caves and crevicies [sic] around."

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An immense fraud has just been discovered in the coal operations at Pittsfield, Pa. It has been practised for years, and the investigations concerning it have been going on since 1851, by Mr. Tucker, who has finally traccd it out. Several individnals are said to have immense fortunes by the operation, while others have been made bankrupt. The fraud was effected by returning false certificates of weight.

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A Night Blooming Cereus is now garden.

Night

blooming at Mr. Longworth's The flowers commence opening late in the afternoon, are in their full glory at midnight, and gradualy close after that hour. That is the last of them, as the same /lower is opened but once. It is impossible for us to attempt to describe this most beautiful flower. It must be seen to be appreciated. The plant is the most ugly ungainly looking thing in nature, and the marvel is how so delicate and regal a blossom can possibly come from such a stalk.—Cin. Times. •"lit- nnjiAnnmmnAnwmv.i^i-ii-ii

A young gent recently regaled the ears of bis bright particular with a somewhat protracted serenade,at the close of which the chamber window opened and a small white package "decended thcefrom.— The enamored youth instantly sprang upon and secured the precious missive, and retired to a place of safety and with a trembling hand proceeded to unfold—* A NIGHTCAP! H. imsat "Why is it," asks Dr. Chivers, "that a strain of music, on being heardfor the first time, thrills us with an unearthly joy?" Some may dispute the fact instead of searching for the reason but our new poet tells us it is because "the vibratory molecules of the auricular organs are in that untired condition necessary to ena* ble them to respond perceptively to tho vibration of the musical tones."

The Rostonians now have music on their renowned Common, twice a week. The principal bands—the Germaniana among them— perform in turn, at the ex* pense of tbe corporation.

Dr. Forbes, who has written book on Irelsnd lately, thinks that a very large proportion of Father Mathew's teetotal converts in that country have |Oftf back to whiskey.