The Wabash Courier, Volume 18, Number 18, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 29 December 1849 — Page 2

THE COURIER.

KSSE CON ARD, Ewwi^

E E A E

SATURDAY .v\DEC..v.'*29., 1849.

President*** Message.

Wo lay before our readers the President's Message as delivered to Congress ^|e on the 24th inst. It is the first Annual Message of President Taylor, anfl wil| be read generally with great interest

The Mfessage.like most documents from the pen of Gen. Taylor, is plain, prac tical, and to tlte purpose. The President had of course to touch upon a great variety of subjects as a matter of necessity such must be the case. Using great brevity he is yet clear and com-

prehensive on all subjects. Hcrecom-j

mentfs strict economy in »he expendHbnl

ject

ture and appropriation of public money.! ,phe

CM" the Tariff, he suggests a revision on,

basis which may augment the reve* number of votes. nue, and at the same time give full en- Qn the fourth

couraccment to home labor and domes-153^

tnd such

prove. We commend the Message to our readers, and let all judge for thcm-

selves.

TERRE-HAUTE CALIFORNUNS.—We

FR(IM

have just seen a letter trom L»r. I AT House. HICK io his family, dated Sacramento,1 'PJ,O House

have just seen a letter from Dr. PATRICK to his family, dated Sacramento,

and at the place of his destination. -----

,hc

fcen",e'

,.«B v,... ....

minor, is of no avail.

Election of 8peakCr.

From the following which we have Telegraphed from Washington as tle proceedings of the 22d, it will be seen that the?Housfe was ot ganized by the ele&fi)to of Howell Cobb, of Georgia Speaker. 'f\»

The House(*as a scene of great cowfusion. Numerous resolutions and propositions were submitted and 'aid on the or $£ r» !4 1

Finally, Mr. Stanton, of Tennessee

offered the following, which was adopt cdj yens, 116: nays. 106:

the roli three times, no member shall

quorumf shaU b|

?mcnd,nents

yofCj

rtfll wns

oul any

vmt!-

|io veto power,&c., the views of Prca-I Mr. Cobb.be declared elected, which

idem Taylor will export, of the right character, |tt committee to os every patriot of all parties must ap- (JK/tir, which being done, he thanked the tablished without her co-operation

and

in the country to speak particularly of

business or prospects. He seems to be

in fine spirits, but was not certain

promises to write more in detail. To

the numerous friends of the Doctor ii^ Upon Congress, eminently will dowill bo a satisfaction to know ihat he pend the future maintenance of our sys,i ..ni,. inn/l tout of free government, und tnc transnrrtved safely tn the far d.Mant

Father Mathew in the Srtinte It is nstonishing to what extent c«r

tain of the Southern Senators carry their 1

prejudicos on tho subject of slavery.

art, Sturgeon. I'nderwood, llpham, Walts, W alkor, Whitoomb—iSJ.

The Supreme Conn of

lUft rklutf. 0f

might call on tlte guaniian to wwo '»»,

reprd to any estate J"l

lam1' |ni,sion of it® unimpnire,K lo

few days sinco a resolution wan offered

M,",u,nS tiim v|silc

to a sent on the floor of the Senate.- (f

,l,e .Southern Sww. Tim remilution

was adopted by the following vote.

Wr. Clemens objected, on tho groumt pCSlj|e,jrC% yet t|„» Almighty has, at that the Kevercnd gentleman had

ken against tho institution of slavery

YKAS—Messrs.Bahiwin,Belt,Bradbwry. Imght",

c»b,,,

1 cnns

In.-

riage, in any way: and the husband

hufitand .Ml tarn h« Assto, being

they are no more than cuizetu.—Cim.

ttnwrc

Messrs. Clay. Cass Hale

and

l..«ainoun,sHrwani,tu,-v

Chase, wens not

comffttuee,

put

on any

the four first named having

been omitted at ihtit own e-gent wjnestt, and the last two bv an intentional etciu&)OQ<

Aawiriw Marttn la I^wloa,

A»ertra« iwent .» during an The London quomtioBS for Ameocan

Stcriii^

j860 froo*-

Tfali 3. Denmark and with theprovisions

W wtU jump *»»dc, *od

will jump

tumble.

Resolve**, That the House proceed «oj the oath of office, that "in disputes beselect a Speaker, that is, if. after calling!

co„,.uc Mr. Cobl u. ,ho,

Wo commend the Message to 1 members for the honor conferred upon event of tho formation of such a un ,hiin( and took his seat amid loud ap- jon

Vinton

ALIFORNUNS We |sworn and the oath was administered

T)K PA AT. by Mr. Bayard, the senior member of

O 1 0 1 8 4 9 a arrived with his son Clay an(l.PRB*il»KXT'S WE%*%«!E ,ho p.-irtv anfcly, in good (Telwraphed for the InJiana

having others of the p.-iriy health, and with alt his wagons ., i. -t,.i '-Fellow Citizens of (he Senate teams. He says his team and wagon and Hnum of Representatives: will bring as much where he now is as^ Sixtv years have elapsed since tliecshis whole outfit amounted to when start-. ish'ment of our government nnd the

bv Mr. Bayard, the senior member of

WASHINGTON, Dec. 24, 2 P. m.

ing from llomr. At 0.. ,im. «f llr PATH,.'. I,al "o. l«o" long enough »«nblol.« Tor an empire wi.l. .hren* Mhm foreign c«m-1 I'r.lATBJ- ti freemen. The predictions of evil pro- try, and believing, from the best infor-

ft(rmc(.,y

lcile||

now

nf:

whether he would enter into mining and the United States o( America, at this existing between the United States and .1

busitiess or commence i«. stable and permanent government on tions, to the laws of the United States. medicine. A* soon as fairly settled he

ie(m|K

detail. To

those who have gone before us

posterity.

Wc are #l pe(|C0 wilh a

,j i,c world

l|ic pnst vc(lr wfi

niM,ndaiico

in the Senate admitting Father Mathew nnd although the destroying angel, for a main on our statute books, hold it to be

:*|j|js

wrax\u nnd

tecl

"»«rc"u«» ™uh

N.vvs-Messm. Atchison, liadger, Barrien, Bor- other qunrters of the world. Itisjsoeking an asylum on proper .heme „f .(.m.k.giving ,o llim: pro^uon of our l.«j. Th Husk, Sebastian, Tumey, Yulca— w. ho rule^ the destinies ol nations that leged to have been abducted

|)oW6rs.

accounts, and pav him th* balance but 1^ admitted to nter in our ports

that act ha* worked a radical change in ilm condition of married women. *. Hy tho act of 1840. a married woftinn must be

wnside^

n,c

''r

or sort owned by her before ,n

or which shall accrne in herdnringm.r

sels wiu

„fu:..«tft»^iShou'd no onier in council disturn tnisi turn mw

State to apprize the minister of the German Empire, accredited lotbis government, of my determination to enforce thelaw* of the United States, and io maintain the faith of treaties with all nations! The correspondence which

nfa

execution of the laws, and the observance of the treaty were deemed by me, io be due to t|ie honor of this country, as well as the sacred obligations of the Constitution. I shall not fail to pursue the same coufse should simtjair case arise with any other nation.

tween

have rpceivel a majority of nil the votes, jv neutral/' I sholl not abandon it. the roll shalt again be called, and the, member receiving the highest number of votes, provided thnt be a majority of

Speaker.

were proposed,

,jjree time** with*

member receiving the requisite

bo found, as .11 mlgh. 'nppoin.od llv ,'heClXk ,hc aiTcrf Germany. «h«. ISlfriiSi.' ".V ZZW-

nnt|

plause. power in Germany, ot which she should

Mr. Vinton moved the members be jforminnnrt

whilc

adjourned at 6 o'clock.

and seek to maintain our cherished re-: within their power. A copy of thnt proclations of amity with the rest of man- lamation is herewith submitted. jji„d

tn»t entitled to the possessi legislative Arrangement, the acts of the pendent nath fiuttis. British parliament by which Great Bri- prospect at th 1.:, fwin»T a tain is brought within the icrms proposed it my duty, in bv the act of Cougre*s of the 1st of eral sentiment of people. .\iarch, 1817, it is h«.ped will be pro- who deeply sympathised with the Mag.

w"h'n

KKNTUCKY CoNviuNTioN.—There has ductive of benefits to both countries. yar patriots, to stand prepared, upon the lieen a verv curious move in the Ken- A slight interruption of diplomatic in-j contingency of the establishment by ut«kv Convention. The Convention temwr*e which occtirrcd between this her of a permanent government, to be aKi-ee* to submit the constitution to the government and France. am happy to the first to welcome Independent Hun* people* but adjourns to meet at a stibse- iay. has been terminated and our minis- g*ry into ti« feroily of nations hot ooent date s«» that if the people reject ier iberc has been received. It is, there-1 this purporo I invested an agent then in tho constitution, then the Convention fore. unnecessary 10 refer, new, to the Europe witn power to declare onr wilwill go tinkering again! The lawyers circumstances which led ro that inter- lingnwa promptly reeo^tze her inof the Convention must have been be-!n,puon. I need not express to you dependence in the evem of her ability aide theruaeives, when thev passed that the sincere satisfaction with which we to sustain it. The powerful intervenresoUition. Their amirc power termi- should welcome the arrival of another tion of Russia in the contest, extinguishnates when the Convention has finished gavoy Kxtraordinary and Minister Plen-' ed »be ht»pes of the struggling Magyar, the new constitution. If thev adjourn, ipmenriarv, from a sister Republic, to The Lnited Sates did not. at am* time, which we* have so long been, and still interfere in the contest, bat the feeling* remain bound by the strongest ti« ofj of «lie wtwon were very rt^h enlisted

jon mediately caused such steps to be taken W a a I a a

r"rci8n

jiH0Utd m. order in council disturb this! that tho latter might become an indention* However faint that the time appeared. I thought

SiNAToaut. Cn*Mttn«5.—The Bal- bad entered upon the brave people, wfco "had made a gallant Stin nrr«KtMtfidem Mtvs: s?iwwnj jrM

X"d bet^en ofSutS! chapter grave .,«* sen-

Having avowed the opinion, in taking

foreign governments, it is our in-

ieresi,

not less than our duty, to remain

terested in the matter. Although a minister of the Lnited Slates to the German Empire was appointed bv my predecessor, in August, 1848, nnd has, for a long time been in

trial, being in all the! attendance at Frnnkfort-on-the-Maine,

the votes stood. Winthrop TOO, and although a minister

tic industry. In reference to the Sub- £0bb 102. Wdmot 8. Thaddeus Su ver.s represcnt thai empire was rec Treasury system he thinks, if contin-|jf Morehead 4, Durkee 1, Strong I, ued, that importont modifications are j}0yd 3, Colcuck 1. Indispensable. For the aid of agricul-» One of the tellers now announced ture he recommends an agricultural Howell Cobb elected Speaker. A scene bureau, to be connected with the De- Lf grcal exciterpent followed, with clappartment of the Interior. On the »uh-jping0f hands in tin: gallery. Mr. Stan* g0uvernmcnl might, at length, be organof the perpetuity of the Union. jey offered a resolution providing that jzed.

accredited, but yet no such government as that of the German Empire has been definitely constituted. Mr. Donaldson, our representative at l* rank fort, re* mainded th^re several months in the expectation ihat union of the German

the organization of a central

Prussia exists us an independe-nt

prelt!nfled to fore-, mmion could obtain, thnt it was des- —11

t|l0 downfall of our institutions, are lined to invade the Island of Cuba, 1

rcmotuherod only to be derided, deemed it due to the friendly relations

moment, presents to the world the most, Spain, to the treaty between the twona-

^uch is the result of the labor, nbovo all, to the American honor, to ex-

ertthc lawful authority of this government in suppressing the expedition, and preventing the invasion. To this end I issued a proclamation, enjoining it uponjg^^ the officers of the United States, civil1 and military, to use all lawful means

So long as the act of Congress of the

],av0 been 20th of April, 1018. which owes it exis-

Most, l»v kind providcnce, with an!,ence to the law of nations, nnd to the

of the fruits of the earth policy of Washington himself, shall re

extensive portions of our the duty of the Executive faithfully to

drendful

obey its injunctions. While this expedition was in progress,

...

P°* length, deigned to siav his hand, and toll was inlormed that a foreigner, whoj j^^iinjr^'which r»«r rtsprcscniaiivfr* at I'araccaa ry in rcsu»rft the inestimable blessing of gen*1 claimed our protection, had been clan- have hitherto ineffectually urged upon theattentuion: erttl kcltb ,i» po„|,le »h..'h»ve »c .lesiinelv. and. .» supposed, forci- o»WStt«

.,ower. (Ie,trecnicii His' lilv corrieil off In ve^el from New

implored His merciful pro-i Orleans, to the Island of Cuba. I im-

nations,! formation I had received should prove

we have not been insensible to the de-! correct, to vindicate the honor ol the structlons and wars which have prevail-j country, and ihe right of every person our soil, to the

1 we have been able to maintain, amidst 1 Iv restored, nnd the circumstances of the

'vnnm!ftn ,hese contests, an independent and lease are now about to undergo an inves-

made few weeks since, the following "j^^irposition iowards nil bclligerttniUigaikm before a judicial tribunal. 11 towanls all other American States The United important decision under the new law for

married women: Our relations' with Groat Britain are! the crimes charged to have been com-

protecting the rights ot marnen womon. v. character. In eon- mined in this case, are held odious, as .««, in the event ot any collision between them The -'r ftlco or ,1,0 rercn, al.ern.i,.,,, of ,lJ being in conflio, wi,h our opinions on the, tier age is termmAiett mamn^. w.u 1 British vessels snbjoct of national sovereignty, nndi-ii^n,,™.!™ i„ forri«m w*rs. or nnn^cessar* ""'I pom: personal freedom there Mttve 10 the rights ol marr eu wo

J#||unrv ncxt or

.« .t .!•_ I „r enn«lvi»(f iKteriofpC

accounts, mi« cargoes of the growth, manufacture, or of supplying ints detect in ourcriminal

lhc Bri,yh por,s-entei

wnn,

|,n admitted to the same advan-1 which recently distracted fcairope. Du-

",y

the Navy. Ttjis permission was granted ment. 'Our

wit! the

accuritiet cn the :0th of last month: £Wch been en^ged in the Schles- Ail efforts to settle these unpleasant mat. U, 8. J'» IW fmw I07il08, Swig war. Apprehensive 0»at this act ufl ter* of controversy, to obtain inN. York 18^ from ItKlatOI. ^^mion on our part might

ind'instructed

and ti* minister of the Germau Em-jous that I shall shortly make it the sub-«through^the^ canal, on »he

The person al* was prompt-

""'v-°c™the

r,l"American,hc

ncc wi,h

in the cause, and by the suffering* of a

durtM. I Uhk*1.' «UMTHW«SIN»KE

.i.im.

nnA

apnrtsed that a war steamer belonging to Our claims upon Portugal have been, the German Empire, had been fiued out during the past year, proeecuted with in th© harb»w of New York, with the aid renewed vigor, and it has been my obof our naval officers, rendered under ject to employ every effort of koworaWe the permission of the fate Secretary of! difdoaaaey

ii PfMun hac*

armistice between that em- LiahdO. the Hon. George W. Hopkins,

kingdom of Denmark, made able

"of

Poa&SYlvnDta .Vs I0«S1. I ogress of SOth of April, 1818, abilitv and justice. nT^TTCr^Hd- for if I directed that farther aid should bej The revoiotionary and distracted conKll rendered hv any «g«»i or %4B*r of the diUooof Portugnl in fHM timm hm been

prosecute tfceir adjust

v—

and

CVw) 6'a I860 fwm 100a 101. a* a violation of out neutral ob- subjects of complaint. Oar present Maa*scbu*eus 5**,

incurred

btr

the bnng to the

is herewith laid before you. The jeei of a special message to Congress,. the san»~ rges. & I* »ere!',l.h lHr

with a view to such ultimate HcTion as

its wisdom and patriotismjiiay suggest.

You will perceive from the corres-j Such was the unsettled condition or nondence.

submitted to you in connex- things in those Stales that it was not foil with the subject, that the course deemed expedient to g.ve lum any adopted in this case has been properly instructions^ subject^f presen^ regarded by the belligerant powers, in

I 5 *.1 am (ntf r*I /\I

It is believed, by those well acquain ted wi

States under one constitution or form of course with it. oiaies With the Republic ©nWesico it wour true policy to cultivate friendly relations. Since the rati

,h'",ii« exi«inR Ha,ion., beiween!

,uch union can to permanemly [{.jbfc ".,"w the two Republics, though delayed in reaching lion

it would become necessary !u,kn their duties, nnd at the dates of the latest, ,jiat

a .in, U..t 1 intellicence from thnt quarter, some progress had -nr»„.rtin (ithdraw our minister at Berlin, but purvey. The expense incident ctse so conirolli oeen in uicr. y,

ON,,, ,„«. ,.

t0 t|M.maoe organ za

kintrdom and diplomatic relations arc conveyancV. to the point where itsoperations were Kingnom. anu .in l)k ^n

thn

rector! the archives of the legation *t the difficulty of obtaining supplies except at or i. .C A nn. near the extremes of the line, render it also mdisl* rankfort to be transferred to tho Amei- P#,NJI8} |0 i^t

ican legation at Berlin. to meet the necessary charges during the fiscal Havinc been apprized that a consid- year ending on the :»0th of June, 1851. I

ernble number of adventurers were en-, ,ncssngef mv predecessor to the House

of delay in indemnifying our buffering Ifations he benefit to be derived oy fench

in«-his credential letter, different from those with which he had been furnished by tbe late administration, until rlu? 25:h of June, when, in consequence of the gun for its 'cortsthiction

wan\ of accurate -information of the ex-1 tance from ihis government tn?"

inehas occurred of a serious character to disturb

Complaints have been made in regard to the insufficiency of the means provided by I he government of New (ircnitda for transporting the United States mail across the Isthmus of Panama, pursuant to our postal convention with that Republic on thePthof March, 1844. Our Charged'Aflairea at Bogota has been directed to make such representations to the government of New Grenada, as wilU it is hoped, lead to a prompt removal of this cause of complaint.

would respectfaily suggest that, although hich, as their natural allies and friends, they

"1L

The expediency!

vjthfsdefect

'production of any part of the world, on I code is therefore recommeneed to your. Senate. Since the last session of Congress,we h» «nmc terms as to duties imnosts. consideration. have received an Envoy Extraordinary and Minthe same term as to uutiu. imposis M.rtimilouslv avoided nnv in- i«CT Plenipotentiary from thai empire, and our and charges, as vessels of the United] have acrupuiotisty avweleu^ «"Y »N nslations with it RO: founded upon the moat amicable understanding.

in the wars and contentions

ing them ring the late conflict between Austria and

„s British vessels. Hungary, there seeme«l to be prospect

The sanguinary contest with which the Republic of Venezuela has for some time past been ravaged, has been brought to a close. In this process the rights 0! our citizen*, residcht or traders there, have been violated. The restoration of order will afford the Venezulian government an opportunity to remedy these and other grievances of longer

on the Pacific, and the unexampled rapidity with which the inhabitants of California especially, are increasing in numbers, have imparted new consequence to oitr relations with other countries whose territories border upon thnt ocean. It is probable that the intercourse between these countries ami our own possessions in that quarter, particularly with the Republic of Chili, will become extensive nnd mutually advantageous, in proportion as California and "Oregon shall increase in population and wealth. It is desirnblc, therefore, that this government should do every thing in its power to toster and strengthen its relations with those Stntcs, and that the spirit of amity between us should be cordial and mutual.

I recommend the observance of the seme course

will

sovereignty is no prohibition

pnnishment for it prov.ded in

disposed to look for mediation and assist-

glinn ourselves in foreign wars, or unnecessary controvers'ies. Whenever the faith of our treaties with any of them shall require our interference we

must ntiwiBiri|y interpoae.

convention has been granted with Brazil pro-

in our'criminnl riding for the satisfaction^ American claims on

lht

vrtnro.nt and it will be submitted to the

Your attention is earnestly invited to an amendment of our existintr laws relating to the African slave trade, with a view to the more effectual suppression of that barbarous traffic. It is not to be denied that this trade is still in part carried on by means of vessels btult in tlse United Htatea. ana owned and navigauid by mine of our ciuxens.— The correMiondewce! between tfae department of State and the Minister an Onsal of the United Mates at Rio de Janeiro whicn has, from ti#e to time, been laid before Congress represents that it is 1 customary device to evade tlie penaltv of our laws by means of eea letters.' Vewtela sold in Bras'! provided with such paper* by *be Consul, instead of returning to the United ttatoa for anew register, procewd once to the coast of Africa for UM purpose of obtairtrog cargoes ofatavrs. Much additional informant^ ot taia same character fun recently been iramtnitted to the Department of Htete. It has not buen eonstdet«d die policv of wr iawa to sobject America* citiwtas within a foreign coantry wtio purcbaas vessels boilt thetJnited Sutes. to toe inconvenience of semding home lor new register before JwisitdBf bff to proceed on a vorage. Any alteration «t the taw which might have a tendency to impede tfae transfer of tlw property in vessels between oar citizens or the free navigation of tftoae vesarls between different pa.rts oi the wwid when emriord in commerce iho«H i* wdl mpd cmmuUjr cotMwkrwJ, bat I trot tfear your wisdom will denM method by wlsicb «r geueral policy ta this respect »af fea preserved, and, at UK mme Mam, the abuse of our fct.bf swoirftBa kaws in die manner indicated may be prevented.

Having ascertained thai there i* no prospect of the re-union of the five States of Central America, which formerly comprised the Republic of thai name, we have separately negotiated with some of them treaties of amity and

late Charge d'Affaires at commerce, which will be laid before the

energetic, but unsocoess-

re- demuity for the wroofs which were the

the treatv with Charge d'Aliirw

that port will

the awotry of| rcprc*cnicd none ol the iMd«ogc«ia^

also

considentuoo of

these

ciaiow,

Senate. A contract having been coo eluded with the State of Nicaragua, by a company cotn|oaed of American citi* tens, for "constructing the ship canal through the territory of that State to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, 1 have directed the negoctattoa of a tree ty with Nicaragua, pledging both governto prowict

ttent

citisens but I must now sav. it is a mat-1 fro,n such an arrangement will be the pdjtof the Secretary of Ae treaaai£ ,er of profound regret that their claims

pr0tection

hare not yei been settled^ nic«uo» against any |owi5r WHich might The omission of Portugal to ^Justice to the American claimants hits now atW seri-

aee

R.-rh ultimate «akn as! tHu work of constructing this

work

under

With Russia, Austria "f

Prussid, -Swe

_en. Belgium, the Netherlands. Hhd the Italian States, we still maintain our accutJtomed nmicablf relati«*is.

During the revolatipnsHn th? fpdjpal States our Charge d'Affiures at Rbme has been unable to prtssent his letter of credence, which, indeed, he was directed, by my predecessor, to withhold uiltil he'should receive further orders.-^

nor

tion oi^^ the commission and to ita

hawso mu0

maintained with her, there can be no ne prjatecj j,y Congress, that hirther sums, to cover

cessitv for the continuance of the Min- t|,e expenses which must be incurred during the I Wniilf fnrt. I have therefore re-! fi/cal year, will le neressnry. The great istcrto Frankfort, centlv recalled Mr.

{presentof

uonaiuson, anu in-, ,cng9

|, reduced tho fund appro-

ircsent n^ni yi»r, b,v-" enath frontier along which the boundary ex

waters of the adjacent territory, and

IIIMTBI provision ahonld be made

iv recommend this subject to your attention,

30,1, ^ny, 1848, by tl,e Commissioners

of the United Statn and the Minister of Foreign

pnrtment of State and the Envoy Extraordinary nnd Minister Plenipotentiary of that Republic, accredited to (his government, a transcript ot that correspondence is Herewith submitted.

In the adjustment of the claims of American citizcns on Mexico, provided for by the late treaty,

the employment ot counsel 011 the part of the government may become important tor the purpose of assisting the Commissioners in protecting the interests of the United Stales. I recommend this subjcct to the early and favorable consideration ot

-I K-,, I othtor matters connected with commerce, the fi-

of their inter-oceanic commu

it obstruct or mottopolise its ad' vantages. All Stated entering into such

ireaty

will enjoy tke rights o£ passing the patment of

ea,y will enjoy the right, oi

of constructing this

expedient ,l,«, any prea, mara.imo

The territory through which the |.

WouId

en«

k«

commerce 0

highway which ought to be dedicated to the common use of mankind.

chase of the right of way. probably be-j

cnuse

cation between the gulf and the Pacific ocean, it is presumed that she would not hesitate to yield her aid in tho manner prescribed to accomplish an improvement so important to her own best interests. f, "V

We haya reason to hope that the proposed Rail Road across the Isthmus at Panama, will be successfully constructed under the protection of the late treaty which New Grenada ratified and enlarged by my predecessor ott tlte tenihday of June. 184&, which guarantees the perfect neutrality of the Isthmus, and the richts of sovereigny and property of New Grenada, over that territory, witn a view that tho transit from Ocean to Ocean, may not be interrupted or embarrassed during tlje existence of the treaty.

nftnces and menue,

?pa|r

canal, a

tjiese guarantees, will become

bora^ of peace instead of a subiect of oblion and strife Between tn conte

tions of the earth. Should the great m*nUitoe States of Euifope conseut to this attangement, and 4e have no reason to suppose that a proposition so fair and ftohorable tvili be opposed by any, the energies of their people and ours ifciii operate in promoting the success of th6 enterprise. I do not recommend any appropriation from the national treasury for this purpose, nor do I believe that (tiicb an appropriation is necessary. PriVate enterprise, if

ed. Will complete the work, should it1 provd id b6 fttsiblo. .Th© panics who ^ami)ruHi

wa.i'. v. 1 1 '1 its powers in such lorm as to themselves aha! art mute of things at that distance from protection, AM th^y pwfess.that navtng'

us he was instructed to exercise his [Lamined the proptts^ line of commu-1 ne,s. Dy.awaiung, all causes of un^.ness maj own discretion in presenting himself to riication the then existing government, if, in his judgment, sufficiently stable, or, if not tn wait future events. Since that period Rome has undergone another revolution. and he abides the establishment of a government sufficiently permanent to justify him in opening diplomatic inter-

the undertak tion shall ihere oppeur be rcssoti* oh S!lttniirtih§ the whole evidence, to entertain sbrious doubt of the practicability of constructing such a canai, that doubt could be easily solved by alinetpfll examination of the route. .N JUS- I .1-NII

Should such a work be constructed, .1,0 construclion under .he caramon

nrotection

have procured the charter Irom ^,Cftrn* people of each, will hate constituted for them fOI. coristruction, desire no assis- selves republican form of tiovernment, laying

of all the nations lor equal it would be neither just

,o all.

exDwlient

t_.

enable it hereafter to exer-l the improvement ,u! A unrty eniiagel on the coast survey was dising nn influence mer the

t{ihwjt0

the world, or to obstruct a

the

The routes across the isthmus at Te huantcpec and Panama are also worthy to make I mi «.*s I liiunl4 Of of our seribus consideration not fail to engage the attention of my 1 thesiwiedv erection of which is urgently demanded predecessor. The negocij.or of treaty of Guadeloupe Htdalgo was tn»|,-ouncj| mufls'itf Santa Ke and Sdt Lake, and Ktrncted to offer a very large Slim of have caused fn he appointed stih-agents in thu of the Gila, the Sacraiitauto, and the tan money for the right of transit across the J()0c|^jnl jvcr. Still further legislative nrovi isthmus at Tehnantepec. The Mexican

able toll to the owners of the improvement, who would, doubtless, be well contented with that compensation, and the guarantees of the maratime stiites of the world in separate treaties nego-, ,„,1 \|#,Yiro hindintT her and prindpnl mineral deposits in CaliKrnia may be Cinted witn Mex asoertnined, I recommend that a geological and

them to protect those who should con-j ^t

It is our policy to encourago every practicable

The receipts into the treasury for the fiscal year, ending on the 30th of Jnne last, were, in cash. t4-t.S30.O9? 50 ia treasury notes, funded, $lO.833j0OOJmakin* an aorrefateof #59,663.% 50 and the tjepeaditurea for the aame time wer*| in cash. t^.TW.667,81 and in treasury notes funded JL0.833.000, making Mi aggregate of #57,631,667 82.

The account and eetianatea which will he

deficiency

Mexican war, snd treaty, on tt»e firm day of Jane next, of #5^.121 66, and on the first day of July of #}0,frj.9l7 SO, making in the wbofe. a «oUhl«deficit to be provide lir,

39.

The

vou are referred lo the re-

Nb direct aid has been given by the General Govern meas^o improvements of asncu^mw, exWi by gflfrtoflitiires far the collection and put l&nths «MMpiculturtl statistics,

Jiifcal mwvse* which have bee tiutof thapitent fund. This aid, |jj^mjf qjdn

cbeUiitat mwdvses which havebsen ihua tst ftr dutol U#pitent fund. Thia nid, mmv« ion, is wholly inadMaate to U«iiBg|fc.w branch bf American industry the ertpouragement but whicA it mems. 1 especially reoomSend the es- enti

elevate the social condition of the agriculturalist, to increase his prosperity, and to extend his mean* of usefulnea* »Utetr*4.y multtplvms his sources of information, should be the study of erery staiesman, aikl primary object with eve-

his sources of information ot ererv

^r^dvVrgovernmeni having been pmvjki«fl lj# Congress wr CikHfornla, the people ol thlt tfiry impelled b\ the ^ee«»siti(fejf theirpoHifcal

ment, which the latest advice give reasons to supposo 119 been accomplislwdi* ftnd* it is wucvcd they will shortly apply for the admission of California into the union, as a sovereign. Staler— Should such be the case and should their constitution be compatible to tl» requisition ot the constitution of the United States, I recommend their application to the favorable consideration of Con-

properly protect- people of New ALSO, it ia M*JQV»XI.

in Mlch

moat

I...

oute ncross the Isthnus, which connects 1 ticshle. encounter mnny difficulties in its c«irisiim and I?oulh America, either by Rail noad or Ca- IM—e— ftals, which the enenries of our cititens may induce them to complete: and 1 consider it obligatory on me to adopt thnt policy, particularly in conseqnenco of the intercourse with possessions on the Pacific. ..

The position of the Sandwich Islands, with reffercncc to the territory of the United States, on the Pacific, the success of our perseverina aud benevolent srtizans who hsve repaired to tnat remote quarter, christianizing the nations and indocirw them to adopt a system of government of lavs adjusted to their capacity and wants, and the use made by our own numerous ships of tbr Jiarbors of the Islands, s» places of resort for obtaining refrerfiment* and repairs, all combine to render their destiny peculiarly interesting to us.

It is our duty to encourage the authorities of those Islands in their effort* lo improve and elovate the moral and political condition of iheir inhabitants. and we anonld make reasonable allow* ntjee for the difficulties inseperable from this lask. We desire that the Islands may main lain their in

dependence snd thet other nations1 should concur (h,

with o? in thiaeentiment. We could. in no event,

be iodifierent to their fjawmg under the dominion, ,y render necessary. An estimate of tlte a» of any other power. The principal commercial^

States haw. In this, a common interest, and it i*j fa,

tablishment of »n agricultural b»ireau, to be eon- our post office lawl 0 the situation nw-tad with the Department of the Interior. To try, and the measures of compensation for services W"

Oregon in Janftary last. Acconlingto

|||tH8lftdvices they had not left California, awl directions have been given them as soon as they

m.1A

sionsi WjH

government did not accede to tho pur-, cessful extension of Hir system of Indian Agen govtiiiiiit"

Affaires of the Mexican government. Having individuals for the construction Ion! important facilities to those engaged in nrhi- their tavoranie consiot-ratii:n. been a subject of correspondence between the De- ,, ing, as well as to the. government, in the disposi- Our government is one been a sunject 01 corre -1

-pnRgage from Guascualco river tOj

Tehuantepec I shall not renew any proposition to purchase for money a

right which ought to be equally securer!

to all nations, on payment of a reason-1'

be necessary for the elective ami sue

c.Ms over the new territorie*.

rpcomMM.n,i

it had already contracted with mini in"tDaVifornia. as it will, in my opinion, af-

the establishment of a

8n'of|,)emilu.rn,lftlJli8 1

n)8

lnn(l tj,|e8 iu

nmj

cfoj01!j,:n| ox,,|,,ration

rien|turn|

gnioer «y ts t/ Qrtgon, afford commerce, nnd especially with the islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and tiie populous regions of Eastern Asia, make it certain that there will arise, in a few years, large and prosperous communities on our western coast.

mount

of #IWtM«

extrserdrnsry expenses the war with

Mexico, snd Ae parrhsse of «'filifomia aad New Mexico, esceed in aawvtn this deficit, together with *te lean fcesetofare made far tbeae eAfeets. 1, therefore, recotnsieiid that aatbonty be gives to borrow whatever sum may be necessary to cover tbisdefeit.

Tbeofeaervaace of the icrieteet economy is the approprtatioa and expenditare of pttblk mooeys, i» emetmal to permaaenrt praeperity. I recomthe revision of the exif ing Tatiff,aad ks adjastasent oa a ba«is wtucfe way tmmtftthe irveoae. I do notk»b« Use right or daty of Conmm toeoooarafe domestic iodtwtry. winch is a emit soorce of natKioal as well as individual wmlUiaiid proeperitv. I let* to dK wwdow and patrioossnof COMRBSS far die adtytioa of a system wldch may place home labor at least on 1 sore aad perassneat footing, and, the eseoar of maawfectares, give a new aad

thtrae Who shall engage Tbe oa of the cotrnaoanca of A» 8obnaoams avateta. is rcs(pecthally sabmitted to the

in aod perfect %be work. All other na- JJE 3*c£Lre*r If eomiaaed. ia»ortaM ji.iOt are|invi«ed, by the State of Ntcar-, motykatinne efit w&**r 1«r be iadispenriblf-r-

I Fof fonhrr details and view? of the above 1

|,ri,rvm::,terms

,,l±

struct die work. Such guarantees would jinnwMirreys, and that ihe uHnrnil lands be divi-i ft Dennrtmciit of the 1 it.o PnmhlBtlnn nf th« d«d into small lots suitable tor mining, and di«-1 "»e r.xccutivo in pnrimcni 01 uic do moro to secure the crimpletlon ot pOSOdof by sale or lease, so a* to give to our citi-j eminent cannot control thu decision of communication through the territory ot|7cns „n opportunity «r ijrocnring a permanent I,,tttil thnt decision shall have Mexico, than any other reasonable oon- right ot property in tire smK 1 his would seem to, fc ^ubmittud t.» tho l'i e^dont 1 1J L- be as important to the success ol mining as ot ag- necti omciany suumiuuu to uiu 1 1 «ruuni siderattoii that eduld be^offered. And

as Mexico herself will be the greatest great mineral wt«lthofCnlifbrnia,»m|L'lTidle Co'nstiuiiiou in tho clauso continuing ffainer by chn opening of this communl- advantages which Ita eoasts and harbors, and those ..

the country will admit, should be opened within the territory of Uie United States, from.the navigable waters of the tlantic, or the Gulf of Mexico, to tho Pacific. Opinions, as elicited'and expressed by two large and respectable Conventions, Is

ately assombled at Ht. Louis and Memphis, proose several routes for its location, which, if practicable, will meet the wishes and waita'of the country. But while this, if in successful operation, would bo a work of irrent nntional imnortance, and of a value to the country whicn it would b« difficult to estimate, it ia niso to lie regarded as an undertaking of vast magnitude and expense, and one which must, if it be indeed prac-

expenditures. 1 slscr^tk your attention to tlirf views expressed by lufH in reference to the employment of war •tenniera. an'l fc regard to eontracts for the transportation the United State* Mails, and to !hft«wei proejerre|~¥ t.g^vy

ration

Jromon

auu 4,ww

Kpvnnd im! i» foundation 011 such printiples, and organising on the treasury,than wonla censtitutejmr)' mt*Jbeyona "S..ta

nkcly to effect tl.ur aalety nnd happi

far characterising parlies by geographical d&frim-

confirm the collections thus made,1 nl. and was made the tluty of this 1W1 to pre-

cult of access, ought to be disposed of on "u, ,• libt'ral to all, but espocially favorable to the »rly United fetntes which shall consist ol a emigrant.

In order that the situation and character of the

mation ami use. Therefore, 10 avoid failures and disappointment, and to enable Congress tojudjre whether, in the condition of the country through which it passes, the work be feasible, ami it it be (bund so, whether it shouitl be undertaken as a nstimsl improvement, or left to individunl enterprise, and of the latter alternative, what aid, if any,ought to be extended to it by the government. I recommend, as a preliminary measure, a careful reconnoissance of the several proposed routes by II scientific corps, and a report as to the practicability of making such a road, with an estimate of the cost of its construction and support.

For further views of these, ana other matters, connected with the duties of the Home Department, I refer you to the rep-art of the .Secretary ot die Interior.

I recommend earlv appropriations for eon 1 inning the river and harbor improvements which have been already begun, and also (or the construction of those for wMcn estimates have been made, as well as examined onae. and estimates preparatory to tfi# commencement of such otbers

WllJtl, 0f

TUIcemeat

country—especiall/ the ad-

g( popalmion over new districts—

whicli can be advantageiusiy expended

mxt

to be hoped that no one of them will attempt tot Bureau of Topocraphical Bngineers. accomoppose obstacles to the entire independence oT report of toe Hecreury of War, io these Islands whicli 1 respectfully invite the attention of Cm-

fi«»l year, under the direction oi

The ceaaion of terrrtory made by tbr late treaty with MaxicO has largely extended our exposed frontier, and rendered its defence more difficult. That treaty fcaaslsohroeght as tiadrrobligstiotts to Mexico, to oomply with which a militsr force ia requisite hot onr military establishmoit is not materially changed, as wits efficiency, from the condition in which it stood before the onmtneoee* meat of the .Mexican war. Home addition to it Will therefore be necessary, and I recommend to A* ferooMe consideration of Congress an increase of *he several corps of the arm v, at oar distant western posts, as proposed for toe accompanying report of the Secretary of Wsr.

Great esabawassateata have resulted tram the efiect opoa the rsakin the army, heretofore given to brevet and staff officers. The views at the Secretary of War on this srihject tns deemed important, aad if earned into effect will, it is beHevcd, promote the harmony of the service. The piaa

tbefrteaoe

acriraltare. aad pwawita been uealed with kiodaeaa aad ooarteey, and

devdofMseat of oar vaet tesuurees, and exteesfea hsve. oa aff occasions, panned a coarse of tf oar ooauneroe. Bdievtaf thai the attahuneot of these cads, ao ss«A ae sttgaMsting the ivwawaa, aod the prweatiag of frauds, to be aoeaa^lwhed by a system of specific detlea. I airooglv mommead seCoacresadMMi system,-fijiia« the Htim at rates iugh eaoagb to a&ard sabsiaatial aad «rffioant eacooragaraeat to oar own industry, and at the same time, ao allied 10 inscre stability,

actuality 1a

E&s £.7

3aad&

the

OarsaUarsengagedla remains the

with the

system upon the

and 'for some B- »n a« pt'i|fongrt's«. passed A osn»t H, 3W{?, pud piovukm wua ^nane for estendttif pu»t offices and nMdl accosiittodations uiC-alifornw and Oejjon. L,-

ngft s®. passed A usrnst 14, 1848,

Enrtioos been made to execute that law, but the limittM provMin^ are insdeonate to its entire fulfilment It authorizes the atapvntion of of ihat eoun-

^owed by those l«w», compared with the prices of labor and rents 11 CaHfbrnia. fender those provisions in a preat drgfte ineffectual. Murv particular and efficient provision by law is required on this subject.

The act of 1845. mlucirttf poe»u»2e, has now, by its operation duritfg four yvitrfc /rtJdVfd results fully showiap thatithe income IWWi silA reduced postage is sutHcient to sustain the whole expense of the service of the Post Office Department, not Including the otxu of treiwportBng-bjr Tnail swatn^

ira, the lines from New York to Chajrres. and Panama to Astoria, which has not been considered by Congress as properly belonging to the mail sen-ice.

It is suhmitti«d to the wisdom of l^npresa

whether a further reduction of postage fhould not now be made, more particularly an the letter correstKMndenoe. This should be relieved from the unjust burden of transportfmr and delivering of" the frnnked matter of Congress, for which public

Jbrmas to themaelves ahall erate com^nwuion for this public service, and, I therefore would recommend such a reduction.— may Should Congress prefer to abolish the franking rivilege, it seetus probable that no demand on thu wuIt from the propoml redftc-

tion&l character which have hitherto produced] to 5 omis, which I have been recommending,te Daitilui apprehensions in the public minu—and 11 first tried, is submitted to your discretion. Ljeat the solemn warning of the first and most! Since the commencement of the last session of Wnstrions of my predecessors against any ground I Congress, a postal treatv with Great Britain has

1 1

-i! .ml itniiM tn }w% nrfttuiPml KiiAh mrm«

TRU UIVL'II M*?IN ...„ it now rests with Contrresa to enact a law for onr-

shnll have fixed on the sites of the two light lious-! rvinc into efiect the provisions of the constitution es and the buoves suthorired to le constructe.1 which require an actual enumeration ot the peowid placed in Oregon, to proceed wiUiout delay pie of the Unitwi States 111 the enmnna year.

.so.worthy tojn.K 'S, I e«pecinlTy .0 the t^neral (^vernment is'one of hieal ami Thev did 1 determine oil sites for liuht houses on Hie const, limited application hui not on that account the ion of mv thaaneedv erection of which is urg»-ntjy demanded less ohlicrntory. I alltide_ to the trust comnuttcl

mmnnniasniice of the most imnortnnt Amona tho duties a««igne»l l»y the constittition

to the uniform rate of ft cents, regardless of distance, without thereby imposing any greater tax

Whether still further diniiM)tiln

topics oc sec-: siiuuiu mm made.or the resnllof the rwlnotion

dwerim- been receivyil ttnd ratinea, and wieh repulniioiis

/CcS^eitdr bus been appointed at San Francisco, under the *ttt of ongiese, extending the revenue laws ovef California and measures have attempt to extend the same arrangement through been taken to ortrtViite custom houses at that and Kngland to France, has not been abandoned,— die other ports Pinioned in that act, at the ear-! For a particiilar statement of the condition of thu liest period practicable. The collector proceeded I Po#t Office Department, and oiher matters conoverland, and advices have not yet been received nrcted with that branch of the pifMic sen ice, 1 ruof his arrival at San Francisco. Meanwhile, it is fer vou to the report of the Post Master («en ral. understood that the custom house dniiea contin- Hy act of the Jd of March, 1» 49, a Biwrd was ued to be collected there by officers ncting under! constituted to make arraneeinenis for taltttm tho the military authorities aet thev wore under the seventh ceasuiicomposwl of tlie Secretary ot hiats, administration of mv prelecessir. I think it will! the Attorney General, and the Pont Muster Gener-

have been formed hy the Post Office Departments of the two countries, in pursuance of thnt treatv, as to carry ita provisions into full operntion. Tfi«

to Congress as the exclusive legislature and sold I'uanlinn of the interests of the Districtofi olunihia. 1 ben to com met id these interest# to yotir kind attention. As a national metropolis, the city of Washington must be an object of general interest, and, founded as it was, under the authority .! of him whose immortal name it bears, its claims to the fosterinu care of Congress present thciuselves with additional strength, and whatever esn branch contribute to its prosperity, must appuat to tli»

recommend that ,»wcr*. and its successful

I shall not renew any I commissioners be organized in companies, to ex-, dHnond« mi 1I10 confirm. amine and decide tlw validity ot the present unit- eminently tlopciUJS on UlO connne-

calitornin and New Mexico,

provision be made tiir the establishment

of the office of Surveyor General in New Mexico, California and Oregon, and to the surveying and bringing into market, public lands iu those territories. Those lands of 1

pursuits of industry, education und resources of the country. The duties enjoined upon the census board thus established havinc been performed,

BIMl

CWmn,°n'1

of limited ndministra-

ment of each of its co-ordinate branches within its appropriate sphere. Tho first section of the constitution ordains thnt all legislative power therein grained

sholl bo vested in a Congress of ilm

Senate and House of Representatives. Tho Kxocuilve has authority to recommend— not 10 dictate measures to

he conne"cted"with the (jonuress. Having performed Hint tlmv,

purposes. for approval. The check provided by

It, therefore, becomes important that a linn of com- exercised only in extraordinary cases, munication—the best and most expeditious that 1

tho qualified veto will never IKJ exercised by me except in tho enses contemplated by the futhers of the Republic.— I view it as an extreme measure, to ho

ns when it mny booome necesi«nry to defend the Kxecutivo against tho eticronclitiient of the Logislniive power, or to prevent hsisty, inconsiilermo, or uticon.stitutionnl legislation. ,„„

By cuuiiou«ly confining this remedy within the sphere prescribed to it in tlio Constitution, iu the contemporaneous exposition of tho framers «f tho constitution, the will of tho people, legitimately expressed, on all subjects of legislation, through their constitutional orgnns, the Senators aud Representatives of the United States, will have Its full effect.

As indispensable to the preservation fit' our system of self government, the independence of Representatives of tho Stntes and the people is gunrcled by the constitution, ami they owe no responsibility to nny human power but ihcir constituents. By holding tho Representative responsible only »o tho people and exempting him from oil other influences, wo elevate the charncter of thef constituent, arid quicken his tenses of responsibility to his country. It is under the^e circumstances only tnat tho elector can feel that in the choice of the law maker he is himself truly a component part of the sovereign power of the nation. With equal care we should study to defend tlte righta of theoxecuiive and judicial departments.

Our government can only be preserved fn its purity by the suppression antf the entire extermination of cvdry claim or tendency of one co-ordinate branch to encroach upon another. VsT

While the strict observalicethis fule and the other injunctions of the constitution, with a sedulous inculcation nf that respect and love for the Union which our father* cherlshcdf and enjoin ed upon

their chlldreri, artd wjih the aid

of that overruling Providence which hni ao long and so kindly guarded our liberties and institutions, we may reasonably expect to transmit theft),

numerable

proposed for retiring.'disabled officer*, and provi- posterity. But attachment to the unioB tfrltrn far tf tH. f.okfdHte. ".!„f

the (aithM soidier. nfon hes stood uftshakeri. The socompanyuiJi report of the Secretary.of, fhe patrinw who formed it have long the Navy present* a fall sad satwfactory aceoont .^. of the eooittiea aad operation of the aaval **r-1slttce aescendeo to the grave, yet it stil

,o/n-

prootKKt monument to their affection and worthv

bear the American name

irgotenHMBt. {ew of calamities, and to avert it should The aaval fareeatgreaentin ammmm be thirawrfv of every American. Upon large aa ia arimfaciHe with the number of mart u«nrv(. isiwW by Congrws to be employed. I fnvi%| I*® prrttervation must depend our nopp' yoor atteaUon to die recommendation of Uie Set^j DOS, and that of countless generation?

with their in

blessings, to the remotest

gIMm,bould be habllunlly fnter-

lhe

disease, have become aafit to perform ef in every American heart. For more ...te^^i%edoties,iarecot»mi«»Wasanieai» than half a cemurt, during which time

In my judg-

meTH tis (fissolution would be the grcaJ*

„wi"by r*rfind

sMabtkhment of a retiredf l^t for I shall stand it maintain ettc«a aa an diaqaalified for actoat mdaf. ther full extent of the oftlWation imposeo*

ereasTthe eSkx-trf of the a«}itg the Consututton. Z. TA\ I.OR.

t"*"*

,brr»w11