The Wabash Courier, Volume 16, Number 38, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 20 May 1848 — Page 1

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PUBLISHED fVBtV SATURDAY

T«w DotLAWt per annum, it paid w»«nn thm» months after the woeipAol tfee &w nwobw Two DOIXARS

AWO

FIFTY CSXT* if paid

year: and THWBK DOUAM

BY

Those frsH and beauteous things All taught by Thee, they yearly speak Their message of deep Jorc, 'Bidding u* fix, for life and death.

Our lie art* and hopes above.

From the Louisville Journal. A I) I R-.

'Twas he.r fourth birthday, and the morning rose Bright as a dream of F/len, bat she lay Wjshin her »now-white shroud-in cold repose,

A form of beautiful, unbreathing clay Sweet spring-flowers lay bewdc her in their bloom, x.

And one onope^iSkhii! was in her hand. An emblem of her doomSfo not RE* doom, For she will blossom in tfef^etter lami.

She came, and passed to her bright home above Ere yet one cl«*d had darkened l»te's young springs, F.re hope had faded in her heart, or lovo

Within her son! had shut its wounded wings She was all truth, and love, and leveline**, And itis well such pure, sweet ones should die Upon the earth there is a blossom less,

But *h there is an added star on high.

Though we be doomed awhile on earth to stay, ,rjl Tis sin to mown when sinksa bainga die. To weep whan earth's frwl beauty melts away

In the immortal beauty of the sky, To murmur whan the young and lovely wake From this dark sleep and all its tearful dream* And go mid songs of cherub-band* to take

Their

angel-plumage

V0LXVIr: K0.:JK

WITLUN the

IF payment

he delayed

until the yew expire* No paper discontinued until all artearagw we paid, qoIAIS At th$ t^tioa of uw pwliawr.

A failure to notify discontinuance at the end •of the year, will be considered anew engagement. AoratTtsstturrs inserted three times at One

Dollar per square, {11 tines a sqvar*) and to be continued at the rate of '& oente per squar* Un1CM the number of insertions is marked on the manuscript, when handed in, It will he continued •till ordered oat, add charged accordingly.

Liberal dedaetia** wdl be made for adrntisiag the column, half column, or quart** column also, for yearly, half yearly, or quarterly advertising. $y Pontage must be paid to insure attention.

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From the Model American Courier. THE FLOWERS OF GOP.

TBI atv. IkXZS 81UK**£ J.VOSS, JA. D.

•"Consider the lilies of the field.*'

The welcome flowers are blossoming, ID joyous troops reveal^ They lift their dewy buds and bells.

In garden, mead, and field They lurk in every sunless path, Wh»re forest children tread They dot. like stare, the sacred turC

Which hes above the dead.

They sport with arery playful wind, That stir*the blooming trees, .And laugh on eveary fragrant bush.

All full of toiling bee* From the green marge of lake and stream* Fresh vak».and mountain sod. They look in gtntlr glory forth—

The pure sweet flowers of God.

They oome, with genial sirs and skies, In summer's golden prime, And to the stricken world give back

Lost Eden's blissful dime:— Outshining Solomoa they came. And go full soon aw»y. But yet, like him. they meekly breathe

True wisdom while they stay.

"If Ood, thfV whisper, smiles on rs, A ud bids us« bloom and shine, po*a He not mark, O faithless man *.

F.arh wi«h and want of thine I Think too what joys await in Heaven The blest of human Wrth, When rapture, such as woos thee now,

Can reach the bad on Earth

'Redromw of a fallen race Moat merciful of kings! Thv hallow'd words have doth'd with power

by the Eden streams, G. I P.

A S O E E S

»t ». r. ram*.

All's for the beat be sanguine and eheerfal Trouble and sorrow are friend* in disguise^ Nothing but folly goes faithless and fearful

Courage forever is happy and wises All for the beet—if a man would but know It Providence wishes us all to be blest This is no dream of the pundit or poet

Heaven is gracioua, and—All's for the best

All for the beat! set this on your standard. Soldier of sadness, or pilgrim of love, Whoto the shores of Despair may hava wandered, All for the best be man but confiding

Providence tenderly governs the real. And the frail bark of His creature is guiding Wisely and warily all for the beat

All for the be»t then fling sway terrors, Meet all your foam and ywar fceaoa tbsvan, And in the midt* of your danger* or errors,

Trust li^e a cbUd whils you strive Hk* a maa All% for the best, unbiaswd, unbounded. Providence nignafiram the East to the West And by both wisdom and merrsy awrrounded,

Hope and be happy that All's far th« hes«*

7 a a

.CATMmxiiui/—An Bngitth ftgrfcultnrrf p*** foHowing method of dostroviag caterpillar*, which was acoidentally discovered and in practised by a gardener near Glasgow. A piece «f woollen rag had been Wcwrn by the wind into a currant bush, and when taken «wt was found covered by the leaf-devouring insects. Taking the hint, he immediate ly placed pieces of woollen cloth in every 'bush in hi« garden, and found the next day that the caterpillars had universally taken to them for shelter. In this way he destroys many thoutgnds every morning

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9

LETTERS

rltOM itok. JOHN QU1NCY Aliiwl io HIS SOK ON TUB BIBLi AND ITS TEACHINGS, trmmviH.

Th© whole system of Christianity appears to have been set forth by its Divine Author in His sermon on the Mount, recorded in the 5th, 6th, and 7th chapters of Matthew. 1 intend hereafter to make them the subjects of remarks much more at large for the present 1 confine myself merely to general views. What I would impress upon your mind is infinitely important to the happiness and virtue of your life, as the general spirit of Christianity and the duties which result from it. In my last letter, I showed you, from the verv words of our Saviour, that He commanded His disciples to aim at absolute perfection, and that this perfection consisted in self-subjugation and brotherly love, In the oomplete conquest of our own passions, and in the practice of benevolence to our fellow-creatures. Among the Grecian systems of moral philosophy, that of the Stoics resembles the Christian doctrine in the particular of requiring the total subjugation of* the passions and this part of the Stoic principle was adopted "by the academies.— You will find the question discussed with atl the eloquence and ingenuity of Cicero, in the fourth of his Tusculan disputations, which I advise you to read and meditate upon. You will there find proved, the duty of subduing the passions, it is sometimes objected that this theory is not adapted to the infirmities of human nature that it is not made for a being so constituted as man that an earthen vessel is not formed to dash itself against a rock that in yielding to the impulses of the passions, man only follows the dictates of his nature that to subdue them entirely is an effort boyond his powers. The weakness and frailtv of our nature, it is not possible to deny—it is too strongly tested by all human experience, as vi'ell as by the whole tenor of the Scriptures but the degree of weakness must be measured by the efforts to overcome it. and not by indulgence to it. Once admit weakness as an argument to forbear exertion, and it results in absolute Impotence. It is also very inconclusive reasoning to infer that because perfection Is not absolutely to be obtained, it is therefore not to be sought. Human excellence consists in approximation to perfection and the only means of approaching to any term, is by endeavoring to obtain the term itself. With these convictions upon the mind—with a sincere and honest effort to practice upon them, and with the aid of a divine blessing which is promised to it, the approaches to perfection may at least be so great as to nearly answer all the ends which absolute perfection itself could attain. All exertion, therefore, is virtue and if the tree be judged bv its fruit, it is certain that all the most virtuous characters of heathen antiquity were the disciples of the Stoic doctrine. But let it even be admitted that a perfect command of the passions is unattainable to human infirmity*, it will still be true that the degree of moral excellence possessed by any individual is in exact proportion to the degree of control he exercises over himself According to the Stoic?, all vice was resolvable into folly according to the Christian principle, it is all the effect of weakness. In order to preserve the dominion of our own passions, it behooves us to be constantly and strictly on our guard against the influence and infection of the passions of others. This caution above *11 is necessary to youth and I deem it indispensable to enjoin it upon you—because, as kindness and benevolence comprise the whole system of Christian duties, there may be, and often is, great danger of falling into errors and vice merely for the want of energy to resist the example or enticement of others. On this point the true character of Christian morality appears to me to have been misunderstood by some of its ablest and warmest defenders. In Pafey's "View of the evidences of Christianity there i* a chapter upon the morality of the Gospel, the general tenor of which (as of the whole work) is excellent, hut lit which there is the following passage: "There are two opposite descriptions of character, under which mankind may generally be classed the one possesses vigor, firmness, resolution, is active and daring, quiet in its sensibilities, jealous of its fame, eager in its attachments, inflexible of its purposes, violent in its resentment the other meek, yielding, complying, forgiving, not prompt to act, but willing to suffer, silent and gentle under rudeness and insults, suing for reconciliation where others would demand satisfaction giving way to the pushes of impudence, conceding and indulgent to the prejudices, the wrong-headedness, the intractability of others with whom it has to den!. The former of these charac^rs is, and ewer has been, the favorite of the world it is the character of great men.-*-there is a, dignity in it which commands respect,— The latter i« poor, spirited, tame and ab-! ject. Yet so it has happened, that with the founder of Christianity, the latter is the subject of his commendation, His precepts, His example, and that the former is so in no part ef its composition/* Dr. Paley in this place adopts the opinion of Soame Jennings, whose essay on he "Internal Evidences of Christianity," he strongly recommends but I cannot consider it either as an accurate and discerning delineation of character, nor as exhibiting a correct representation of Christian principles. The founder of Christianity did Indeed pronounce distinct and positive blessings upon the ••poor in spirit," which is by no means synonymous with the "poor spirited and upon the meek but in what part of the gospel did Dr. Paley find Him coun

financing by "commendation, by precept or example, the tame and ahject f" The character which Christ assumed upon earth, was that of a Lord and Mas ter It was in that character His disciples received and acknowledged Him. The obedience He required was unbounded, infinitely beyond that which was ever claimed by the most absolute earthly sovereign of His subjects: never for one moment did He recede from this authoritative station He preserved it in washing the feet of His disciples He preserved it in answer to the officers who struck Him for this very deportment to the High Priest, He preserved it in the agonv of His ejaculation on the Cross. ••Father forgive them, for thev know not what they do." He expressly declared Himself "the Prince of this world, and the Son of God.' He spoke as one having authority, not only to His disciples, but to His mother, to His judges, to Pilate the Roman Governor, to John the Baptist, His precursor and there is not in the four Gospels, one act, not one word recorded of Him, (excepting His communion with God) that was not a direct, or implied assertion of authority.— He said to llis disciples, "Learn of me, for 1 am meek and lowly of heart &c,, but where did He ever say to them, learn of rne for I am tame and abject There is certainly nothing more strongly marked in the precepts and example of Christ, than the principle of stubborn and inflexible resistance against the impulses of others to evil. He taught His disciples to renounce everything that is counted enjoyment upon eurth "to take up their cross," and to suffer ill treatment, persecution and death for His sake.— What else is the book of the "Acts of the Apostles" than a record of the faithfulness with which these chosen ministers of the Gospel carried! these injunctions into execution In the conduct and speeches of Peter, John and Paul, is there anything that could justly be called "tame or abject V' Is there anything indicating a resemblance to the second class of character into which Dr. Paley divides all mankind If there is a character upon historical record distinguished by a bold, inflexible, tenacious and intrepid spirit, it is that of Paul. It was to such characters only, that the commission to "teach all nations," could be committed with certainty of success.— Observe the impression of Christ, in His charge to Peter (a rock) and upon this rock will I build my Church and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it, —Dr. Paley's Christian is one of those drivelers, who, to use a vulgar phrase, can never say no, to anybody. The true Christian is the"Justum et tenacem propositi virum" of Horace, (the man who is just and steady to his purpose.)— The combination of these qualities, so essential to heroic character, with those of meekness, lowliness of heart, and brotherly love, is what constitutes that moral perfection of which Christ gave an example in His own life, and to which Ife commands His disciples to aspire.— Endeavor, my dear son, to discipline your heart, and to govern your conduct by these principles thus combined be meek, be gentle, be kindly affectionate to all mankind, not excepting your enemies but never be "tame or abject:" never give way to the pushes of impudence, or show yourself yielding or complying to prejudice, wrong-heade iness, or intractability, which would lead or draw you astray from the dictates of your own conscience, and your own sense of right: "till you die, let not your integrity depart from youbuild your house upon the rock, and then let the raifts descend, and the floods come, and the winds blow and beat upon that house— "it shall not fall, it will be founded upon a rock." So promises your blessed Lord and Master, and so prays your affectionate father,

a a 1 1

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.

A BEAUTIFUL MORAL. I A boy, on perceiving a butterfly, was so smitten with its gaudy colors, that he pursued it from flower to flower with indefatigable zeal at first he attempted to surprise it among the leaves of arose then he endeavored to cover it with his hat, as it was feeding on a daisy now ho hoped to secure it as it revelled on a sprig of myrtle and now grew sure of his prize on perceiving it to loiter on a bed of violets but the fickle butterfly still eluded his attempts. At last, observing it half buried in the cup of a tulip he rushed forward, and snatching at the oliject of his pursuit with violence, It was crushed to pieces. The dying insect perceiving the boy chagrined at his disappointment, addressed him with the utmost calmness in the following words: "BehoJd now the end of thy unprofitable solicitude, and learn for the benefit of thy future life, that pleasure like a painted butterfly, may serve to amuse thee in the pursuit, but if embraced with too much ardor, will perish in thy grasp."

GIVING BY IMPULSE While the last generation was flminsning, wets dwelt in what is now a famous dty, not a mile from Boston, an opulent widow lady, who once afforded a queer manifestation of that old compound «f incempatftrilMy, called "human nature"

It was a Christmas nva of one of those crtd fashioned Winters which were so "Wttw ooid." The old lady put on an extra shawl and n» she hugged her shivering frame, she said to her faithful negro

^lUs a terrible cold night, Fdp. I am afraid my poor neighbor, widow Given, ,mil

neighbor. w»ow utven, ,must be suffering.

Take the

wbeH-barrow,

ftrip, fill it full erf wood.

Pile en great load, and tdl the g»r woman to keep herself warm and oomfartabto. But hefom you go, Scip, put aome more wood on Uw nra and malts mc a nice cap of flip."

The last orders were duly obpwd: and the old lady was thoroughly warmed, both inside and out And now the trusty cipio was about to depart on Ms errand of mercy, when his considerate mistrews interposed again. "(Stop NTpia. Ywt (Wo sat tww. wurmn

HAS JSORMURW*."1

-5 TERRH HAUTE, IND., MAY 20,1848.

From the People's Friend. QpftMON S^HOQPy, MO, 1?.

Is months' schooling a year too much? I canno| suppose that any one will think that six months is mor« lime than should be devoted to school instruction per year, in order to render the work of education economical, by spending so much lime and having so much practice on lessons, ns not to be /table to great lota from not well remembering what has been attended to, but not firmly fixed in the understanding and memory.

But it may be thought by some that it will cost too much to support schools So long each year: that the tax for that purpose, (26 cents per $100) is too heavy a burden. Before we decide this point, however, let us consider the true state of the case. It is not paying so much additienal to what we have heretofore paid. It is, to a great extent, paying the same, or less than we have been used to, but in a different mode, and under another namffi

!Again,

if the object is really of

great importance, and we cannot meet the cost in any other way—if we cannot earn more by greater diligence—save more by better economy—or lay up less in a spirit of larger liberality—why, then let us spend less on things not really important, and by that means, even selfdenial, if necessary, render ourselves able to supply the funds for this object, so far beyond most others in the value of its results. Let us have the children well taught, even though some trifles of mere gratification should have to be given up. -V

But even three months, though too short a time for effecting much good, will require a lax of at least 15 cents per $100. Present distribution of the school funds, $131,708 Tax of 15 cents per $100 on $130,000,000, 195,000

Total for support of schools, $326,708 For 5000 teachers, at $60 per 3 months, 300,000

Balance for other expenses, $26,708 The contingent expenses for 3 months school would most of them be the same as for 6 months. But the value in education would not be half as much, tho' the tax would be two-thirds of our estimate for 6 months schooling.

Should the tax be 20 cents per $100, it would not be sufficient for 4 months schooling.

Present school fund $131,708, tax $260,000, total $391,708 cost for 5000 teachers, 4 months, $400,000.

I have left the poll tax $34,000 to form a fund for school libraries, maps, &c.

If the time of school is less than 6 months, there cannot be such a division made as to admit of employing both male and female teachers. And it is on that point that obtaining 6 months school for a tax of 25 cents per $100, is dependent. It would require at least 35 cents per $100 and the poll tax of 25 cents, to employ .5000 teachers 6 months, at a cost of $600,000 that is, males at $20 per month.

This part of the plan must be more particularly considered. Can we obtain competent female teachers? We can find females as easily as males, if we are willing to employ them.' We have not near qualified teachers enough of either sex. To obtain a supply, we shall be obliged to procure some from abroad, and prepare many at home. We can as easily find females abroad to come among us as we can males and we can prepare females at home as easily as males.— The compensation wo can offer will be more of an object to well qualified females than to males. And with proper qualifications they will in more than half the cases be better teachers.

?,rIt

is not probable that the same arrangement will take place in all the districts. The law will be so formed as to allow adjoining districts (or single ones either) to arrange their school plans so as to render a more economical application of the school money practicable,

In some places they may have three months school by a male teacher, for the older scholars, and three months more by a female teacher, for the younger.— By thus separating the advanced scholars from the beginners, both divisions of them would learn much more and much better, and be much more easily governed. Such a plan would be better than nine months school, with all the scholars mixed together under one teacher.

Or in large districts formed of small towns, another course might be taken. For example. In Covington, Fountain county, there are about 450 scholars— equal to 5 average districts, such as our estimates are based on there would be at $90 per district for teachers, $450.— Have then three schools for the young scholars to be taught by females, and one for the advanced pupils to be taught by a male teacher. Allow $10 per month to the females, for eight months teaching, the cost of three would be $240# ^ay a very well qualified male teacher $26 S6 per month, and for eight months the cost would b$ 9210 whole cost of four teachers for 8 months, $460. Or employ four females 6 months Instead of 8, and the coat would be 9240: whole cost as before. Or employ three female teachers 6 months for 9180, and a firstrate male teacher 9 months at 930, cost 9270. Total as above.

Various ways of economiting might be sugg^pJJalcl^ aboy? specified.

vBy

THIS

S|3#

E O

properly arranging scholars, so

that those under the same teacher at one time will be nearly of the same degree

or progress in knowledge, a great amount is both saved and gained, in the work of both teaching and learning, and more scholars can be well instructed by a given number of teachers.

It is not to bo understood that teachers will receive the same prices in all places in some the costs of living and the amount of school labor will be more or less than in others, and the wages will consequently vary. I have stated an average price as a basis of calculation. And this will be enough as a general rate.

No doubt in many places there will be a plan adopted by which an additional sum will be raised, so as to have schools kept up nine or ten months in the year and some of them of a higher grade, so as to require a higher rate of compensation than the one above stated.

March 13, 1848. g.

A HARD STRAIN ON SUSPENDERS The Yankee Blade tells a story of a farmer who was ploughing thro' afield of stumps, with some sixteen or twenty yoke of oxen. Of course he did not work clear of anything, but took a straight line with his team. It was not long before his plough struck a large stump and made its way through. As fhe farmer was ebout following, the thought struck his mind that the stump might close after the plough and be rather hard on him, so he made a leap to go over. Sure enough the two portions of the stump did spring together, and in doing so caught his trousers with the grip of a vieft? Now these trousers were homespun, and the stuff remarkably strong. The oxen moved steadily on, the farmer grasped tightly the handles of his plough. There was a long pull, a strong pull, and a pull altogether, by the twenty yoke of oxen. The stump held on, the farmer held on^ and the trowsers would not yield a thread.— But something had to come. There was no standing a forty ox team, and so the roots gave in, and away went stump, farmer, plough and oxen, across the field. Some days after, the old fellow told the story to a friend, and ended by saying. "Now I call the trowsers first rate stuff." "Undoubtedly," replied the friead. with becoming gravity, "But it was a hard strain on the suspenders." }|U ft

A BATTLE BETWEEN AN EAGLE AND A SERPENT. In the month of AUE the Ohio river on board

st, 1843,1 was sailing up he fine steamer v\ acousapp roach*

ted spot on the river called the "Robber's Cave," my attention was attracted by several loud screams. I looked above where they seemed to originate, and saw an eagle describing circles in the air in a most beautiful and graceful manner. As it wheeled around in its gyrations with mathematical precision, with outstretched but motionless wings, it ever and anon uttered that peculiar scream which first drew my attention. Whilst I was gazing in admiration at its elegant curves, it suddenly changed its motion and descended with almost inconceivable velocity in a perpendicular line to the earth! It went down as one of the passengers described it, "like a dart." Before we could express our astonishment or give any opinion concerning its object, it again arose ana ascended to a great height, with a rapidity almost equal to its descent, Bearing in its beak a large serpent! As it mounted up the long body of the snake hung down from the beak of Uie eagle like the end of a large rope. It was not, however, lifeless. It squirmed in every direction, and made strong efforts for its deliverance. But in vain.— The eagle held it with a death grip.

The serpent resolving to sell its life as dear as

Eird,

ossible, endeavored to impede the flying of the and by dint of hard struggling, succeeded in setting his body over the back of the eagle.' The feathered pirate now became aware of hxs danger. His wings were his only means of safety. If these becamo bound, he must perish with his enemy. A11 his efforts, however, could not dislodge the snake. The wilysement, anaconda-like, drew itself more and more tightly around him. It now had the advantage in the contest The pinions of the eagle were pinioned. The snake coiled like a rope around the body of its adversary, was enabled completely to fetter its wings and stop its flight.— The struggle ceased. The eagle was conquered! They both began to fall, bound together as they were. They came down as rapidly as they had ascended and "fell into the river. So interested were the officers and passengers in the contest, that the steamer backed water, a boat put off, and in a few minutes the. two belligerents were upon our deck dead! The snake had wound itself completely around the wings of the noble bird.

Whilst I stood gazing upon the two objects, my mind was forcibly impressed with the analogy beis in id an he so vi A a distance sin is particularly attractive. Serpentlike, it displays a variety of beautiful colors. It appears extremely fascinating hut when indulged in, its results are fatal. It ensnare* it fetters it destroys. Not only does it prevent man from soaring toward heaven, but it binds and weakens him, and brings him to the grave.~{Arnerican Cabinet.

NEW WAY OF TAKING LEECHES.—A stout Irishman the other day in New Orleans was seized with the yellow fever. His attack (says the National) was a light one. The physician recommended leeches, as one of his remedies to cure the fever, and after giving as he supposed proper orders how to apply them, he, to save expense to his patient, sent them to him in a bottle, that he might dispense with the presence of a leecher. The doctor called in the course of the day, and to his surprise found most of the leeches alive and active in the bottle.

Expressing his astonishment, he asked his patient why he had not used them. "Used them is it," said paddy, eyeing them with disgust, "havn't I swallowed two of the serpents, and if it's more ye'd have down to save me from the yellow fever, then go for a praste." ———————

STRAW WA«MW.—Recently, two pedlers, travelling on the road to Cadebec, in a cariole, wore smoking cigars, from the fire of which some straw at the bottom of the wagnn became ignited. The flames soon drove them from their seats, and while they were busy in extinguishing the fire, a countryman who had been for some time following them on horseback, alighted to assist them. "I have been watching the smoke fcr gome time." said he. "Why, then, did you not give us notfeet" asked the travellers.

"Well, (responded the peasant,) there lawr new-fangled are so man now-a-days, I thought by steam!**

Inventions

you were going

From the Cincinnati Chronicle

THE CENTRE OF REPRESENTATIVE POPULATION AND ITS PHILOSOPHY.

A table calculated by Dr. Patterson, of the U. States Mint in Philadelphia, showing the centre of representative popula tion of the United States at each census from 1790 to 1840 inclusive, gives the following results: In 1790 the centre of representative population was in Balti more county, Md., forty-six miles north and twenty-two east from Washington. In 1800 it was in Carroll county, Md., fifty-two miles north and nine east from Washington. In 1810 it was in Adams county, Pennsylvania, sixty-four miles north and thirty west from Washington. In 1820 it was in Morgan county. Virginia, foty [sic]-seven miles north and seven ty-one west from Washington. In 1830 it was in Hampshire county, Virginia forty-three miles north and one hundred and eight west from Washington: In 1840 it was in Marion county, Virginia, thirty-six miles north and one hundred and sixty west from Washington. Thus it would appear that the centre of representative population has kept nearly on the same parallel of latitude for fifty years, the latitude of 1840 being within ten miles of that of 1790. It has in the same fifty years moved westward one hundred and eighty-two miles.—<Baltimore American>.

Iu 1850 the centre of representative population will have crossed the Ohio River about thirty miles north of Marietta—in about thirty years more will reach Dayton, Ohio, and will <never again reappear in a slave State>. Why? Around the centre of gravitation in the Physical World lies the most profound and interresting philosophy, which has filled the volumes, and enlarged the vision of physical science. So around this centre of representative population in the United States, lies a deep philosophy of both Moral and Physical science. This centre travels regularly west, and it travels on the same parallel of latitude, that too with remakable uniformity. Why?— From these facts may be deduced, with as much certainty as any Natural Laws are deduced from any given state of facts two great laws of SOCIAL MOVEMENT.— As these laws have direct reference to the present scheme of Mexican Annexation,—to the progress of Negro Population. and to the entire progress of the United States, we call our readers' attention to the following important facts.— They are worth a thoughtful consideration.

1. The Centre of Representative Pop--ulation in the United States, which is very nearly equivalent (because of the small number of slaves excluded from Representation) to the centre of the whole population—moves West on the same parallel of latitude continually and invariably.

The cause of this is dependent on another fact—that races all over the globe (with but few exceptions) move in the same parallels of latitude. "This is a law of nature. Why! Because those who are by constitution and social education, fitted for one climate, are unfitted for another. The negro cannot be made profitable, except in climates where tropical productions grow and hence, we see the continual tendency of the Negro population is to the Southwest. As that class are slaves, they are there only profitable, and their masters go with them. So wit}* the Northern Farmers. They move steadily on tJie same line of latitudc. This law ?f Nature and Society has produced in this country most singular and uniform results. Thus, the people of New England first emigrated to Middle and Western New York. Passing by the valley of the Hudson, the hereditary domain of the ancient Knickerbockers, they settled in the very heart and garden of that great State, till now about one-half the population of New York, either for themselves or their parents, claim New England as their birthplace. XI

The next spot where they touched was in Northern Ohio—New Connecticut, as it was called—in the same latitude as Old Connecticut, and peopled in a great measure, bv desoendants of the same people. The next Canaan of the Northern people was Michigan. Then New York also becamc an emigrating State, and Michigan is populated with New York Yankees and pure Yankees. Next they touched upon Northern Illinois and here was a peculiarly large going forth from Massachusetts and N. Hampshire. Next, Wisconsin is the wonderful hind of the Norih! Theu Ohio becomes an emigrating State, and joins with Yankees and Yorkers to fill up Iowa! To complete the picture, in Northern Pennsylvania, we have a stream of these people, for no other reason, only that it waa in ihc latitude of Connecticut. Turning to the other

idef

we find Vir­

ginia pushing her column into Kentucky, and Kentucky and Virginia rushing into Missouri! Still farther South, we find South Carolina peopling Alabama— then Mississippi and then Arkansas!— Everywhere the same law holds—the column of emigration moves in the same latitude with it* origin. Heuce it will continue in ihe same latitude.^ 2. The movement of the miltd mast of the population is continually and systematically West. This movement is, on ihe whole, wiih accelerated velocity.

""WHOLE m',818.

Mihw

FYom 1780 to lflOO. the movement Weet waa 13 1800 to!«!'' do fo 39 1810 to 1* Jl "C "do do 41

H&Ota 1830, ft «to.~T

do^l'. 37

1830 to IWO,^ dof dot.*,* W From this table it is twist obvious that the Gravitation of Population is moving West at an accelerated velocity, and that this must continue, because

far greater fertility of lands in the West. The average velocity is more than five, miles in each year so that the centre of population is now just about OH Ohio^ river, end in 1860 will be in Washington or Monroe county, Ohio.

But there is a limit to this Gravitation of Population West. That arises from the fact that the vast plateau of the Rocky Mountains, (nearly a thousand miles in diameter) is very inferior land, and cannot sustain more than a sparse population. On the other hand, the Central (that is, the present Northwestern) States are the best lands on the Continent.— The States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa will at some time contain <fifty millions of inhabitants>.— These States will make the great Central Empire of the North American Continent. They will control its destiny, and control its legislation and its civilization. ————————

SEWING MACHINE.

While almost every other branch of human industry has been re-organized by some ingenious labor-saving process, a sewing machine has, up to the present time, remained a desideratum. At length, however, what has seemed to be an irnpossibility, has been accomplished by Messrs. J. B. Johnson and Charles Morey. It is a contrivance of great ingenuity, but of remarkable simplicity and so far as we know is the only machine for sewing which has ever been put in successful practical operation. Several of the machines have already been constructed, and we yesterday had the pleasure of seeing them perform with a sort of vivacious accuracy, rapidity and ease, the hitherto slow, toilsome and monotonous "stitch—stitchstitch."

It is difficult to describe this machine so as to

the reader an intelligible idea of it. To sew the seams of pantaloons, for instance, the cloth is fastened to a bar, so constructed as to obviate the necessity of basting. This bar, with the cloth attached, is moved horizontally in front of the needle, by means of a feed motion, which measures with perfect accuracy the length of the stitches. This motion can easily and instantly be so adjusted as to make longer and shorter stiches at the will of the operator. The needle—which has its eye in the point, or very near it—is driven through the cloth, by means of a peculiarly formed cam. The thread—which runs from a spool through the end of a spring, so that it can be tightened at pleasure—passes with the point of a needle through the cloth, till it is caught by a hook on the other side. This hook holds the thread in a peculiar manner, forming it into a loop, until the needle has passed and been again driven through—the bar upon which the cloth is, having in the mean time been moved along the length of one stitch. The hook then drops its first hold and again seizes the thread—which has now passed through the loop—and repeats the process thus interweaving the thread so as to form a uniform and substantial stitch, such aa the ladies call a chain stitch.

From 250 to 300 stitches can be taken in this way in a minute and one machine can do, and do well the work of six and perhaps eight seamstresses. The work for which the machine is particularly adapted is sewing of long straight seams but it is obviously susceptible of variation and improvement so as to adapt it to the needle work of a more complicated description.—[Boston Taveller. ———————

"Laugh and grow fat" is an old adage and Sterne tells us that every time a man laughs he adds something to his life.— An eccentric philosopher of the latest century used to say, that he liked not only to laugh himself, but to see laughter and hear laughter. Laughter is good for health it is a provocative to the appetite, and a friend to digestion. Dr. Sydenham said the arrival of a merryandrew in a town was more beneficial to the health of the inhabitants than 20 asses loaded with medicine. Mr. Pott used to say that fie never saw the "Tailor riding to Brentford" without feeling better for a week afterwards. -keo

BLACK WALNUT.—The French Government has established a handsome bounty for encouraging the growth of the Black Walnut of America in France.— We have frequently called the attention of the^Southern people to this valuable forest tree—but to almost no advantage. In Paris, London and Liverpool it sells at the same price with mahogany, and at a very small fraction lower in Philadelphia, New York and Boston. Will our people hereafter waste it, orwill they open communications and ship it to market 1 Why not know something but politics, and that not understood Southerner. .iwiysi .•

Con or TAXINS OUT PATENTS Inaom—The expenses in England are heavy. T° take out a patent there costs from ffiOO to $1,000 $400 to #500 more if Scotland is included, and another $800 for Ireland.

The Governments of Prance and Belgium will not iasuft patents to importer* or other than the original inventors, unless such importers produce the powers of attorney from the inventors them*elve«, authorising them to do so.

France charges $100 for a five year patent $200 for ten years $300 for fifteen years—payable in instalment* of $20 a year. Bdgiftm Is more moderate so are the Dutch. Prussia charges very trifling fees. Russia will grant a patent for 1 year at $50, or for 6, at $290. A patent for Cuba coats $250. $500 or $750. for 5,10 or 15 yeart' privilege, sabject to the decrees of Spain. awptmHir? a & iv &

A lady of this dty gave birth a few days since to twine—a bor ami a girl. As the little girl was the Sort to make her appearance in this bulling world, the mother, on consultation with hat friends, has come to the conclusion to name her Telegraph, on the ground that she was in advance of %e MAUL

We hope for the sake of humanity, that when the child shall become old enough to stretch her wires she will not rommit as manv errors as her lightning G^-aotber.-^W^Q. ^Pelta^,

To prevent the curculios from injuring plums, fill a number of vial* nearly full with molasses and water, in May, and hang them on the limbs of the trees. They attract the insects from the fruit and catch them. It has been tried with success, ban ,: 1—:—-

Strfccaaa ut COWVKRSATION.—The art of conversation consists of the exercise of two fine qualities. You must originate. and you must sympathize you must possess at the same time the habit of communicating and listening. The union:%rare, but irresistible.

IRON.—It is estimated in the Philadel­-

phia Bulletin that the consumption of Iron in this country in nearly a crude state, exceeds forty millions of dollars per annum. ———————

Ax Oio Fksa.—I declare, said Aunt was

the

oddest creature that was ever put mtf.a skin. He wa'nt like other men in any thmp he of the ntvet cat his dimmr till the neit day at noon.