The Wabash Courier, Volume 16, Number 18, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 1 January 1848 — Page 2

THE COURIER.

JESSE COWARD

•-W^V-W~V

Vdltor ?.

E E A E

SATURDAY ,.v.\v. JAN. 1,1848

Pmahoifi r'» MESSAGE.—It has seldom, we think, fallen to the lot of any public document In receive such severe rebuke •nd prompt refu'aiioo as the U»te Message of President Polk. fThere is such a palpsble Want of candor and fair dealing, in many of its parts, a to destroy confidence in any and all the premise® and conclu«on«, which the President has attempted or assumed in the course of his arguments. He asserts thut the last Congress declared the present "War to exist by the set of the Republic of Mexico,*' With onl oo negative votes in the Senate nnd four teen in the Mouse.

This is done with the view of deceiving tbd community into the belief that he wax supported in the war, by great unanimity in Congress. Now how were the facts A bill wst introduced, '-authorizing the President to accept the services of volunteers and for other purposes."

When this bill came up at the las' stage, a motion was made to sinks out the entire first section, and insert a new first section beginning— "Where**, by the act of ih& Republic of Mexico, a state of war exists between that Government and the United States."

There was no chance to remonstrate— the Previous Question forbidc—and thU amendment was forced upon the hilt by a vote of one hundred and twenty-thrte Yea* to sixty seven Nays thus showing that at least sixty seven in the House denied that war existed by the xact of the Republic of Mexico" in the Senate eighteen voted ogainst the false nnd deceptive preamble, instead of two. Here we have a sample of the subterfuge to which the President resort*.— The Message is undoubtedly couched in plausible language, and calculated to deceive in most of the points discussed, except where a little investigatinc shows tb»* fallacy of the whole argument.

CONGRESS.—In other columns will be found some proceedings of severs I dnys in Congress. For many tys at the coin

mencement, both houses seemed to be occupied in adopting rules, arranging com* mit tees, &c. dec. Later accounts look liko going to business. Resolutions on various subjects havo bet-n introduced, which indicate something very much like an exciting session. Many resolutions in relation to the war have been introduced taking ationg grounds against the whole war, and plncing it in its origin upon ttic* shoulders of (he Executive, declaring that in a war thus begun it would be disrepu table to receive indemnity, and that a na tion could ofTord to be magnanimous with a weak nation liko Mexico, after abandoning a claim like that which had been set up for the whole of Oregon.

The moat imports nt resolutions were those introduced by Mr. Botis. They are in substance that it is the duty of Cong ress—

I. To srfhereto the national intfrity. rbe? the Constitution* and resist Executive encrMcl»rn»nti. 3 TImi territory acquired h? Cmgrrr* in *i elattoa of theCoostitauon, and in conflict wiib the genius and spirit of owr insulations 3. Thai tbe war with Mexico was net brought on by Mexico. 4. But was brought on by tha nnsntb«rii«l act of lbs Executive ta ordering oar arm/ to Mexican territory. 5. That vra have no right in claim indemnity for tha exprnvas of war brought on bv the ill vised and unprovoked sets ol war public luoctwnsries. 6. That tha honor of the nation does not require tha exaction of territory from M«xtc». to watch we have nocUim, and rieldint to Grrat Britain territory tha litis to tabid) we declared to ba clear and unquestionable. 7. Tttst to exact tmiiorv from Mexico w««Id devolve upon as tha neorwny at making a similar demand in all fuiar# war* which would involve as in intarmmabla difBcnlttea-

I. That no mora territory caabesnnexad to tha United States by virtue of the war without involving the agitation of domestic fR»ntiin». W getting sectional animosities and waakmuig ibe txa that connect us together. 9 Thai if conquered territory ha ant tha object of tha war, we can see no good reaaon for contm stag oar troops in tha heart of the memr's tuun try, by which ihetr lives ara exposed and oar reauarera uselessly exp-nd*!. to. That a conquering nation haa nothing to sppr*h*nd Irom an exhibition of magaammiijr to defeated for.

II. That tha withdrawal of »w trrw*pe tinder preliminary arrangements, offers the eat? tnpa of apeedf sad lasting paaca. 13- That oar inamutiooa, founded opnn the rights of man, repudiate tbadoctrioe that "might snakes right 13. That if upon tha rcasoration of peace, it •hall ha toanJ that we nead a harbir on th« Pacific, we ara ahla and oaght to bo willing to pur ebaae it 14 That if it ahaII ba determined by tha Representsiives of tha People that this war shall be further praeecnted, it will then h»*wroe thedaty of men of all partita to furatah all n^edfai sup|ttes to carry o» tha war with vigur and effect.

DEATH or CflANXEI.t.OU KRMT. This eminent man died on Sunday eve nirtg, the I3th alt,, at New York, in the 85th year of his age. In 1798, James Kent, then Recorder of New York, was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, in February, 1804, any a the Journal of Commerce, be was appointed Chief us-ice. and remained io that office until February 25tl», 1914. when be was made Chance!tor of the State, the functions of which office he per. formed with distinguished a oil it* till disqualified by the Constitution, July 31st, 1833, in consequence of having attained the age of sixty. in 1821, he represented Albany County in the State Con* veniion which formed the Constitution that went into operation 1st July, 1823.

Chancellor Kent was noleaadistingntshed for the virtues of a good man, which Secured to him all the ornaments of age, .•mw inepdf, thaa for briUtani tajente end to climb tke-jwesmnd gtith* srn profound lejfii aiiainmenta.

Vrro.—The President's Veto Message of the River and Harbor Bill seems to receive Bp mercy in Congress. jfThe set is mtMl unpopular* ^Tbe strongest Adminisration members west of th« Mountains, express themselves in severe terms in reference to this Veto, The following reso lutmn was introduced by Mr. Wentwortb of Illinois, and on which the previous question was moved and seconded by very decisive vote

Resolved, That the General Government has the power to construct auch Harbors and improve such Rivers as are nec«»sary and proper for the protection of our Navy and of our Commere, and also for the defences of our Country.

This resolution spoke for itself, and in most powerful tones of r?bul^4Q4ti|Jp^ecuiive.

All attempts to get rid of it on the Administration aide of the Chamber failed, and it was at last brought to a vote upon the yeas and nays, and the resolution was adopted by a vote of 138 10 54—one of the most marked and important votes of the Congres*, and a direct rebuke to the Ex-rcutive for his recent Veto.

A Washington correspondent of the Pittsburg Gazette, spesking of the Veto, says:

Mr. Pettit, of Indiana, who In his speech to the House, claims to have done more for the election of Mr. Polk than any ody else, who fought for him at home, nbroad, in doors and out, has made a warm and uncompromising speech against it. Ho goes na far as the most uncompromising Whig of the West against the novel ond extreme doctrines of the Message, and will unite,as I doubt not all the Whigs from the We#t will, in defence of the right. Not a lisp has been heard in defence of the President's course, except from member* representing Georgia, Virginia and South Carotin* in part. Members from west of the Mountains, and along the grt-a: Lnke shore, hnve denounced his Veto and his policy. Indeed, the Executive shows no friendly feeling to the Free States in any thing. In his opposition to Protection and Internal Improvements, he quite up to th« South Carolina school of politics, and in some things beyond, for he has some of that warm feeling peculiar to the South, and which, if is sometimes rash, is always generous.

In Congressional proceedings of the 21st nst., we notice that, after some unimportant business the order of the day was called, being Mr. Richardson's resolutions in favor of prosecuting the war.

One substitute was offered by Mr. Sloven«on of Georgia, for withdrawing our troops, and negotiating for nn indemnity.

Another by Mr. Bolts of Virginia, declaring thnt the Americans were the aggressors, the war unjust, and the President to blame for the consequences.

A third by Mr. Thompson of Indiana, in favor of negotiating for Upper Califor tiia and Monterey, and opposing other territorial conquests by the war, and de daring that the movements of our army producutl the war.

These substitutes with the original res uluyon were all laid over.

LECTURES ON llfr'.ALTti. "Six Lectures on the Uses of the Lungs, and causes, prevention, and cure of Consumption, Asthma, nnd diseases of the Heart on the laws of longevity and on the mode of preserving mnle and female health to an hundred years."

A work of 3'24 pages, by Samue! S. Fitch, A. M., M. D., with the above title, and containing 28 illustrations, was laid on our tablo a week or two since. We have read a portion of the book—suffic lent to be able to pronounce it excellent-— a work well deserving, and well repaying a careful perusal. We believe there is an agency in town through which the book may be had.

Ojrsstoa—In publishing the proceedings of the Whig County Convention recently held at the Court House, the name of Joscm EVA«S was accidentally omit. tel, as one of the delegates to the State Convention. Mr. Evans was regularly nominated and unanimously agreed to as one of the delegates to the Convention.

From Indianapolis we learn that Mr. KitNNEDr. whnee case alarmed the Legislature, was fast recovering from the Small Pox. At the laat dates there was no increase of the disesse—no other known in the town.

case

U. S. SBPUTO* ra«M AuAtAHA.—The Hon. Dixon H. Lewis has been re-elected *o the Senate of the United Statee from Alabama for six years from the 4th of March last. The election was decided on the 18th ballot. Col. King's name having been withdrawn.

MEXICO.--The aewa from Mexico, in our columns of to-day, will be found inter erting.

TFTUFITURA TO N«w Oxiiu**—The L"t»t**iile Journal of Friday last says ••While riding out veeterdiy evening on the Bsrdstown rmd, we found Mr. O* Rielty's men vigorou«ly st work putting uo posts upon the telegrafth line to New Orleane vu* N««hvtlle. Mr, Oraleara, the superintendent of conatroctinn, in formed us that it is their in ention to finish from ten to fifteen miles per dsy."

Trt* TIUHHUVB LJH* Wggr.—Many people on the route nf the Telegraph line between Chicago and Lafayette, manifest great uneasiness, in consequence of the poles not being set oo their lend. They dimin

p*sstng along.

4

WADAI1I COURIER.

Several of our exchanges have made fit* vdrable refereoce !o the enlargement, 6te. of our paper* Among others, which might be adduced, if room could be spared, we extract the following

Frmi lie Danmll* (M) A»erti*er. Tha Wabash Courier at Terra Haute baa late! barn aalargad and ita appearance otherwise rnuc improved. Tha

ft

I

old heading which has stood on-

changed for jiflttn tftart haa been »u percedeil by a vary neat one of the latest cut, and the introduction of soma new rules, and at fki*i a lot of new type also, givea to tha whole sheet an "un Courter" like but tasty and healthy look. The Courier ia Whig, and "nothing else," and tbeaa improvements show that, tha party in Vigo ate aware of the fact. 4 tK. i. a

j^jFr»a lAe Harrito* Gaztit*. That sterling and ably conducted Whig nsper, the Wabash Conrier, published at Terra Haute, Indiana, cornea to us much improved in ns* and appearanca. Wa ara glad to aea this evidence of prosperity on the part nf our friend CO.IAKD. The Whige of old Vigo will not fail to gi_»e the Courier an extensive circulation, if thev discharge their duty. We mneh admire the publishers taste in tbs heading. It is vary neat.

From tht State Sentinel-

Tgi WABASH COBBIES —This old and respectable newspaper, which has been published at Terra Hauie, for mora than sixteen years, has part then of the spirit of progre*a and improvement, now rifa among the newspaportal fraternity every where. It has been enlarged and much improved in ahapa and general appearance. We like to aee this evidence ot prosperity manileated by tha old Courier, for we regard it as an old friend, thongh wa need long ago to get into soma pretty pungant controversies withit.

From the Viticrnne* G+tftte.

Oar friend Judge Conard, of tha Wabash Conrier, by enlarging and otherwise improving his papar, haa certainly rendered it ona of the haat papers in the Siata. We hnpe old Vigo will well sustain tbs Jtidgs in his snterpriae.

From the Wabaik Express.

THE Coosiia EKLABOKD.—Our neighbor came out last week, with his sheet considerably enlarged andhandaomelydreasedup with anew head, of new and fashionable letter, and with the bird of Jove standing on a section ni the globe in an attitude of proud defiance. We are glad to aea and happy to record this evidence of enterprise and public spirit and hope it will not he "as wed sown in barren soil." though this selfish world never appreciatsa as it should any thing intended for its own g°o«U

From the (Ttrre Hault) Umivtrmlist. THE WABASH CUURUK.—Without previous nntice, the Courier made its appearance Inst week much enlarged and improved by the addition of a new and beautiful head We are glad io s»e thta improvement, it is an indicntion thai the Courier establishment is 'doing wall." «,

From the Tipptcnnoe Journal.

WABASH COURIER —This old and excellent Whig Journal, we are glad lo see, has dofled its old duds, and romes nut in a bran aplinter-new suit, from head to foot. It presents a healthy and glowing countenance, (much like Judge Conard's) —and we dare nay is deatined to live and flourish, "like a green bay tree"—as long as newapapert are lash tollable.

From the Literary (Washington, 7a.) Journal. The "Waba»h Courier." published at Terre Haute, haa recently be»n enlatged and materially improved. It is. in fsct, not behind sny psper in ibe Hooaier State.

From the Fort Wayne Timet.

The Wabash (Terre Haute) Courier along established and rflicient Whig psper, comes to us conaiderably enlarged and improved. We are at way* gratified to see these evidences of prosperity on the part of our colemporaries.

DEPARTURE OP GENERAL TAYLOR FROM HEW ORLEANS. The New Orleans Times, of the Gili ins!., says

The honored great of the city left yesterday for his home, via Donaldsonville, where he stops a few hours, on that splendid boat, the Missouri. He was conducted to the river side by Mayor Crossman, with other members of the corporation Gov. John«on and staff officers of (he militia &c., with thousands of the po pulation, Mr. Gaily** battalion of ar tillery hnd the honor of escorting the he ro to the bont. The mutual fnrewell which was taken by the distinguished guest and his multitudinous hosts was ex* exceedingly impressive—nay nffecting even. The OLD MAN BRAVE wns scarcely able lo give expression to his sentiments of acknowledgment for the hon. ors which had been so profusely showered on him during his brief stay here,— Salvos of nrtillecy announced his embarkation ond the departure of the boat, which took place about )0, A. M.

On the 4th the sword voted by the Legislature of Louisiana to Gen, Taylor, was presented him by Gov, Johnson.— Many civic and military officers and a number of the most distinguished citizens were present on the occnsion. Governor Johnson mnde a very fine speech, to which the General replied as follows

GOVERNOR—In accepting the magnificent sword of honor which it has plensed the State of Loui«innn, through her Represen tatives, to confer upon me, I am sensible that no form of words can give adequate expression to my feelings. To receive from any quarter a testimonial conveying such high appreciation of services rendered, would be reward enough for the highest ambition—but there are circumstances which give this peeulfar value.— The name of Louisiana is identified with the signal victnry which crowned our arms at theclo«e of the war of 1812 it again appears in bright relief in the Florida war—and among the many associations connected With the victories which this sword is designed specially to commemorate, none am more grateful to mv heart than the Louisiana volunteers. If ant thing could add weight to these considerations it would be that in lxoisiana I have many cherislted personal friends, and that this tribute of respect seems to come, not from strangers, but from those whom I have known from youth. It shall be preserved by me, and my children, ass possession beyond all price.

Through you. Governor, reltim my heartfelt thanks to the people or* Louisi ana and I beg you will at the same time, accept my warm acknowledgments for the prompt and patriotic support which, in your official capacity, you have always extended to our army io Mexico.

TE HfMEU A If CIS 11* TIIK IT. ST A TBS. The spread of ism pa ranee in tha United States, through the tnflwmee of association, hss hetn immense. snd pisinuas still to realise saseb greater good. A brief seminary which wa Sad in sn Albany psper sets tha matter strongly before tbs paWie. There are now moes than I JOG.OOO pen. pie to tbs United Stales wbo abstain (rem the ttse a/ ardent spwto. sad (rem famishing it to Miters mors «a»a S tsvaperanos soeiatiea, embracing more thaa MMOO numbers. Mae* (ban f.OOS dwHIIeriss have been stopped mora than 1,000 merchants have isaaasd from the tntls. It is estimated that MAM ps rases are now sabsr, who. bad it net bean (ar the tempera wee societies, weald have been seta: sad tha*. st least 10400 families are new at aaes and eomfisrt, who weald other wise beve bes* in poverty, and diqpawsd by Iras k«n iasMtss Boeh g**| rssa^s

unable __ tbetr mmieas are estealaxd t| w»s tbs ftisads

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LATEou* IMPORT A ITT from MRXlCfr Seiile Anna without any troop*~~Eltciion cf Anaya ms President—Reopening of

Peac* Nlgati*tim*— Reported arred of Gem- Worth emd Pillow *nd Lieut. Col. Duncan. Fran th* Hem Ortemna ftesfKee, fiibs Dec. 13

The schooner Portia, Cap:. Wakeman, arrived here on Sunday afternoon, having sailed from Vera Cruz on the 1st inst.— We are indebted to ihe courtesy of a gentleman who came passenger on her for a pakage of letters snd papers. The steamer Maria Burt waa to have left Vera Cruz the same day, and the bulk of the mail was placed oo board of her but our faithful correspondent at Vera Cruz took the precaution nf duplicating some of our lef ters by the Portia.

The news by this arrival is very important, and first of all, Ihe story about Santa Anna's being at the head of 18.000 men. and threatening nnd overawing Congress, nnd the despatch of General Worth to Querela ro to protect Congress, turns out to be mere moonshine. A gentleman thoroughly conversant with Mexican affaire, who came paasenger on the Portia, assures us that from the best information he could obtain he is satisfied that in place of being in command of eighteen thous and men, Santa Anna had not eighteen hundred, nor even a hundred and eighty followers.

Gen. Anaya was elected President of Mexico on the 11th inst. He has once before been Provisional President. His present term of office extends only to the 8ih of Januarv next, fie is known to be in favor of pence. In forming his cabinet he continued Mora Villamil in the War department, and made Pena Penn, late the President, his Secretary of State. The whole administration is in favor of an honorable pence, and one of its first acts was lo dispatch a commission to the city of Mexico to re-open negotiations with Mr. Triat. The commissioners were Senors Conto, Artistain and Cuevns and General Rincon, the first two having been on the former commission. Mr. Trisi's powers had been revoked prior to the arrival of the commission, and as General Scott possessed no powers to trout with them, it is presumed ihey were referred to out Government at Washington.

The next most imporinnt intelligence by this arrival ia the reported arrest of Gen. Worth. Gen. Pillow nnd Lt. Colonel Duncnn by Gen. Scott, The report is thnt letters written by these gentlemen, reflecting upon the commnnder-in chief hnve fallen into his possession, upon which he at once arrested them. We have not vet received nny lettors from the city of Mexico later than the 24th of NovemberThey mnke no mention of these arrests, but wn have letters on tho Maria Burt, from the city of Mexico, which we presume will elucidate the whole matter.-

The following letter contains political news of interest and importance,though one sentence is confused and we fear something is omitted. It appears altogether probable that the Mexican Congress hits been dissolved by the withdrawal of the Puros, so that no quorum can be obtained.

A

MEXICO, Nov. 24,1847.

Senor Zullata, who some lime since brought forward a resolution to erect the city of Mexico into an independent State, during the occupation by tho American army, which proposition was rejected by the Congress with scorn, has again made himself the laughing stock of the nation by another proposition, no less than tha the federal compact should be broken, the union destroyed and the cry to be given to the States, "sauve qui peut." The proposition was received with indignation and rejected at once.

The Governors of the States are still in session at Queretaro, and have proposed two questions to the Government, to which they demand clear and peremptory replies. 1st. In what charactcr they hnve been called together, nnd will the Government submit to their decision. 2d, Will the Government mnke known, with clearness nnd frankness, the pro gramme of its policy withjregard to peace or war.

A correspondent of El Monitor says that it wns understood the Government hnd nnswered these questions by stating thnt they had been called together solely for the purpose of throwing light upon ihe subject, that the Gennral Government would be able in some manner io surrender its powers, and that it was more in clined io open or continue negotiations of peace than to prosecute ihe war.

The British'Chnrge d'Affitiras hnd arrived at Queretaro and laken up his lem porary residence in that city.

There is no news as yet as lo the dissolution of Congress in consequence of the withdrawal of the puros, but it appears to be universally believed here that there is rot a quorum left, and it is said ihat President Anaya has written to Gen. Rincon and several other influential per sons, requesting ihem to repair lo Quer taro and ennferjwith them as lo what steps he should take in the present crisis. C,

Here is sn extract from another letter which gives us an account of a sharp sfT air with guerillas, which is very credilablu to out arms:

MEXICO, Nov. 19, 184?

On the 8th inst., thirty-six wagons be longing to merchants in this city snd Pue bla, left the latter place with a lot of tobacco, dry goods and brandy,destined for this city. On reaching San Martin. Gens Rea and Torrejon, in command of the guerrilla forces there, mnde a descent upon the wagons, captured them and star ted ofl* for Queretsro via Tlascaln. In formation was convoyed to Gen. Lene at Puebla. who started aAer them with force of infantry and the cavalry com manded by Capt. Roberts. When they reached Tlascala they found the enemy there and Capt. R., who had been sent to the rear of ih« town, seeing a movement to run ofT the train, charged upon the guerrillas, completely muting them, kill* ing seventeen and taking thirteen officers prisoners.

In the mean time a portion of the wagons which had been taken a mile from tho town by a party of the enemy, were set on fire and six destroyed before the infantry came up. who rescued tho remainder. 1 think this will be a lesson lo tho guerillas, and teach them that the A me rice a* art determined to protect the mercantile iaterest of tkis country, no metttr to what nation the merchants mey belong.

5

feats Anna hae assumed the command of the army in Oajaca. He says that he waa deprived of the eopimanrf

jiy

Pena

.Pena, in order that I|M latter might find no obstacle in making peace witfi tho A* mertcans. He avows his determination to oppose any negotiatiooe for posea with the American forces occupying Mjr portion of the Mexican territory.

Moray Villamil has been nominated Secretary nf War, Torrtel left Queretaro on ibe 14th fur Morelia to take up his quarters there as genersl.

Yesterday a new paper called tho Yankee Doodle mode its sppeoraooe. Yours, dec. C.

Percy M. Doyle, Esq.. the new British Minister or Charge, arrived at Vera Cruz in the steamer Vixen on the 30th ult.

The Arco Iris says that Gen. Pattereon'a divisi left Jalapa on the 25th ult. Before his departure he hung on the 23d, two American teamsters, for having killed

Mexican boy twelve years old. He caused also to be executed, the next day, the two Mexican officers. Garci* and Atcade, (belonging to the 8th and Uth regiments.) who were taken prisonere commanding guerillas, without having been exchanged. The people buried them in great pomp and ceremony, upon which Gen. Patieraon sent for the alcade, who said ihat the funeral had been spontaneous with the people, and that he had not power to prevent it besides he remarked that notwithstanding the great numbers who had attended the ceremony, order had not been disturbed in the slightest manner.

We have been informed that Padre Martin (the second Jarauta) haa been made prisoner while sleeping in one of the garitas of the city of Mexico.

Sener Otero brought forward his proposition in the Mexican Congress for depri ving the Executive of the power to alienate any part of the territory of the Republic by a treaty of peace. The proposition was rejected by a large majority, which is deemed a favorable omen.

E A E

Tho steamship Virginia, Capt. Tucker, has just arrived from Vera Cruz, having left the 7th inst. She brings over eighty discharged and sick soldiers.

There was a report in Vera Cruz on the 7th instant that the Maria Burt had been driven aahore twenty miles north of Vera Cruz. The Free American publish* edit as a fact. Our corrspondent writes during the day that the report had been discovered to be false. The steamer A. R. Hetzell was despatched up the coast to look after the wreck, but after a dili* gent and thorough search found no trace of her. It wns hence presumed at Vera Cruz thai she hnd gone on her course to this city. As she has not arrived here, and aa the Norther which commenced on the 2d inst. was absolutely terrific, very great fears are entertained for the safe'.y of the bont.

From the Free American of the 2d inst. we extract the following FROM JALAPA.-—Letters received yesterday from Jalapa, dated Nov. 28, say that two teamsters were executed on the 23d for the murder of a young Mexican.

On the 24th, Ambrosio Alcalde, a lieutenant in the 11th Regiment, M. A., nnd Antonio Garcia, adjutant in the 8th Reg iment M. A., were both shot in the Plaza at Jalapa. They were taken prisoners on the 20th, Col. Rebolledo, and it wns proved that they had given their parole at the capitulation of Vera Cruz not to take up arms against the United States.

Rebolledo and Coyarrubiaa were sent to Perote on the 24th, The first has also been under parole but he saye he has been exchanged, which he will have to prove.

The train under command of Gen. Patterson left Jalapa on the 25th ult. Six hundred men were left by him to garrison that place. The ayuntamiento were made to recognise the commander of these for ces. governor civil and military.

THE TRAIN—The large train under the command of Gen. Butler has nearly all lelt. The number of men accompany ing it is estimated at 3,000. Gen. Scott will soon have from 25.000 lo30,000 men.

A private letter dated the 7th inst. in forms us thnt six American soldiers arrived that day from Cordova, where they hsd been confined as prisoners. They had been captured on the road to Mexico from different trains. They were released bv Gen. Marin, who was on his way to Vora Cruz to establish himself in busi ness. He has abandoned the Mexican ar my and is desirous of earning an honest livelihood it is said.

MEXICO AND ITS CHURCHES. We extract the following statement from the St. Louis Republican of the 22d insl. It is dated st Mexico on the 17th October.

I have met with snd convened freelf with sev ersl of ths most distingvished clergy in this city, ss to the present snd future condition of Mexico Msny of them partially admit that tha interest ol the Church as well ss their own, would be frsstly enhanced by Mexico becoming a monarchy. But they, ss freely ssserted, that if iteoold not be done1 they were then in favor of the United Stales oc copying snd governing the country as tbs next best meane of preserving the church property from being consumed to eusisin snd carry on the war Or, in event of peace, in being squandered to feed the praetorian cohort of officers, eivit and military that ding like leeches on the body politfe.

The Cathedral, in addition to over two bandied thousand dollars previously contributed, waa com pelted to give up one of its images in order tome bleSanta Anna to fortify tbe eity. This was tsken and dieposed of to the Englieh bankers. Manning and Melateeh for $300,000. The convent of St Doming*, one of the moat extensive, and hereto fore wea|:by institutions of the kind, has been greatly impoverished by the exhorbitant contribu inns extorted from them tor tbe support snd main tenants of the war, and the government together Theprincipel padre, or priest in tbe institution told me. a few dayaago, that this convent stone, had been compelled to advance upwards of $400, 000 and to accomplish it, they had been foresd, in addition to giving up all their reedy money, to dispose ot some of the most valosbte rest estste in the eity. Other retigious institutions have suffer ed in proportion to their wealth, equally aa meeb and to cheek further eneroeebments on their estate, and to guard sgsinst the rspselty of iheir ewn government, ae well as to avoid the result that weald follow the seessss of the Gomes Fa rise party, who are violent in ths opposition te the eJerry.and ia favor ef a eonfieeation of the whole of tbe eharch property te nlimtke government from ita emberrssemente— most of tbe intelligent snd re#eetHtg portion of the priesthood, in theevent «f no foreign prtnee reigning ever them, prefer for theee reasons solely, tbet the United Statee •boaId govern them Do not think this is sn We esnjoetnr*. or the mens ebullition of a disasmpewd fiaftsf It is the rasaii ef ealm invoetigaueo. and wetl authenticated information, drawn from tbe nest reliablesosreee. mw

Cermp&nisnet ef the Bmliimort American. WasauieTOir. Dee. 90,1147. After sll, it tnsy be that Mr. Calhoun ia more than half right in giving a Weed margin to bis re* solutions sgsinst mskiag coaqnest of and annexing Mexico te tbe United Statee. In a brief but Interesting debate, to dey. en the qasstion ef fixing dsy for the consideration ef said rssoiatiens. Mr. Allen asked Mr. Cslheaa in snbstanee, if be was net oppoesd to tbe senqaeet snd nnnexntion of snr portion of Mexico The Sonth Carolinian promptly replied that that was not tbe question. Tie true question was, whether we should conquer Mexico—whether we should absorb that Republic and blot it ont of existence Gov. Cess attempted to make light of sach an idea, and mid nobody thought of ii! But the Governor, and everebody else, well knows that every thing is tending rapidly on to tbe entire abeorption of the Mexican Republic—the whole of it—by the United Statee. It will not be long before the electioneering battle-cry of Lewis Cess himself will be, "Tie mhole pf Mexico* ss it once wae The whole of Oregon," But if. after that, the Governor finde that political capital can be made, by changing ie motto, so aa to take lem than the whole of Mexico, why, he will roar yon as gently for apart aa he did, on tbe Oregon qneetson, for tbe line of 49, after be hod made the hill* and forests ring with tbs ronr for 54 40. A man of won derfnl accommodating political principles is Lewis Cam! lo the Hone, to-day. resolutions were offered ss thick ae blackberries, going to show soase of tbe work which ie to be cnt out for Congrees.

The resolutions whteh created the greatest interset, were thoee offered by Mr. Richardson, of 1 Iti. note justifying tbe origin of the war on our part and declaring that it ought to be carried on with vigor. The previooa question wss moved on them, but Mr. Schenck said the subject waa one which he deeired to debate, and be, therefore, first moved to adjourn, and called for the yeas and nays on the motion, and they were taken. Bnt tbe Houae refusing to adjourn by a close vote, be moved a call of the Houae. On this motion the yeaa and najre were again taken and the call was sus tsined, bat before proceeding further in the buei ness, some one moved to sdjoern, snd the motion was carried. 8o decided tbe Speaker, and the ad journreent took place accordingly,

Mr. Penh's resolutions in favor of internal improvement, created eomestir smong the strict con strnetionists. The resolution of Mr. lssac E. Holmes in fsvor of requiring the States to return to the National Treasury the surplus of $30,000.000 loened to them some years ago, and which has been by all of them squsnderedor paid away. I believe, except by New Hampshire and South Carolina, perhaps, before Congress shall authorise any more loans—also produced considerable sensa* tion. Theee matters will! soon come up for stern discussion, and will go with other subjects, to make the session of Congress a warm, it not a stormy, one. Of one thine, every body seems to be sore, and that is, Mr. Speaker Winthrop is just the dignified, firm snd courteous statesman to preside over the House during so important a time, and to keep good order. Thus far he haa acquitted himself with merked ability, and given, I beieve, very general aatisfsction. There haa been some complaint about the formation of theStsnding Committees, but in the msin, sll, I believe, acknowledge that the laborioua task of framing them, was executed wi:h great skill and judgment*

The news from Alabama is, ihat Dixon H. Lewie haa been re-elected to the United Stalea Senate So he will be with Mr. Calhoun on the war question.

Mr. Kendall of the Picayune, haa gone to New York, but will return here in a week or ao. He says the half hss not yet been told of the exploit* of General Pillow POTOMAC.

THE NI5W CONGRESS.

The New York Tribune remarks that in order to prevent confusion and mistakes growing out of the aimilarity of names smong members of tbe Con grew now assembling it will be well to remember that

There are three Smithe in this Congress, sll in tha House: Trueman Smith ol Ct, Caleb Smith of I nd, and Robert Smith of III—three Browns -. Charles Brown of Pa, Wm Brown of Va. and Albert Brown of Miss—two Dsvises (both Senators) John Davit of Mass.and Jefferson Davis of Miss—five Johnsons: Reventg Johnton of Md, Henry John a on of Louisiana. (Senators James Johnson ol New Hampshire. Andrew Johnson of Tenn, and Robert W Johnson of Arksnsas—six Thompsons: James Thompson of Pn. Robert A Thompson of Va, Jacob Thompson ol Miss, Richard W Thompton of Ind, John Thompton of Kentucky, snd William Thompson of Iowa—two Joneses: John W Jrrnet of Ga. and Geo W Jones of Tenn—two Millers: Sens for Jacob tV Milter o' NJ.aad John Miller of Ohio—two Bntlers.Senator A.P. Butler of S. C. Chetter Butler, ol Pa.—two Holmeses Eliat B. Holmes of onr State and Isaac E, Holmes of S. C.—two Duncans: Daniel Dunemu of Ohio and Gamett D*nr*n of Ky.—-two Adamass John Q. Adamt, of Maasachosetts, and Green Adam*, ot Kentucky.—two Evanses Ale*. Evane, of Maryland and Nathan Eoant of Ohio—two Stuarts: Andrew Stewart. of Penn.. and Charlea F.. Smart, of Mich.—three Clarke Senator John H. Clarke of R. !•. Franklin Clark, of Msinesnd B.L. Clark, of Ky.—two Halts: ffathon K. 7/oH,of N. Y.. and Wittard P. Hall. Mo —two Ingersolls Joteph R. snd Charles J. both of Pa.—two Cobbs: Howell ofG«..and W.R. W of Ala.—two Phelpses 8enstors5. 5

Phelp* of Vt. snd John S Pbelpe of Mo—two Rockwells Jnliu* of Msss., and John A of Ct— two Halss: Senator John F,ol N H, and Artemm of Mass.

Thers are doubtless some other coincidences, but these are all that now occur to us. Tbs names in italics are those of Whigs-

Rrssu, ACSTSM A5D Tst Coirqctttn POLXS Ths Nstionaf informs as that the news it hss received chills tha hesrt with horror. Nobles, denoancsd for having deplored in their own family circles tbe calamities of their country, have been setxed st dssd of night, snd sbdscted to distant fortresses, withoat any one knowing their fate-— Young |irb have been dragged naked from their beds, outraged by drunken soldiers, snd gone and with shame snd fear. Men have been immured, oa eospicion, in damp dungeons for six and seven months, till they have confessed imaginary crimes. Landowners have been attacked on tha high we ye beaten, mstilated, left for dead, and then claimed by the Austrian police to undergo fresh torture.

Human nature shudders st hearing with what cruelty the Russian Government treats the Polish imprisoned patriots. Graegorsewski, who aimed the Crscow manifesto, imprisoned in the eitid«sl of Wsrsaw. became very soon insane. The old Senator, Wieloglowski. could not endure the torture, and died. Tbe bride of the unfortunate Dobryix

was

let out from the jail ol tbe Citidel, but she eooa died- Morsstyn bss broken his skull by beating it against tbe walls of his prison, not being abls to support the torture. Anthony Psprocki. hasten to death, cried oat in his last moment, **I am dying for the most sacred cause of Poland.**

POLK ACAWIT THS WEST.—At the last Presidentislslection the people wero told by tho WMgs thst Mr. Polk, if elected, would oppoee all Weetern improvements. This wss pronounced, by his supporters, to be a "Whig lie." lie was elected,and now he says all such improvements are unconstitutional, and wilt not sign a bill appropriating money to make them. This was too mech for even so rabid a Loco as John I^ttit, and he pounced upon the message containing such doctrine with much deserved seyefity.--J«rfinA $t*te Journal*

USURY LAWS.'

The following table exhibits the ffepnfc rnies of intereet allowed in the severs^ States and Territories in the Union, ami' the punishment inflicted for usury in eaeft Stele:— jtf«jitt—Si* per cent forfeit of fWfl® claim for usury.

Tfne Hampshire— Six per cent forfeit" of Thrice the amount unlawfully taken. Ferment—Six per cent, recovery ip an action, with cosis.

Maesachueette—Slx per cent forfeit of ihrice ihe usury. Rhode Island—Six per cent forfeit off Ihe usury smi iateres: on ttfe delft.

CoiMKrtwuZ—Six per ceat« forfeit of the whole dehr. if "jVev 1 or*—Seven per cent osurmm contracts vo«#.

New Jersejf—Seven per cent forfeit of tho whole debt. Pensvltania—Six per cent forfeit of the whole debt,

Delaware—Six per cent forfcj of tho whole debt. Maryland—Six. end on tobacco contracts eight per cent usurious contract^ void.

Virginia—Six per cent forfeit double*, ihe usury taken.

1

North Carolina—Six p5»r**cenf corftracts for usury void, and forfeit double the usury.

South Carolina—Seven per cent for-5 fei: of interest and premium taken, wiihif costs to debtors. trw.

Georgia—Eight per cent forfeit thrice^ the usury, aad contracts void. Alabama—Eight per cent forfeit of interest and usury.

Mississippi—Six per ccnt on contracts made since 1840 eight on lotrneu money.

Louisiana—Five per cent an frilerest six and conventional as high as 18 beyond thnt. contract void.

TennessccrrSyt per cent usurious .contracts void. Kentucky—Six per cent usury recoverable, with coats. -W

Ohio—Six per cent on written t^ree* ments mey go as high as 10. Indiana—Six per cent a fine of double ihe excess.

Illinois—Six per cent ponnlty, threefold the amount of the whole interest.? Missouri—Six per cent by contract 10 if beyond, forfeit of the interrst and usury taken.

Michigan—Seven per cent forfeit of tho usury taken on one-forth of the debt. Arkansas—Six per cent by agreement 10 usury recoverable, but the contract void.

District of Columbia—Six per ccnt usurious contracts void. /Vortrffl--Kighl per cent forfeit interest and excess, in case of usury

v,,

iriaconsin—Seven per cen' by agreement, not over 12 forfeit, treble iho excess,

isy

iitoi—The^ameasin Wisconsin^ debts nnd judgments, in favor of the United States, interest is computed ,W the rate of six per cent per annun^**«(i

GEN. SCOTT ON PEACE AM 1844. "If War be the natural stBle of snvn-ne tribes Pence is the first wnnt ol ev«ry civilised community. War, no doubt i*»s tinder nny rtrcunrutiinces, prent calnm'-f ity yet suhmisxion to outrage would often ben grenter calamity. Of ihtf'lun parties of any war, one at least mu«i be in tbo wrong—not unfrequentlv botl- AN error in such an issue is, on the pnrts of Chief Magistrates, Minister* of Slnte. nml legislators Imving a voice in the question, a crime of the greatest magnitude. Tim slaving of nn individual by an individunl is, in comparative guilt, but a drop of blood. Hence the highest moral ohlignr# tion to treat national differences with tem«. per, justice, fairness, always to see tliut the cause of war is not only just but sufficient lobe sure that we do not covri our neighbor's lands, "nor anything thnt is his, "that we are as ready lo give lis demand explanation, apology, indemnity in short, we should especially remember, all things whotever yo would that men should do to you. do ye even so unio them." This divine precept of universal obligation, is as applicable to rulers, in their transactions with other nntioos, na to privote individuals in their daily inter* course with each other. Power is in'tmated by 4,the

Author of Peace and Lov­

er of Concord," lo do good and to avoid evil. Such, clearly, is the revealed will of God.

WINFIF.LD SCOTT.

Washington, April 26, 1814. ,, Mans/uld's Life of Scolt, page 357.

VETO OW WESTERN APPROPRIATIONS.

The bill making appropriations for tho improvement of Western rivers ond harbors, passed at the Inst session of Cong reas and sent to the President for his signature just at its close, has been returned by him to ihe present Congress with his objections. And what are these objections? Want of means? No! For embracing works lhal were not clearly of national importance? No! His objection is, that improvement of western rivers and harbors by tbe General Government, is unconstitutional I Now you have it fairly and squarely. The improvement of the harbors of Lake Michigan, and ihe removal of obstructions from tho Ohio riw,Jy the general government—saying nothing about lesser works in which Indiana is interested, Mr. President James K. Polk, under tbe solemnities of his oath of office, and in view of past precedents, in defiance of the wishes of the people and ihe demands of Congress, pronounces unon it on a

Let none of his supporters Tn the present General Assembly, as they did last winter, delude themselves or their constituents with tho fnlse hope, thai if appro* prialions were voted for the improvement of certain specific highways of commerco —two of which we have mentioned above —that the president would have no constitutional scruples in giving them the au. thority of his signature. He has now declared all such appropriations, uncotfgu/uional. —Ind iana Slatet Journal,

Mtzhk

The St. Charles Hotel in New Orleans, which originally cost shout 91,40(1,000, was sold at sheriffs sale, some days ago, for 9200,000. It was bought by the Citizens" Bank, which held a mortgage upon it for a grente! torn than thftt fog Whioh wss soli.