The Wabash Courier, Volume 16, Number 7, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 16 October 1847 — Page 2

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SATURMY,.\\v.v OCT, 16, 1847.

MARYLAND ELECTION.

The Whigs of Maryland have* elected Chapman, Roman. Evans and Orisfletd 10 Congress and the Democrats Ligoo and Me* Laoe. The Whig* have a majority io the Legislature. Thomas (D.) it elected Governor,

sllV

Envy-—Jealocsy.—Mow terrible are the ef. feet* of envy and jealousy upon certain unedu. cated and weak minds How susceptible it renders tbem tojthe flauery of mischief-ma-kers I How it blinds them to any thing praiseworthy in the character of competitora in business! Men of narrow and contracted coulsrhould study to avoid, rather than to encourage, the influence of these passions* Such men are io be pitied, indeed. They utter the most unscrupulous falsehoods, without the slightest compunction, and make a merit of that, from which an honorabla mind would shrink with loathing.

WABASII COURIER EXTRAS.

On all occasion*, as heretofore, of important news, Extras will be promptly struck off at tho Courier office, and may be had by •our subscribers, on calling for the same. It is taxing us too much, to stain to extra* and have it delivered without charge. Non-sub-scribers will be charged emsll foe—nothing more than any reasonable person will be willing to pay for fresh news.

Map

Mexico.—We are Indebted to the

enterprising editors of the St. Louis Repub

lican

for a splendid new map of MEXICO, New Mexico, California, snd Oregon, compiled for Chan»bx* 5t Knapf of the Republican, from the latest authorities. We presume it can bo bad at a small expense by mail— aad will certainly be found useful at the present time to all persons carious as to localities connected with the seat of War io Mexico.

The recent intelligence of events in and about the city of Mexico, it is known, has come through Mexican channels,and is there fore to be taken with much allowance. The Wnihtftgrntt Union, referring to these accounts, sa) a:

We cannr.t believe that anything very senotf* has happened to Worth, or Smt'.h. or Pillow for the letter* which have reached Washington directly from Vera Crui are silent upSon the subject. We knew who are their authors. Wo know that they emanate from officers whose character for truth, «otel ligence *»nd caution is thoroughly established. They lay nothing about the wounds of Worth or ^deaths of the other Generals. And yet, is it be believed that if they reposed any confi'dcnce in these reports, they woold net have 'noticed them On tW contrary, they wsrn against believing the fables of the Vera

Cruz Iris, or the rumors afloat. One of the •fcett informed officers in Vera Croi aeye that '*•66 credence whatever can be given to one ''jft/ hundred of these repot Is." We think. l)*5*foru, we are safe in advising our flrienda every where »g*inst indulging teo mueh anxiety about their friewhHht* the camp.

MfWWiNI

f...

%*aS»»* 4 ,%l

WAlHStfCOlJRIEB.

5V"

The Whige have elected

four

MKHJftKS of Congress—being a gaio of

of the six

IN I A N A E S 1

two

IJoing pretty well under the circumstances. Th» will give the Whig# a majority in Congress, with a further chance oft Whig gaio io Louisiana and Mississippi.

Seat or Wag.—We have reeeived but very little authentic or new ia relation to ilie battle* at the city of Mexico, aioce our last. Scarcely any thiog indeed, of importance aioce our Ex»ra of TWaJajr week, which waa published in last week's paper. There aeeras to have been no arrival at Now Orleaoa since the Jas. L. Day, and of course details of the late battles have not yet transpired. In an* other column will be found an extract from the N. O. Picayune of the 28th ult. On our first page will also be found the correspondence which took place between Gen. Scott and Santa Anna al the close of the Armistice—also substance of the Peace negotiation with the Report of the Mexican commissioners. !t may be that this war with Mexico is only commenced. Certainly the beginning of the end does not now appear. All is uncertain, mysterious, doubtful. There is no Peace yet conquered—nor any particular object of the war as yet accomplished.

We have received the seventeenth annual Circular of «be University

Indiana—and

also a copy of the Baccalaprbat# of Dr. W ylie,President of the University, addressed to the Senior class.

We read this Address with pleasure nod profit, and recommend it to the perusal of all who are fond of the peculiar and forcible style of reasoning for which Dr. Wylie is distinguished.

The expenses at this University are quoted thus The fees in the College Proper are Twelve Dollars a Session in the Law Department, Twenty Dollars a Session and in the Preparatory Department, eight and a half dollars a Session.

Students can board and lodge in private families, at "from 81,25 to 81.50 a week.— Some thirty or forty of the students have formed themselyes into a Boarding Club, occupying the College Boarding House, who are nb!e to poy their cook and furnish their table, at from 50 to 60 cents per week. Several other student* board themselves nt a very small co«t. Washing will cost about two dnllars a Session.

The following fiom a member of Capt. Cochran's Company, and one who resided near Torre Haute, will be found- interesting. The extract is laken from a letter dated Vera Cfoz, Sept. 18, 1847, and directed to a gentleman of VJGP county. The writer gives an account of their first landing and quent movements as follows

pire—in

The coinage of the N. Orleans Jlwt for August was two and qoertei MiHww*

CAMP NEAR VERA Csuz. September 18, 1847. $

Dear Sir: We landed at Brazos Island on the 10th of July, and on the 17th we marched nine milea to the mouth of the Rio Grande, where we encamped for eeveral days to await the arrival of jhti Wl of llw Regiment. We leTt the camp at tho month on the 24th of July, and proceeded up the Rio Grande on board the ateamboat Big Hatchee aa far aa Reynoso, where

landed for a

few days, and then we proceeded up the Rio Grande as fur as Camargo, which is situated on ihe San Juan river, a short distance above the mouth. From thence we marched immediately to the town of Mier. Near this place we encamped, and were drilled for three weeks under the direction of Col. Bolknap. On the 80th of August we received orders from head quarters to march immediately, by land, to the mouth of the Rio Grande and accordingly we marched on the 23d of August for the mouth, where we landed [on the 2d of September.

A train of 180 wagona came down from Camargo with the 4th Indiana Regiment, deatined to Vera Crux as soon as transportation can be had to convey them to that place.

On the 12th of September, the Brigade, under the command of Gen. Joseph Lane, sailed for Veto Cruz, and landed ^at the Castle of San Juan Dc UHoa on the 16th inst.—The Brigade, under the command of General Lane, is ordered to take up the line of march for the city of Mexico to-morrow morning, at sun-rise, to reinforce Gen. Scott, who, it is said, must be reinforced in a few days, or the army under his command must suffer, for provisions aie getting scarce, owing to the difficulty of transportation through to the city.

We expect to have some hard fighting to do on the road, for it is said that large parties of guerrillas are continually harrassing the Americans on their woy through. There has been no train sent out from Vera Cruz to Gen. Scott for some time, which has not been attacked before they got to Corro Gordo or (he National Bridge. We have news from Gen. Scott up to the 11th of September. The Mexicans had not surrendered the city to Gen. Scott.

A few words in regard to this country.— The climate here is very warm during tho Spring and Summer months during the Fall and Winter it is very pleasant. The land is rich, and very dry in Summer, and wet in the Winter or rainy season, (that is,) on the Rio Grande where I have been. The chief productions of the soil on the Rio Grande are corn, cotton, pumpkins, squashes, and watermellons in abundance, and some sweet potatoes.

There is no timber in this country to build houses with, consequently iney are built of stone

sun-burnt brick, with flat roofs made

of stone, and plastered with water proof cement. There is no water to be had here except the Rio Grande which is very warm and muddy, but when settled, it is very good.

Yours, &c. D. C. S.

THE NEWS PROM MEXICO.

An intense anxiety is lelt among all classes of people, to hear further from the seat of war in Mexico. 1 hat Gen* Scott is in great peril, if not cut off entirely—that the force under his command, along the whole line of communication from Vera Ciuz to Mexico, is in great jeopardy, there can be little doubt.— Gen. Scott has a very extended line, and is, himself, in the heart—the capital of the em

the midst of a dense hostile popula

tion, and a hostile army, many times outnumbering his own force. This is well known. The enemy, heretofore vastly inferior to our troops, we have been for months leaching how to fight and conquer. Their struggle at the capital is one for life or death—one to save thoir country from dismemberment, if not annihilation. That men to situated, should fight desperately ought not to surprise soy one. If the enemy knew his power, and was skilled in exercising it, he might destroy, wholly destroy, the small force under GenScott. We do not suppose that when Scott entered the city of Mexico he had more than from six to eight thousand men, while the Mexicans could then rally. If they would, fifty thousand, and yet have a large force to cut off communications along the line to Vera Cruz, and to attack and harrnss, if not defeat any reinforcement advancing Io tho relief of Gen. Scott. The position of things is one of great peril to our troop*. The probability is that the enemy has rallied and re captured Puebla, where but a handful of men were left. Scott can have no force to sparo for its aid, while he retains possession of MexicoHe is even too weak to feel securo of maintaining his own position.

A part of Gen. Lane's brigade of 2,000 men, including the 4th Ohio Regiment under Col. Brough, bad arrived at Vera Cruz, at the latest dates, and were expected to sdvance on the 17th or 18th ult. They will have to fight their way—and, although we think they will succeed, yet '.hey must in all probability suffer severely.

The sending of Scott forward into the heart of Mexico, hundreds of milea from his supplies, with a fores inadequate to his defence, is but one of the series of blunders which have marked the course of the administration in the conduct of the war. We think there is cause for alsrm lest our army be cut off.— All ihnt brave and akillful man can do,Scott, his officers and men will do hut we should not expect impossibilities from them.—Cin. GatetU.

The Washington correspondent of the N. T. Journal of Commerce, after speaking of the failure of the peace negotiations with Mexico, adds—

The financial arrangements snd prospects of the Tree surf will be essentially altered by the present stale of things. It waa only last week that Mr. Walker congratulated himself upon the fact that another loan would not be wanted, 1 we are to pursue the war, merely with a view to puoish the Mexicans for refusing to treat, are shall want a new loan-of fiOf millions. To inflict adequate and certain punishment, according to the plan of the "Union," we must send sn army of fifty-thousand men to ravage and desolate the e+untrj.

ADDITIONAL ITEM8 of EXICAN NEWS.

The New Orleans PieayuneLof the 2d instant, alluding to the *bg|||p oHltws from Vera* Cru|, translates the followirt|kpara. graphs from Mexican papers received |y the James L. Day

Santa Anna's efforts, after nonce hail been gifOI) of (he termination qf the armistice, to prepare fbr the defence of thn capital are represented as having been truly prodigious. It is stated that he purchased from hia private puree all the arms that he could find, and the editor of the Diario in his paper of the lOih adds, that he had seen the day before a recoipt for a very larg« «um of money paid by the general-in-chief. himwslf, for number of muskets, and 64.000 flints, for the army.— "Add this," says the Diario, evidently con« aidering it a triumphant vindication of Santa Anna's fidelity to nia country, 'Mo the treasons of which ho is accused by the notorious D. Ramon Gambo.t."

The Diario of the 10th, speaking or tho dom* onstrations made oy our army on that mirhing, says that at the alarm the troops in the capital marched out to defend the point threatened, with the greatest alacrity, and displayed an ardor that promiied the best results. It was impossible, it is added, to describe the enthusiasm of the people, all shouting "Liberty and Independence,'1 and declaring their intention never to succumb to the ruthless foe.

It will bo remembered that during the negotiations the Mexican commissioners in a communication to Mr. Trist, giving as a reason for their refusal to consent to tho cession of New Mexico, said "Sentiments of honor and delicacy, which the nohle character of your Excellency will know how to appreciate, as well as motives of interest, prevent our Government from consenting to the dismemberment of New Mexico," and it was intimated that Mr. Trist had been acquainted with the specific character of these sentiments and motives. We find them related in the instructions of tho Mexican Secretary of State, on which the ultimatum of tho commissioners was based, and translate them "The Government could not, even with the approbation of Congress, agree to give up New Mexico, whose inhabitants have manifested a wish to make part of the Mexican family, with more enthusiasm than any other portion of the Republic. Theso ivell-deser-ving Mexicans, abandoned to their fate by several administrations frequently without any protection, even against the incursions of the Indians, have been truly patriotic Mexicans because, forgetting their domestic grievances, they have only remembered on this occasion that they are, and wish to be, a part of our family. They exposed and sacrificed themselves to the vengeance of the invaders they havo risen against them, and, though their conspiracies have been frustrated, they still continue to conspire. And can government sell these Mexicans like a flock of sheep? Never. Let on their account the nationality of the Republic be lost. We will perish together."

GEN. WOOL AND MILITARY DISCIPLINE. We hove frequenily referred to the very great success of this gallant and skillful officer in disciplining (lie raw troops under hircommand. and rendering lliem as efficient as regular soldier*. Of course, the severity requisite to produce this discipline is often highly ofteneive to the pride and feelings of our volunteers. But its good effects were so gloriously displayed on Ihe bloody fields of Buena Vista that, we think our so diers under thisenercetic and attentive General, will suppress all complaints in luturc ngninat the etricine^ ol his discipline. We heard a rather amusing and characteristic story, illustrative of the practical mat-ter-of-fact seventy ol Gen. Wool, and of ihe liberal and popular manners and judgment of Old Rough and Ready. The latter, though firm in the enforcement of all essential miliiory regulations, is disposed in Ins relations with the officers and soldiers under him to be courteous, mild and hospit.ible. He seems to lake a delight ol proper times in sinking the commander and soldier, in the gentleman and farmer, and will crnck a joke or debate a point with a brevet second Lieutenant, as pleasantly as if he were conversing villi a neighboring farmer, silting on the fence thai bounds their respective plantations, and all the while whittling fence bark into rough resemblances of steamboats or other craft. Well, to our story. During the time our army was encamped at Agun Nuevn. and was daily expecting ihe advance of the Mexicans. Gen. Wool, who was the chief executive officer of tho nrmy. was so severe and vigilant in enforcing every regulation ol •heservice, that reallv the officers and men had no peace of liieir lives. The slightest departure from military order and duty were detccicd and severely punished by him. It happened one night that some of the officers, who had formed ihemsHves into a musical hand, resolved to relax their minds and please their commanders by the eompliment of a nocturnal sere* nade. Accordingly they proceeded with their musical instruments and noies to the plain tent of old Rough and Ready, and entertained him with several popular airs The old Hero came out to the from of his tent and ihsnked ihe young gentlemen f»r their compliment, and would insist upon iheir welting iheir winsties wiiha taiMe of his old Madcrin or Monongahela. The officers were delighted with their reception, Bnd alter playing "Hnil Columbia" and "Taylor's March," took iheir lesve of the old Goneral and proceed to la. vor General Wool, tho second in command, with a similar compliment. They played for sometime before the General's ieni without having the slightest intimation that ihe General was in hearing. They were noi. however, left long in ignorance of his presence, ler io I heir *erv great alarm and mortification.^ they suddenly fount! themselves surrounded by the Guard, who had received orders fr.wn G»-n. Wool to turn oM snd arrest the violators of the 571st rule of the service against playing musical instruments in camp. After a severe rrpnmoml and short deirntion under arrest, the officers were discharged. We believe that this wss the last serenade in Gen. Wool's camp.—Delta.

CdWMISSION OF Mil. TRIST. JAMES POL*. Prtmltut tj Ihe United Slite* of America, to all thott to tehom Ikttepmenti

daries

fK»

may corns,

greeting Know ye. that, desirious of re-establishing peace, harmony, and good relations between ihe United Stales of America and the Uniied Mexican Suies. and to remove a II grounds of complaint, having espeeinl confidence in the integrity, smdenee, and talents of 8enor Don Nicholas P- Trist. we have named him Commissioner of ihe Uniied States to ihe Mexican Republic, and invested him, in ihe fullest and most wnnplete manner, with ample power sad suilioriiy. in lite name ol the United States, to meet and confer with any person or persons who sha 11 have similar authority from the Republic of Mexico, and between them to negotiate snd conclude an arrangement of the difference* which exist between the two countries-a treatv of pears, amiiv, and Isiting boundaries between the Untied States of America and the Mexican nation—for the definitive Miilement of all reclamations of the ciix?ns and Government of the United State* against the Ooverftment of that nation, aad of all reclamations of that OSvernment and iis einsens arainst the United Slates and in like manner to determine the limits and boun

between the Tni'ed Siaies of America snd the United Stares ot Mexico, and all ether matters end things suitable for nejpniation. and bearing upon the intfrests of both nations, transmitting and delivering said convention, when it shall be wneteded, for ratifieaiion. to the President of the Untied Suits, bjr snd with the advice snd consent ol ihe Senate.

In testimony whereof, this document is seeled with the seal of the United Sisies. .. .. „i Done and execuied under my hand, in the city ot Wsshingion, on this the 15ih day of April, tn thelyear of oor Lord one thoetand eight hundred sndjortyseven. 4nd imbe seventy Bret year of the lodepeod%amot lb, t'eilW 8ul«.

Jiuta

President of the United States.

BoeiuffAjr, Secretory ol State.

One ihouriDd of Colt's Patent Revolving Rifles have been made at Hartford, for the we of the U- S. Mounted Rifle Regiment.— Each rifle if made to hold six churges, which can ell be fired in as many seconds and as they can be batted very quicklv, it Is expected they will prove a terribly effective instrument of war. Gen. Taylor b«» approved them.

JAILS AND POOR-HOUSES OF INDIANA.

ST MISS D. BIX.

NOj VI.

Gr«(|tCo«atyjail,

si ftfcrlon, is a small, one story

log. toildinf, affording two roims. badly vfotilatee and insecurs. Each room has one winoew. the criminal's dungeon is iwetye inches by etipeen, and grated, the wall bsing in thickness ihtltf-one and a half Inehea. The windo* in'tbe other department f* twenty aix by twentf-eight inches wall twelve inches thick. These dungeons can be warmed only by the Introduction of a pan of coals: this method of ameliorating the temperature of any apartments, !'s not deleterious merely, but in the highiwi degree langerous. perilling life as well ss health.

The jails of the four last named counties sre isolated and unenclnaed. They are as yet generally but little used, but this dors not diminish the obligstiens of the eilizens to hsv« them ao constructed fhst tho health of thnre wlm I mm timeio time forfeit iheir liberty, shall not bo impaired, as is almost invariably the result, through long detention, in these and other ttkoprieeae.

The poor of Grant county are SOLD to the lowest bidder or bidders. Five necesettoas persons were so supported the last year-

Thru, dottar$ **d etnU

per week covering all expenses, physician's bills. SLC. One of the individuals above referred to tsetasy- There areseveral insane in the county, the special condition of whom I did not learn, but one I saw abroad in a stale of great excitement, a girl apparently of eighteen or nineieen, who waa coursing up and down through the woods on horseback, shouting and singing vociferously. I learnt that shf had "not been just right for long while i" but oo additions! reliable particulars were stated.

Madison County jail, at Andersontown, is an insecure log-prison,not ventilated and ia isolated and unenclosed. There were no prisoners here the first week in September, 1846.

Madison county poor house, not fardistsnt from Andersontown. cons.sis of log building divided into two rooms. The farm ia valued at 1300, contains about eighiy seres, TEN of which are cleared and cultivated aa the Superintendent informed me. The road conducting to ihe poor house was ao bad, that taking counsel of those already traversed,which by comparison were good. I did not visit this place, but 1 ImJ an interview with the Superintendent. There were here two oftheeounty poor, September 2d, one a man, seventy years of age, subject tofiia through life, the other a woman, also effecied with fits These did not live IN the poor house itself, but with theiamily ol the farmer who had charge of the place. The board of these, he stated to me, wos about f7S per annum the physician receives about tl&, and finds hie own medicines! The whole estimated cost of sustaining those who receive county aid, beside the two above mentioned, about $200.

Hamilton County jail, at Noblesrllte. hss much the same defects as the block-house prisrns in counties already described. It has two rooms, ill-ventilated, SLC. The building is isolated, and is adjscent to the Court House 1 did not enter it.

The farm occupied by the poor in Hamilton county, is in the vicinity of Noblesville when I was there, it had not been purchased of the school commissioners: etuimaied value $1360, and ihe establishment was not considered permanently fixed. The farm contains eighty acres, thirty-five of which are cultivated. The Superintendent receives a salary of t300 and the use of ihe farm—ihe production of which he valued at no more than §35 or $40—and for this he is pledged to take care of seven poor persons' when the number exceeds that, he is to receive additional and proportionate compensation. September 3d, 1 found five inmates, besides ihe family who had charge, viz: one child and three women, two of whom ore insane: an idiot boy who is troublesome, ia boarded by the ateward, with his relations, at the rate of 35 per annum Physician's bills are paid by the county. The apartments occupied by the insane, were apparently mere temporary shanties insufficient alike lor comfort, proleciion and security.

The expense ol sustaining the necessitous poor in Hamilton county, in 1845, ia presented by the Auditor as being $776,21

Gibson Coumy jail, at Princeton, is an unenclosed, two story building, in which the keeper and family reside. There are two rooms for prisons one in the second story about eighteen by twenty, and nine high. There are two windows three feet by five, glazed and strongly barred. The furniture sufficient besides pallet bed and stove. The dungeon is beneath ibis appartment it is badly ventilated, defectively lighted, surrounded by an area, and in all and every respect, unsuited for use -, no prisoner could be kept long in this place without certain loss of health- It is as inconvenient for the keeper as improper lor a criminal. An intelligent jury would probably prevent it summarily a nuisance.

Gibson county poor-house, is on a farm which contains about one hundred acres, and is some miles from Princeton. The "poor master" receives fifty cents per week, for each individual tinder care, and ha* the use of the farm, the rent of which is estimated at about $40. The county clothes the poor, and pays a physician $100 per annum.

I heard of three insane patients not at a public charge,and three idiots also at the poor-house one. The cost of supporting the poor, before the poor-house wns established, was front $6.50 to $7.50 per annum. Inmates at the poor-house more numerous in winter than in summer, as is usual mall like institutions. I was not able personally to visit this poor-house, but trust that the claims of the poor upon the community for occasional visitation and Christian sympathy, are not overlooked. "Blessed is he who remembereth the poor, the Lord shall visit him in lime of trouble."

Orange County jail, at Paoli, is constructed of timber it consists of two apartments, not well ventilated, "may be warmed with charcnal"—n dangerous practice, as is well known through often fatal results

many places. No prisoners at the time of my visit, and but few during any season. I understand that sufficient care was given to those who from time to time were placed under restraint.

In Orange counly, I heard of but few poor supported at public cost several cases of insane and idiotic persons, but the accounts I received of their condition in general were unfavorable.

Martin County jail, at Mt. Pleasant, answers present purposes. The poor in this county, as I wasinformed, well provided lor in general. Several esses cf insanity were mentioned, and much interest expressed in tho establishment of the Hospital now in progress of construction at Indianapolis.

Daviess County jail, at Washington, is a two sinry building, situated partly within an enclosure whieh surrounds the court house. There are two rooms for prisoners—one secure-eight or nine feet by fifteenwindow grated—eighteen inches square ihe ruom may be warmed by a stove. No prisoners the 18th June and rooms not in order for rfceiving thetn. The keeper resides in apart of the jail building.

The poor house is not represented as in a prosperous condition seven or eight inmates, alt of feeble minds part actually insane-

Knox County jail, at Vincennes. embraces the residence of the keeper beneath the same root as the prisonrooms th«,se are all upon tho ground floor: on# window in each,single grated, twenty one by fifteen inches in respectable order, snd detaining one prisoner the 18ih of June. The cells are not exactly thewme size, but the dimensions do not vary essentially from twelve feel square each they sre constructed of limber within the brick wsll. and lined for greater security with sheet iron. The building is brick, two stories, painted. and presents a neat appearance.

Knox county poor-tarm. near Vincennes, contains but about twenty acres. The buildings are small snd not convenient, but I lound the rooms kept very nest, and coald not but remark that the Superintendent was well qualified to conduct the establishment judlcioualy. I found here six inmates one partially two simple, and one young child others infirm. Tl»« county makes ihe limiied appropriations lor the best interests of this insmusion. The injudicious practice of giving ihe chsrgeio the lowest bidder, renders he good management ol the place precarious, and oners hut smsll inducements to competent persons to sssuiae its ceres and responsibilities.

TELEGRAPHIC CHARGES.

As it may be of some intereet to oar uninitisted readers to know aometliing of the rates of charges on the Telegraph line which passes throuth our city from Philadelphia to tjouiswitle, we have at some trooble prepared the following svnopsis of prices. ot«, from an advertissment in tba Pittaburfh Journal ot Saturday:

The first section west from Philadelphia reaches Pittsburgh, snd is under the management

the Atlantis

and Ohio Magnetic Telegraph Company the second section reaches from Pituburgh to I^iuisville. ano is under the msnagement ol the Pittsburgh end Louisville Magnetic Telegraph Company.

Nothing is transmuted by Telegraph under cnargs of *0 cents, for which you are allowed to forwent to lh« nearest point 10 words, snd for sny additional number of words. crnis each are charged to the nearr«i point—the address, date snd signature qomg tree.

From Philadelphia to Lancaster, Hamsburg, Carlisle and Chambetshurg, the charge is as above--#0 ccois tor 10 words, 4* from Pbiledalphia to Bedford 30 cents and to Pittsburgh 40 cents for 10 words.

From Pittsburgh to Wellsville and Wlweling. *0 cents for 10 words to Zanesvill* and Columbus 30 cents to Darion. Cincinnati and I*wrenceburgh 40 cents and to Madison and Louisville 50 cents lor 10

From

one extreme point to another, on either line, the charge ieScente for each additional word alter the first 10 but from either extreme to any intermediate potnt, or tram oae iniermedists point to another, the charge is but cents per word, alter the first 10.

The rrader will now see the charge that is msde for the use ot the Telegraph, by whieh communtcetion is msde.st least nsquick ss thought from one extreme to the other. 11 may well be sstd, now, that things are doti*" ss quick aa lightning ,.

Wears in hopes to So* a redfittftn tfirts hf (he charges before all the printers in the West sre broken down by the enormous expense to which they ore pat bjr its operations WWisf

Argn».

PROM THB *IO GRANDE.

The Ne«r Orleans Picayune of the 2d inst. haa Ufe following: ^0^Bf the arrival of the & S. transport sch* ner Heroine yesterday* Irom Braios sijfeiiago, which place she left oft Ihe 23d oH, w® have the Matamoros Flag of the 8B1 t^|| ^roTn which we obtain ihe following iaielhpfr^ce.

Binco Col. Maya arrived s4ya the Flag, he haa learned that tho portion of bis regiment constituting (he late command of Major Chevaire, and now nt Sulnllo, is dot to join Mm. but remain with Gen. Wool. It is alao intimated that Lieut. Cot. Bell's present comman? two companies, left at§ao Antonio? fill not he withdrawn from*Fe*ns. Ifeo, Col. Hay* will have only five companies of jits regiment, under his immediate command. Mnjor Chev. aire, who it was sapposed liafcl resigned in order to join Col. Hays, as the presumption was that tliero would be more active aerviee on Gen. Scott's linn, it will he perceived, is a passenger on the Heroine.

The whole of Genernl Cusliing's brigade, also ordered to Gen. Scott's line, had arrived from above, and waa encamped at Palo Alio. The brigade waa reported to be in good health. Transports were looked for daily at ihe Bra. zos, and as soon aa they arrived, the brigade would move down and embark.

The battalion of the 3d dragonns, under command of Col? Byttar, of ibis^Siaie, on4 or a

We copy the subjoined paragraph from the Matamoros Flag of the 22d ult: WantoH Murders.—On Monday last two Mexicans were ahot in the public street by a coward!v ruffian named Thomas McLaughlin, of the Texas cavalry. We hnve not heard the full particulars, but it is said to have been a most wanton act, nnd without the alightest provocation. It caused the greatest indignaiion in the regiment to which he was attached, and we are gratified :o hear that they rendered prompt aid in having the murderer arrested. He is now in custody, and we hope that his punishment may be such as the nature of his crime calla for.

The Matamoros Flag publishes a circular issued by the Mexican minister of war nnd marine to the different commanding general?, in which ho announces to them the failure of the peace negotiations and the recommencement of hostilities. The Governor of'Tamnulipas thereupon issued an address to ihe citizens charging them to defend their homes and firesides. It is written in tho usual bom* bastic Mexican style.

The object of these circulars, says the Flog, is evidently intended io sustain the courage of the Mexicans. The latest rumor which has reached us is that the Mexicans, inspirited by the news of Gen. Scott's repulseat the capital,are flying to arms throughout the country and determined to be in at the extermination. Three thousand are reported to be already embodied between here nnd Victoria. Guess there is upwards of considerable exaggeration in ihe report, but mischief may be prevented if the movements of the Mexicans are closely watched about this lime.

Col. Tibbatts, civil nnd military governor of Monterey, has forbid the sale of spirituous liquors and ordered all grog-shops and gambling houses Jo be closed.

GENERAL TAYLOR.

We have received from Dr. Brojmon, the gentleman to whom it was addressed, a copy of the following Letter from Gen. Taylor. with a request for its insertion in ihe Intelligencer—a request which we cheerfully and readily comply with:

Headquarters Army

X.:

rear

Occupation,

Camp near Monterey. August 10, 1847. Sir: Your letter of the I7ih ultimo, requesting of me an exposition of my views on the questions of national policy now nt issue he:ween the political parties of the United States, has duly readied me.

I muBt#tnko occasion tn sav that miny of my letters, addressed to gentlemen in the [Jnited States in answer to similar inquiries, have alreody been made public, and hud greatly hoped that all persons interested had, by this time, obtained from them sufficiently accurato knowledge of my views and desires in relation to this subject, As it appears, however, thqt such is not the case. I deem it proper, in reply to your letter, distincllyto repent that I am not before the People of ihe United States as a candidate for the next Presidency. It is my great desire to return at the close of this war to the dischar/e of thoso professional duties and to theenjovment of those domesticpursuits from which I was called at its commencement, and for which my tastes and education best fit me.

I deem it but due to candor to st^te, at the same time, thai, if I were called to the Presidential Chair by the general voice of the people, without regard to their political differences. I should deem it to be my duty to acept the office. But while I freely avow my attachment to the administrative policy of our early Presidents, 1 desire it be underetood that I cannot submit, even in thus accepting it, to the exaction of any other pledge as to the courte I should pursue, than that of discharging its functions to the best of my ability, and strictly in accordance wiih the requirements of the constitution.

I have thus given you the circumstances under which ooly can I be ioduced to accept the high end responsible office of President of the United States. I need hardly ndd that I cannot in any case permit myself to be brought before the people exclusively by any of the political parties that now so unfortunately divide our country,'aa their candidate for this office.

It affords me great pleasure, in conclusion, fully to concur with you in your high nnd jull estimate of the virtues, both of head and heart, of the distinguished citizens [Messrs. Clay, Wrbstch, Adams, McDorris.and Camioun] mentioned in your letter. I have never yet exercised the privilege of voting but had I been called upon at the last Presidential election to do so, I should most certainly hate cast my vote for Mr. Lloy.

I am. sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Z. TAYLOR.

Major Gtneral U. S. Army-

F. S. Brokson, M. D., Charleston, 3, C,

A French scientific journal states that the ordinary rate, per second, of a man walking, is 4 feet of a good horse in harness. 12 of a reindeer in a stedgonlhe ice, 10 of an English rae« bore, 43 of a hare, 88 of a good tailing abip, 14 of the wind, 84, of sound, 1,038,of a twenty-four pounder ctvsnon ball, 4400 and of the air, which so divided returns into apses 13,000 fsst.

the N. O. Picaytm* of the

28A

vlt.

THE LATIi PfBWS FHOH MLUCO.

^T.akipg it ia all its bearings, we e&nnotbur look upon the last news from Mexico naiUiomost important that ha*, been received Yroiw there since the opening of the war. We fc#ow how severe ycere the battles of Cootronvs and Churobusco. An attentive^ perusal of ooi* Mexican pnpers convinces us that in tho battles thai followed those, and preceded the taking of the pnpital, the Mexicans made eveir a still more'obstinate resistance, and ihat the cily was pr?t"corned until our little army had" suffered a loss unparalleled in on? of the balties of litte war. There is no doubt the Mex* laasa were peepaiing forjsfKHijer eoofltcUius ring 'the wnofe time That negotiations wete pending. On tho d*y tlMAfljiicaii commissioners gave notice that the proposition of our Government for peace was inadmissible, circulars were address to the clergy, exhorting them to endeavor to obtain a popular insurrection, and at-the same time to ihe ma^ gistrate^ of ihe States of Mexico and Puebla,' with the same object. [Jerrera, by whom the circulars Mere signed, as the military commandant of Mexico, tells the peoplo lo arm themselves with any and every description of weapon within their yench, and assures therr\ that a peoplc determined not to be conquered must ultimately overcome their invaders, whom lie enjoins upon ibem to destroy ••by fire and sword."

Meagre as our accounts aro, thov are sufficient to show that the battle at tlie Mill of HI Rev was a hard fought one. Again, ot the 12ih there is reason to believe there wns a general engagement, for the correspondent of the Boletin of Atlisco, writing on that day from the capital, says io a letter, lronsla« tion of which we gave on Sunday last: "At 5 o'clock in tho morning he bells a* woke us by the announcement of an nlrtrto. The batteries of San Antonio A bad and tho corresponding battery of the enemy oponed a fire upon ench oiher. We have seen discharged by the enemy a multitude of bombs, tho greater number of which burst in t-lio air nnd long before they reached our treaphes. At the samo liour a firing commenced Chapultepec, on the right, side of jvhich and in the m'uniains--whence came tho attack r— at a short distance from the enemv are stationed onr forces of catulry and infantry. who ore watching the enetiy. ••Wo opened, at half after six, from tho "gnrita"of Belen, or it mny ho from.lhnt starting from the end of Paseo Nuevn, wliicli is Kiiunted in the angle formed liy ihe causeway leading tn the villages of Piedad nnd Tnoubnvn, But where tho enemy directed all his efforts appears to bo tho "gnrita" of San Antonio Abad. The servant is at the door I must close--ihe alurnvhell slill continues to ring."

The italics are our own, to draw thd'attention of the render io the stntemeot that the enemy wis stationed in force at this point of attnek. Th»»se engngements however, were hut tho prelude of what wns yei Ihe severest task of all—the slorming of tho heights and works of Chapullepec and of the citadel, and from some accounts it woald apppjr, of the ciiv itself.

Many will perhaps be disposed lo ccnsure Gm. Scoil for not following up the victories ofConirera* and Churhusco by assaulting ihe city immediately.however, it is ohvious, was not so easy a task ns the letters from his camp, written after tltose* battles, led us to believe. Those letters left the impression that there wns no impediment to hi* march, or that no resistance "'could he offered unless in iho city itself but ihe fact'fha't ho fought from the morning of tho 8th to ih«j i3'h before he effected an entrance is proof conclusive lhat he hud yet ihe hardest work before him. Besides, in granting no

a is

tice (we any "granting'' becau«e it is certuiii Gen. Scot! wns requested by Santa Annn, through the British Minister, to take the initalive in the matter) ihert was a possibility of negotiating a peace, nnd he hnd presented to him the alternatives of either taking the riiy at once, wiihont the prospect of obtaining a peace, (for ihe Mexican Government and Congress had declared its intention of retiring at once several leagues from the capilal in the event of its being taken.) or to enter into an armistice, by the terms of which neither army wns to be rcinfirced or their fortifications repaired or strengthened. And it may well be supposed Ihnt our troops after (he hardships they had undergone in their march from Chalco unlil they came in front oftheenemy'a main works—a march of threo days over a broken and difficult country—nnd nfter their hnrd fighting on ihe 19th and 20th of Au* gust in taking Conireras and Churuoosco, wanted res', and possibly might not have been in a condition to afmek at once the formida* ble works between ibem and ihe city.

It is not in the great loss our army has suffered atone that this intelligence is important. It shuts out all prospect of a peace. The Mexican commissioners, with Herrera, the pence advocate, at their head, declare that ihe moderate terms proposed by Mr. Trist were entirely inadmissible, nnd their ultimatum was equally so to us. We find that the Governors of several of the States, ot the very moment that negotiations were pending, were issuing addresses io the people inciting them to raise against their invaders. Kven as early as the 23d of August it is announced in the Diario del Gobierno that seventy members of Congress had declared their unwilling* ness to deliberate in tho capital while the army of the enemy was threatening it and they, accordingly retired lo Toluca.

The official journal of the Government, a.fler alluding to the failure of tho negotiations for peace, with Mexico,^akes ihi|annunciation

,... -v.,

We understand it has been determined by ihe Government to make no further overtures of peace on our part. When Mexico wants peace hereafter let her suo for it. We are now in the posiession of her capital, principal cities, ports, and possessions. Large reinforcements are daily moving forward from Vera Cruz, sufficient lo support the gallant column in the present occupation of the capital, Pue'ala, »Stc.,and to open, and keep open, the line of communication between the seaboard and '.ho main army. In addition to, and besidea the regiments now organizing and moving forward from Kentucky. Tennesseo and Indiana, other reinforcements, to the full extent authorised by the law of Congress, fvill 1x5 called out at once, io make certain of tho security of tho army in its present occupation aed operations.

As the continuance of ihe war is forced upon us, it must he waged with vigor. The country cnnoueredimiit be occupied and gov. #rned b* mafrthil law, and its'Ves%cfcs.t|nd revenues rendered tributary in every pratt* cable manner to the support of our occupt• lion and government.