The Wabash Courier, Volume 16, Number 5, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 2 October 1847 — Page 2

WABASH COURIER.)

JFCSIB CON A IK EDIIET. »¥-R-I I,* J. I WILL 1 "I'1

E E A E

THE NEXT PUESiDKNCY.

Taylor lias been supposed to be sufficient to placo him before the public as a caodidate for the Presidency, without any regard to the more formal mode heretofore resorted to, of nomination by National Convention. After much d'seussion on the subject, the almost unanimous opinion of the leading Whig preas over the country, seems to be, thnt there is no other safe mode, but that of a National Convention for the nomination of a Whig candidate. it is the only method by which the real and true Whig sentiment of the country can be fully concentrated and expressed.— Such being the received opinion, now generally «cqule*c«*d in, the metier may be considered as settled in reference to the candidate for the next Presidency to be supported by the Whigs. We have no doubt but a

Whig National Convention will be held. We have full confidence that such a Convention will put a true Whig, and the right man in nomination. And we shall be prepared to support that man, be he whom he may, to the utmost of our nbihty. We say, be be whom be may, because there is, in our opinion, a greater certainty of not being misled through the source of such nomination, than any other. And that, after all, it is not the man, we support, but our genuine principles, which we cxpect carried out, and aided,

through the man.

PEACE TREATY.—But little has transpired since our last, in reference to the negotiations for Pe«ce, or any movements of the Army.— The "La Patria'' of New Orleans, 15th inst., publishes what purports to be a letter from the city of Mexico, bearing dale August 29th. received at Tampico, September 5th, through special express via Huejutla, and forwarded thence by its correspondent, by the schooner Chnrran, which reached New Orleons on the Hill. The substance of this letter, in connexion with that of other information received verbally, is stated by "Ln Patria," as fol

lows Our fellow-citizens, will learn with the highest satisfaction, that, conirarjr to the predidions made here, PEACE wti.L POSITIVELY BE TOE RESULT of the present negotiation* between the Mexican Government and Mr. Trist. We learn that the utmost harmony prevails between the h'«h functionaries deputed by Santa Anna and hi« cabinet to listen to the proposals of our Government through the commissioner ai Geo Scott's headquarters.

The outlines of a treaty of peace are raid to have been drown and agreed to by the agents of the contending parties, oi which the two most important are the following 1st. the United Sta'es shnll restore to .Mexico the Californias 2d. The United States shall forever keep Texas, whose bonnHnries shall be extended to tho Rio Grsnd. or Rio del Norte, including Matamoras, which shall be brought in the United States territory, by means of a canal to be constructed forthwith."

Our correspondent has been assured that the above are facts, which certainly prove an unusual magnanimity on the part of the United States, who thereby consents to abandon her conquests without scarcely a visible indemnity—conquests which cost her so much blood and treasure."

The Union proclaims that no despatches from Gen. Scott havo been received, and adds •'We do not positively know the grounds, upon which ho acted—tho motives by which he was actuated—the results which he expected to accomplish. lie had no instructions to grant an armistico, or, we ought rather to say, lo suspend hostilities—until a treaty of p'ace had been ratified. Passing over this question, however, for the present— reluctont to censure a General who deserves tho thanks of the country for his brilliant achievoments—unwilling even lo prejudge a question about which wo are not sufficiently informed, wo wait for further information,

and for official developments. Yet we may be permitted to repeat, that it would be most unfortunate if Mr. Trist should permit the negotiation to be spun out beyond the shortest possible time. We may add, it is to be reregretted that as long a period aa forty.eight hours after the negotiation had terminated has been allowed for the resumption of hostiI

hies."

THE mcinT WAY TO DO IT. The Harlaem Railway Company have determined to extend their line to Dover, 29 miles north of its present terminus, and lo fin

ish it by the 1st of July next. The estimated cost of the right of way was $25.000.— The farmer* of Duchess county hate made a gift of Ike right of way, nearly the iohole dis tance, and hat#, moreover, raited 9150,000 and loaned it to ike Company to aid the can• slruction We repeat that thia is the right way to do it. L*t the farmers between Terre Haute and Greencastle—between Green* castle and Danville—between Danville and Indianapolis follow the example of the farmers of Duchess county, and we will aoon have a Rail Road to Indianapolis.

M. & I. RAIL ROAD,—Great arrangements were being made for the celebration of the completion of thie road, on Friday the 1st of October, at Indianapolis, Tbe day to be

ushered in with firing of cannon. Pa seen ge re to go on the reed for one day, at one third price—Canrvon to be fired on approach of the ears—Gfi*. Wbitcemb to deliver an Address—'Exb«hhion of fire-works—Citixena to illuminate, &c.

Ksar OxtSAXt.—There were 21 deaths from yellow fever, on the )0th. New Orleans papers of tbe 17th contain no later news from the Army.

SATURDAY..\\V.\V OCT. 2, 1847. 3J, accooipani-d by Lt. Col. Abbott. Gen. IC. it concentrating hit brigade, aa the sever* al detachments come down, at El Sabinito. near Palo AHo. Deas's battery, which was to have accompanied Gen. Cuthing, ban been ordered to remain with Geo. Wool, at the ox*

For some month# past, the question of the next Presidency hat been a good deal agitated through Whig papers, public meetings, and other soarces, expressive of public sentiment over the country. The popularity of Geo.j Pr^* °^1

FKOM THE AMY OF GBN* TAYLOR.—From the latest dates we learn that Brig. Gen. Hop* 1 piBg died at Mier on the 1st of September.

Gen. Line's brigade was at the moatfc of '1

the river, expecting to embark about the 8th. Geo. Gushing arrived at Matamort* on the

atler

Despatches have passed through Matamoras, for Gen. Marshall, at Monterey, to pro* ceed to Vera Cruz without delay.

The Flag aaya that Col. Tibbatts, who was proceeding from Mier to Monterey with six companies of the 10th infantry, escorting a train, waa attacked by a large parly of Mexicans near Ramos, and succeeded in driving them off with a loss cf two wounded. Col. Tibbatts and his men were under fire for tome time, and conducted themseivea with g«eat intrepidity.

The mutiny in the Notth Carolina regiment has heen effectually quelled. A number of the officers of the regiment signed a petition to the Colonel to resign, which he very properly refused to listen to, but laid it before Gens. Cushing and Wool. It was considered by the commanding general that ihera was a participation in the munity, and two of the signers were dishonorably discharged from the service. As soon aa this was known, 17 officers tendered their resignations, but, after 24 hours, thought better of it, and begged leave to withdraw, expressing all due

contrition,and leave was granted. The three regiments have all been separated: the North Carolina ordered to the rear and tho Virginia to the front. The soldier who was wounded by Col. Paine at the time he shot at the mutineers, was a Virginian, and has been dishonorably discharged from the service.

The vote, says the South Bend Register, at the recent Congressional election in this State is 10.903 larger than at the preceding one in 1845, but 3,299 less than the Presidential voto in 1844—the Whigs having fallen off since then 334, and the Locos 2,905.— The Abolition vote is also diminished, but from its never having been officially published, we cannot tell exactly how much. The

Whig vole is 8,942 larger than it was for Congress two years since.

Col. Fremont has demanded of the Secre

tary of War a copy of all the charges and specifications against him, whether official or unofficial, and calls for an immediate trial.— He asks for the widest range in the testimony upon his trial.

SILAS WRIGHT AND THE PRESIDENCY.—The correspondent of the Baltimore Sun, under date of "Washington, August 30," writes aa follows: "The death of the Hon. SILAS WRIGHT is still absorbing every other topic of conversation, even to the exclusion of the war with Mexico, Every one deplores his loss, and many a sincere letter of condolence was today despatched from the city to his disconsolate widow. 1 had to-day the good fortune to read a fow passages from what was probably the last political letter, written by :he great departed only a few davs before his death, to an intimate friend, touching no less a subject than the next Presidency. As that letter is now a part of history, it will not be deemed indiscreet in me to state that in it he plainly and emphatically declined being a candidate, but warned his friends to beware how they sacrificed principles to expediency. He preferred his party to be honestly beaten, to triumphing by stratagem, or by o:her means than by an open and fair avowal of its creed."

THE WILMOT PROVISO-—As almost daily allusions are made to this celebrated proviso, we copy it for the benefit of those who are only acquainted with it by name:— ••Provided, That there shall be neiihor Slavery nor involuntary servitude in any territory on the Continent of America, which shall hereafter be acquired by or annexed to the United States, by virtue of this appropriation, or in any other manner whatsoever, except fer crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Provided always, That any person escaping into that territory, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the United State*, such person may be lawfully reclaimed, and earned oat ofj such territory to tbe person claiming his or her service*."

INDIANA.—The Cincinnati Chronicle, in an article on the physical aspect of tbit State, •ays—Indiana is greatly misnamed it should have been called the STATB OF WABASH. This is an original name, like Ohio, but it has a claim on other ground*, which is almost inevitable. The Wabaah river, in proportion to its value, irrigates more land than almost any other stream which can be found. The Wabaah and its tributaries, water nearly two thirds of all the counties of lodiana Of eighty-eicht counties in this State, no less than FIFTT-Ftvi are watered by tbe Wabaah river)

SHOCKING SUICIDE.— Last night directly after dark, Mrs. PARMIUA R. WE LOON, consort of Dr. S. J. Wehkxi of Covington, waa found dead in a stable, suspended from a joist by a short rope round the neck. For some months ahe had been afflicted with dis* ease exhibiting a strange aberration of mind, aoiMtiiaea totally crated and requiring close watching I eat she should pel suicidal threat* into execution. Life had been extinct but a faw moments, when tbe body was found as above by her husband—People's Friend.

mined to-destroy il. So be look come match*

A Viar SMAIT MAN.—A Mr. Simaions of. ting to about 1000, have purchased two entire Taghltanie, N. 1-, found sltrge hornet |OWaahips in Marion county.—They bring aeat under tbe eaves of hi* bar a. aod deter* |hejr

MA NT A ANNA—WHAT UAH BBENipE*. Mr. Polk, in his annual message of Dee. 7, 1840, said "When orders were iasiuH to the commander of our naval fortes in the Oulf, on the 15th day of May last, only two days ifter the existence of the war bad been recognised by Congress, to place the coast of Mexico under blockade, he tea* directed not to obstruct the passage of Santa Anna to Mexico, should kt return. It 'emains to be seen whether his return may not yet prove favorable to a pacific adjustment of existing difficulties"

Santa Anna being thus passed into Mexico by President Polk, to **aid and comfort" the •"poor, miserable Mexicans," let us enquire what we have seen, of the things the President told Congress remained Wo be seen fn

At the battle of Monterey, in 8ep»mber, 1840, we have seen five hundred American soldiers left on the field, killed and wounded

At the battle of Buena Vista, in February, 1847, where Santa Anna commanded, we have seen seven hundred American sol£i&ri ieft on the field, killed and wounded

At the battle ofCerro Gordo, where Santa Anna also commanded, we have seen six hun dred American soldiers left on the field, killed an II I

At the battle of Churubusco, where Santa Anna with Valencia commanded, we have seen one thousand and seventeen American soldiers left on the field, killed and wounded!!f!

We haveseen tho lost of these twenty eight hundred and seventeen American soldiers, with a host of others, killed and wounded by this "aid and comfort" to the enemy, and still "it remains to be seen," as much as it did when President Polk sent in his message last December, whether Snnta Anna's return, by Mr. Polk's agency, "may not prove favorable to a pacific adjustment of existing difficulties." And "it remains to be seen," also, how much longer he may continue the war, organize new armies and give us battle? and how matt more American soldiers he may kill t— Cincinnati Gazette.

The London Times speculates, with some appearance of complacency, on the prospect of a dismemberment of the Union, as the re* suit of the acquisition of territory from Mexico and the question likely to arise as to the disposal of it. That journal says: "It is notorious that the United States can receivo no considerable accession of territory without the agitation of a question which may involve the most momentous results. A large and powerful portion of the Union is resolved that slavery, if it cannot be abolished in the States where it is at present legalized, shall at least never bo introduced into any newly annexed province and the energy displaj ed in such matters on our own shores may lead to a pretty safe inference as to the obstinacy with which this not unreasonable point may be insisted on abroad. On the other hand, it is alleged and declared with equal violence, that slave labor will be more than ever indispensable in bringing under cultivation, a prolific but unencumbered soil, promising abundant returns, but demanding extraordinary outlays of capital and labor.— Tbe best informed prophets of this dispute are unable !o nntiripate its decision, but it has been very palpablv hinted, that the eventful disruption of the Union, and the formation of two separate and hostile powers on the North American continent, may be the consequence of so inveterate a dissension."

Whether the wi.«h was "father to the thought," in this case, we need care to inquire. Believed, or hoped for—in eithe# aspect, the disruption of this Union is not likely to fulfil the predictions, or gratify the wishes of any who look with distrust upon its permanence, or with jealousy at its growing greatness.—Bait. Amer. I.

MEXICAN LOVE LETTERS. Mr. Kendall, in ono of his last letters from Mexico, gives the following rather amusing intelligence: "A Mexican mail was captured by a mrty of our dragoons on the 22d inst., on itsjway from the city of Morelii. It contained aimultitude of letters dated on the 21st, the dity af* ter the great buttles, and they give vivid nnd at tho same time most doleful accounts ofjtheir terrible and utter defeat. Some of tho writers lay the blame on Snnta Anna alone,iome on Valencia, some on Santa Anna and Valencia, some on Smtn Anna, Valencia!and all the officers, while others say that Snnta Anna, Valencia, nnd all the officer* ana soldiers are utierly worthless. The latter writers are more comprehensive and probibly nearer tho mark. Many of the letters ar« exceedingly rich. Onfl loving husband writes to his wife, whom he calls "angel," and "idol," and his "adored Chulita," ond tells her not to occasion herself any uneasiness about his safety, as he does not intend to expose himself! Another officer comes out even plainer he tells his beloved Rosa that he thought of her when the balls were flying, and run The capture of these letter* is valuable in more ways than one—they give much information in regard to the plans and strength of the enemy, and freely and frankly acknowledge that they have been defeated and utterly disorganized. The number of Santa Anna's grand army is put down at from 30 to 35.000, and nearly all of them took a part in the battle* of the 20th."

AN INCIDENT NEAH MEXICO—A correspondent of the N. O. Delta, writing from one of

the villages near the city of Mexico, relates the following incident: "As the troop* had arrived at thia place, all the former Texan prisoner* who were present, assembled just below the National Palace, on a fine paved road, made by the labor of their hands, while they remained in this enootry. On the side of the road stood a beautiful monument, with the following in•cription 'Erected to the memory of Gen. Santa Anna, in consideration of hia having constructed this road by the labor of tbe prisoner* of Texas.' It waa not long after the assemblage of the crowd, until down came the monument, and not satisfied with tearing it down, they broke the stone into small piece*. and scattered them to the four winds."

I GSOWTH OF THE WEST.—Tbe Iowa senti{nel aay* that a colony of Hollanders, amoun-

ova

mechanics and artizan* with them,

(haveselected

es, tied them to a pole, set fire to the neat aod 3,000 more are expected to join them by next actually destroyed it—bot on fortunately, his tpring.-TW, are the right kind of eroi6„,... ... ilM iwIrojid! lo...

the site for a town. About

FltOM MEXICO.

The Union contains the following extract from a letter from Tacubayaof the22d Au* gust. The iffcetof the Armistice, is as much the subjpct of speculation near Mexico, aa in the PniMd State*: "VVe took altogether 2*500 prisoner*, 8 generals. 37 piece* of cannon, ammunition enough for a whole campaign, and complete' ly disorganised their army. The following day, (2Ut.) on taking our position nearer the city, we were met by some propositions from Santa Anna, which the General declined, ex* cept fto far aa to say that if undisturbed he would not attack. That night we had formal propositions for an armistice, commissioners were appointed and an armiatice entered into for the purpose of allowing commissioners to meet Mr. Trist for the purpose of treating of peace. What the result will be I du not know. I have but little confidence in them. is reaaonable to suppose that Sunta Anna wishes peace, but whether he will bo able lo accomplixh it I know not. There are various rumor* of pronunciamentos, factions, dec. It is said that Bustamente and Paredea have formed on one side Valencia and Almonte on the other, die. I fear there is more work for the bayonet. After each of the battlea, when the troops saw the complete success of General Scott's plans, he was recoived with the most vociferous cheers throughout the whole army. The shouts must have reached Mexico. Even the captive Mexican officers seemed cheered in their distress, to witness their enthusiasm. The army have the greatest confidence in him, and justly. They know his care for them. They know his worth. He weighs his plans well, calculates the cost of every measure, and attempts noth' ing without a reasonable prospect of success. I hope our government will not think the war at an end, and stop our reinforcements. Now is the time to urge them on, and show that the country is noionly ours, but thnt we will hold it until our demands are acceded to. It is this temporizing policy which has protracted the war. The march of General Scott with his little army upon the capital has been the boldest move in modern warfare. It is ascertained that the Mexican army was thir. ty-two thousand strong. Twenty-seven thousand men, from their own account, met us on the 20th. They are in the midst of their resources we are a great distance from ours."

HOUSE'S RECORDING TELEGRAPH. Through the kindness of Mr. O'Reily and Professor House wo have had the pleasure of seeing this wondorful machine. The one now here in one of the rooms of the College Buildings, is being put in order by professor H., and has, as yet, only been operated for experiments. Witb it and one stationed at Pittsburgh, the invention has been tested, for the first lime on a line of any such length, and found to transmit without difficulty a distance of 370 miles. The machine which was at Pittsburgh is now on its way to Louisville, and this mode of telegraphing will be used, in connection with Morse's, on the line between that city nnd Cincinnati.

The great practical difference betweenMr. Morse's and House's mode of telegraphing is thnt the former uses anew alphabet of dots and lines, all of which are made by a single steel point, while the latter prints distinct Roman letters.—Only the initiated can read the former, while the latter is legible to all who can read at all. In addition to this, it has two other safe-guards of accuracy: 1. While the operator i9( to instance, silting at the machine here communicating to Louisville, a printed slip issues from the machine directly before him, which is exactly the same as the one that issues at the same time from the machine at Louisville.—2. A letter index is before him, upon which a pointer indicates every letter as il is printed.

The appearance of the machine is something like a piano. It has keys labelled with the letters of the alphabet, by touching which the printing is done. Upon the top of the box is a small horizontal steel wheel, upon the edge of which every letter is cut. Around a perpendicular cylinder standing near the wheel, passes a narrow ribbon saturated with ink, and between it and the wheel passes also narrow slip of paper upon touching a key, M, for instane, the little wheel revolves quick as though until is presented to tho cylinder, which at the same instant strikes laterally, driving the paper and ribbon against the letter, and thus the impression is made.

While we were there Professor H. kindly printed our name. &c.,of which the following is very nearlv a fac simile: MR—CALLENDER-- OF—CINCINNATI —ATLAS—

Cincinnati Atlas.

It is impossible to withhold from Gen. Scott the highest approbation for the manner in which he has discharged the duties committed to him. He has shown in a pre-eminent degree every requisite of a true soldier, and what we most admire is the respect he has shown for the lives of his own soldiers and for those of the enemy, when in his own power. Every movement he has made has been crowned with success, because his plans were well laid, and the end seen from the beginning. His wisdom in battle, and well laid plains out of battle, have saved an immense number of lives, anu fighting the foe at such immense odds, and upon their own soil, in the face of their homes, any mistake would have been fatal, and at once overwhelmed him and his brave army with defeat. The battle just fought we regard as well fought as that of Baena Vista, which hitherto was the most splendid achievement of the campaign. Scott and Taylor and Taylor and Scott alike have ahown themselves unrivalled in their fitness to commsnd an invading army,--Pittsburgh Gaulte,

THE ENGLISH CLAIMS ON MEXICO.—The English paper* last received from Europe I say* the Washington correspondent of the Baltimore Sun) speculate already on the fate of the British creditors, in view of a par. tiai annexation of Mexico to the American Union. They plainly intimate, that in such a case, they expect the United States to assume a portion of tbe Mexican debt, corresponding to the extent of territory annexed giving us at the same time to understand, that they would have no particular objection to such an arrangement.

Tbe British creditor* of Mexico are altogether wrong in their supposition*.-For the last two centuries no new territory was received by any State of Europe without assuming a portion of it* debt, or the debt of the State to whieh it formerly belonged, the exact proposition being generally regulated by tret*

JNbflgr"

A NEW YORK MfSER.

The N. Y. Express relates, the history of an old miser of that city, whose business is that of ^a paper scsvenger, at which he *tgfkr dily labors fVom early dawn ttll night s-

He never goes home to dinner, bat, when hungry, generally purchase# dry crust of bread, and etts it sitting on the lower steps of the Custom House, or City Mall. Nevtr-does he utter a word to a livingsoul? ltnd when the stranger looks upon him, he feel* di^oe^d to exclaim—"what a poor miserable \emg!'' He ia, indeed, a pitiable object to look upon, for his leather clothes are glossy and hard with the accumulatod filth of many years, and bis countenance—it is furrowed all over with deep wrinkles, whieh no ono could be* lieve were ever moistened by a tear. He is a hard visaged man—repulsive', and men terrible to look upon. Fifteen years have we known this singular being, a*d "even then he was so old, he seems no older now." There are people in this great city who have been familiar with his form for upwards of 20 years, and they affirm that he has been a paper scavenger all that time. At all times, when the winds of winter howl through the streets, and also, when the dog star re'gns, does he pursue his laborious and degra employment.

And now we have introduced our hero to the reader, il is mcei thnt we should mention what we know of his actual condition. He is a mj«er—a narrow minded and mean mi ser, who can count his dollars by tens of thousanda. If the reader doubts our word, let him, when next he meets the miserable man in the public highway, ask him the time of day, and lie will he promptly answered on the authority of a superb gold watch, hidden in his filthy vestment*. A dry crust of bread and a cast off bone constitute his daily food, and yet this man carries the deeds in his pocket, which prove him to be the proprietor of at least five handsome dwelling houses, located in a fashionable part of the city certificates of bank stock and other valuable papers are aUo hidden in his pockets. He is a widower, but the father of an only daughter, whom he has furnished over a superbly furnished house, as the sole mistress and only tenant. She has all the needs in the way of household things, ana every luxury of the eeason, and though her servants may prepare a sumptuous feast, no^ie participates with her in its enjoyment. Though it would add to her happioess on such occasions to call in a neighboring friend, yet the privilege of giving an invitation is denied by her father, in the most positive anu imperative manner. In the rear of his daughter's dwelling, is located the ricketty shell of a cabin, resembling more the appea ranee of a sty than a human habitation, and this is the only dwelling place of our miser. And now he spends the precious hours of his leisure life, counting his gold and examining the signaiures of his deeds by the light which rests upon his oaken table, and seldom is extinguished until after the hour of midnight and when exhausted with his strange vigils, carefully does he fasten, with heavy iron bolts, the door of hi? den, and sirik to sleep upon his bed of rags.

EDITING A NEWSPAPER.

The National Intelligencer, in speaking of the manner in which Editors hive to worb. to render their paper a popular one. says, after staling the duties of the writing Editor: "But what is the labor, the toil of such a roan, who displays his'leaded matter' ever so largely, to that imposed on the judicious, wellinformed editor who exercises his vocation with hourly consciousness of its responsibilities and its duties, and devotes himself to the conduct of his paper with the same cure and assiduity, that a sensible lawyer bestows upon a suit, or a humane physician upon patient, without regard to show or display! Indeed the mere writing part of editing a paper is but a small portion of the work. The care, the time employed in selecting, is far more important—and the fact of a good editor is better shown by his selections than any thing else and that we all know is hnIf the battle. But, as we have said, an Editor ought to be estimated, and his labors understood and appreciated, by the general coduct of his paper, its tone, its temper, its uniform consistent course, its principles, its aim, its manliness, its dignity, its prosperity. To preserve those, as they should be preserved is enough to occupy fully the lime and attention of any man. If to this be added the general supervision of the newspaper establishment, which most Editors have to encounter, the wonder is, how they can find lime or room to 'write at.'

WHAT IS THE REASON 7

If democracy has not become a by-word and a reproach to the land, how is it that Indiana, with a Whig Legislature, nnd with a Whig majority in the popular votf», will have in the next Congress only/our Whig members, while our opponents, with a minority in the Legislature, and a minority in the popular vote, retain six.

How is it that Tennessee, with a Whig Legislature, a Whig Governor, and a Whig popular vote, will be represented in the same Congress by a Democratic delegation

How is il in Mississippi, where, with a Whig vote of twenty thousand, the districts are so arranged as to effectually close the door of Congress against a representative from that party

And thus we might go on, ad infinitum over the whole ground, and show that Democracy had been perverted from its original aig* nification, and made to subserve the sinister purpose* of demagogues, by stealthily encroaching upon the rights of the people and robbing them of their •overeignly,—Indiana State Journal.

A FACT FOR NATURALISTS.—The Norfolk News states that a toad which had been buried under a reversed flower pot, three fee: beneath the surface of the ground, by Mr Samuel Clark, on the 14th of June, 1846, was, by the **me gentleman, disinterred on the 14th ult.—No sooner was the little animal taken up, than he gave evident proofs that to be "burried alive" did not, to him, necessarily invotve cessation of existence for he instantly commenced skipping about, many of his bounds extending to the height of six inches into the air! His month was closed up with a white skin, but his eyes were a* sparkling as when on that day twelvemonth, he was pot below the ground.

POLICE LITERATURE.—A man was returned on the record of the night watch in Baltimore for "a bussing hi* wife." He had doubtless been abusing her. Another was accused of "attempting no be at hia" intended that he had threatened tofeaf her.

~^r

t8,:e-

EUROPEAN ITEMS—BY HIE BRITiNNIA« The Liverpool Times of the 4th in»t.'pays: The fall in the price of wl-eut, from its bjghest point in May, is now not less than shillings per quarter. Such a violent revuly *fon of prices has spread commercial ruin far and wide. At pr«*e»t its effect is limited to the corn trade. We wish thnt the losses inrsJ eurred could be confined to that branch of the* business alone.^But no fewer than fifty* three insolvent petitioners, and 24 bankruptcies, were announced in last Iridaya. Ga*

The house of A. Roux, of Paris, had failed for 100,000/. It was ccnnccted with tiie trade to Valparaiso.

The return of Gen. Armstrong.'"our Consul at Liverpool, is Ln connection with the Po^t Office arrangement between the United Slates and Gi"eat Britain. He will go back, by tho 1st October steamer. -'it.

The vintage is so abundant in the growing districts of France, that much of wjue cannot be preserved, as it is impossib to procure a sufficient number of casks to contain if. .Advices fWm St. Petersburg announce tho failure of Mr. H. Birihlingth. This person had been engaged in shipping grain to Europe, and his suspension is attributable to his draughts having been returned upon him.

From the Liverpool J/ai7, Srpt- 4.

THE CR«PS.—The accounts received from all qurtrlers respecting the crops arc the mast cheering, and the harvest prospects beenmo daily brighter still. In England nnd Scot* land the produce is likely to be unusually n. bundant. !n Ireland, although in a few localitiesand in a modified form, the potato disease has undoubtedly reappeared, yet thero is in the whole not only no ground for gloom apprehensions such as those by uhich, with loo much reason, we were agitated at this time last year, but there is every evidence of bountiful supply for man and beast, that supply moreover, being—to an extent which, alhough slill far below what is desirable, is yet great beyond precedent—of grain, rather than lhat of the comparatively precarious root which has so long formed almost exclusively ihe sustenance of the hulk of tho Irish people. From the continent of Europe we have equally gratifying announcements of fertility.

The London correspondent of the New York Courier, under date of 3.1 September, says:

Every one seems to be in ecstncies with .ne harvest, and each as lie comes to town thinks lhat he cannot *peak too highly of the bounties of nature. The gi«nerul belief is, '.hat we shall have mort? than an average crop, and this. too. in spite of the potato blight, which has ag.iin made its appearance in some districts in Ireland.

Nevertheless, allowing all the full grnneries expected, I think there will he a fair demand, at remunerating prices, for Indian corn and corn men| because it is admitted that the quantity of land planted wi:h potatoes is very small when compared with former years, and it the commutation is correct, thai it requires three times the qumtity of land lo be sown in wheat, lo raise the snme support for man, as would suffice if sown as heretofore in potatoes it follows, that no matter how bountiful the harvest may be, there must be a largo demand for some clieap kind of food to fill up the void caused by the failing off in the pro. duction of ihe potato.

TIIE GREAT WEST.

A fact is gin ted in the Report drawn up by the delegation from St. Louis to the lale River and Harbor Convention at Chicago, which is suggestive of a few thoughts respecting the immense tract of country designated us "the Great West." It is mentioned with a view of showing the comparative neglect of the Government townrds the Western waters, and is this: From 1824 to 1840 there was appropriated and expended for light houses, beacons, piers and harbours.on the sea const, tho sum of nearly $13,000,000, while tho whole aggregate applied to improvements in the Western rivers hos not exceeded $2,526,* 800.

It must be remembered, however, that in 1824 the great West was not what it is now the last twenty or twenty five years have witnessed extraordinary developemonts in thnt region. With i's vasl system of rivers, giving an aggregate of from ten to fifteen thousand miles of navigation with its rich resources and unfailing fertility with its in creasing population, active, enterprising and indefatigable, the great West, extending itself up tho waters of the Missouri, nnd along 'he boundless prairies of the Arkansas and the Platte, must continue, from year to year, to ndd to ihe enormous mass of its products, and raise higher ond higher ihe swelling tide its commerce through all its multitudinous channels.

If the West has been hitherto overlooked or neglected it need not fear a long persistence, on the part of the Government, in such neglect. Its own growing strength will not only command attention to i:s wants, but will also compel acquiescence in its demands— and that, too, in spite of Presidential Vetoes* and without regard to the specific characteristics of "inland seas."

But there is nothing alnrming in the prospect of the approaching ascendency of the Great West—meaning by that term the Mis* sissippi Valley. The former phrase will soon be inapplicable, in fact for that portion of the Union which is now called the West must, by and bye, become the central region of the Republic. In its extent, in its interests, it is national. Its controlling power, therefore, in shaping the policy of the country, and in shaping the policy of the country, and in giving force to its opinions, tdeos and sentiments, must, in due time, harmonize all parts with itself and impart consistency and definitent'ss to the national character beyond what it has yet acquired.—Baltimore American.

The aggregate amount of tolls collected on all the New York State Canals, from the commencement of navigation to the 32- August, inclusive, (123 days,) is 82,215.303 31. During the same period in 1840, (138 days,) #15,077,78,00. Increase, 8707,525 31.

In his fifth letter. Mr. Owen declares himself opposed lo ihe Missouri Compromise and to the introduction of slavery into any of the Mexican Provinces that may be ceded to us in a treaty of pcace»

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ft is computed that the actual liabilities of the firms slopped payment exceeds five mil* lions sterling and taking into consideration*, the Urge amount of losses incurred by those numerous stable and wealthy houses whichf have stood their ground, the total amount o£ losses nvist be enormous.

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