The Wabash Courier, Volume 11, Number 15, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 17 December 1842 — Page 2

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tfRESJDKfm^ MESSAGE WAV!

TIB, 1812..

TO 7TS£ BE SATE AW/T0U8M Or RMPWt7V

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"We bare contmned reason to express twr profound gratitude to the great Creator of «U things for numberless benefits conferred upon IDUI People. Blessed with genial seasons, the husbimdmsQ baa hi* gamers filled wilh abundance, and the necessaries of life, not to aneak of "it# luiuriee, abound in every directionu While ta some other nations steady

tXf «wl indttslTtaua labor can hanlly find the means of subeUlenee, the great ertl which ure have to encounter, is a surplus pf proXV" daction beyond the home demand, which '«?»•. geeks, and with difficulty finds, a ^partial market in other regions. The Ileal th of the country, with partial exceptions. has for thp pest year been well preserved and trader their free and wise institutions the United

States arc rapidly advancing towards the consummation of the high destiny which an overrulinK Providence seems to have marked out for them. Exempt from domestic convulsion, and at peace with the world, we are left free to consult as to the best means of securing and advancing the happiness of the lYople. Such are the circumstanccs under .which you now assemble in Your respective chambers, and which should lead us to unite 'in praise and thanksgiving to that great Being who made us, and prcserres us a Natioc

I congratulate yorr, fellow-ritizcns, on the "happy change in the aspect of our foreign afJairs, since my last annual message. Cause* of complaint at that time existed between the

Gnited States and Great Britain, which, at- .. tended by irritating circumstances, threatened most seriously the public peace. The dif-

Acuity of adjusting amicably the questions at issue between the two countries, was in no small degree augmented by the lapse of time since they bad their origin. Tho*opinions entertained by the Executive, ou several of the leading topics in dispute, were frankly set forth in the Message at the opening of your late session. Tne appointment of a Special Minister by Great Britain to the United Stales, with power to negotiate upon most of the points of difference, indicated a desire on her part amicably to adjust them, and that miuister was met by the Executive in the same spirit which had dictated his mission. The Treaty consequent thereon, having been duly ratifled by the two Gov* crnments, a copv, together with the correspondence which accompanicd it, is, herewith, communicated. I trust that whilst you may see in it nothing objectiouable, it may b« the mean of preserving, for an indefinite period, the amlcablc relations happily existing between the two Governments. The

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uestlon of peace or war between the United Great Britain, is a question of the deepest interest, not only to themselves, but to the civilized world, since it is scarcely possible that a war could exist between them without endangering the peacc of Christendom. The immediate effect^ of the Treaty upon ourselves will be felt in the security afforded to mercantile enterprise, which, no longer apprehensive of interruption, adventures its speculations in the most distant sea and, freighted with the diversified productions of every land, returns to bless our own. There is nothing in the Treaty which, in the "lightest degree, compromiIs the honor or dignity of either Nation. Next to the settlement of the boundary line, which must always be a matter of difficulty between States as between individuals, the question which seemed to threaten the greatest embartatsment, wai that wnncctcd with the African slave trade.

By the 19th article of the TrcAff ot Gliertt it was expressly declared that "whereas the 'traffic in slaves is irreconcilable with the principles Of humanity and justice and whereas both His Mriesty and the United States are desirous of continuing their efforts to promote its entire abolition, it is hereby agreed that both the contracting par-

ties snail use their best endeavors to accomplish so desirable an object." In the enforce ment of the laws and treaty stipulations

of Groat Btitain, a practice had threatened to grow up on the part of its cruisers of subjecting to visitation ships sailing under the American flug, which, while it seriously involved our maritime rights, would suty'ect to vexation a branch of our Irado which was daily increasing, and which required the fostering care of the government. Andaltho' Lord Aberdeen, in his correspondence with 1 the American Envoys at London, expressly disclaimed oil right to detain an American ship on tho high seas, even if found with a cargo of slaves on board, and restricted the British pretensions to a mere claim to

Yisit and enquire, ret it could not well be discerned by the Executive of the United States bow such visit and enquiry could be made without detention on the voyage, and consequent interruption to the trade, it was regarded as the right of search, presented only in anew form, and expressed in ditftrcnt words and 1 therefore felt it to be my duty distinctly to declare, in my annual message to Congress, tlmt no such concession could be made, and that the United States had both the will and the ability to enforce their own laws, and to protect their flag from being used for purposes wholly forbidden by those 5 laws, and obnoxious to the moral censure of the world. Taking the Message as his let* ter of instructions, our then Miuister at Paris felt himself required to assume the same ground in a remonstrance which he felt it to be his duty to present to M. Guixot, and through him to the King of the French, against what is called the Quintuple Treaty and his conduct, in this respect, meets with the approval of this Government. Inclose conformity wilh these views, the eighth atticle of the Treaty was framed, which provides that each nation shall keep afloat in the African sfias, a force not less than eighty irate and apart, under instructive Governments, and their respective laws and obligations." Prom this it will be seen ihit the ground assumed, in the Message has been fully maintained, at the same time that the stipulations of the Treaty of Ghent are to be carried on in good faith by ihe two countries, and that all pretence is*removed for interfaience with our commerce for way purpose whatever bv a foreign government, while, 1 therefore* the United States have been standiog up for the freedom of the sees, they have not thought proper to make that a pretext for avoiding a fulfilment of their treaty stipulations, or a ground for giving countenance *o a trade reprobated by oar laws. A similar arrangement by the other greet Powers could not fail to sweep from the ocean the slave tnade, without the interpolation of any hew principle into die maritime code. We be permitted to hone that the example .t was set will be followed by some, if not alt thero^ ^\Ye thereby also afford suitable motwttor to the fair trader in iboee seas, 1 fulfilling ai the same time the dictates 4BK a aoond policy, and complying with the humanity. additional cause foc congmtu auon, if ihe Treaty could have embraced all subject* calculated in future to

chums of ju&tica ud It would have

a miiuuderstaodins between the two Gorera tn sot*. The territory of the United States commonly called the Oregon Teritorr, Mtm on the Pfcciftc ocean. north of the 43,1 deyrea «f Ulilude, to a portioo of which Greet Eritsia ley* claim, begins to attract the atieetkn of MI fi»Uow«itiaMM» tod the tide of U", popolatioa which bas reclaimed what mi

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contiguous regions, is preparing to flow over those vast districts which stretch from the Bocky moon tains to the Pacific ocean. In advance of the acquirement af individual lights to these lands, sound pHky dictates that every effort should be resorted to by the*, two Governments) to settle theff'respective claims. l| became manifest atn early hour of the late negotiation*, that anyattempt, fo*f the time l^ing, astjsfiwtorily .fii determine, those rights, wmildieea to a protracted discussion, which might embrace in lis failure other more pressing matters, and the Executive did not regard it as proper to waive all the advantages of an honorable adjustment of other difficnlties of great magnitude and importance, because this, not so immediately pressing, stood in the way. Although the-" difficulty referred to may not for several years to come involve the peace of the two

mercial importance to the two countries oe overlooked and I have good reason to believe that it will comport with the policy oft England, as it does that of the United States, to seize upon this moment, when most of the causes of irritation have passed away, to cement the peace and unity of the two countries by wisely removing all grounds of probable future collision.

With the other powers of Europe our relations continue on the most amicable footing. Treaties now existing With them should be rigidly observed, and every opportunity, compatible with the inter-' ests of the United States, should be seized upon to enlarge the basis of commercial intercourse. Peacc with all the world is the true foundation of our policy, which can only be rendered permanent by the' practice of equal and impartial justice to ail. Our great desire should be to enter only into that rival-'' ry which looks to the general good, in the cultiva*^ uon of the sciences, the enlargement of the field for the exercise of the mechanical arts, and the spread, of commerce—that great civilizer—to every land' and sea. Carefully abstaining from interference in all questions exclusively referring themselves to the* political interests of Europe, we may be permitted to hope an equal exemption from the interference of European Governmenta, in what relates to the Stales of the American Continent

Oil tho 23d of April last, the commissioners on' the part of the United States, under the ennven-" tion with tho Mexican Republic, of the 11th of April, 1839, made to the proper department a final, report in relation to the proceedings of the commission. From this it appears that, the total amount awarded to the claimants by the commissioners and the umpire appointed under that convention, waa two millions twenty-six thousand and seventy-nina dollars and sixty-eight cents. The arbiter having considered that his functions were required by ihe' convention to terminate at the same time with those of the commissioners, returned to the board undecided for want of time, claims which had been allowed by the American Commissioners, to the., amount of nine hundred and twenty-eight thou- 7 sand six hundred and twenty dollars and eighty-^ eight cents. Other claims, in which the amount^

sought to be recovered was three millions thrcet hundred and thirty-six thousand eight hundred'-^ and thirty-seven dollars and five cents, were submitted to the board too late for its consideration. •, The Minister of the United States at Mexico, ha* been duly authorized to make demand for the paymerit of the awards according to the terms of the convention, and the provisions of the act of Con* r* gress of the 12th of June, 1840. He has aluo?" Iteen instructed to communicate to that tiovern-f merit the expectations of the Government of the United States in relation to those claims which were not disposed of according to the provisionsof the convention, and all others of citizens of the United States against the Mexican Government.

He has also been furnished with other irutru(l' fine*, to, be followed by him in case the Govern^ ment of Mexico should not find itself in a condi-

The citizens of the United States who accompanied tho late Texian expedition to Santa Fe, and who wero wrongfully taken and held as prisoners of war in Mexico, have all been liberated,

A correspondence has taken place between the Department of State and the Mexican Minister of Foreign Affairs, upon the complaint of Mexico that citizens of the United States were permitted tcgive aid to the inhabitants of Texas in the war existing between her and that Republic. Copies of thiscorres|Kndencc are herewith communicated to Congress, together with copies of letters on the samc^* subjcct, addressed to the Diplomatic corps at Mexi-jJ^ co, by tho American Minister and tho Mexictin Seeretary of State.

Mexico has thought proper to reciprocate the mission of the United States to that Government I by accrediting to this a Minister of the same rank as that of the representative of tho United States in Mexico. From the circumstanccs connected with •his mission, favorable results are anticipated from it. It is so obviously for the interest of both countries, as neighbors and friends, that all just causes 6f mutual dissatisfaction should be removed, thai it i* lobe hoped neither tvill omit or delay the employ ment of any practicable and honorable means to accomplish that end. c# N ^i|

The ailairs pending lctwccn this Government and several others of tne States of this hemisphere,1 formerly under the dominion of Spain, have again,' within thepast year, been materially obstructed by the military revolutions and conflicts in those countries. f'

The ratifications of the treaty between the UUH te1 States and the Republic of Ecuador, of the 13th *. of Jo le, 1839, have been exchanged, and that instrument has been duly promulgated on the part of this Government. Copies are now communicated to Congress with view to enable that body to make such changes in live laws applicable to out intercourse with that Republic, as may bo deemed requisite.

Providian has boon made by the Government of Chili for the payment of the claim on account of the illegal detention of the brig Warrior at Coquimho, in 1820. This Government has reason to expert that other claims of our citizens against Chili will be hastened to a final and satisfactory closc.

The Empire of Biazil bas not been altogether cxempt fioin those convulsions which so con*tant!y* afflict the nciffhboring republics. Disturbancta which recently broke out, are, however, now undcrstood to be quieted. But these occurence* by threatening the stability of the Government, or by causing incesaent or violent changes in them, or Ui the persons who administer them, tend greatly to retard provisiooa fore just indemnity for lessee and injuries suffered by individual auljects or citi*cns of oher States. The Government of the U. Statea wilt fed it to bo its duty, however, to cooscat to no delay, not unavoidable, in making satisfaction for wrongs and injurie« sustained by its own' citisens. Many years having, in same cases, elaspedi a decisive ei&clual course of proceeding will be demanded of the respective governments,against whom dsims have been preferred.

tion to make present payment of the amount of thrf^l i! houses, and might, withotu advancing tho duty, awards, itt sneewur Its equivalent. 'f Mgf re-ship \Vithins$rne reasonable period to foretell 1 an. happy to be able to say that in ruinating por.s. A forth* ifect of the „mea«ttre «odd be happy to be able to say which is esteemed favorable, both to a just fuction of the awards, and a reasonable ptovWiOn fur other claims, has been recently received from Mr. Thompson, the Minister of the United States, who has promptly and efficiently executed the instruction* of his Oovnr time tit, in regard to this important subject

The vexatious, harassing and expensive war which long prevailed with the Indian tribes in-' habiting the penieaula of Florid, has happily been terminated whereby our army baa ben reheveii Prom a service of the most disagreeable character* and the Treaaury Irani a burse expenditure. Some casual ouUeeaka nay occur, soch as are mddent* ta the dese pmximity of bonier settlevv and lbs Iodun«ibut these, as in aM other eaaca, may bekft t« the care of the local authorities, sided when ooc*-. sten mav require,t)- the ftecesof ihe United States. A sufficient number of troops will he maintained in FluiAk hag as the wmuitesl ^ppirehenaieaa of danger shall exist, yet (heir duties will beSatiied raiher to the garraooing of the nccsysty posU tHau to the maintenance of actual hostthtie*. It hf tehs hoped that a tewHoty, so long retareded in is* growth, will now speedily tecoeer from the eineidset to protracted star, exhibiting the mctettwd amennt of its *idk productions, true evidences of returning weahh and JWperity. By of rigM Ijustiofi* towards the eumerous tHfcctresii&^ witirin oar territorial limits, aod the exertHeefa instil stgaeoee eter their aMReafes,1 protmag thorn acaiaat fraud end mtnmoa, tmd at It turn (fans naiag eve«7 proper nepdiat to a.

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trodoce among them the art* of civilised HKt, W9 may fondly hope not only to wean them frow their love of war, but to inspire them for a love of peaca and atl its avocation*. With aeveia^of the tribea great progrcaa in civiiixinff theiQ has ^The schoolmaster and the mil by jMk^fnd the remn*nU ui jrroM and powcrful vi£ braiders up of.a ptm.

Ma so ium ua% the States, Trust Fonda and Indemnities,} $230,483 68. The receipts into thf Trees®? daring the three first quarters «f the prnstnf y**»V from all sourcrs, amount to $26,6 ji 6,593 79^ which more than fourteen millions woe tW™* fcxo cosUms, and about one millioo from fftiUic hoJg, Tbe receipts for the fourth quarter are kimated at ifteirty e^ht rtiRions ot W'S&E *or Millions are cxprcted from Cwfcmwi and thi** o*"lionsand a half from Loans mod Treasury »®t«.

quarter amount

eight millions^and it ia anticipated vheTe wig. he a deficiency of half a million on the 1st of January next—but that the amount of oulstasdi&g warrants (estimated at $800,000) will leave ah actual ballance of $224,000 in the Treasury. Amsag the expenditures of the year, are more than eigfit millions of the public debt, and $600,000 on account of the distribution to the States of the proceeds of •alesof public lands. His

The present tariff of duties was sotuewhatjbast*-. ly and hurriedly passed near the close of Re late session of Congress. That it should, have 8eiM« can, therefore, be surprising to no on%. To iwed^ such defects as may be found to cxjlt hi many of its numerous provinoos, will not fail to cham your serious attention. It may well merit enquiry, whether the exaction of all duties to cash does toot call for the reduction of a system which has proved highly beneficial in countries where has been adopted. I refer to the Warehousing syatersf. The first and most prominent effect which is would produce would be to protect the market alike againat redundant or deficient supplies of foreign fabrics—both of which, in the long run, are mju? rioua as well to the manufacturer as tecme i^port|, er. The quantity of goods in store being-*#! all times readily known, it would enable the importer, with an approach to accuracy, to ascertain tbesetu» al wants of the market, to aegulate himself accordingly. If, however, he should fall into ertor, by importing an excess above the public wants? he could readily correct its evils by availing lgluiaslf of the benefits and advantages of the system thus established. In the storehouse the goods imported would await the demands of the market, ana their ismes would be governed by the fixed principles of demand and supply. Thus an appt^ximption would be made to a Bteadiness and uniformity of price, which, if attainable, would conduce to the decided advantage of mercantile aad methodical operations.

The apprehension may be mill entertained that without something to ameliorate the ftgor of cosh

Cands

aymenis, the entire import ireoe may fall into the of a few wealthy capitali»tsin this cotmtfy, and in Europe. The small importer, whe requires ail the money he can raise for investments abroad, and who can but ill afford ta pay the lowest duty, would have to subduct in advance a portion of his funds in order to pay the duties, and would lose the'interest upon the amount thus paid for all the time the goods might remain unsold which might absorb his profiis. The rich capitalist abroad, as well as at home, would thus possess, after ashott time, an almost exclusive monopoly of ilie impart trade, and laws designed for the benefit oran, would thus operalo for the benefit of thetfWi—a result holly uncongenial with the spirit of our institutions, and anti-republican in its tendencies. Tlie-WSrehoiising System would enable the importer ib watch the market, and to selMJt bie o' tiidfefor offering his goods for sole. A profmi portidh of the csrrvitJgrade in articles entered tlwJbenefii of drawback, mustalso.be most sorionsfy- affected, without the adoption ofsome ejrpeto relieve the cash system. The, Warehousing System would afford that relief, since the earner would have a safe recourse to the public store

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to supresedstfths'system of drawbncKe, thereby effectually protecting the Government against.fraud, as the ri^bt of debenture would not attach to goods af'er their withdrawal from the

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In revving the fxisiing t«ri you deem it proper to do so at your present session. 'I can only repent the suggestions and recommends

lions which, upon severs (occasions, I have hereto* fore felt it to be my duty to offer to Congress. The great, primary und controlling interest or «he American People is union—union not only In the mere forms of government, forms which may be broken—but union founded in tin attachment of States end individuals for each other. This union in sentiment and feeling can only be preserved by the adoption ol that course ef policy which, neither giving exclusive benefits to some, nor imposing unnecessary burdens upon others, shall consult the interests of all, by pursuing a conrse of moderation, mid thereby seeking to harmonize public opinion, and causing the Peeple every where to feel aad to know that the Government is careful of the interests ail alike Nor is there any snhj[ect in regard to which moderation, connected with a wise discrimination, is more neccessarv than in the imposition of duties on imports Whether reference be had to revenue, the primary object in thf.imposition ol taxes, or vo tho incidents which new*6arily flow from their imposition, this is entirely true. Extravagant duties defeat their end and objeet, and only by exciting in the public mind an hostility to the manufacturing interests, but by inducing A system of smuggling on an extensive scale, and the practice of every msom of fraud 'upon the revenue, which ihe utmost vigitanseof Government cannot effciually suppress. An opposite course of policy wouMbe" ariended by re* suite esseutially drift-rents of which every interrst of society, and none more than those of ihe manufacturer, would reap important advantages..

Among tlie most striking Of tts-benefils would b* that derived frotn the general acquiescence of?the country in its support, and the consequent permanency and stability which would be given to all the operations of industry. It cannot be too often repeated, that no system of legislation can be wise which is fluctuating.and uncertain. No interm can thrive under it. The prudent capitalist will uevrr adventure his capital iu manufacluring establishments, or in any other leading pursuit of life, if there exiM« a stale bf uncertainty as to whether the Government will repeal to-mowew what ii has enacted to-dnf Fitful prefita, how* ever high, ii threatened with a ruinous reduction by a vacillating policy on ihe pari of Government, .will scarcely tempt him to Trust the money which be has acquired bv a life of labor, upon tlie wicsrlain adventure 1, therefore, iu the spirit of cr«ciliation, and influenced by no other desire than td rescue the great interesteof the eountry from the vortex of political contention, and in the discharge of the hign and solemn doties ol the place which I now occupy, recommend moderate duties impnt4d with a wiae discrimination Ss to their esveral eh* ts, aa being not only nx«t likely to be duratdg», geons to everr intertst of s»cietiiSoeretary of the Wer Depart-

irat most advsma, The report of ment exhibits very full nd it

and aaliafactory account est

of the various and important tn terrain coin mitt to the charge ef that officer. It is eartknlartr eratifying to find that the espeoditurrs for the mil* itary service arc greatly reduced in amount—thst a strict system of economy bas been iotndnced it|-: to the serrfee, and the atfows »f pest jears greatly reformed. The fwtifieaiwns on our msritwe frontier have been piteecuted with much vigor, and at many points cur fences are in a vi ry congidewMeawteefferwarfn** Tlw suggeatioua ia reference to the establishment of means of coo»» mumcaiton with our tcmlortee on the Pacrfie, sn# 10 the surveys, so neential »o a hnowledg* of the naomote of tbeiotermediate«^irv,sre«»!.led »e the man iavotable cmsideration. White I would pmpoe.* nothing inconaaisnt with friendly a tiaitons to settle the esKAt of oar da«m« tn region, yet a prtdent fbreta* points eat the a wi* of such meaanrea as may enable B« to saw. rain our rights. The srraogettienis made for iwe* tervicg our neutral relatiooa em the bowdary betweeausand Tesaa.and Impng in«heck the InikStoihaiquamr, will he ummM eatoog as circamstaxoes may requhe.

Mf5SedSU3SndiBwS^ia^ tohslEfeof

ih- mineral leads hrfd»W«be ftwernment wsev. eml of «he States. T^ Gov^«eot MO00rH8t-. ed the landlord, end ihe otweoa of theSmtsa rtwtt. Ikito1/m •«»•. Tb.Wtolion man seneiae one, end #ssaw ftemocn meee randacive of the pMo .etetvet Oate sale of the latxkahoohfbe «nde than tbat tWy dMmid remain in iheis present condition. Tne aopplr of the ore weald he more atmndattllf and cemiRty lorniahed when to W drawn frsm the •odThe indu«ry ef the proptietor, than eodtt the

'^TWmowwmcndetiee ef the Seaeaiy in f«*ard 'ts the improveeioni of the wwejn ««, awj cariMa ytominsai herbora oet" 1 doulH not will receive. Tfce grrat importancs of il pcri»y of the extensive region rafetiei ta, esiifte

ibe w«eteM «im, ana og the take*, ment, and I yoim st rwi sttsmieo. I hcasadliyMatetlMprM- 4

nI iii# dsnurrotia

kiw. alone, because of tlie dangeroua iu the river, make a lend demand upon the adoption of sufficien measures

^uTuflha jltut luty nf the U^vy will" ,Tcqu«inted wish lhat lmnprtBm brancft ^cdrfeocis Couiioerinaihealr«idy increasing commsece of tbeeountr»,a »to hqaiileinrood olimexte^^

irticular attention. Whhiever Ifada to efficiency, without entailing «nnece*sary

charges'upon theTressury.ia well worthy of our SfeSi coneideraiion. It will be seen ihat w1»»lo en appropriation exceeding by lesa than a million fbe" appropriation of the present year, ia askeo ojr the SMretary, yet that in this sum is P"pp«ed_ to be included *00,000. for thepurchaae of clothi-jir, jtriudft wbeu oneoi espenden. ^nanihuraMl bv the sale of,i«ie '!clotheBi grid .willthus institute a perpetual fund, Without any new ^apnropriation to the same object. To this may aladd?d #M OOO. aSked to cover the arrearage*" ef nasi years, and #250,000 in order to maintain a competent squadron on that coast of Africa,all of yphtcb, When deducted, will redtme the expenditures nearly within the limitsof those or the current year, while, however, the expenditures will thus remain very nearly the same as of the ante*odent year, it is proposed to add greatly to the ottprations of the Marine, and iu lieu ol oaly 85 ships iU commission, snd but little in the wsy or building, Co keep, wilh the some ty.one vessels a|»t, Mid to build twelve ships of

T'st^T&iNMn ^f'aceotantahiliti ia estsblWied, and greet pains are taken to insure industry, nqeu-

it end economy, in every department of duty. Experiments have been instituted to test the quality of various materials, particularly copper, iron ana coal, so as to prevent fraud and imposition.

It will appear by the report of the Postmaster General that the great point which, for several yeats, has been so mnch desired, has „",n2 current year, been folly accomplished. The ex-, penditures of the Department^ for the current year, nave been brought within its income without lessening iis general usefulness. 1 here has been an increase of revenue equal to #166,000 for the year J642 over that of 1841, without, as it is believed, any addition having been made to the number of le',le«s and newspapers transmitted through tne mails. The Post Office laws have been honestly administered, and fidelity has been observed in ac-

received you to the report. I flatter myself that'the exhibition thus made of tlie condition of the public administration will serve to convince you that every proper attention has been paid to the interests ol the country by those who nave been called to the hwidsof ihe different Departments. The reduction in the annual expenditures of the Government, already accomplished, furnishes a sure evidence that economy in the application of the public moneys is regarded as a paramount duty.

At peace with all ihe world—the personal liberty of the citizens sacredly maintained, and his fights secured under political institutions deriving olT their authority from the direct sanction of tne people—with a Hoil fertile almost bevond example and a country blessed with every diversity of climate and production, what remains to be done in order to advance the happiness and prosperity of such a peoplt I Under ordinary circumstanccs this inquiry couW readily be answered* The besi thai probably could be done for a people inhabiting such country, would be to fortify theirpeaceana security in the prosecution of their various pursuits, by guarding them Against invasion from without, and violence from wjthin. The re^, for the greater part, might be left to their own energy and enterprise. Tlie chief embarrassments which at the moment exhibit themselves, have risen from overaction and the most difficult task which remains to be accomplished, is that of correcting end overcoming itseffedB. Between the years 1S33 and J838, -additions were made to bank capital and bank issues, in the form of notes designed for circulation, to an extent enormously great. The question seemed to be, not how the beat currency Could be provided, but in what manner the greatest amount of bank paper could be put in circulation. Thus a vast amount of what was called money—since, for the time being, itanswered the purpose of money—was thrown upon the country an over-issue which Was attended, as a necessary consequence, by an extravagant increase of the prices of all article* of property, the spread of a speculative mania all over the country, and has finally ended in a general indebtedness on the part of States and individuals, the prostration of public snd private credit, a depreciation in the market value of real and personal estate, and (ias left large districts offcountry almost entirely'without any circulating medium. In view of the fact that, in 1830, the whole bonk note circulation within the United Slates amounted to but $61,333,898, according to- the Treasury statements, and that an addition had been made thereto of the enormous sum hf #88,000,000 in seven years, (the circulation on the first January, 1837, being staled at $149,185,890,) aided bv iKegreat facilitiesafforded in obtaining loans Irom European capitalists, who were seized with the same speculative mania which prevailed in the United States—and the large importations of fund# from abroad, the result of stock sales and loans—no one can be surprised at the apparent but unsubstontial state of prosperity which every where prevailed over the!

but unsubstontial state of prosperity prevailed over lhelond snd while little cause of surprise should be felt at the present prostration of every thing, and tho ruin which has befallen so many of our fellow-citizens in the sudden withdrawal from circulation of so largs an amount ol bank issues, since 1837—exceeding, as is believed, the amount added to the paper currency for a similar period antecedent to 1837, it ceases to be a matter of astonishment that such extensive shipwreck should have been made of private fortunes, or that difficulties should exist iu meeting, their engagements on the part of the debtor States. Apart from which, il there be taken into account the immense losses sustained in the dishonor of numerous bonks, it is less a matter of surprise that insolvency should have visited many of our fellow-citizens, than that so tnany should have escaped the blighting influences of the times.

In the solemn conviction of these truths, and with an ardent desire to meet the pressing necessities of the country, I felt it to be my duty to cause to be submitted to you, ot the commencement of your late stasion, the plan of sn Exchequer, the which, in purity and vigor, was 10 oe exercisea oy the Hep-

whole power and duty of maintaining purity and vigor, was to be exercised bj resemaiivesof thePeopleand the States and therefore, virtually by the people themselves. It was proposed to place it under ihe control and direction of a Treasury Board, to consist of three Commissioners, whoae duty it should be tosee that the law of iu creation was faithfully executed, and that the great end of supplying a paper medium of exchange at all timet convertible into gold and silver, should he attained. The Board thus constituted, was given ss much permanency as could be imparted to it, without endangering the proper share of responaibilitv which ahould attach to all poblic agents. In order to insure all the advantages of a well matured experience, the Commissioners were to hold their offices for the respective periods of two, four, and nx years, therebr securing st all times ih the management Of the Exchequer, the services of two men of eiperience. and to plate them ia a condition to exercise perfect independence of mind and action, it was provided that their removal ahould only take place for actual incapacity or infidelity to 0e trust, and to be followed by the President wilh an expoaithm of the causes of such removal, ahould it occur- It waa propaved to establish subordinate boards in each of tlie States, under the same restrictions snd limitations of the power of removal, which, with the central board, should receive, safely keen, and disburse the public moneys and in order to furnish a sound paper medium of exchange, the Exchequer should retain of the revenue* of the Government a sum not to exceed #5, ObO.OOO in speciev to beret apart aa required by its operations, and to pay the public credit at bis own option, either in specie or Treasury notes, of denominatinornot tos tftsn five, nor exceeding one hundred

dollar*

which notea .should he redeemed

at the several plaices of issue, and IO he receivable Stall times and every where in payment of Government doe*: with a restraint upon socbiaraeof htlla thst the same should not exceed theaMunasuss ol §15.000.000. In order to guard against all the hazards incident to ffsctusiiona in trade, the Secretary of the Treasury was intrutted with authority to issue $5,000,000ofGovernment stock, should the ai any time be regardod as neesaary, in order to place beyond baxard the prompt redemption of the bills which might be ihrewn info circulation. Thus in hct making the issue of tl5.000.000 of Exchequer bills, rest substantially on #*0,000.000 und keening in crrodalien never mors than oneand one-ball dollars for every dollar in specie. When to Ihts it ia added thai the tells are not only every where rsesivaWa in Government does, hot that the Government itself would be beearffonheir ultimate redemption, no ratiooal doefct can axiai tfcat the paper which the Exchequer would furnish, would readily enter into general circulation, apd be maintained at all times aa or above pur with gold und silver thereby reehxmg the great want efthe age, and fulfilling the wishes of the Peopie. In order to reimburse the Government tba expeaaes of the ptaa. it was proposed to mveaa the Exchequer with UK liusiwd authority to deal bills ef exchsnge, aaJsssmahibitod bj the State ia wMehan mtgfat oe situated, having only thirty days and Rsts« on a bur and lawMr bmm Legislative will eufhas noiut nog*! bs so, aaaoanwd us to avoid eft pretest forpsnwlity or

favoritism. It was furthermore proposed to mvset this Treaaury agent with authority to receive on deposite, to a limited amount, the specie funds of individuals, and to grant certificates therefor, to be redeemed on precentniioiwSMMler the idea, which

lag a safe ai place of the Exchequer should beautbonaed dot only to exinge itsMle fora«ual depqaitea of spKie. but specie eirils eodivafem to sA^ drafts, charging trefor a smalkhut re^nuehie peetmnm, I cannot loubt bttf thai air betSKir tfe ii^wuld bo apeedily manifested in the revival of the credit, trade and business of the whole country. Enter* lainin- 'L"

its ad strongest such alterations in its details ss Congress may in Us wisdom see fit to make.

Ism well aware that this proposed alteration of the lawa establishing the Treasury Depirttnedt has encountered various objections, and That 1m«ng others it ha6 been proclaimed a Government ftmk offearfirtaud tkngerous impon. Ithrproposed to confer upon it no extraordinary powers. It purports to do no more than pay the debts of ihe' Government—with the redssmabla paper of the Government—in wbich respect ita ccompiiehes precisely what ihe Treasury docs daily av this time in Imumg to the public creditors the Treasury notes which under law it is authorized to issue It has no resemblance to an ordinary Bank, as it furnishfg no pfoRu jo private stockholder®* afto lends no capital to individual®. If it be objected to as Government Bank, and the objection be available, then should all the laws in relation to the Treasury be repealed, and ihe capacity Of the Government to collect what it due to it, or pay what owes, be abrogated.

This is the chief purpose of the proposed Exchequer and surely if, in the accomplishment of a purpose so essential, it affords a sound eirculsitng medium to the country and facilities to trade, should be regarded as np slight recommendation of it to public consideration. Properly guarded by the provisions of law, it can run into no dangerous evil, nor can any abuse arise under it but such ss the Legislature itself will be answerable for, if it *be tolerated since it is but the creature of the law, and. is susceptible st all times of modification, amendment or repeal, at the pleasure of Congress. I know that it has been objected ihat the system would be liable to be abused, ill the party conflicts of the day. That such ahuees would manifest itaell jn a change of the law which would authorize^an excessive issue of paper for the purpose of inflating

Ciicesand

winning popular favor. To that it may answered, thai the ascription of such a motive to Congress is altogether gratuitous and inadmissible. The theory of our institutions would lead us to a diffident conclusion. But a perfect security against a proceeding so reckless, would be found to exist in the very nature of things. The political party which should be so blind to the true interests of ihe country, as to resort to such an expedient, would inevitably meet with final overthrow in the fact that the moment the paper ceased to be convertible into specie, or otherwise promptly redeemed, it would become worthless, and would in the end, dishonor the Government, involve the people in ruin, and such political party is hopeless disgrace. At the same time, sttch a view involves the utter impossibility ol furnishing any currency other than that of the precious metals, for, if the Government itselfcann&t forego the temptation Of exces* sive paper issues, what reliance can be placed in corporations upon whom the temptations of individual aegrandizement would most strongly operate? The people would have lo blame none but themselves lor any injury that might arise from a course so recklcss, since their agents would be the •^wrong doers, and they the passive spectators.

There can be but three kinds of public currency. 1st. Gold and silver. 2d, The paper of State institutions or 3d, A representative of the precious ^smetals, provided by the General Government, or under its authority. The Sub-Treasury system rejected the last in any form and, as it was believed that no reliance could be placed on the issues of local institutions, for the purposes of general circulation, it necessarily and unavoidably adopted specie as the exclusive currency for its own use. And this must ever be the case unless one of the other kinds be used. Tho choice, in the present state of public sentiment, lies between an exclusive specie currency on the one hand, and Government issues ofsome kind on the other. Thai these issues cannot be made by a chartered institution, is supposed to be conclusively settled- They must be made, then, directly by Government agents. For several years paat they have been thus mads in the form of Treuury notes, and have answered a valuable purpose. Their usefulness has been limited by their being transient and temporary their ceasing to bear interest at given periods, necessarily causcs their speedy return, and thus restricts their range of circulation, and, being used only in the disburstnents of Government, they cannot reach those points whers they are most required. By rendering their use permanent, to the moderate extent Ifclready mentioned, by offering no inducement for their return, snd by exchanging them for coin and other values, they will constitute,to cortoin extent, the general cur- rencysomuch needed to maintain the internal trade of the country. And this is tho

Exchequcr'plan, so far as it may operate in furnisliing a currency., I cannot forego iliei^occasion to urge itslrhpifrtarce to the credit of the Government in a financial point of view. The great necessity of resorting lo every proper and becoming expedient in order to place the Treasury on a footing of the highest respectability, is entirely obvious. The credit of tne Government may be regarded as the very soul of the Government itself—a principle of vitality without which all its movements are languid and sll its operations embarrassed. In this spirit the Executive felt itself bound by the most imperative sense of duty to submit to Congress, st its last session,ihe proprieir of makinga specific pledge of the lannfundrfis the basis for the negotiation of the loans tauthorized to be contracteaT I then thought that such an application of the public dotbain would, without doubt, hsve placed st the command of ths Gorernmen ample funds to relieve the Treasury from the temporary embarrassments under which it hnd labored. American credit has suffered a considerable shock in Europe, from the large indebtedness of the States and tlie temporary inability ofsome of them (o meet the interest on their debts. Theuttnrand disastrous prostration of the United States Bank of Pennsylvania, had contributed largely to increase the sentiment of distrust by resson of the loss and ruin sustained by the holders of its stock, a large portion of whom were foreigners,

Eilities

olitical organization, and of our actual responsiIt was the anxious desire of the ErccOiive that, in the (Sort to negotiate the loan abroad, the American negotiator might be able to point the money lender to the fund mortgaged for the redemption of ths principal and interest of any loan hs might contract, ana thereby vindicate the Government from all suspicion of bad fuith or inability to meet fta engagements. {Congress differed Irom the Executive this view-of tbssubject. It became, nevertheless, tlie duty of the Executive to resort to every expedient in its power io negotiate the authorized loan Afters failure to do so in the American market, a citizen of high character and talent was sent to Europe, wilh no better success and thus the mortifying spectacle hss been presented of tbe inability of this Government to obtain a loan so small, as not in the whole to amount to more than one-fourth of Us ordinary annual income at a time when the Governments of Europe, altho' involved in debt, end with their subjects heavily barthened with taxation, readily obtain loans Of any amount at a greatly reduced rate of interest. It would be unprofitable io look farther into this anomalous siste of things but 1 cannot conclude without adding that, fore Government which bss

Kineoffns

tonus, Ths

id debts of two war* with tbe largest marpower of Europe, and now owing a debt which is almost next id ndihing when compared with iu boundless resources, a Government the strongest :n the world, because emanating from the popular will, and firmly rooted in tba affections of a great and free people, and wheoe fideliir loits engagements ha* never been questioned lor such a Government to have tendered to the capitalists of other countries an opportunity for a small investment of its slock, and yet to have failed, im-

£iithieitherthe

lie» the most unfounded distrust in its good or* purpoiw, to obtain which, tbe course ponmed is mast fetal which could have bera adopted. It hss now become obvious to nil men that the Government must look to its own means

object .. aid in bringing about the result. Upon what I regard. ssa well-founded supposition thtt its bill* would be readily sought for by the public creditors, snd that the issue would ia a short t:me rasch the maximum of f1$,OOO,0OO ft is obvious that #10,000,000 would thoeby be added to tbe a/aikMs means of the Treasury, without east or charge. Kor can I fail to urge the greet and beneficial ef%|pets which would be produced in sid of all these* ttve pursuits of life. Its effects upon the sotvaut

Bute banks, while it would force into liquidation those of en opposite character through Hs weekly settlements, would be highly benefieta! and with U»s advantage of soond currency, tbe restoration gf confidence end credit would follow with a nameross train of blessing*. 3fy eohvtetions srs that sfcaac benfitnweold flew from the but if the reault should be advene, there is this security in eoooectioo with it, that the lew eresting iftnsy he repealed at the efthe Ugishttuie, without tbeslifjiiat on of^uajood faith. to Congress to take into considerstun ths propriety ef rc-imbuming a fine impnsed

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^d although the psnalty incarrad a^i paid, srorthy of lutie regard in anscuniaiy pS! view, a can hardly be doubted tbatit wouldbs gratifying to the war-srorn veteran, now iu reUrtment, and the winter of his daya, to be reli Irom the circumstanccs in which tliat iudg whichpuUic

paid, is amrthy of Httie regard in ai "iw.U

ment, and ut the winter of his daya, toW re'llcvod

him Then jre cases in whic ihpal tionaries may be called on to

[msnt fun®.

r«gh

publi....

—?»the

the public in-

nil hazards, and if

««sinst their own peraonal hazards, and the civil law be violated from praiseworthy mo-

overrulitijyt .aenise of public danger and

public n«x«*ity, puhiithment may well be restrained withm that limit wbieh asserts nnd maintains the authomv of the law, and the subjection of tho military to the civ.1 power., The defence of New Orleans, while It saved the city from the hands of the enemv, placed the name of Cfeeeta! Jachion aropag thosos ofthe grt»tiest Captains of the age. and illustrated one .or the brightest pages of our history. Now that the causes of excitement, ex. •sung at the time, have ceased to operate, it ia be. Iieuen thn I the MmieutA^ .Lf_ r._

I have thus, fellow.citizons, acquitted mvsell of my duty under the Conatituiioivhy laving bsfore you

vas

succinctly as I hate been able, the state of ths Union, and by inviting youraltemiOT to meas^ ures of much importance io tne aountiy -Tha EJx- -A* ecui.ve will most seslously unite its eflbria with those of the Legislative Department in the accomphshment of all that ia required to relieve the 12

WMHIIWTOH, Dwcmber. IM?"1' S95SSS5SSaS9SS9t SERIOUS STAGE ACCIDENT. On Wednesday evening Isst tbe western slass m0V R^ip'ceof twenty feet, on If ft

S,fr''.n?"id

within eight miles

ot AanesvUle, seriously iniuiina a number of IIM vf* passengers. Mwws (brothers, t, ampbell and Gentry, members of Congress from Tennessee: Messrs pniih, Senator, Waj?acoand Lane, Representativee from Indiana Mr. Goode, of O Mrs. Lane, and two young men whose names wedid not lesrn, were the coach, all of whom were more or less iujur-ed-—We regret to learn that ths life of Gen. Carothera is despaired of. and that Mr. Wallace also is in a dangerous situation. But two of ths passengers, Messrs. Smith of Indiana, and Goode of Ohio, were able to proceed on their journey. We liav* not learned whether the accident was tho issull of carrtpssness or not.-Zanesoitte Aurora.

V\ are happy in being able to state that the persons spoken of in the above paragraph, were not so badly injured as was ai first supposed, They havo all been able to resume their journey. Gen. Cnro- %-L thers left Zanesville on Sunday last for Weshing- "T ton City. The road was very icy at the time, and wo do not know that anr blame is attributable lo tbe driver.—ZanttviUeOmitt,

W AT ER-H OTTING OF FORT LEV^KWORTH, OCTOBER 85. 1843. Agreeably to my promise to your request, I now embrace this opportunity of Inying before you the progress I am making in regird to ifrater-rotting of hemp.

I have, under all difficulties which havo presented themselves, pressed this subject upon the hemp-growing region from Konlucky, Indiana, Tennessee, Illinois, and this Stale, (Missouri.) There are about 200 farmers water-rotting in this State, which will produce me some 300 to 500 tons. But a small proportion will stands the inspection. Tho principal part ii designed by me for tho commercial enterpriso. 1 have also a largo uumber in II- JT linois, where, previous to my publications and efforts, there, was not one pound of' hemp raised. I havo also the Society of j. Mormons operating, which will produce jk me a first-rale article, calculated for any service.

I am here at this post for the purpose of) endeavoring to produce spirit of industry in the Indians, by holding out to them an engagement to enter into the cultivation of hemp, and to water-rot and nt doubt I shall succeed in,effecting this great object in three tribes, the Delaware*, V'/'5 Stockbridges, nnd Kicknpoos, I hrive visr- C--+ ted the ICickapoos to-day, and I discover they are inclined to agricultural pursuits. The principal Chief is to see mo to-morrow upon the subject. If I effect this object I trust it will be viewed as an act or phi* lunlhropy abenevolence. i?

Yours truly, DAVID MYEHLE.

FOREIGN NEWS.

Arrival of the Columbia: The steam ship Columbia,Capt, Miller,'^* arrived at Boston December 6, with the mail of Nov. 10th from Liverpool. :J

Among the passengers in the Columbia Xwas Gen. Cass, our miuister to France. Previous to tbe departure of Gen. Cass|§Kl| from Paris a public dinner was given to xf him, by the countrymen, at which Mr. Benslcy, tlie Consul ut Havre, presided*,'

ENGLAND.—-A correspondent of tbe London Chronicle gives an analysis of|Vff, the Reports of the Poor Law Commit* sionors, from which it appears that there lias been a frightful increase of poverty. The letter is addressed to Sir Robert Peel. ^. The Chronicle says.— tf"

It will be seen that (he increase in 1840 'M and 1841, ns compared with 1837 and 1838, both in amount of rate and in number of paupers, has been principally in the agricultural districts. High prices are W •',, still more ruinous to the agricultural !&• borer' that! to the manufucturer and artizan, bccause, in his best times, bo is ulways on the verge of starvation. But the most alarming part ofthe exhibition is the extraordinary addition to the able adult population in our work houses. will 1842 exhibit?

aautt Wh». gf.

One ofthe first butchers in New Ate market bad failed for several thonssnd pounds oy over-apecula-ling in foreign cattle. To one party (be liabilities are upwards of .£4000, to others£1000, £700. and minor some of £200 to £300. This is the first failure in eat tie speculation.

The Queen and royal family has been en a visit to Dover and to Weimar Castle. A monument to Otaee Darting hi to be placed Over her remains, st Bamburgh. and a tablet to be Put up jn tbe Fern JMsnd lighthouse, both recording the partieulsrs of her bold s.id hetnsne exploit on tbe Tth of September, 18SS.

Mr. William Hone. «he well-tootwn smfcor of tbe lwery-Day Book, died st Totwnham 068nn. day, 6th November, aged rixty-three.

Lord Minister, _MTW, made a swech in rady to a eomplimectsry toaj^T• p*

GSSAT W0rn«8iusn COMMNR^-A mesring of the ihareholdert in this concern was held, at Bristol. The reporters for tbe prese were excluded it waa anderstood, however, thd metfinn tim the Grew Western wteh, it **(*1

now making a profit, should recommence running

tn the epnng, aoless she should, meanwhile, be advaniageonsly sold} that the Great BMtain, the umnenae uon weamer^Apeld be fintted and eqaip. ped for sea, sod that £20fi00 sbooUhe rated en

F««et~P«ishs«been visited by miewij wis. f^fd ot fust seventy. For several daya the thermometer wis far below freeziM. and ap* pmbensione were beginning to be entertained as to

zrjZZ&iZSTS!

MpSlS: t'e,

wderable Csam of an impending diesoloiion ef the Cortes, and deprecates soch a measure. The psfms by tUs arrival fimissh as with nm coanta of mimeroeadieeetreui shipwrecks, penied with lessef life,.