The Wabash Courier, Volume 10, Number 15, Terre Haute, Vigo County, 18 December 1841 — Page 2

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THE WABASH COURIER.

COKAItD fc HARRIS*

nrgRftfi-H A.UTS, SATURDAY PBS 18. 1641

""Much complaint has been mnde to the presesent proprietors of the YVabash Coarier KLquen^e of the former tthtor hurrying into c^SrtioD. pieces ind fragments of years, ^htT£ddeily understood should be cooaeeted with the first year of our publtcafion 90 as not to break or divide the year of a •ubacribor. We are therefore authorized by Mr. DofHtng to publish the following:

WABASH COURIER ACCOUNTS. ft was nor th* intention of the undersigned, in leav.0® bh accounts with Agents, to have actual sub«criben owing fragment* of years sued and be requests bin Agents to act accordingly.

In the necessity nnder which I labor of closing my business promptly. I wish to do nothing ealcolated to irritate or wound the feeling of any and therefore kooe every subscriber will aee the necessity of calling vXntarily without the intervenjion of

Tcrre-Haute, Nov. 1841.

LEGISLATIVE PROCICEDING8. A great deal of business seems to be cut out, and contemplated by our Legislature.

The first prompt action is the resolution, to bring before a committee, for the purpose of inquiry and examination, such persons, as have been concerned in the sale of State bonds, and the expenditure of the public money embracing the former, and the present members of the Board of Fund Commissioners the Board.-of Internal Improvement, President of the Bank, &c. &c.

Propositions have been introduced to inquire into the expediency of granting to companies the privilege of prosecuting the works contemplated in the internal improvement system, under cc.-tain conditions and restrictions.

Various modes have been proposed of change of Stay Laws, as to time, the rates at which property, under execution shall sell,&c.

A resolution requiring the Stale Bank and nil its Branches to resume specie payment, on or before the 15th of January, 1842, has been offered.

A bill has been read abolishing .imprisonment for debt. Resolutions have been received from the Legislatures of Maine, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, on the subject of amending the Constitution of the United States, so as to render the President mwiigible for a second term.

A resolution to inquire into the expediency of offering to the creditors of the Stale some of the public works at cost, receiving our bonds at par as payment, dec. was offered-— another, calling upon the Stales of Ohio, Kentucky* and Illinois, requesting them to make early resumption, &c.

A movement is likewise made in favour of all executions in capital eases tuking place -within the walls of the prison—and also, to inquire into the expediency of abolishing capital punishments. t'ome talk was had in reference to a tax upon Lawyers, Doctors, old Bachelors and old Maids.

A resolution was offered to iuquire into the expediency of repudiating such State bonds as have been passed into the market, and on which nothing has been paid-—aud recommending measures to ascertain by num ber, date, dec, (be .particular bonds thus sub* ject to repudiation'with the view of having the list published in different tiewspapw\,in the United States, London, Paris, dtc.

Propositions we observo are made'to reduce the salaries of public officers, and the per diem pay of tho mombers of the Legisla-

A resolution was offered to inquire into the xpediency of providing for the disposition of the Lands granted by tho General Government, for the purpose of extending the Wabash and Erie Canal to Terre-Huute, in ac cordance with tho terms of the grant.

How far any, or all of these nfenSures, either, wholly or in part may be carried through, remains of course yet to be soen.

CONGRESS.

Both Houses of Congress were opened on Monday the Oth inst. by their respective presiding officers, and quorums found to be present. in the Hoo*?, two or three propositions wero offered as to the rules to be adoptedone that the rules of the 26th Congress should govern—another that tho rules of the last session should be adopted—Mr. Adams was agreed to the rules of the 26th Congress, excepting only the 21st (the Abolition rule), vome debate took plaro, in which Messrs. Adams, Johnson, VVise, Proffit, Stanly and others participated—after which the House adjourned, without adopting any set sel of ruleCoflferod.

STATE DEBTSy-HESU.'WPTlOX. A universal feeling seems now to pervade the whole land, in reference to these two all important subjocts. The people are aroused and inquiries are being made, as to the real situation of the country, in a way which induces' us to hope, that the whole matter will toon divest itself of all political and party hues, prejudicies and feelings. From every quarter our exchange papers are fillet! on these topics—people nro begin ing to think,— to look around them,—to ask seriously, what is lobe done?—crimination and rc-crimination must be abandoned,—and every feeling resolve itself, into true patriotism and love of -country, iTAll are interested,—every one, more or less, in possession or prospect, in the way of family and property. And nothing we think, but axbad head, and fcorse heart, ©an take pleasure in gratifying that little »spio, which has its nurishmen! io small party bickerings, rather than a noble sentiment of public good and general prosperity** -v

PRESIDENT JUDGE* Tlh CIRCUITVV ILL U* P. Bar SOT,was duly elected by both Houses of the Legislature on the 10ih inst. President Judge of the 7ih Circuit of Indiana. Judge Bryant has been pending in our Cireuit, for the last several months. Governor's commission.

The Message of President Tyler to the Congress of the United .State?, will be found in. our columns this week* The President commences with a reference .the case of McLcod, and- suggests that measures should be provided* tootyiate,jf possibly, a.Tecurence of simaar difficulties 4*n respect to inter1 national and Ft ate obligations and jurisdictions. The affair of the Caroline steamer, and the right claimed by the- British Government to examine American vessels, under certain circumstances, are both brought before tbe attention of Congress.

In reference to revising the existing Tariff laws, the President thinks moderate counsels may be the wisest, that our Government owes is existence to the spirit of compromise, &c. In imposing duties for the purpose of revenue, he thinks it may be right to discriminate as to the articles upon which the duty shall be laid.

On the subject of the currency and exchanges, we find nothing particularly/pew. The President intimates that it was his painfull duty to differ with Congress at its last session, in reference to measures then proposed—and that subsequent reflections only serves to confirm him in the opinions then entertained, fie thinks that wealth can only be accumulated by industry—That the* country ia full of resources, and the people full of energy, &c.

He says the Secretary of the Treasury will be ready to submit the-details of a plan of finance, should Congress require it,—one which, while it throws around the public Treasure, reasonable guards for its protection, will at the same time furnish the country a sound prtper medium reasons'ule facilities for regulating the exchanges, &c. A plan subordinate to the will of Congress, and the will of the people, and repea lable at the pleasure of Congress. Some suggestions as to detail arc given,—such as a Board of Control at the Seat of Government, with agencies—issues not to exceed $15,000,000—without the sanction of the Legislulare, &c—authorising individual deposits of gold and silver, to a limited amount ,'To use State Bunks at a distance from the Agencies, as auxiliaries, &c. To be made to rest on an actual specie basis, &c. This plan, the President says, he will be among the first to urge its repeal, should it not be found to answer the proper purpose. He asks, also, to be relieved from any conlroling power over the public Treasury. fj]

The president mentions the subject of State debts, which he says amounts to not less than $200,000,000. For the debts thus contracted the States are alone responsible, and he expresses the belief that each State will feel itself bound to meet its engagements with punctuality,—but that the failure of any one State to do so, should in no degree effect the credit of the rest. Ho thinks that any of the States will have the means of redeeming their obligations. $

We have intimations from reliuble scourcos, says the N. Y. Tribune, that the President and his Cabinet have had under consideration, a plan for assuming State integrity, restoring and fortifyng State credit, and re lieving State and general embarrassments, by the magnanimous and vigorous action of the Federgrfiovernment.

months, under the

By our next we may be able to guess slightly, to prospects attd indications at Washington. Some action will probable be had, by which the feeling and dwposttioQ eurrtoey, exe

in reference to

may h* discovered.

A good roaay fioo hocs have been Ae«J«d UM6 our town within a few days—small lots killed by faihrners at home. *£,00 is probably given for the heaviest.

We are indebted to Messr*. Moflfeitf Wines, and Hodge*, for Lef^btive documents. The Wabash is again the rise, now affording first rate Steam-boat navigation.

MIREJfOLOCJT.

By reference to an Advertisement in our Columnsr -it will be seen* that Dr. Sim will deliver a Lecture on Saturday Evening 18th inst., in relation to the laws governing the hereditary transmission of mental and physical qualities in tho human race. A very interesting subject, whether treated Phrenologically, Metaphysically, or Physiologically.

Hogs are selling at Cincinnati, at 82, to 92,25 per 100 lbs. In Dayton, at #1,«). In Maysville $1,50 gross weight.

PRINCE DE JOINTILIB.

After making the tour of a considerable portion of our country, this Prince has again left for France, in the frigate La Belle Pbule. The impression he generally made, was decidedly favourable. The first honors and kindest hospitalities have every where been extended to him. Shortly before his departure a splendid Dinner was given him at the Astor House, New York, by tbe Mayor and Comtnon Council of the City.* The Prince was dressed in his uniform, and wore a splendid star on his breast, &c. The following toasts were given on the occasion:, 1. The King of the French.

Jt- Tbe President of the United States.

The ''Belle Poule"and the remainaof Napoleon, "The French Army." 5. King Louis Philippe^ Family. 6. The French Navy.

The American Navy The Mayor and Corporation of New York*" Tho French National Guard.

7. 8. 9

10. "The New York Ladies." 11.

If. 13. 14.

Vive le Rot." The French Nation. The President owl Committee of the Dinner. The treaty of France.

THE FAITH OF THE STATES. The Harrisburg Reporter savst "The attempt of the Federal press to identify the Democracy of the country. as a party, with nay effort to rrpudiate the S'ate debts is utterly gratuitous and unjustifiable- Nothing could ponibly betray a greater degree of illibenlity, although, in perfect keeping with the general demeanor of our opponents." ...

Does our neighbor allude to the

ssr

C*SR

MUBTSBIPFH?

It' vea, will be be good enough to inform as whether the Whijts or Locofoc*» of that State should be considered ihe anti-bond payers 1 We rcjoice, however, to see tbe RepHtr take such decided ground in favor of vindicating the faith ot the States, and at all haiards. The annexed sentiments will win tbe cordial approval of every true hearted Peonaylvanian.—Fm. tnquirrr.

What! the Democracy of this country advocate the abhorrent doctrine that the debt* of the Stares be wiped out with a tpomg*—thlat their plighted faith be treated with shocking contempt, and our people be stirred up to a total ngectioa of all they have hitherto deemed sacred! Never! The imputation is fata as the malignant heart UMU conceived, or the tancoroaa toagne that fim gave it utterance, and is a vile libel upon the Democratic party. Shall our obligations be committed to the sport of windsT Shall mny party in this country, by any combination of enemastance*, be wrought into a temper to dwregard their •acred obligations, sod beoowe debauched from all the principles of a aooad and wholwome mocalitv.the mat anchor which alone can hold the vwwet of &*<• amidst stones and convulsion*.' If this were pos«We. it wo«M truly tender the American name the object of univenal hatred and contempt- It would p»«ent a spectacle of national humtliatton which no pencil can* {Entity over drew. The money borrowed by the §ts.te* from Europe has served to ooostroct osrgfa* Ucavs««fn of internal improvement*, tmckmg %nth Briar^n tbe mosttema* ojirRepSlht & hw»serv«d to bnildoer canals «nd rwlrooda MdevelwePor vast mineral reaourcsa. and bring the kiddentnH^Oi of BMootains and valleys to every man's door to repayment the faiafe, of «b Stat* «*an^»wrie«o

II dqtv be any th**t than^a wariol inqwoad. tors—if be not a dwroWq thetaoM

byword—onr

IT 8*#w«

resfweifuliy will Mil

obligations to WM tNurdan*. bantletis- This will then*,* Rrpnhjica.^It wjU enabts to Btaiata^ oor awn ****. TW public cpinioo of »be eal^hteftrd ww M. whwfc we cannot reaiat and dare set even spct diyue, will be in oar favor. A sp«m of corfiw prise will that wfll aagmeni m^woal -fNMparity, and SWOT as a niche to the Mopteof Fan**, ^o«wliMt no hmnaa pw |rdl «v« be spwegh *Jtpeil an-"

PHEKDWPPS MBNEBR

T» tke Senmtt and fitwi of United States: In coming together feilow-ciiixens, to enter aigein. upon the discharge of tbe dulieswith «hich*h« People have charged us, severally, we End gre4^ occaskuuto rejoice in the general prosperity of die country —We are ill the efcjoyment of all the hlesfings of civil and religious liberty with unexampled means of education, Jcnnwledge and :iifcprdv*hient. Through the year w#cfi is how drawing toia llosc, peaeehugbj»iiair botdrts. and plehly in oAr habitatiom and althoagh Hfceaee Jtas visited some few portion* of ibe land, with dikrrss riftd mortality, yet in general the health of the people has been prt* rved, and we are all called upon, by the highest obiigalions of dntv, to renewonr thanks arid our devotion to onr Heavenly Parent, who fafasaantinned to vouchsafe to us the eminent blessings which surround us, and who has so signally crowned the vear with his goodness. If we find ourselves increasing, beyond example, in numbers, in strengih, in wealth, in knowledge, in every thing which promotes human and social happiness, let as ever 'remember our dependence, for all these, on the protection and mercifal dispensations of Divine Providence

Since your last adjournment,- Alexander McLcod, a British subject, who was indicted for tbe murder of an American citizen.and whose case has been the subject of a correapendenee heretofore communicated to you, haabeen acquitted by the verdict of an impartial and intelligent jury, and has, under the judgement of the Court, been regularly discharged.

Great Britain having made known to tbisjBovernment that the expedition which was fitted out in Canada for the destruction of the steamboat Caroline, in the winter of 1837, and which resulted in the destruction of said boat, and in the death of an American citizen, was undertaken bv orders emanating from the authorities of the British Government in Canada, and demanding the discharge of McLeod upon the ground that, if engaged in that expedition, he did but fulfil the orders of his Government, had thus been answered in the only way which she could be answered bv a Government. the powers of which are distributed among its several departments by the fundamental hw. Happily for the people of Great Britain, as well as tlfew of the United States, the only Tnode by which an individual, arraigned for a criminal offence by the Coqjrtsof either, can obtain his discharge by the independent action of the judiciary, and by proceedings eqttaHy/amilliar to to the Courts of both countries.

If in Great Britain a power exists in the Crown to cause to be entered a nolle prosequi, which is not the case with the Executive power of the United States upon a prosecution pending in'a State Court Yet there, no more than here, can the chief Executive power rescue a prisoner from custody without an order of the proper tribunal directing his discharge. The pfrcise stage of the proceedings at which such order mny be mnde, is a matter of municipal regulation exclusively, and not to be complained of by any other Government. In rases ol this kind, a Government brcomts politically responsible only, when its tribunals of last resort are shown to have rendered unjust nnJ injurious judgements in matters not doubtful. To the establishment and elucidation of this principle, no nation has lent its authority more efficiently than Great Britain. Alexander McIeod having his option either to prosecute a writ of error from the decision of the Supreme Court of New York, which had heen rendered upon apnlirst:on for a discharge, to the Supreme Court of the United State*, or to submit his case to the decision of a jury, preferred the latter, deeming it the readiest mode of obtaining his liberation, and the result has fully sustained the wisdom ot his choicfc. The manner in which the issue submitted was tried, will sat-sfy ^he English Government that the principles of justice will never fail to govern the enlightened decision of an Ameriran tribunal.—I cannot fail, however, to suggest to Congress the propriety, and, in some degree, the necessity of makirtpiuch provisions by law, so far ss they may constitutionally dos for the removal at their commencement and at the option of the party, of all euch casjs as may hereafter arise, and which may involve the faithful observance and exrcution of our international obligations, from :he State to the Federal Judiciary. This Government by our institutions, is charged with the maintenance of peace and the preservation of amicable relations with the nations of the earth, and ought to possess, without question, all the reasonable and proper means of maintaining the one and preserving the other. Whilst just confidence is felt in the Judiciary of this States, vet this Government ought to be competent in itself for the fulfilment of the high duties which have been devolved upon it under the organic law, by the States themselves.

In the month of September, a party of armed men Irom Upper Canada invaded the territory of the United States, and forcibly seized upon the person of one Grocan. and. under circumstances of great harshness, hurriedly carried him beyond the limits ol the Untted State*, and delivered him up to tfie authorities of Upper Canada. His immidiate discharge wits'ordered by those authorized, upon the facts of the ense. being brought to their knowledge—a course of procedure which was to hav»-been expected from a na'ion' irith. whom we are at peace, and which was not more 0be to the risrhtsof the United States, than to its ownvre« gard for justice. The correspondence which ^aS*ed between the Department ofSta'e. and the British Eiivoy, Mr. Fox. and with the Governor of Varmont, as soon as the facts had been made known to this Deparlmtotf are herewith communicated.

I regret that it is not in my power to make kttewft to you an equally sat:sfactorv conclusion in the fase of the Caroline ateamer, with the circumstances Oftnnected with the drstruct'On of which, in DecomMr. 1837, bv an armed force fitted out in the Proving of Upper Canada, you are already made acquainted. No •ucn attoncment as wns dne for the public wrong done to the United States by this invasion of her territory, so wholly irreconsilable with her rights as an independent power, haa yet be made. In the view taken by this Government, the enquiry whether the vessel was in the emp'oymcnt of those who were prosecuting an unauthorized war against that Province, or was engaged .by the owner in the business of transporting passengers to and from Navv Island in hopes of private gain, which was probably the case, in no degree nhers then al question at ia?ue between the two governments. This Government never conceded to any foreign GOT crnment the power, except in a ens* of the most u'genl and extreme necessity, of invading its territory, either toarreai the persons or destroy the property of who mav have violated the municipal laws of auch foreign Government, or hare diaregarded their obligations arising under the laws of na'iona. The territory of the United States must be regarded as sacrrdlf srcttre against all auch invas'ons. until thev shall voluntarily acknowledge their inability to acquit themselvea of their duties to others. And in announcing this sentiment, I do but aflirm a principle which no nation on earth would be more rea-iy to vindicate, at all hazsrds, than the people and Government of Great Britain.

If, upon a full investigation of all the facts, it riiall appear that the owner of the Caroline was governed by a hostile intent, or had made common cauae with those who were in the occupancy of Navy Is'and.then so far as he is concerned, there can be no claim to indemnity for the destruction of his boat, which th* Government would feel itself bound to prosecute-sinoe he would have acted not only tn derogation of the rights of Great Britain, but in clear violation ol the laws of the United State* but this is a question which, however settled, in no manner involves tbe higher consideration of the violation ol territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction. To recognise it as an admirable praeiice that each government, in its turn, upon any sadden and unauthorized outbreak, which on a frontier,! the •xtent of which renders it impossible for either to nave an efficient force on every mile of it. and which outbreak, therefore, neither may be able to aupprers in a day. may take vengeance into its own hands, .sod without even a remonstrance, and in the ahstide of any pressing or overruling necessity, mar invade the territory of the other, would inevitably lead to results eqaally to be deplored by both.. When border collision* come to receive tbe sanction, or to be made bf the authority of either Government, general war most be the inevitable result. Whilo it is tbe ardent destre of the United States to cultivate tbe relations of peace with all nations, and to fulfil all the dnties nf good neighborhood towards those who posatss territories adjoining their own. that very desire would lead them to deny the rght of any ioreign power to invade their boundary with an armed force. The correspondence between the two Governments on this subject, will, at a fetor* day of your session, be submitted to yooreonftderation and in tbe mean time, I cannot but indulge the hope that the Brrtiah Government will set the propriety of renouncing, as a rale of future actios, the precedent which has been svt in the aflair at Scfalfassr.

I herewith submit tbe correspondence which has recently taken place between the American Minister at the Court of St James, Mr. Stevenson, and the Minister of Foreign Affiurs of that Government, on tbe right claimed by that Government to visit and defaio vsvcS* saling under the American flag anJ engaged in prosecuting lawful commerce in the African sea* Onr commercial interests in that region have experienced con •iderabk increase, and have become an object of much importance, and it is the daty of this government to protect them against a! improper and vexations interroptKm. However desirous the United State* may be Tor the suppression of the slave trade, tbey cannot «N»sent to interlopatioes into tbe mar*time rode, at the ia«re will and pleasureofei*h«Tgovernment. Wsdesr the tight of aaysoch interiopatton to any one,erall of the nation* of the Earth, witboat ocr consent. We ciaim to base a voice ia all amend meats or ahemioas of that code—and when we are gtven to smfewtswlat in this iwiwt. by a foreign government, thai ttstna ties with other na none cannot be exam ted witboet the ER^bhrfmwAt

aad enfcaraetnent ot

tain

B*W

principle* of

matratime police to be appKod wttimn oor csaaoH, we most Mttpiov a laa&age neither of eqnivncsl or soscept&ss ot miaconetruction. American pmsmnat a lawful cntnmeit* ia the Afoqra jea*. under the flae of their cooatrv, aw mat nwponsiWa far the shoes or sshvM nee can tbey rightfully on be inierrnpted. mcieeted or and if thas seolswed and* est voyage*, in the naval way, and rishtiaf no law ibetnsrl«cs, tbey area riyaefiosiaMyjenfrtlsd to

its repagnanc*

a a a a

fga3n»tood. By its fundamental law it prescribed limits in point of time to its continuance and aga-.nst its own citizen*, who might so far forgetthe nghts of humanity as to engage in that wicked Waffle, it has long since, by its municipal lawa, denounced the most condign punishment. Many of the State* composing this

Uttion, had made appeal* to the civilized world for its suppression, long before the moral sense of oiher na32s had become shocked by the tniquti« of the traffic Whether this government should now enter into treaties containing mutual stipulations upon tb» subject, is a question for its mature deliberation. Certain it is, that If the right to detain American ships on the high seas can

which the

justified on the plea of a necessity for

such detention, arising out of the existence of treaties between oiher nations the same plea may be extended and enlarged bv the new stipulations of new treaties, to

United States may not be a party. This

Government will not cease to urge upon Great Britain full and ample remuneration for all losses, whether *nsiog from detention or otherwise, to which American citizens have heretofore been, or may hereafter be subjected, by the exercise of rights which this Government csnnot recognise as legitimste and proper. Nor will I indulge a doubt, but that the scnce of justice of Great Britain will constrain her to make retribution for any wrong, or loss, which any American citizen, engaged in the proeecntion of lawful commerce, may have experienced at the hands of her cruisers, or other public authorities. This Government, at the same tine, wili relax no effort to prfevent its citizens, if there be any so disposed, from prosecuting a trafhc so revolting to the feelings of of humanity. It seeks to do no more than lo protect the fair and honest trader, from molestation asd injury, but while theenterprising mariner engaged in the pursuit of an honorable trade is entitled to its protection

will visit with condign punishment, on

others of an opposite character.,, I invite your attention to existing laws for the suppression of the African slave trade, and recommend all such alterations, as may give them greater force and effiracy. That the Ameriran flag is greatlv abused by the abandoned and profligate of other nations, is but too probable. Congn ss has, not long since, had thw subject under consideration, and its importance well justifies renewed and anxious attention-

I also communicate herewith the copy of a correspondence between Mr. Stevenson ano Lord Palmerston, upon the subject so interesting to several of the Southern States, of the rice dutira, which resulted honorably to the jus-ice of Great Britian and advantage ously to the United States,

At the opening of the last annual session, the President informed Congress of ihe progress which hod then heen made in negotiating a convention beetween

ment

Government and that of England, with a view to the final settlement of the question of the boundary between the territorial limit* of the two countries. I regret to siy, that little further advancement of the object has been accomplished since last year but this is owing to circumstances no way indicative of any ab*te-

of the desire of both parties to hasten the n%o tiation to its conclusion, and to settle the question in dis,*ute, as early as possible.—In the course of 'lie session. it is my hope to be able to announce som* further degree of progress, towards the accomplishment of this highly de*ira!le end.

The commission appointed by this Government for the exploration and survev of the line of boundary separating the States of Maine and New Hamp-

shire from the conterminous British Provinces is, it is believed, about to close its field labors, and is expected soon to report the results of its examinations to the Department of State. The report when received will be laid before Congress.

The failure on the part of Spain to pay with punctuality, the interest due under the Convention of 1834, for the settlement of claims between the two countries, has made it the duty of the Executive to call the particular attention of that Government to the subject. A

disposition has been manifested by it, which is believea to be entirely sincere, to fulfil its obligations, in this respect, so soon as its internal condition and the! state of its finances will permit.—An arrangement is in progress, from the result of which, it is trusted that those ofour citizens who have claims nnder the Convention, will at no distant day, receive ihe stipulated pavments.

A treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Belgium wns concluded and signed at Washington on the 29rh March, 1840, and was duly sanctioned by the Senate of the United States. The treaty was rvtifiad by His Belgian Majesty, but did not receive the approbation of the Belgian Chambers within the time limited bv its terms, and hns therefore beeome void*

This occunrni.se assumes the garaver aspect from the considsrntion that, in1833,a treaty negotiated between the two Governments, and ratified on the part of the United States, failed to be ratified on the part of Belgium. The Representative of that Government at Washington, informs the Department ol State that he hns been instructed to give explanations of the'eauses which occasioned delav in the approval of th® late Treaty by the Legislature and to express the regret of the King at tlie occurrence.

The jo'nt commission under the Conventirtf frith Texas to ascertain the true boundary between the two countries, hns concluded its labors but the final report of the commissioner of the U. States has not been received. It is undderstood, however, that the meridian line, ns traced by the commission, lies somewhat further East than the position hitherto generally assigned to it, and, consequently includes in Texas, some part of the territory which had been considered as belonging to the States of Louisiana and Arkansas.

The Un*ted States cannot but take a deep interest in whatever -relates to this young but growing Republic. Setthd principally by emigrants from the U. States, we have the happiness tn know, that the great principles of civil liberty are there destined to flourish, under wi*e instisutions and wholesome laws and that, through its example, another evidence is to he afforded of th" capacity of popular institutions to advance the

5rosprrity

this

and happiness, and permanent glory of the

uman raco. The great truth, that government was mnde for the people, and not the people for the government, has already been established in the practice and by the example of these United States and we can do no other than contemplate its further exemplification by a sister Republic, with the deepest interest.

Our relations with the independent States of this hemisphere, formerly under the dominion of Hpain, have not undergone atiy material change within the past year The incessant sanguinary conflicts in, or between those countries, are to be greatly deplored, as necessarily tending to disable them from performing their dutiee as members of the community of nations, and rising to the destiny which the position and natural scources of many of them might lead them

jusqv to anticipate, at constantly giving occasion also, dirrctlv, or indirectly, for complaints on the part of our citizens who resort thither for puposes of commercial intercourse, snd as retarding reparation for wrongs slreadv commi' ted, some of which are by no means of recent date.

Hie failure of the Congress of Ecuador to hold a session, st the time sppointed foi that purpose, in January last, will probably render abortive a treaty of commerce with that Republic, which was signed at Quitoon the 13th of June 1839, and had been dt on our part but which required the approbat body, prior to its ratification by the Ecuadc

mere* wttn tnat RepuW .... toon the 13th of June 1839, and had been duly ratified at on of ha loriaa Exe-

eUAC©nv«ntion

claims of citizens of the United States, upon the Government of that Republic, will be duly submitted to the Senate.

The c'aitns of our citizens agamet the Brazilian Government. originating from captures, and other causes, are still unsatisfied. The United States hsve. however, so uniformly sh twn a disposition to cultivate relations of amity with that Empire, that it is hoped, the unequivocal tokens of thesame spirit towards ns which an adjustment of the affairs referred to woald afford, will be given without further avoidable delay.

The war with the Indian tribe* on the peninsate of Florida has, during the Isst summer ami fall, been prosecuted with untiring sctivity snd zeal. A snmmercampaign was resolved upon, as the best mode of bringing it to a dose- Our breve officers snd men who have been engaged in that service, have suffered toils and priv*tions, snd exhibited an energy which in any other war would have won for them unfading laurels- In despite of the sickness incident to the climate, they have penetrated fastnesses of tbe Indiana, broken up their encampments, snd harrassed them unceasingly. Numbers have ceen captured, snd still greater numbers have surrendered, and have been transported to join iheir brethren on the lands elsewhere allotted to tbem by the Govern men t.—and a strong hope is entertained that, under the conduct of the gal lent officer at the head of the troops in Florida, that troohlesom and expensive war is destined to a speedy termieation. With all the other Indian tribes we are enjoying the blessings of peace- Oar doty, ss well ss oor best interests, prompt as to observe, in all oar intercourse with them, fidelity in fulfilling oar engagements, the practice of strict Justice, as well as'tbe constant exercise of sets ofbenevo* lence snd kindness. These sre tbe great instruments of civilization, and through tbe ase of them alone, can the untutored child of tbe forest be induced to listen to its teaching.

Tbe Secretary of Stale, on whom tto sets of Congress. bavs devolved the daty of directing the proceedings for the taking of the Sixth Censor, or enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States, will report to the two dosses the ptogres* of that work. Tbe roumeratioo of peraens ha* been completed, and exhibits grand total of 17.06®.4^3 making an increase over th* Censas of 1830, of 4.202,646 inhabitants, snd show tag gsin in a ratio exceeding 314 per cent, for th* last tea yearn.

From the report of tbe Secrefary of the Treasary.yoc will be informed of tbscaaditien of the finaneeer The balance in the Treasury on the 1st of JmaamTT Isss, as as stated in the report of the Secretary of thcTrea—ry,. submitted to Confess st th* Extra Session, was $987,345 OS. The receipt* fnto the Treasury, daring ths fast three saartere of this year, fross aU source*, amoarst to fS3,46laS M. Tbe animated reesipt* for the {north famrsMSMt to aasoanting

Trassary, on th im of January Isst, f»l,»7^1J

which has been concluded with the

Republic of Peru, providing for the aettlement of cer

The expenditures for tbe first thretqaartersof thwywr amount to #24,834,345 9». The expenditure* fortha 'amount to #7,190,fourth' quarter is eetii&ated, will.' loUVof-'l if «ft7,S57 90.

leaving a deficit of at,_- -. Or tbe Loan of

•12,QflP.pQ0,

Should it be neccasary, in any view that Congress may take of the subject, to revise the existing tariff duties. I beg leave to say, that, in the performance of that most delicate operation, moderate counsels would seem to be the wisest. The Government, under which it is our happiness to live, owes iia existence to the spirit of compromise which prevailed among it* framers—jarring and discordant opinions could only have been reconciled by that noble spirit of patriotism, which prompted conciliation, and resulted in harmony. In the same spirit the compromise bill, as it is commonly called, was adopted st the session of 1833.— While the people of no portion of the Union will ever hesitate to pay all necessary taxes for the support of Government, yet an innate repugnance exists to the imposition of burthens not really necessary for that object. In imposing duties, however, for the purples of revenue, aright to discriminate as to the articles on which the duty shall be laid, as well as the amount, necessarily and most properly exists. Otherwise Hie Government would be placed in the condition of hav-. ing to levy thesame duties upon all the articles, the productive as well as the unproductive. The slightest duty upon some, might have the effect of causing their importation to cease, whereas others entering extensively into the consumption of the country, might bear the heavieat, without anv sensible diminution in the amount imported. So also the Government may be just in so discriminating, by reference to other considerations of domestic policy connected with our manufactuies. So long as the duties shall be laid with diatinct reference to the wants of the Treasury, no wellfounded objection can exist against them. Tt might be esteemed desirable tint no such augmentation of the taxes should take place as would have tho effect of annulling the land proceeds distribution act of the last session, which act is declared to be inoperative the moment the duties are increased beyond 20 per cent., the maximum rate established by the Compromise act.— Some of the provisions of the Compromise act, which will go into effect on the 30th day of Juno next, may, however, be found exceedingly inconvenient in practice under any regulations that Congress mav adopt. I refer most particularly to that relating to the home valuation. A difference in value of the same articles to some extent, will necessarily, exist at diffi rent ports —but that is altogether insignificant, when compared with the conflicts in valuation which are likely to arise, from the differences ot opinion among the numerous appraisers of merchandize. In many instances the estimates of value must be conjectural, and thus as many different rates of value may be established as there are appraisers. These differences mav also be increased by the inclination, which, without the slightest imputation on their honesty, may arise on the part of the appraisers in favor ol their respective ports of entry. I recommend this whole subject to the consideration of Congress, with a single additional remark.— Certainty and permanency in any system of governmenral policy are«in all respects, eminently desirable but more particular is this true in all that affects trade and commerce, the operations of which depend much more on the certninty of their returns, and calculations which embrace distant periods of time, thnn on high

to the public, by expelling from circulation the precious

metals, and seriously hszarding the cuccesa of any ef fort that this Government can make, to increase commercial facilities, and to advance the public interests.

This is the more to be regretted and ibeindispmsibls necessity for a sound currency becomes the more manifest, when we reflect on the vast amount of the internal commerce of the country. Of this we have no statistics, nor just data for forming adeouate opinions. But there can he no doubt but that the amount of transportation coastwise by sea, and tho transportation inland by reilrosds and canals, snd by steamboats and other modes of conveyance, over the surface of our vast rivers snd immense fakes, snd tbe value of property carried and interchanged by these meana, form a general aggregate, to which the foreign commerce of the country, large as it is, makes but a distant approach.

In th* absence of any controlling power over this subject, which by forcing a general resumption of specie psyments would st once hsv« the effect of restoring sound medium of exchange, and would leave to the country but little to desire, what measure of relief, falling within the limits of our constitutional competency. does 1 become this Government tosdopt f- It was wsfgl gross ori the measure* which it proposed for my ap' proval. and which it doubtless regarded a* corrective of existing evils. Subsequent reflection, and events since occurring, have only served to confirm me in tbe opinions then entertained, snd frankly expressed.

my painful duty at your Isst session, under tljs mt of most solemn obligstions, to differ with Con*

I must be permitted to sdd, that no scheme of governmental policy, unaided by individual exertions can be available for ameliorating the present condition of things. Com.7iercial modes of exchsnge snd a good currency, are but the necessary means of commerce snd intercourse, not tbe direct productive sosrees of wealth. Wealth can only be accumulated hy the earnings of industry and the savings of frsgality: uii nothing can be more ill-judged than to look to facilities in borrowing, or tos redandsnt srculation.fov tbe power of dischsrging pecuniary obliastions. The country is full of resources snd the people full of energy. and tbe great and permanent remedy for present embarrassments must be sought in industry, economy, the observance of good faith, snd tbe favorable influence of time.

In pursuance of pledge given to yoa in my Isst message to Congress, which I arge *n spo'ogv for adventuring to present to you tbe detail* of *ny p«*n. tbe Secretary of the Treasury will be rwady 10 submit to vou. should you require it, plsn of finanoe, which, while it throws sroand the puplic Treasure reasonable guards for its protection, snd rests on powsrs acknowledged in practice to exist from the origin «tbe Government. will at the same tiow. Jsrmsb «o tbe emmry soand paper medinm. sad sfbrd all reasonable isaljties for regulating th* exchange*. When submitted yon will perceive is its pis* smeadstory of ths existing Isw* intreiatiow to the Tieassiy IV part mem selfsustaining, should it he fond in practice, to realise its ia theory, sad repealable at the pleasure of

723 73.-—thus making-a *U!-ot' #M 9t4,OTO 6Q ,apdigold sad. silvsr, It PjN«fMstoJimit th* isnse* to aa

r-—^amount

wh»eh .was attitar^aod

by Congress at its late session,,anly $5,432.726.88.have been negotiated.. The shortness of the tittle which it bad tto run, has presententedjio inconsiderable impediment in the way of its being taken by capitalists at home, while thesame cause would have operated wiih much greater force in the foreign market. For that reason a foreign market has not been resorted to and it is now submitted, whether it would not be advisable inamcnu thtrlaw by making what remains undisposed of, payable at a more distant day.

9 w' lllllv* Vllllll llll

bounties or duties, which are liable to constant fluctu-

circulation, and such also wouU be the case as to the last, but for inventions comparatively modern, which hnve furnished, in place of gold snd silver, a paper cir culation. I do not propose to enter into a comparative analysis of the merits of the two systems. Such helonged more properly to the p°riod of the introduction of the paper system. The speculative philosopher might find iuducements to prosccute the inquiry, but

jions I to sixteen millions furthermore, the authority giyen to At your late session, I invited your attention to the feceivo private deposits to limitedI amount, and to condition ol the currency and exchanges, and urged I issue certificates in suth sums as may be called fop by the necessity ol adopting Buch measures as were consis- J"°. depositors, may *o far fill up the channels of circutent with the constitutional competency of the Gov-1 Ifition as greatly to diminish the necessity of any conernmont, in order to correct the unsoundness of the siderable issue ot 1 reasury notes. A restraint upon one, and as far as practicable the inequalities of the the amount of private,deposits, has seemed to be indieother. No country can be in the enjoyment of its full penanhjy npoewary, from an apprehension tmntght to measure of prosperity, without the presence of a medi- 'J®

um of exchange, approximating to uniformity of value..) donee might be so far shsken in the banks, ss to indues What is necessary as between the different nations of 1 a withdrawal from them of private deposits, with a the earth: also important as between tho inliabi-

ts nts of different pirtsof the st me country with the •"w'1 wil'1

V|ew

first the precious mutuls constitute thech'ef medium of: nentlj disastrous to the State Banks. Is it olnected, ...

his researches could only lead him to conclude, that the oiher reported^ cases and thereby avoids all con paper avsteiu had probably better never hnve been in- I fl,c' wt'h 1 late jurisdiction, which I hold to be indis* troduoed, and that society might hnve been much hap- penwbly repiiisuc. It leaves the banking privileges of pier without it. The practical atstesman hat a vcfry the States without interference!! opks to theTreasury different task to perform. He ha%to look at things as hnd the llnlon^ and, while they are^-totake tliem as he finds them—to supply do ficiencea snd. to prune excesses as far na in him Nes The task of furnishing a corrective for derangements of the paper medium with us, is almost inexpressibly great. The power exerted bv tbe States to charter banking corporations, and which, having been carried I to a great excess, has filled the country with, In most of the States, an irredeemable paper msdium, is an ovil which, in some wav or other, requires a corrective. The rates at which hills of exchange are -negotiated between different parts of the country. furnisWan index of the value of the local substitute for gold and silver, which is, in ninny parts, solar depreciated, as not to he received, except at a largo discount, in pavment of debts, or in the purchase of produce- It could earnestly be desired that every bank, not possessing the means of resumption, should follow the example of the lats United States hank of Pennsylvania, and go inio liquidation, rather than by refusing to do so to continue embarrassments in the way of solvent institutions,

thereby augmenting the difficulties incident to the pre- cofrol over the public monies, other than what ia insent condition of things. Whether this Government, dispensahly necessary to execute laws which you may with dne regard to the rights of the States, has nnv power to constrain the banks, either to rcsum- specie payments, or to force them into liquidation, isnn in-

uiry which will not fail to claim your consideration. view of the groat advsntages which are allowed the corporators not among the least of which is the authority contained in most of their charters, to mnke loans to three times the amount of their capital, thereof iv in re a in re he same amount of money as any individual is permitted the de^hts thus contracted the States sre alone responsiby law to receive, no aufficient apology can he urged 1 c*n do no more than express the belief thai ior along continued suspension or specie payments.— each Sta'e will feel itself bound by every considersr Such suspension is productive of the greatest detriment

It propose* by eflbetnal restraints snd by

invoking the true spirit of oar institatioas, torssperate the parse from the swovd: or more propsriy to spssk, sny other control to ths President over ths is who nasy be selected to csrry it into execution, what msy be indispensably nernsary to secure the fidelity of sae» sgents, sad, hy wise regulsiions, keeps pisiniyspari from each other, private andpublic funda It contemptstcs tbs estabiiohmaBi *f a Board of Con-

trol, st th* Ssat of Government, with jfr at prominent com menial psnits, or wfasrsv* else Con

t'on

1CJP!

-mf

jBK

TW jp" 4T"

gress shall direct, for th* sal of th* pablie moai**, and a substitution, tt th* option of th* pcMis cwditcr, sfTreasary Kot« in li«« of

not toexased il&,00(M>00—without th* exfthelcgwatifre

MBSiMBctioaofthelefidatitepowsr. _lt alaosuthor-" tseS th4 receipt of individual deposits or gold and silver to a limited *monnt, and the granting certificates of deposit, divided into such sums as may be called for by the depositors. It porc«eds a step further, and authorizes the purchase and sale of Domestic Bills snd Drafts, resting on a real or snhstsniial basis, payable st sight, or having but a short time to run, and drawn on places not lets than one hundred miles sp*rt—which authority except ia so for as may he neccssary for Gov-. ernmeiH purposes exclusively, is only to oe exerted upon express condition tbst its exercise shall not ha prohibited by the Slate in which the agancy is ntoatad.

In order to cover th* expense* incident to the plan, it will be authorized to receive moderate premiums for cetificates issued on deposits, snd on bills bought and sold, and thus, as far as its dealings extend, to furnish Jacitities to commercial intercoms* at the lowest possible rates, and to supduct from the earnings of industry, the least possible sum. It ases the Ststs Baj&s at a distance form the agencies, as auxiliaries, without imparting any power to trade in its nam#,— It is sttUected to such gtisrds sad restraints ss hsv* appeared to he necessary. It is tbe creator* of law, andf^tists only a: the pleasure of the legislature. It is made to rest on an actual sped* basis. In ord*r to re-

deem the notes at the places of issue—produces no dangerous redundency pf circulstioa—affords IJO

tempta

tion to' specula tors—is attended with noinflajion of priccs—is equsl in its operation—makes the Treasury Notes, wbicn it may use slong with ths eertificatee of deposit, and the notee of specie paying hanks, conveftible st the place where collected, receivable in payment of Government dues-and without violating any principle of the Cpnetitutioa, sfbrds the Government and the people such facilities as are called why the wants of both. S»ch it haa appesred to ms, are its remmmendatfons, and in view of them, it will be Sub* mitted when crer jrou may .require it, to your conid a A am no a to iv a ha an a an an id Objection can tint

be urged Sfeainat the, principl* out*' have this presented. I cannot doubt, ?es whiipi it proposes to furnish. at th*

ines ofNwhich I but" that the note voluntary option of th,* public creditor, issued in lieu of the revenue and its certificates of deposit, will b* maintained at an equality with gold and eilver every where. They are redeemable in gold and ailver on demand at the places of issue. They are receivable every where in payment of Government dues. The treasury notes are limited to an amount one-fourth less than the estimated annual receipts of the Treasury and in addition, they teat upon the faitfi of the Government tor their redemption. If all these asMirances are not sufficient to make them available, the idea as it seem* tn me, of furnishing a sound paper medium of exchanges mav be entirely abandoned.

If a fear be indulged, that Government may be tempt-, ed to run into exccss in its issues, at any future day, it seems to me that no such apprehension can reasonably be entertained, until all confidence in the representatives of the Statee and of the people, as well as of th* people themselves shall be lost. The weightiest consul era lions of policy require that the restraints now nroposed to be thrown around the measure, should not, for light causcs, be removed. To argue against any proposed plan, its liability to possible abuse, is to reject every expedient, since every tiling dependent on human action, is liable to abuse. Fifteen millions of Treasury notes may be issued as the maximum, but discretionary power is to he given to the Board of Control tinder that sum. and every consideration will unite in leading them to feel their way with cahtion. For the first eight yeara of ihe exiatence of the late Bank of the United States, its circulation barely exceeded $4,000,00(7 and

the firrt, ii careful of thd interests of the' fast. But above all, it is crested by Isw. is amenable by lswvand is repMilahie by law and wedded ss I am to no theory, but looking solely tn the advsncement of die public good. I shall be amongst the very first to urge its rajjeal, il he found not to subserve the purposes snd objects for which it mny be created. Nor will the plan he submitted in any overweening confidence, in the sufficiency of my own judgment, but with much gfester reliance on the wiadom and patriotism of Congress. I cannot abandon this subject without urging upon you, in the most emphatic manner, whatever tnav be your action on the suggestions which 1 hsve felt it to he my duty to submit, tn relieve the Chief Executive Magistrate by any and all constitutional mesne, from controlling power over the public treasury. If, in th* plan proposed, should you deem it worthy of your consideration, that separation is not as complete ns you may desire, you will, doubtless, smend it in that particular. For myself, I disclaim sll desire to have sny

pass Nor ctn I fail to advert in tliisconneotion, to the del) t» which many of the States of the Union hsve contracted abroad, and under which they contlnuo to labor. Thnt indebtedness amounts to a sum not less then 200 000 000, snd which has been retributed to them, for the most part, in works of internal improvements, which are destin^rlo prove of vast Importance in uitai* mately advancing their prosperity snd weslth. For

°f honor, as welj ss ofjnterest, to meet its

From the report of the Secetsrv of Wsr.snd other reports accompanying it, yon will bs informed of ths progress which bss been made ia the fortifications de-

signed for the protection of our principsl cities, roadIan tlw utei 1am ol the Executive wijf allow.

ds and inland frontier, during ilw.present year together with their true stats and eenuition. Tbej will be prosecuted to completion with sll the expedi-

I recommcnd pshicqjar to your consideration, that portion of the Hecetary1* report which proposes tbe establishment of the chsin of miliisry posts, from Council Bluffs to soma point on the Pacific Ocean, within our limits. Ths benefit thereby designedtoaecrue to our citizens engaged in tbs fur trade, over thst wilderness region, sdded to the importsncs of cultivain re on

responsibility

S, TV

f°r ?ve Jf081 prosperous years, it was about equal

founded, that in an emergency of trade, conft-

to ensure their unquestionable safety when depo

,',e

Government, wmch mightpmve.enn-

that it is proposed to authorize the sgenciesto deal in

bills ol exchange? It is nnswored* that such dealings are to he carried on at the lowest possible premium— are made to reat on an unquestionably sound bssia— are designed to reimburse merely the expenses which would otherwise devolve upon the Treasury, and ars in strict subordination to the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of the Bink of Augusta ngninst Earle,

a. .V ft. IN

v-3

4 'f

.!• (f ii

engagee*i

ments th punctuality. The failure, however, of anjr one S'ate to do so, sbsuld in no degree sflect the credit of the rest: snd the foreign capitalists will have no just cause to experience alarm as to ths other States stocks because anyone or more 01 ths States msy neglect to provide with punctuslity the mesnsof redeeming their engagements. Even such Ststesshould there be any, considering the great rapidity with which their resources are developing thSmselves, will not (ail to hsve the means, st no very distsnt day to redeem their obligstion to the uttermost fortbing nor will I doubt but that In view of thst honorable oondnst which hss evermore governed the States, and ths People of this Union, they will each and all resort toevery legitimate expedient, before tbey will forego a faithful compliance with their obligations.

a a be in ha it in it

snd at the asms time of giving proiec'ion to otsr fronof he an intercourse between the Amsncan sylleaients at tfaa month of the Columbia over, and those on thts Mde of the Rocky Moumsins, would seem portsnce of csrrying Into effect tlw riMUufrUtom upon ibis bftd with lull# V0 pvtfc-

tMTbe"report

of the Secetsry of the Ws^.yH^aheo

you in poeeseion of tbe present Condi tiba of ths important srm of the nations! defence. Every effort will be made to add to His efBciest, and I esaao too nroaglr arge upon yoa, liberal *pnropriatk4s to thst breach of tbe pablie service, ladsesssssts of ths weightiest character exist for tho adoption of this coarse of poiley. Oar extended and oth*rwis* *spos*d flssriiime frontier, caHs for pwHsctloa, to th* faTatshiog of which a* rfkhst aaval fores is ladispeaasbis. We look lo no hrmgn co*qn*st*. nor down prspow to**u« into comptitioa with aay other aatioa for saprenwey oa the Ocess—bat it is da* not oaly to ths honor, b«t toth« sscurity of ths People of tb« sited Stetas. thai no aatioa tfcoald ha psrmitted to isvsde oar waters *t plsssers, sad sabiectoar tawas aad villagss to rwnflsgraiion sad pin***. Esoaossy ia all breaches of th* pablie semes, isdae frost alt tbe pablie sgsats to the people bat psirsissoay aloae woald suggest the withholdtag ofAs sicsmsry mesas for ths pcotectioe of oar dosMMic tr*Mdes froa iavasi**, and oar n*t«o*al honor Awn diagrac*. I woald ssost ears-

aad peoaipt *qaipas*at of that gsllaat lt«vy, which has, ^lightsd up sverv aea with its victoffi**, sad spread a* impswshibls glory over the Coaatry. the report oi th* FMtaatat ^eaerrf wifl elawa yoar psnicalsr attsati—. th» y*la*hla ssgfstif*s which it«s«f»Nw. al^IfSl

Mi m-

if: