Vincennes Gazette, Volume 10, Number 29, Vincennes, Knox County, 24 December 1840 — Page 2

f?f 1 fU rb?l" .e?r.(i"f, cn-i .;'yf "A f,prese'i';if.ivt: It ;Ttnii the ehat!:i of th i -rrt with vbi-h I t-M i-fed. I find iiivn'i! rv'paired. v "niJer!U.s;i ! the :.-. t yrrv.'. eh jrarter, u iaie tn i6a I iiUm t.o a respec'ui' those ojtio-ia of State po.lcy 'hn h a:v l.cj;t ao'a? lis th p..V- mi-iJ. A sute of tfi;.n- i.- prtfeui-r-j nt;rdy i.-.ro.u -ipaie ! in the K-gi: Utt-iu of the pre ion i to th; !-t. Th" vsttn of interI.nprov. i-;-'s nl.ij-teJ f ur year einre, ha riot prospered v was expected by it- fVin I?. It U now pron.ra'.e !, and the people find themselves Vi -"r; ;j g- under the complicated emb arrassmeii's of 'fct cUietrou result, an. I feel and express th a mtc.isc -mxiety rc-'pectlng the made .f relit 1 .h:-h r.v.y he adopted. A.-ti.ig in .-v-corJa-ice "U'h the p-vrvi -.uh whi-.-h -e are respectively ctuheJ t;y tho Constitution, it now devolves up--! i to camm'.'.. together, and vou to propose Fitch

lit linen, ran prtjtior '.- j .f r o n. ..ir'ainr lit teqaii-s, at th,- pr.wnit r i, -..-!.. 7 ,leM"'10"l '''" r-t ahmt fourteen m;,'li m of Jporatims cea--e.J jii !!w nnh.'io tv hi .Au?ut, with .-omeetcepnonMnJ r.i wt - n- c-n:rrt,;:i hue t t-ei ii aurit'iUertvl I . t:-..-'I'e. tr.Jtr the act of V . . . . .fi i-i.n. iUinoriTi.-irr w i : c l"; rf, n 'i proviJinj for the cvrei,ni-.t;rtn J inDr:,-i r ,, the ;j-ik' of t-enjrv note. 1 i Junii 10 thiK.no prrLU ;;, nv! hv the ?-'. Lcgis.tarc to ,-ythc t:iUret 01 tho Stale M it.iatreJ tcr IntVnu Fmpro.e::K i;t.-. '.c'i I.?uij the situ,tio:i of our puhhe work , ""era. inost !!r;..utin en v:riei n . pieentoa l'!0.'l. .hTI ;v.i i:i.!iT!itr thn i-l i'vip..-.n 5oroti'i;i a i r irnr'. '.i of the l them n'irc'v ; ,ir -h .',1 : adt 01 i '. orn- mo h;i.. pi an of ope ntion within the " -'J r-'nourcc- ct' tho Stare ? Their pr,.e--''u "ti?ia.t:iy ecnterMr.iatc !. w id be se--' t-ri- , at t'li ti n. hy nn one it a!! ,-a:i-u;)''! 'vuh -ok c-n hri-ci, an 1 the eiteot of our ! Su di i eo ir.io :vvi'd he the psuttio 'f fJ!v. A ui, o;i the r,h.r ha:i !. their entire " " - ' ' e ..:: '. the ufer ! of" the larc ,-'? '--e-. 'v ex:.--:!l..,l. won! I sear'ecly h, '' r:j;-,ous i t r, , i-.-ncen to -Tir credit a'H tM-'aare-j me . h )'.t a-n re-i, ! , the ;:r,11( u -f.'f ..i v-. 'f r -t ' o - i . , ,: .u.. ... . . . . j .h, .!., ; i , : s r i j jc ' l '11 . Tnn l',insV etc a to no cmharraso,.?.H. U-at lopt what conre yon Fay. yon w nit nt I ibort rrim:ui ..i., .. . .c. . , .... i iption of t hos- tties'tires which will enihle the la'.e to roalu- tl ! .rcest a.n uat from the su:a .re c i peri ..i, i e .r the h't .es-ivelv on i ;f ; j; c,i.. i at :.ie ,-anie tntio stutaic. hef charrter J credit o.r.dor .K'-:i-r.inej-.. T at- ) thin r-i-i'.t. I '.v,,ii 1 earnest- rco:;vren.l l n-Ui.-Ov J, 'V10 i ;--..! t . .i i .... ,! h" original ys?ii. se. n'Utir..; 'he -. !. !c .-f tho work- t- the ci'ttriil s-rriei'i . . repeeN their aJv i-'tg-. the tVidty of tlv.:r coi-ipieUoa, a-i.t t lCic present a eture ceil, A r. proi0'i slvoi;, rude to prot-ct ta-i wcrn tron injury and uccav. At thfi pr-per tiitv, h-t a pa t .( them ! taken p .".! ;! tislieJ, ai :hj i-cert ine l means an.! Joyces of ih" hi", ite witl rn'e us. Let those we rit he eie te-J w!;i h ari he e.-pp!e,-.J with lei"' cr-'t'.-T. an.i which w.i yieid the .it. .t smti.:! o! '-J'.e'ii). . a;; I he of t'v '-, -)-t i.Hino II. e .siate, eonsKierej wim reference to' 1 t I ! i. r . their r. 'ite.-.t ir. J aetu ! cot. The terms of i! tins r; ..:) uti c-i cu i i ct neil -ii iej, .in.; naveo i-on pri.iciples of ihu nwit riid economy. Th ':' c; ".oik. t" pr.-..eiited, an.l the a n ou it f m ",c y t- "xpe),!e h ought to b- il.-fuutt :y ,--.-:::r:c loavi'ttr nothing t' the .1'. -cre'ien of tl.e PairJ of Puhhe V'oik-, exe. pt the mere .itt.ii!-. This i-l p'ac th- w ho! -a resp"nit.iiity upon lha i.n nediate re pr.-eiit;i'.!v.-i of tho people, an-1 pro-:.-t them from the vi'.s .if t'.:r t leUl itian which i.-.oirecty screen the c riJcct of pui.he othce's ('ct the corrective action cf the ballot bax. Bv prn I'-nt adhercn. tht; 1 i' ir an.'. ; r."t he Siiv.-.l troi-i to o ar.ii Te-t-oiin z ' e to th peho-ip! althoiitrh J .1." y aei et ' i--s, s'hl. "hi i-' St O fro"..'. ex p-ov-ieo. e loi may h.- '.lone cr p e-ent lii'i. Thete are manv wh cr.'a l the preM euti"n o' a, the works, anil to prevent this., they i;ii-U up on the utter protrjtio.i ! tie- vsh.c such a! Ml!t.. :i fitlKVS tie. I ..., '.LCU.-lll-.l l -' i:3- I 1 ite.l .. .

t,-i tipon u, the c-y evds s . iir.i -h ! -preeated. lhe''- ail ius. The trust reposed in you.j whole tnnst be regarded as held in trust by As the ti nes n- -v are. it -i! 1 tp-t h- .ii.hc-.ih to j require at vour hand', tb.at as honest men the (Jeiu-ral (iovernmen', fr tlicir comprrveiu their further f .;res. But wh.-n jyouwiil do die best that circumstances man benefit, hs-.ce ?h:dl cvttc fv the he'tcr. th-sirae ce-o-j.;., ern)iu (..1I1SiS.,.;1:jv widith honor The proceeds of these lands were snetiuatian cf did.-rent interests whica !e 1 to th.-ir 1 . ' ... ... . .l (,,n, frt Un nn.,ll,l Il,n

c.-mnieiice:nent. will projuee ihe reaewal of their p t CCUtl ll. .vo l if tie- t-on in it-, preser,t eitri,t, could n.u co. 11:11 iri I f r:o enouah t- put U as iiti in progress, its fiien.'..-. rather tliia uhatiJo 1 it a together, w.ml ! un' ...... itatingiv a hi iit.o r 1 w jiks, ana ta js it mum c-e oroti-eat :uc noon . ... . '1.1 , i 1 a m -re oppr s-ie fr:n th 1 1 at )i:t. Tlie 'iue.-'ioii ii nv.T iiihmttte ! t lac c.va I ':!! tc ! ;e of S ?-"i. t.iose .ed to the s t.;ai as proeete. in whether il is ml the pait of p. -piencc, when it is prostrate, to join in sethi.: a plan tor iu m ).h:ic ation and re.-trictio-i, whi.-'i will at once put an 1 I t a a!! o'dier qtiesti tn r.-p:-c!i-i the tn inner of it- : rosecuuon. A a measure of relief, die plin of cliin?r out thj public works, m their present conJitioo. t.j companies, has reen ireueniiy snje-Jiwc. 1 lie proposition is plausible ; hut ii the r even a prahilttv that .any body of capitalists can he found, ho 'wiil take our w .rks on such terms as will nuder the stock preihable to them, and, at the ame time, be safe and advantageous to tho State' All who understand the subject, know well, that t ie value of public improvements does not de-p-pend alone upon tha amount of tolls which may tt collected. The facilities furnished for the transnjii-don of the surplus productions of th" country to 1:1 a 1 lot, the cheapness of troight, the increase iu the value of property, an.l the additi in.il sthnulous to trade and commerce, are some oi the important advantages which are secure 1 by j idicious improvement--. To m ike them pro iucfivo of revenue. Ii'vnil the common interest of the n jrjv expanded upon them, would, eeneral'y, 50 riuch increase the cost of transportation! 1a tleiat ot f the primary objecls of their constructor:. A work ut great advantage o

f.ctto i of .-. u.itry through which it putt, n.t

et notyie.d aeh an amount, in the ro!lrrti.:i of ioi!.. m ta mduro rr.on.e,! men to invc the.r capita, ,n u,a an cI(N t,,W. And fcrmore. c.aitah8 are twecamg iviili-ju" tu the ime-t-i-.ont u! 'money in project of ihin ch u icti .. s.vijtei clothed ivith corporate privilc y Je.iounceJ -Altai!! the Ust few Such he vu. r rmu .1 1 -iTO' i;iiiri ni...Iie-'. .n ist'CJT th' ir ;hi,"--"r-f"i-d.-.aocratio in their lonen.-ies. r.t caiematf.i to 5-ibvert thf-e rrin--..,1., .rS:oK i , , cipes watch lie at the touml ttMri ot our orm f

r,ov, r:nie:.t. 'I he i. ctrine i f v.-'ov! risi'au, exist- Wt'n;"cing with tclVrc-nee to iho-e in.-:i.u:io:is. l.evon.! (:?:icta! cnactrn granting discret'.o u:i!i;r.iu.I control vT c i.cu-lature, has Wen, tiouarv Uivrs to pu!)llc ofiiefrs, are cal-

.1 I: y r- ) liatrd. n.lrr suei Cliv. a.:. ;t::;ees. me a eon.u t-.ot e.;-;!y W !.y;n I to mV': r ' u'l!' u' J1" , Itr'11 where ' liij; nn-lil ill vi:hj(bj.::'Ut n -1 witu the t'U.-l:o'd ot the tcontrv . crjf Jc'.ail-i of it tr.r i !o no v;l 1, . a.oi coin-acrcc. h ,vevcr. to t.e und rst'.nj ohv. .'.Ir-i 't ivi.'i. f t . ... ihe f.. w.t. I . power shoi:M Iwf' rest-rveil, of exerci'ing a strict IavMuUhv over a!' tiit-ir operation. anJ no fitr eon- - 'hng toem us to prevent tho i action of etee.t ' 'l. anil the opening or et;in ihae avcn.UOi "I w' i ""-t mi4ht dictate. And "v; ad. the most uri.Joubtea ,,.euritv should he re.pnroJ, to kave tho .tate harmless", to the fili euent of t" terms a-reed lino.,. Much r-.-i.iti.-.,. m uocMry, least the resu t may ln,;re.-e the burdens which are nov hir'r j-h en neavily uoon us. ic responsible companies can he inii jee.i to talce the wo.ksoff o"u haiiJ3rit!i proper conditions and 'restrictions, the StAe eau well atlhrii to -,'rai.t thy most liberal termr" payment. - A delicatei qfteslion prc-scnt itself in examininc how the fait1 of the State was left, .luring the present year, to the caroof her nsca! asient. without the requisite legislative a-ist nice. Vear helore ht, a tax wsi IcvicJ. of thirtv t huii'.Jre I do'lars, of lie"g'rat,(i aenien, f. r the 1 p iv .i -:it f f tht nit, o(.,t on the deht create.! for In- ' " i.iipr.riv'it-. I.a-t viArr t.u w a s t ei ;n to tii.een ernt-. iff i i j :eM !ia I. vc.i eniarci from tiTWtprevs.nis ve.-.r I wii onount of revenue, inchr -he po.l t ix. 1. ...... , ..ii . .-. ;.-.. -.iry Kpiv trie cur-n-csif tho ."r-'tate governni.-r.t, will f;i i.-hn , !,,... - t.-.2 -t rct.t ex: f.r sh r ol i' il.ig toe int. rr5t i:o o.vc. looking m : y lo thov; shift's ami nts cai-ul t-d to fscurj present e )ci l ; ori.t.antv r may r.s.v sucli a coirse; but it pay e p irt nj w. . It. T . I i'.-i.uiu i.cji. insr I' u v.isc:iar jm j oar luil-ddie r auad V. th?V are sutu-rcd io accumuUic; U-rn roi the taxes are ies-enc-il ami the interest 3 o h" hrnohis vear. 'iifl a-uourt " .'r.s v:.g inter st, ii left : le i rrin--i'ii, wr to the r.vr i tl "U ''a-'.., I . " ' i wiitcu ue .menus to -pay , tts.' is r.s ( quid oionby regular tti5talment, as pr j lerahle to its a?cu:nulatt r.i at e uu poun.l inPTf U-henev-r it can bz avohh' !- It 's important that the pc.re - suo s iinportant that t t t disiia net: y uei-.jcrs.aiiu the re I s i dcrcd in this question. u r

respecting tnre. y tn3 re ..u-tioa c . eie . ostit goo l. the question Shall 'he iaiUtj' ' - '

an-1 chara-'tcr of Indiana : 1 s 1 1 : ' . c t . l o Fund f.'o:nmisK)ners. in ucvismg the f ihe means uhis v e that lie r the n n v rn e e t m'erest m t have done so in me oc - i i,...i;.f iii i'ature would ratify their run ceei t ; igs. a l r s'at-.' t i prevent UiC recurrence oi a son' ! lliinrrs. ciioiinl you l. i, vo -r tin'meiliate j fi'.v the e:m. v predece-'or-', it mast be regatdm solemn d r crmin ation ff th.'' st she will ;i t pjv her debts. To as mewo.il. 1 -Oat s'.ani on oher cm. r.iZ d.ai and! our name couid never be eifc a reruoach and a WOi e must di har-ry our none ubili'ies wilh the moi pimctua'itv. To do this, req-ii of diose to w h m the desiini js e the state aro conttdu, tne lirmness u men loo.urig n . a l that popularity which passes away w ith fie ec to he; a-ion t n y .ii u; u ha! i s on 'in, luil ! true interests and presp i'.v, ati.l j l o r d i ji lho:j means wid end ire me s-ertitiuv' o: li inorabie mind. Tha ; every fair ami ia'.e co:n?s to van mv.. 0 ;n t.u tunic n! 1 . ; .-. 1 neoeo. a fillv aware of the condition of j .;..w . 1 .un u viiu m.i.c, a.iii 10 t. . 1 1 1:1 -v, .n this lima 1 i-..:n provulutg the means tor meeting her oblig.t dons, would be disti listing the iioncstv an.l ir.u.Uijence of the ( ,1 Much individual indebtedness was created il;i ri n jt the nroorcss of the works of Internal improvement. hen operations ceased in ic. I'd, and prices fell at the same tun.', the people were lelt, in a great measure, without thariea.jsof command ing monev to pay their debts Should l iovMcncc lUess us wim irnitiiu seasons, h? indusirv at! fcno;uy now exer-ti-:ed. and the caution with vhich ncv tie bis are co.ur -icted. will enable them to f.ee themselves of individual embarrassment by the close of the year 1 8 12. Until this shall be the cae, it may ba found trvtpedieni to resort to full taxation. While seeking to discharge tha interest we owe, by the sound an 1 legitimate mode of drawing on our own resources, our citizens should be favored as much as 11 1 f r t possible, until the presure cf their own debts shall be removed. If the legisla ture can provide ihe means of meeting the interest on the state debt, fir two years, without increasing tiie rate of taxation beyond the reasonable ability of the people, they will then be in a much better situation to meet all necessary demands upon therrj; and no one, acquaint-

Cl with theii true character, will denv that

Utev po-.sess the patriotism to dose, for the ' of f.t3i(III1? the honor' and in- , - R " Wi,ion ,houJ be - , , . , . , - nirtds by law fiT pplyin g any defttier!cy wh'cli in. iv occur in the revctt'ic, in order that the ialcreft may bo paid H S 1 1 I ill d-.:c. by ijaortiiv' to s;:ch eources of rc In I a mav occur, or to Uiose whuM hive Pen E.ls,ted hv nV predecessor, so far a 3 ' . c' , , r , rK 'hfv inav be hiaiid expedient or prae , , ' 1 CUi.l! .! to ilck-a; tin: ; with which t!i. - . legislature ;n constituted. l,)o!i-i j? tl) tie past I felt it isiv dut to recom'Ucnd thaleverv tiling rv : 1 1 1 it ii lin a'arri an. ooiig itioui ef the state, aad ef the interest accruing on r .ed '.v !-.;. er i U'l l.ii a i: : c . ' I : . i ; .i '.a'.r. Ul ; r c o . n oi U aav c ciedti of ihe state should be established on 1 suct a i,P,n basis that no emergency could inree us into m i..nnsai ol our bo"m fr Ie? tlian their par amoo... Your attention is also solicui t() lje unequal asacssm-'nts of real estate in a. tiiiterent counties, with a view ot providiiiiT for tlicir equalization. ( )fiicers not !jv--i1 tri any correspondence with each other, must necessarily make vrrv diiferr:t: erumatcs of lanls w!i',c!i are eetial in valti". Some a'.terati.in of thf law ii nc-ce-ary on another ground. Tlie counties which are to reap the advantage-! to be derived from the public work?, on "lit m justics berequircd to su-tain an amount ol taxation bearing a more equitable proportion tr thoso nd. ant;f s, than will be fo'ind to !e tie cas;? under the practical opcraiioa of trie cxistuu; i nv. 'I'iie payment of our state debt is looked upon by some as almost impossible. 1 he public works vield but Hide pro .i " i .ailin ineir untr . : '. i. we not expect : can pro"':, nros-ecioi'M jiinroiif r- hiit o ; r . u-rec.ei -r t ::ti , t ic OCCl your hi o of , hii ,op!y '.- this it v rnc-e'.v, b a ma -r ' .- Li r s-t :3 as i. Onj.iw.iV !-r,T. :-;o ; of w:!-.f ).Ci e, e n n - 1) : r it ; ; !'i -ri xtent.ins" : a'.i n. I' ' : , exii.-c :tV-!. ma". v stiijf e currcd rxr' ux i: I' the paip.--OI adjusi.ng .. ., . '.. j ..i .. .' -j th j ! a--e. r. o - .u., :.. . : ; ro .-e iiber-Ge-.i-al On)cl h. -, I 7 c i- ; -)".r' iO 1 I-OIC! U . ' I o .... . . eminent. On ih- ln.h. jr;ss e n c '.f: i "tie:', ian i- -.viio-ht te ; h' i " 1 1 1 i t'j die U. S.1 i f .'oni muii r reecet'o, ' oi i; e esi if d iXth i-f-r. previous, shotio r the ceumion bene . And a-ce.rd!ee!'-, i 1 - ,1 efi V'e t J sl.itt -s rn f. tiit:;: r;:an'-ro,.ti .,e . iau lor this purpose. V'irgtuu, tluui o i .ting all the territory now comprised in the stales of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and i)!Srn. an ; tiic l ern'"rv oi isconi;i, tocomp'.utetj its lowing condiiion. w cession m t:;e Imi i c ! i is s ubstaatiail v the same with the terms of all the odier :t c. -0 I Him "ahad con- - ' - - fund for the use and . . the U. 3. as have beecome members of the federal alii nice of the ia inclusive, 3rcord,in ; aectivo proportions, in tna general eti irn and expenditure, and ahuii Or. f nil. 'ifiri ft and lurut-jllr di$p tscd of for that purpo-tr and f : r no othrr irsr or piirpiir. M'.'m 'f rr;" Another portion of the public lands lay within i ei ii-i,ma, ptircna-cu nom r ranee, ano .uo i itrnt.1', purcn.i cu ironi com.

vliichlFron ;!i- terms of the several ees-i-ans, and

the manner in T!.:r!i the lands procured fiom France and Sp.-tin were acquired. and paid for bv the common Treasury of the .states, in their federate capacity, .t ic O""; - ' ' "r I '- payment of the national debt, which was finally discharged in the Y"tr 1-0-?. As so-an as this was accompli-4d, a controversy arose immediately as to w hat disposition should ha made of the public domain. It had been proposed to cede parts of it to the stales, within whose limits they are situated. To this the older states will not readily consent, and so far as respects the ceiled lands, it would be in direct violation of the terms of their cession. In the yeir a bill providing for the dis tribution of the proceeds of the public lands passed both Houses of Congress, but failed to receive the sanction of the President. It provided that the new states of Ohio. Indiana, Illinois, Alabama. Missouri, Mississippi and Louisiana, shuold receive twelve-and-a-half percent, on the nett proceeds arising from lands sold witlun those states respectively, after the ."51st day of December. 1So2. This was to be in addition to the five per cent, before reserved, making altogether, seventeen and a half per cent. The remaining sum was to be divided among the several stales in the r3iho of their federal representative population, according to the census of lSdO. The twelve-and-.a half per cent, was allowed on account of the constant and rapid increase of the pnpnl iUon of tinea states. This

'plan of distribution was to be continued i

in a v toree lor live years, except in case ef a war, wheu its operation wa to certsc. by the report of Mr. Wnitcomh. Com missioner of the General Land Office, laid before the Senate of t!ie United States, in comnliatice with i is.djthn calling l.?r inf rmation respectiner th pro-' portion of the nett proceeds of the public lands which each elate woutd have received tinder the distribution bill of 19.12, it appears that the whole amoti't realized

from the time the act would have Iak"ni''u d'-',vo ertin

tiT'.-.,. ,-. th.i 'iitt, ynn.om!,r i i i k3 . i it.x.v.., nn. "i tll lllt'li J"J iifiy-seven millions two hundred and twcntV ?evcn thousand live hundred and twenty hll?r3: and that the disribntion e.'iare ol Indiana, mcuulincj tue twejve-and-a-haif per cent, would have been two miilinn ix hundred an;! forty-nx tiioji.a .-f vn hundred and forty-four doii t average sum annually receivuu te would have amounted to five id twenty o'.ne thousand three d forty-eiht dollar!. action and graduation of the nubile lart ls, and projects I r ilj iStOtl in hOIHU tutu w. 'Hi;i, o : i - all of the slate-?, havj been .. kept before the people, with;i. . v a probability of the ad )ption f any i ihei.i. All 'this - time the lands have been sold utT rapidly, and this u-.e sum of money has been appropriated in numerous Instances, to o'jccis f at least questionable utility. It has been said that if the public lands are oiven directly to the Ftates they will be wasted: and ! . I . v-. l. , to... is holding them up for purposes ot plunder and s vsiematic fraud. If they are held by ihe General Government for the common benefit of the states, and for no other use or purpose whatever, it certainly is not wrong fir those state.-! to ask their appropriation in a manner that mu.-t be much more beneficial than any other disposition that can ba midc of tii cm H''S.dcs, if it were proper the question mi lit be pressed, wbeLhr is not as much danger 'VJ ir. tho J.n.lc lining wasted, of 'mis ',. ', , ' ,,, . of the ('ierjai'iri . . i ii.iiL.iiv .ij u . iiir v wlien s manv ol states, re- t. . nl nave tne stionre-it lncent.vs. Ani the pressure of their deb!?, to be prudent and tcononrcal in their application. It lias also been objected to the project of distribution, it it v. i cut prospect of graduatine a ; . i nt wliich th. or republic OS s ni'tv h : o s:, : "-"niter. 1 o tliis -' ' er- u tt.at r ;s jut as !!1 U -i '.heir hares much. ieato 7"aic3 to ob as.. i their renec;;ve f eu.lv 2 i! no. pos.iihic. V . 1 1 e 1 nor, o.,vj-eu pioe in a - -:. eeblic Ian.'- " 1 ...i.;, a hv unuc-r the :- w a u .1 . u - , .,- ... . . . .. .Km,n . f . eee .1 fi.r ' r.ioc.i '.o ; t; ; ! . J - .la-.i: i the i.eci' .pei.a'efj o! ivuusi-.-.a hit t'.c I 1 r ree: an. l'r!::s.; tide. cxtm'.iiih.'nent ot er '.- id, thee xp-jnse s oi uiir 1 )-i ! s-, item, is l..r c v -e-. ted ;! . L , i. k . ! tie? ; Lh'ie huid. and OTt propr;vty m .'euribuitil er.c.-e'- as been d.l thcr r x eoiditures. i tt t i n ' 'diC ;iroccr ' ecu cov .ssur )l;.g the f !-e premiser- that of the ? evrr.-.l states are not I the p:op'c- tho Ftiito.l States. The public domain has been paid for wilh the monsy of the people of ire states in their national character; ard if the (leneral CJttvernment ivm tiee from debt, as was the case when the distribution bill passed. J on account of the public huid.s or o'du r'.vise, no sufficient rea-on cm exist why such aa objection should be si.s'ained. -The fact that the revenue derived from the duties on foreign importations is i:tsuflicient to defray tl.3 ordinary expenses of the (ieneral (iovcrntiient, and the necessity of taking the proceeds of the- public lands to supply this deficiency, has been urg-1.! as a reason acr-finst ; n rd v i f 1 1 them to any other purpose. This has been produced bv the constantly diminishing rata of imposts, under the compromise act of lc-ohl. A tariff of duties sufficient to meet the expenditures of the (I'ovjrnmenl, it ia believed, by many cf the frirods of a protective system, if properly adjuster!, will afford adequate pivtc tion to A merican manufactures, enable Congress to dispose of the public lands for the benefit of the states and provide a steady and permanent maiket for tlie consumption of oar agricultural products. .-cbomes tor tne uisnosal ot j pUOilC r eater lands may be. deised, promising advantages to the steto of in hana; but it is extremely doubtfol w Ir-ther any plan can ho brought forw ard w hich will be as likelv to give general aatisfaclion. as one similar in its general character, to the distribution bill of 1S;12. At least, it is certainly better w hile the people of our state arc pressed down with (lie weight of their public debt, that we should avail ourselves of relief in this form, than by grasping at more, a i has been done, to lose all. Mr. Norvell from the committee of the v. S. Senate, to which w as referred Mr. Calhoun's land bill, made a report on tlie 13th of May, IS 10, from w hich the following extract is taken, to exhibit the quantity of unappropriated lands, tlie proceeds of w liich may still he made subject to distribution. ''It appear"," says tho committee, 4,fro:n a report of tho Commissioner of tlie General Land Office, (see doc. 46, 3d session, 23 th CVr.greas,) that the whole quantity in acres of the public domain on the 30th of September. 1S3S. to w hich the Indian title was not extinguished, amounted to seven hundred and sixty-six millions, in round numbers. There was at the sama time, as appears by tho same report in the states and territories, three hundred and ninete.-n millions of acres, to which the Indian title was extinguished; making tho

v. hole public domain in tho aggregate at

ae tune, " ten ivunurou r.nu ei;g.u u ' mill ions of acre?; from which i.taut five mi Ilk of acres may he deducted for ?6it:s sitice made, leaving now al-out ten hundred and eighty millions of acres." The eorreetne-3 of this report will net doubted. In e quanti IV and ?o Id since it was mau'.: in .vjay .asc, i.nn ji:rchajed from the Ind'ans since tho UOtti of tfeptemher, 18'18. are no; FuiHeient to affect, mate rial! v, any calculation baaed en quaiito". At the oi.j would v r o .j c u t m in i in u m urice JJ--- " urintr t .irceeii nuinirfo una oi.v aiiuieni of dollars. Xo one, however, can determine with accuracy the average amount opt acre, for which thev can be sold, nor the probable co.: ot twtmai-vnn the In dian title. But there can bo little doubt . . . . . . i . . i uu'e estimate, to public omain can be disposed of af ,l,c e u.c crntT er ave l.'t -tovor.t-. re. :n.i th.-.r the. whcle Indian ciauno can he obtained at the cos! ol Jwenty-nve per centum -on their, value, at one dollar tnd twenty-five cent pr are. The seven hu:t Ired :.:. ! .-i"ty-six rniUioii? of Indian 'rul.u at sfventv-tive e"i:ta per acre, would be wonn n v. i,ond red r.nd seventy-four m"dii.ns live hundred thousand chjllors. D-'dactlnt; from th"i3 amount, twenty-live p.u- centum of tho Con.;re3 price, making two humlrod and thirty-nine millions three hundred and seventy-five thou if nd dollars a-j tlio a-.un necessary t extinguish the Indian title, leaves the nett orooeed-3 at three hundred and thirty-five mVdions one hundroU an i twenty-noe i I'.o-o'ri uoitan. Then te.kinir from the three hen Ired and !i'uvt"en niil'.ionsof acre already .paired, lie millioni. a r!;e quantity sold sin?e the d.Oi'i of S-ph-mr, 18:1s. there remain fur !,:' I r I rul fourteen mdli-uis of noro-a. w h: .s.-vev u c rem ptr acre. woind pnxiuee . , ' ; l.v J1 . .. ! . .. hundred tnoa'e.nd do h rs. ni'.dion-j iii. . ,. rr ...i;oi:nt. a Id-. a tae preee.. Her e-t .10 1 u rie! tmrtv-nve t!:e imtnenae .s oi live hnnan.: t -x i ' I... . i.-::, v -;i e millions sit tmnurf-, i" . ..-ii- - , . . : ' i .-.ty-iive thousand dollars." 'which ,i;.. ( A nire the J Tesont.'ttioii ol t-.s i" i .' ingress aa the bai e: .u--"!ri;(;;-:i ..n ui i t,:.u un lor v appCTtl- eitipuU whi;-n wd! !' n:; do according t 1 trie eens as of IS 10, v.. e.hflll have t .--!-. r,i.r. s---n; a - ... if v i i naeoh'T rt-iii-.vinr.i . at t.vo hundre our iiele nation .! and t.e will le i: two, M f undar orooirti ci to aav oiner uu a-ioo i.) it Wi ma l our distt-mutive aaare to he t w e n t v -e 1 gn t 1 1 : ; 1 1 .o: : a two hundp-d and ninet v-fivo thousand f-.ur bitndre i and fif:r dollars This calculation rer-t3 on on that t.ie :x)pulat:oii i tne t.-.ti Jhu InI" tiaill i.'ie MlilK. 'o increas- lar :na :e iy !U teun .ii J manv of i u .. ear". l:r te'v f -. ,. :.: -i. oi .... lT 1 ... l 1 . me.kiit- ith.-ra! UiLl -eater sum A f : ' u :jc33 to eovr - ;vation., I thin on the a mot.: nt w -.!! deti n.ue.i r:u: ' we may 'ef-.-''. s.'-t lieli n.: v he derived aoy tica state, at rhirt million - of d- 'ilar u riuo se.m ouidit ne t tu iv. ai irdde anv tied action on a T ount ef the p i -n of the surplus revenue1 w meri w .o li.e.'c ; eo--1 c t , as there cmi be. 11. vo'i obp'Otiuii to its heino; retained. 011 the amount to w hich w e Would have b ieei: f Utile iiii'-r toe ui.'tribrtion bill of Il .'1 scheme sate factum! y ai ..-t rib' n ion d iu .".ueh !); :-!'.-bh 1 ere tu.e ii.ann.r Vl- t t'u.s tlie pavdedgo "it ndgijt be af;--r, for t. or for siabiiit that th l. il l .s. e state v ' -II ! 1 a appl e it.i ;,r' i: 1 1 . . r.i t her c -rent debt-', an urity for s.neh d-hi MS 1 .. bumu la iutiiei' ir .-es.-ary work s toe. I It it-. . oi tiier pur o?e aa- e.mr w nib! place the credit ef t!) on a i ves on 'terneui'-nt totindation, l:g 1 teT : i toe people, and turn:.'!i tne. nif a, ti,t us f.r the be m.' fit of ral promonios; liberal provision for the com. nop schools, and the gen i'1 fion ol education important to f r s tier this subject before Conr-eas at as carl. uny as practicable, with ms-truetiom to our Senators and Represeti-. lives to use their exertions to procure the adoption of some mode of distribution, consistent with the right? of the states, an.d which will secure to uc, aa soon as p )ss:i.h', t!ie lull advan - :aries ot ueh ?y? tern. Tiie state owes the State Ih inch:ding interest to next July, about $1(02,-133. It i.s essential to tlie business of tb- couu - trv that this debt diouM be arranged a: as early a day as possible, inasmuch as the Hank is restricted in its accommodations to a corresponding amount. The particular connection with Internal Improvements by which this indebtedness was produced, should nor be forgotten. The object of the Kank should be tiie promotion of the agricultural and trading interests, and its issues should be governed by the demand and wants of those, interests. Kut if we connect it too closely with the r.iertahi fortunes of our public wor!;:, its w hole business may in the end be con trolled bv their success, fluctuation?, or accidental embarrassments. The Kank has become of vast importance to the people in furnish - ing t!ic means to purchase and carry oil their surplus proiuce to market! T ii"i3 is One ot us most valuable, cifices. and should ha th.e aim cf tlie Legislature, as it h tlie interest of the people to secure its management w ith faithfulness and ability. The prospect of a return to the system so long and successfully practice 1 by tho (Ieneral Government, from the days of Washington to the commencement of the present administration, cf transacting the financial business of the Gene'ral Government with the jtanie currency, under safe restrictions, which is used by the people, justifies the expectt'on that the payment of specie will soon be resumsd permanently by all the solvent banking institutions in the country, including cur Sta.tvj Bank axd Rranhe.. Ar the ruhjr-f of Fanks lia- been ?

fruitful theme ct diPCU33.wii if a nviuu. of vcars, 1 trust & few r&ir,erka frcrr. ir.s, rr-Lectir them, ill not l deemed inappropriate.0 Men looking caly to thc.r n phticrd aggrnnui2emcnt,regftrdlec9ot the public welfare, seire upon every thing wrcngin their management, not tocorro-;t it. but to hold it up to the community m ccr.clu-dve evidence that ail tanking inrtituticne are necessarily corrupt. We If fir it raid that thfv are created solely for the benefit of the stockholders, and the inhabitants of the towns and cities where they arc sweated, vhcje only object is to spectiiate at the expense of the p?cpl. 1'rnka oxit-t because they are profitahlo to tho tcc!'holder n:id the borrower; al'hoi'gii thev would net be worth a moment's legislation if their bcnefit-extcndedno further. They are not 0i.jeiior.aMe simply bocf.uH cverV man Ui the community is nor acwumi'iKHl." ted with loans, if those who borrow throw the money into circulation through the ordinary channels of business and trade. Nevertheless, as far i-i their means w in permit, they should be required :o pursue a liberal and enlarged pcdicaiding all the active branches of buih hj u hicli may require assistance. A hhKJ profit is made on the capital employed; and vet, no man who borrow a money, can procure it at aa low a iate of interest frci any ether source. When properly regulated, banks exercise a beneficial influence on labor and enterprise, almost incalcula

ble. W hen injudicious! v or dishonestly conducted, they are powerful instruments of evil to the countrv. and ultinrfitch", of loss to those who own the stock. They d.ouid be watched with a jealous ryr, not with a lev.- to their destruction, hut for tho purpono cf restricting them to their appropriate spheres. It is true, thev aro not placed on farms nor in the w oods, but in town-;, n:t for their articular benefit, but as the central points of huainesa. Steam Keats procure employment because they find them convenient for tranrportaticn. Great loia of life and property ia sustained by them, and oven associated wealth has ventured to own them. Fortunately, however, for the country, those who n antifc fire political capital by arraying ens interest against another, have nut mado the diseovery that because they navirat-a cur river.--and refuse to run on d:v iand. th"'--ii.r-- i"he v (.U"l.f to Le r".us inr.n-M.oii.;- . i. own Iftllg" i,..Mr-r rtir'.-r'e n r. 'U'- .-r-.v 1 "I'--.' .- nvertto.a mto soecio on denuiru., u essentia; t our progrra-.vc improvement. 1;; :t ta la u thfoundation of tie true credit svie:n, w hieh is our r.urest protection against the actual monopaiie-i of capitalists. Credit conrtituts the capital of the poor tr.r.i., bestowed upon him as tn? rew ard of his enter ptian and Sti'.'C Tit-. With he c a n i u (tcssftdlv u,ih v fltlnji ii'd tor: :r. w -.. 1..' ' . . . .1 H. of iu li. it, ia:or an 1 nr'.nertv wouel bo r-.t-i. 1 - s:it!iin tho h . rTh,;J P"Sl,i aai v .: r.it.i w hos-e -r '-r.-iti.ei ean nC'-rl.i. hroorrht ond.-r .i' control ! ,egas a::on. Ml '.-. ol anch'-'S ci rf :Mlr-r bus:nee, w h.. ther d prtident on w . ;.l;h ,.r h.l.to er..-) r'her. W":,r-n TU'O'pc lic'i.rl. I i i one, Trtnt ie at;. era a. so auecteu. puliey requires u-, to ctien-n an I r-ntmn all thes.; intercst.1. atul urotii . illuri.! C;.C:1 hn-c-rus JrrT!;e rf st eac:i troiu tho undoWit enen a i i-'-iaru ? Common Schools; i: i tee, h:.; 'cnc'lv n--'C?a:-rry for ne- to say. that I shall alvfl'. r tab.c tie ' Of pe-n inter- ' -t m tneir pro-jterUv, f.1 I tnu it will a prominent otject of cur mutual reen ru Hlil eri.;r.S .s. tl; it tl. ev n: brought within tl.t .-each of every family in the state, under the instruction" com-" pet-'iu tencher?. The pow.-rs w ith which tho Fxecutiv cd" tiie state is clothed, are limited; Cut it will affinal mo the greatest pleasure to cooperate v.ltli the Leoifitatnre, in carrying out lhor-nerineiphs which recoo-nize a strict inmarliaiity a;v.cng the diversTfied interests and chdma of th.e dilp-rt-nt parts cf tiie - late the inaintainatice of her rights, and the preservation of her faith, at every hazard the ohsen ance o a prudeiUeconomy. ami a strict aecotmtahilitv in the ed. niinisfrationof every branch of the public service and the creation or continuanco ;f no public, office for stdfili ends, but . iu r m y as a rru. to be tait.hlully and hon estly executed bu- tne common wedfarn Whatever i.s done, w liere ilifierent iewn j otpo! ;cy may exir-t, I must hopo will bo , ettected in the exercise of a liberal spirit j of compromise and forbearance. It U highly desirable, for th.. advancement of the social and public relations which should ever bind us together as one people, that our zeal and solicitude bo.,1,1 i .i to tee b,,c provision lor the future, instead ot recrimination as to the past. And although our prospects are darkened bv tho adverse circumstances with w hich wo at surrounded, wc may console ourselves with tne reflection, that in an henest and karlesa discharge cf duty under every exigency, wo may look forward with conlidence to the approvalof our constitlI;;nt5( and of our o n consciences, and uboyj aff . " ,'- i" "iu vin i ii : i (danco of a bonefieient Creator whose nal providence has so often nrovod country's safety and s;:re defence! inucil etj. Slgcar SAMUKL r,!Gr,rrr IndianatWis, Dec. Oth. IS 10. Just ICecrivcf, LR late arrivals, a frehh supply 0f ir-.o lowin-e; articles: Ground V!.;. I j t

a "V:,5 i11",1? 1 urPc,ltlrip: Alcohol; Copal. J,rhIi and black amuhca; Paint br0ahe; Prai,ifca Brown; en. ReJ; Red, BiwU, nnd Dry Whit bead. Rose, Pink. Lhhre Chrome; Grctrt Cnrornc; "a cllow, Prufaian, Blue, Brituh Lutrrlellow Ochre; Spanish Whiting; Bperm Oil Lemoa Syrup.; Sd .Erutua; Copperas Indig.' MadJer; Alum; nround Logwood and Fuatic-. Glue; Nitric, Muriatic and Sulphuric Acida' VV'ir.-low Gias,; putty; cot,h and Vrrtthi PnTifTs 4c. &e., at wholepala ar rfr.il bII E. PECK. Drufi. . 3kct atreet, cppeiic '.ar''s Vi.CSI-.iit.n, July iqt IS-tO,