Vincennes Gazette, Volume 8, Number 30, Vincennes, Knox County, 22 December 1838 — Page 1

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&rg A C?r& Pft rYrt CfWX

wiTirorT rrAii." VOLUMK VI U VLNX'EXEy, SATUIIDAV 3IOU?;irsG, DECE3rBIv? isp XU3IIiEll 30.

ZMloir-CUhnis of ;:.' i-r ' Ilrprcsnt'utl

.U'E'S.SAiaM a:iy duubtlul or disputed powers; and a (deserving uf punishment as- wo (he ,V. -ui'c w fi caul,ou absl.inenc,J Somali inference witU disturbance of the publio peac r. ' V l" "j concerns which properly belong, and htfst penetration ol' similar acts w

I congratulate c: renins lances iti coa.ntrv, under w!

fivorabh

ihe condition of our

leU to State regulations and individual

enterprise.

ould be ;h

ace nv trie

own country.

By no country or perso:u have these

a you re-assemo.o lor . fri-n affairs havimr

r ml inlormation ot tae State ol our i invidu-j'do r,i-;..;.-,!ua f intrn.i!inn:il Lw

;nri.

.n.inc

been recently on

your o.hci

'iallC;'-j diilerent occasions, submitted to Congress,

iae ntir:.ut;ons ot a )u:u!;i:it.i t,.om jt necessary now to brin.r to

not b-m every wuero real- ll0l;ce onlv suc!, event4

yet, on t:;e wnoie, lis

labors ol the

have

your

uose-

:i':.'.)a;i,i::ri:i, are rewarded with

lui return; industry

l 'oeauti-

hi its vari-entorpri.se,

i' : i a i

J els of

prosper? -mess nut

:y ol climate;

pre vi

impor-

tarougu notliin

ire;ieral

o-.ir vast diver

tnreatens iroia a'.tr-)ruS, tne continuance of exti-rnal peace, nor has anything imputed the strength of these fraternal and

I'.;ir.i!;tv

quentiy occurred, or are of such

tance as to require particular attention

Tiie mist amicable dispositions continue l o be exhibited by a! I the nations with wh.im tlie government and citizens of the United States have an habitual intercourse. At the date of my last annual message.

.Mexico was the onlv nation which could

v;;ich constitutes tha onlv

to tne success arid permanency

graulym

not be included in so

once to our foreign relations

. I i

am u.ipny to oe now a j

a r:

oar happy umon. an 1 winch formed j you that an advance has been made toe lour ol pen!, have Imherl.) been towards the adjustment of our difdculties nor -,: iltrrr.: cvory vicissi- with that Republic, and the restoration oi .e ol our ln-.iornl affain. These blc3-jthe customary rood feelinir between the

to inform

m 1) te

principles, the strict observance ol

which, is so indispensable to the preservation of social order in the world been

more earnestly cherished r sacredly respected, than by those great and good men who first declared, and finally established iho independence of our o wn coun

try, ihev promuiirited and maintained

rj - them at an early and critical period of our history; they were subsequently embodied in If-rislative enactments of a high pen -il

character, the lait ihil eniorceinent oi which has hitherto, been, and will I trust a! wavs continue to be regarded as a dut,-

;nd

o ,,, i- ,, ,i r , . -v.l,--Jv,4iuusv, e.cueo auio:ir

cu iiiciuui, me mutual priviitu

"ouea in me 4th article.

decree of latitudrt n,.f,-.rrr.,l

tiie occurrences of the las! few vfnw. n,'..

I lO i'jtM - 1 cm-n.-. .... .!...!. i' i

ul .m,! tnn,iru ..c j i -"r.v'" r""-' us.l"'!liat; l?cet irom lhe:r rc-

"5V viuinuveu OV OUr n I7cn ' nrmont..) I ... : 1 .1

......... u,me norm weii coast of, exorcise of the most ri-id economy America, will perhaps, on adverting to the Much car, be f.v- ' !

responsible to them fur its unav

abusns.

,'0Uat;k:

.5-.. - -j k..4iv

n ; : : r .V1 J:"", ' ,Ui P? not .mmedpuely u.quired for the

.SUwv.t ui mc u. o. lor ine ias; lew I ordinary publi

years, ba deemed too inconsiderable in ' if

, . . l

e ..ic enure ar.o itn-

m evi

r t'. i 1 ; i .-e c

e th' care an 1 benifi-' two nat

ions.

all for cjr d.

Thi

s important change has

:v uevout been elfeeted by conciliatory negotiations.

ervant jrraliJuue. have resulted in the conclusion of a

I: ave not less re isoa to oe jra'.elui ' treaty between

r bounties bestowed by the mmii-

bitrament of a friendly power all the subjects of a controversy between us crow-

There

We ot!

ut ban J

r.ure exclusive! v

our

t!ie tvvo (Government,

which, when ratined will refer to the ar-

i ;ie nresrnt vear do':

e.at'.ii y

our

of oor federal in ititutions; and

ursl ll.lil ! nrr out nf itiinr:r5 to ill. ivn ;t:i

system, iliilVring from all et!iers

the aek no wleded, practical, and unlimited operation whioh it has for so l.m a period

toe bv

peop.

riven to the sovi-reintv of lias now been folly tested

nce. The constitution deviled bv our fore-

l .ttiers as the (Va:ue work and bond of

'-etticd form of g )'

...rviu and

Moon whi

i '

it vva-

, n::s oecome a

cricii.'iit, not only preing tire great principles fouuvlevl.but w on derfal-

: v

pro:no';:ig

individual happiness and

private interests. I hongn suoject to change a id enure revocation, whenever deem ed in iJequale to all these purposes, yet such is the wisdom of its construction, and so stable has been the public sentiments that it remains unaltered except

m matters ot detail, comparatively uniuinortant. It h is proved amolv fuflicient

lor the v irious

ondition as a nation.

incident to

A formidable

gn war, agitating collision? between

re pec

HVal SflV-

i ij r f rt

(lome-tie and, in some

ereiguties; temptations to lntenere in Lie je.'.eatirie eomniotions of neigbboring countries; the dangerous influence thai arises

m periods u! exce.-sivc prosperity;

! ,

inc. anli-repuoacan ic.i.u n -les ol as-

r-ociateil wealth these with odier trials not less formidable, have all b'.eii eneoon-

jis, at present, also, reason to believe that an equitable settlement of disputed points vtiU be attained without furtlur difficulty or unnecessary delay, and thus authorize the fre resumption of diplomatic intercourse with our sister Republic. With respect to tiie northeastern boundary of the U. .States, no official correspondence between this ("Government and that of (Great Britain has passed since that communicated to Congress towards the close of their last session. The offer to negotiate a convention for the appointment of a joint commission of aurvey and exploration, I am, however assured will be met by her Majesty's Government in a conciliatory and friendly spirit, and instructions to enable the British Ministry to conclude such an arrngemant will be transmitted to him without delay. It is hoped and expected thai these instructions wilt be of liberal character, and that the negotiation, if (successful, will prove to ba an important utep towards the satisfactory and final adjustment of the controversy. I had hoped that the respect for the laws and regard for the peace and honor

jl their own country, vvnicn

has

ever

din r.ie ip ri 7.i ihn ri'isetis of the limtffd

: tales, would havo prevented any por-

tured and

It wa to test i nihviv

ill us far s::ece.-f;

,iv re

isted.

eise oi 'nee h p:ac;i.' Mlt';' in'.r.u 1 i ' 1 1 ( :

t iC

reserved f r the A men m l-'nion

ie a.' vantages of a ov '. ; . .. :- on tlie cunlieu.

;:i!ir w.ll; ardour expeii-

rument .1 exer-

as fhown that it is

.e:it:

e as it is -isve eha::. C e '" -t . ce of the

just e m

in tht-orv.

ut m i . 'Cll

lion ot them

Iron using any means to

promote insurrection m tuc territory oi a

wii'i which we are at peace, and

wim-h the Lulled rstatcs arc ucsirou of maintaining the most friendly relations.

obliged

retrret

deeply hovrevcr, to be

to inform you that this has not been the rase. Information has been given to me, derived from oiheial and other sources.tlr.it

de in our local ic- many citizens of the United States have

ontrtbut ?d to extend the j associated together to make hostile incur.::s .;Crc.S'-'d i.hc direct ' sious from our territory into Canada, and

no, an . r i w i. r s o 1

i :

. j v e i i

pro.

: i e e

m iss of the community, ; u aid and abet insurrection there in viola-

e.lo.nto individual excred, more and more, the en t, vet the mud I iger.ee.

' itric'ti -m oi l!i

tion of tlie obligations and laws of United Stales, and in open disregard their own duties as citizens. This

P'.op.c formation has been in part

connrrn,

In-

)1 .00 peace Wll.l l.iis iujjuiiu.iu h mnuic invasion .101011 v 111,11.1: uv uic

, -sion-itulitv. In no country has educa-, citizens of t!ie united States, in conjunc

tion been s i wi.ieiy !h ace h.as no where

The chie bunds id" intercourse have in, property of our citizens, and an appliea

iiO instance !dev;!cd

over a ;. : ' : I t. !tave i "-(. ate

1 1.

spa. i e ; raa'

o va-

luseil. uomeKiiu iion with Canadians nnd others, and :;c-

so larjlv reigned, eumpauied bv a forcible seizure of ihe

wi'.'i such harmony ( tion thereo! to the prosei.-ulion ot military

All lorms oi re ii-. uera'ious against the authorities am

,1 o for tho lirst time, to ; people of Canada

W and pieiv, necauae ku hm i ae

n '.he liistory of nations, all upon

r-cn to'.-.hv niitrammei

ave h

ticc pes I

illl

CCS

1 al

results of these criminal assaults

peace and order of a neighbor-

to be cx-

-j ing country have been,

'.he wiiu'Tiu'v

!.n;'.,iad ot

ol neeted. lately

as was

destructive to tiie tuisguiocu

in them,

I . ! . . t

penetrateu; vet, and ueludcd persons, cncairei

the ludeiicss in the social con-! and hic'ilv injurious to tho-e in

dition conseijuent upon such cdvsnfar i hhalf they erf. professed to have

vise where, numerous communities have ! undertaken. The authorities i.i Canada.

whose

been

prung up, nt ready uorivaled in picspenr "-'oer.i'i i::eiii,rei:ce, internal iranquil-

from irdeliigence received of such intended movements among our no,-::?, nave

wisdom of their political in-, felt themselves obliged to take prceautiou-

if.", .-.i.i Lie .-"it'.i lions.

Vei' of imi-.v'niual enterprise loslered by i embodied tne miatn, and assumed the at-

Internal im :ro vement, thCiary measures acainst them, have actually

the protection of the States, has added new links jo the confederation, and fresh

o v i d

lent in lurv. Doubtful

i ; domes

;v seu.cd uv

and agrioulture,

tares, lnmish r lo each oi'r i

the our. .ens

tiuuie to repel the invasion to which they believe the Colonies were exposed from the United States. A state of feeling

e policy have been ; on boih sides of the frontier has thus mutual forbearance, ; been produced, which called for prompt

commerce, and mauulac-1 and vigoious interference. It an insurrec

d e o;

Taxation tion existed i;i Canada, the amicable dispowhich bear sition.of the U. Slates towards (Great Brit-

others countries have ain, as well as tiieir duty to themselves,

pressed with comparative lightness upon , would lead them to maintain a strict nui:s. Without one entangling alliance, our trality, and to restrain their citizpns from

so h

il'l.-Tll,-

n:P

nrized bv every nation;; all violations of the laws

en nave Hut this

higher ob-

1. . ... ... .- t tf..-vi .it '. ei t:.. ii 'i ill 11.1 r.iiiui i 1.11 , ill

in liie u ' 1 1 1 1 " - t .

... i rpsnpiied. because ihev arc , tiovernmctit recognizes a still

known to be guarded, by a united, 5 en-. ligation to repress all attempts on the part

and watchful people. oi its citizens to disturb the peare

titi'.iv C,

oi its citizens to disturb tne peare ol a

,po t'-s nractical o-v.nation of our in- country where order prevails, or has been

dilutions so evident and successful, we re-established. Depredatians yy our cuiu " . '. .o ii,,.iimi.ii! to them. I zcn unon nations at neace with the U.

.wn t un lncreascu uimi-iii'iv,,. ...... , ,

which is among the nvst cheering exhi-

senumrnt, and win

oi-.ions of popular

prove their best security in time to come, against foreign or domestic assault. "This review of the results of our institutions, for half a century, withou; exciting a spirit uf vain exultation should serve to imprest upon us the great principles from which they have sprung, constant and direct supervision by the people over every public, measure, strict forbearance of xhn r:vernro'-nt fl;n eerci-ing

States, or combinations for committing

them, have at all times been regarded by the American Government and people with the greatest abhorrence. Military incursions by our citizens into countries so situated, and tha commission of acts of violence on the members thereof, in order to effect a change in its government, or under any pretext vhatcer, have, from tho commencement of our government.

been held equally criminal on the pari

of those engaged in '.arm, a

am!

much

inseparably associated with the maintaiu-

auce ot our national honor. 1 hat the people of the United States should feel a i interest in the spread of political institutions as free as'ihev regard their own to be, is natural; nor can a sincere solicitude for success of all those who are at any time in good faith struggling fur their

When we call to mind the recent nd extreme embarrassments produced by excessive issues of banlipapers, aggravated by the unforeseen withdrawal of much fc reign capital, and ihe inevitable dcranyementa

acquisition, bo imputed to our citizens asjico, will soon re-establish the harmoniou

ptiolie service, or for any press

iog emergency; and nine h

-...wU.,i "uun mucn aueniion; yet the the expend tures where th.-

cilh'a.d mutt . . 1 v I . I

...,, umei respect, deserve the mediate accomplishment of tiie objects in

co(i!5iuerauo!i oi congress. view is not indispensable.

i regret to state that the blockade of the

principal port on the eastern coast of Mex

ico, ,v nich in consequence ol differences

between that Republic and France, was in-dinned in .May last, still continues en-

loivcd by a competent French naval force and is ne jcs.sardy embarrassing to our own trade in tho gulf, in common with

luav oi oiuer nauons. i-very disposition,

however, is believed to exist on the part of the French government, to render this measure as little onerous as practicable to the interests of the citizens of the U. S. and to those of neutral commerce and it is to be hoped that an early settlement of

the difficulties between France and Mex-

ung Irom

the distribution of ii

a crime, with the entire ireeuomol opin

ion, and an tin-list. nguished expression thereof on their part, the Government has

neither the right, nor I trust the disposition to interfere. But whether the interest or the honor of the U. States require, that they should be made a party to any such struggle, and by inevitable consequence, to the war which is waged in iis support, is a question which, by our constitution, is wisely left to Congress alone to dec idv. It is by the laws already made crimination in our citizens to embarrass or anticipate that decision, by unauthorized military on their part OlFe-nces of this character, in addition to their criminality as violatioin of the laws of our country, have a tendency to draw upon our citizens at Urge the multiplied evils of a foreign war, and expose to imputations the good faith and honnr of the country. As such they deserve to be put down with promptitude and decision. I cannot be mistaken, 1 am confident, in counting on the cordial and general concurrence of ur fellowcitizens in this sentiment. A copy of the proclamation which I hare felt it my duty to issue is herewith communicated. I otnaot but hope that the good pensc and patriotism, tha regard for the honor and reputation of their country; the respect for the laws which they th rn-elve, i meted for their own government, and tha love of order fjr which the in iss of the people have been so long and so justly distinguished, will deter the comparatively few who are t ngaged in them from a further prosecution of such desperate enterprises. In the meantiin-?, ths existing laws have been, and will continue to be faithfully ".xecuu.'d and every eiTo't will be made to carry them out to their iVd extent. Whether they are sufficient or r.oi, !o meet the actual slain of things on the Canadian frontier, is for Congress to de-

Cltlt

Irom t;;e correspondence

herewith submitted, that the government of Russia declined a renewal of the fourth nrticie of the convention of April, le-'d-l, between the United States and his imperial Majesty, by the third article of which it is agreed that "hcreaf.cr there fhall not be formed by the citizens of the United Slates, or under the authority of the said Stales any establishment upon the nordi west coast of America, nor in any of the islands adjacent, to the north of o 1 deg. 1 ) of north latitude, and that in the same manner there shall he none formed by Russian subjects, or und. r the authority of Ruassia, south of the same parallel;" by the fourth article, "that during a term of ten years, counting from the :gnature of the present convention, the ships ol both powers, or which belong to their citizens or subjects respectively, may

r . . ' . ! ...

rrcipiocaiiv lrenuent, wmioui au

Ul.on.c iuiiiii.ai, lil

hatbor?, and ot'eeks upon the coast men

tioned in the preceding artie

purpose of lushing and tra

country.

interior teas, g'i.i.i,

1?, for tin

ing witli

nat ves oi the

The

reasons

assigned for declining to renew the provisions of this article, are briefly, that the only use made by our citizens of the privilege it secures to them, has been to supply the Indians with liquors, ammunitions and fire arms, that the trade has been excluded from the Russia trade; and as the supplies furnished from the United States are injurious to the Russian establishments on north west coast, are calculated to produce complaints between the two governments. His imperial Majesty thinks it for the interests of both countries not to accede to the proposition made by the American government for the renewal ot the article last referred to. The correspondence herewith communicated will show the ground upon which we contend that the citizens of ihe U. S. have, independent of tho provision of the convention of 1821, a right to trade with lh natives on the coast in question, jd unoccupied places, however, it is admitted to be extinguished by the creation of Russian establishments at such points. This right is denied by the Russian government, "which asserts that by the operation of the treaty of 1834, each party agreed to waive the general right to land on the Vacant coast on the respective side nf the

relations formerly subsisting between them, and again open the ports of that Republic to the vessels uf all friendly nations. A convention for marking that part of the boundary between the U. S. and the

Republic of Texas, which extends irom the mouth of the Sabine to Red River, was concluded and signed kt this ciiy on ihe 23th of April last. It lias since been ratified by both governments, and seasonable measures will bo taken to carry it into effect on the prt of the U. States. The application of that Republic for admission m the Union, made in August, 1837, and which was declined for reasons alreadj mada known to you has formerly withdrawn, as will appear from the ac

companying copy of tiie note of the Minister Plenipotentiary of Texas, which was

presented to the Secretary of State on the

occasion of the exchange of tli e ratifica

tion of the convention above mentioned. Copies of the convention with Texas,

of a commercial treaty coacluded with the

Kings of Greece and of a simitar treaty with the Feru Bolivian confederation, the

ratification of which have been recently

exchanged, accompanying this message

for the utfot motion of Congress, and for such legislative enactments as rnav be found necessary or oxpedienl in relation io cither of them.

To watch over and fosier the inteie

of a gradually increasing ;.:id widely

3 13

tended commerce; to

the American eiiztns, w 1

rig

lit:

hi business or

otiicr motives, may tempt idem into distant climes; and at the same, ti.ne to cultivate those sentiments of mutual respect and good will which experience has proved sobcneficial to international interco.iroe.lhe government of ihe I.J. Slates has deemed it expedient, from lime to lime, to establish diplomatic connections with the different foreign tiates by ihe appointment of representatives to reside wuhm their respective territories. 1 am gratified to be enabled to announce that since the close of your last session, these negotiations have been opened under the happiest auspices wiih Austria and thetwo Sieiiiies; that new nominali ons have been made in the respective missions to Russia, Urazil, Relgium, and Sweden and Norway, in this country; and that a Minister Extraordinary has been received, accredited to this government from the Argentine Confederation. An exposition of the fiscal affairs of the government, and of their condition forlh past year, wiil be m ule to you by the Secretary of the Treasury. Tiie available balance in the Treasury, en the 1st of January next, is estimated at ',7 r,:) ."-i. The receipts of the year, fiom customs and .lands, will probably amount to $20,013, '. Thrt iiviii sources of it venue have been iurreaied by an issue ol i reasury notes; of which less than eight millions of dollars, including principal and interest, wiil lie outstanding at the end id" ihe year, and by the sale o, of one of the bonds of the M ink of the U. S. for ,'2"-l,87l. Tho aggregate of means from these and other soirees, with the balance on hand on the 1st Jauuaiy last, has been applied to the payment of appropriations of Congress. The whole expenditure fr the year on their account, including the redemption of more lliati eight millions of Treasury notes, constitutes an aggregate of about forty millions of dollars, and still leave in the Treasury the balance before stated. Nearly eight millions of dollars of Treasury notes are lobe paid duringthe coining year, in addition tothe ordinaryapproprition for ihe support of Government. For both these purposes, the resources of the Treasury will undoubtedly be sucfiiini if the charges upon it increased beyond the annual estimates. No excess, however, is likely to exist; nor can the potsponed installment of the surplus revenue be deposited with the States nor any considerable appropriations beyond the estimates be made without causing a deficiency in the Treasury. The gteat caution, advisable at all times, of limiting appropriations to the wants of the public service, is rendered necessary t.v the nrosnective and rapid

tarii! , white

rpdiitftieoi d sue

ihe

Vlg

itant

pius revenue among the Mates as required by congress, and consider the heavy ex

penses incurred by the removal of Indian tribes;by the military operations in Florida; and on account of the unusual'' Iargeappropriations made at the last two annual cessions by congress forother objects; we have striking evidence in the present efficient

state of the finances of the abundant resources of the country to fulfil all its obligations

Nor is it less gratilymg to lind that the genera! business of the community, deeply adert-sd as il has been, is reviving with additional vigor, cha.-tened by the lessons uf the past, and animated by the hopes of the future. Iy the curtailment of paper issues, bv curbing the sanguine and

adventuous spirit of speculation; tmd by the honorable application of all available!

means to the fulfillment cf obligations, confidence has been restored both at home and abroad, and ease and facility secured to all the operations of trade. The agency in the governmrnt in produeing these results h is been suiTicient as its powers and means permitted. 15y withholding from the States the deposite of the fourth instalment, and having several millions at long credits with the banks, principally in one section of the country, and moie immediately beneficial to it; and at the same time, aiding the banks and commercial communities in other sections, by postponing the payment of bonds for duties to the amount of between four and five million of dollars, by an issue of Treasury notes' as a means to enable the government to meet the consequences of their indulgencies, but a:Tordi::g at ihe same lililr, facilities fa rcmiltanr exchange; and bv steadily declining to employ as general depositories of the public revc.re.es. or lcceive the uo-.es of ;dl banks whi'-h refuse to redeem them with specie; by the-? me- ore-, aided by the favorable action of nap of ihe b.iok-. and by the support and co eoT-itio:; of a targe portion uf the com:nu:i:ty. we have wit:tssed an early resumption of specie payments in our great romm-'reia! capital, promptly followed in most every part r-f the Uiii'ed S: f'es. Thi r?---n!t has born rike salutary u the true in:-resi of sgricubure. e.ommerce and m mufaetures; to ... . i t

ora.s, r'-'p.ci ru i-ie laws, ana

h 'tw-en m ;n and innri, ::':rd in our so tial veta-

die

coo;

, i

c ii,-.'

i is r-o cs

win

tion. The contrast !; of 111 and that oi The s-hnrt dura:! prompt restoration

ween t .e ? aspeusi n 1 S:;0 is i;i,ir'. striking. ii of the latter; ths of business the cvi-

hts resulting Irom an adherance

dent hen

by ihe government to the constitutional standard of value, ius'e id of sanctioning

the sus c-iision by the receipt ol irredeemable paper; and the advantage derived from

a large

the country

am runt of specie introduced into

vious to i'-.j, , aliord a ion of the true policy cf

tho government in such a crisis. Nor can the compaiison fail to remove tho impression that a national hank is no.-esery i;i such emergencies. Not ot.iy were

-.avmen.s resuineu wr.nout us aui,

exr;.a:ti?s have been mso more rip Ju

ly removed thaa w he n it existed, thereby howihg the.: p.ive.i-j cau;t.h', cr.irpri.c

;':at'j to tties-e

an.l pru .lenee, arc

t; ;u. -see;1, tofui

Oil

o m i

l u l y ; : hesc pi

ecu t

vie

r '

oagress.

been saved th

mortiheation in

hereha ve ig the

.My conviction of the necessity of a further legislative provision for the safe

keeping nnd disbursement of the public money, and my opinion in regard to the accomplishment of these objec!?, have been already submitted to vou. These

have been strengthened bv recent events;

and, in the full conviction that time and

- ,-. . . - .11 t t

.vea i--:iee rmisi sun inriner ccmonstratd their propriety, I feel il my duty, with respectful reference to tha conflicting views of others, again to invite your attention lo them. Wiih the exception of limited turns de

posited in the few banks slid employed

tindc-r tha act of 1R3 ', ..... ..... --

eci-ed for duties, nnd, with very inconsidi-

raode exceptions, those accruing from lands also, have, since the general suspension o'. specie payments by the deposite banks, been kept and disbursed bv the Tress urI er, under hi-: legal powers, subject to the superintendair-e of the Secretary of the Treasury. The propriety of defining more epecifiealiv, and of regulating bv

law, tne exercise? of this wide scops of Executive deletion, has been already submitted to Congress. A change in the oliiee of Cuh'ector at one of the principal ports, has brought to light a defalcation of lite gravest character, the particulars of which will be laid before you in special report from the Secretary of the Treasury. Ii y his report

and the accompanying document, it will

be seen that the weekly returns of tha defaulting officers apparently exhibited, throughout, a faithful administration of the affairs entrusted to his management. It, however, now appears that he commenced abstracting the publio moneys shortly aftrr his appointment, and continued to do so, progressively increasing the amount, for the term of more than seven years, embracing n period during which the public moneys were deposited in the Rank of the United Stales, the whole of that of the St3ie Rank deposite system, and concludmg only on his retirement from office, after that system had subsequently failed, in consequence of tha suspension of specie payments. .. . The way in which thi3 dcfalci'.ioa vru so long concealed, and the step taken it? indemnify the United Stale, as far at practicable, against him, will also hn presented to you. The case is ue which imperalivr'y claims the attention uf Congress; and furnish the strongest motive for the establishment of a more severs and secure system for the safe kcepinj end disbursement of the public moneys mail arv lht has heretofore existed. It seems proper at all e'-Crii!'', by r.:i early tnaoirnenf, similar io ta--t of oilier

;c apiiacP.ton n nuei.e to one v

( i o v

e i i

to privato

L'j inteie a Uionv; ana visi:-

n cfeet, the la-

the mint, read has been pro-

r ,

re?r

ueii iude.

c.'iintiie--, tt;c bv an officer

uses,

eu wita j-e v'-re an..

ment. Thiin respect t';

duetive of the mod

Whatever system is ad, enactment woid-.l be vie

ileal mea-ure. ince mi.eii v.; ;r.e pub:;r inoncy must, in their collection and ul . mate disbursement, psss twi-- ;htoug!i t!;c hands of po!.ic vfcers, m whatever niiinner tiiey ;.:e intermedia.ely "kept. The Government, it m',it be admiited.lias been from its commencement comparatively fortunate in thi-t; respect. But the rtr.pftinting po vcr cannot al

ways be welt advised in its selections, ind the experience of every country has

shown turd puliic omcers arc not at ad times proof against temptation. It is a duty, therefore, which the Government owe?, ns well to the interests committed

to !:s cave r.-i to the o

d .,

liccra laemsetves, to

di-tres-s of the community for a third time seized on to fasten upon the eouu'ry so d.uigeroKS an instituti m, ,n.ad we may also hope that the business of individuals will hereafter lee relieved from the injurious effects of a continued agitation of that distressing subject. The limit' d influence of a national bank in averting derangftniciit in the exchanges of ihe country, or in compelling the resumption of specie payments, is now not less apparent than its tendency to increase inordinate .speculation by sudden expansion and contraction; its disposition to create p mlc and

embarrassmer own designs; tie.s, and its i

than for good, either in regard to the locr.l

institutions or the operation of government itself. What was in thexe respect but apprehension or opinion, when a national bank vas established, now stands confirmed by humiliating experience. The scenes through which we have passed conclusivtly prove how iitlle our commerce, agriculture, manufacture or finances, require such an institution, and what dangers are attendant on its power; a power, I trust never to be conferred by the American people upon their government, and Mill less upon individual not

lor the promotion ot its ts interference with poliir greater po'.rer fot evil

provide every pilars. f aaist tr msgressiona

of this character, that is consistent with rccson nra! humanity. Cciigreis cauuol ho tun i'p.!.v:.- rf t!;e conduct of thosa who nro cntrttMed with the pi;blie mo::ty. and 1 sha:l at ad limes be disposed to cue.virago a wr.tchful dtsehar-.'e of this ih:t. If a more direet co operation on iho part of Congress, io the supervision of the officers entrusted with the custody and application of the public money is decm-

der-i

it will pive me pleasure to

asdst in the establishment of any judicious and constitutional dun by which that object may be accomplished. You will, in your wisdom, determine upon the propriety of adopting such a plan, -nd upon the measure necessary to its effected execution. When the !a'e bank of the Uh States win incorporated, and made depository of the public money, a right was aececdud to Congress to inspect at its pleisure by a committee of that body, the bord and proceedings of the banks. In tme of tho States wlio?e banks er institutions are supposed to rank amongst the first in point of stability, they z:a subjected la a coiuUut examination by commissioners Hppointed for that purpose, and much ot the success of its banking sys em is attributed to this watchful supervision. Thi same course has also, in view of its beneficial operation, been adopted by an adjoining State, favorably known for tb care il has always bestowed upon wha'ever telates to the financial concerns. I submit to your consideration whether committee of Congress might not be profitably employed in inspecting, at v,rh

ght he deemed proper, t lit

intrvs'S as