Vincennes Gazette, Volume 7, Number 36, Vincennes, Knox County, 3 February 1838 — Page 1

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lib $k "Tni'Tfl WXTIIOIT ir.'.K.' voli .mi: VII. vlxckaaks, satuudav mou?;lc;, fkhkuarv :, MJ3IBER 30

7vm ihf JnJiina Jft.-i.icrat. G EO-CGIC AL, nnroET. The report of the State (colonist, 1 ) av id Pale Owen, was presented on lit cdties d , to both Houses; :md live hundred copies ordered bv eaih house to In printed. The etr.nc Keport is too K..- tur insertion i:i our columns, during ihe present press nt' matter, l'ut tin.- cV jecl is so important ami the facts v-mimu-nicated i.i the Report in re.'.ud U the in:neral resources of our State so enco.naeinj; and so iiilliieiiu.il on the tut oiv prosperity of Indiana, that we cannot ic-

tram Irom makiiio; room lor t'.'.e ;i.-, . dmcr chapter, iii which lr. Oud; n. Lis obcr vations, under the LeuJ of rit vi i ic vl. i.m i:i! ::.m i:s. The practical and very important on -e from the foregoing licpott, in- : 1 1 r - summed up in a lew worus. Three gu!o jical formations exist i.i Indiana. 1st, a bituminous coal formation, occupying that portion of the Stale west ol the second principal meridian; 'dd, a limestone formation) similar to ihe! mountain limestone ot lluropean Ueolo- ( gists. prevailing in the couiities e: it! that meridian; 3d; adduian, consists ol J dejJ'isites of clay, sand, gravel, and houl-j del; overlying, and in many phu-es, cov ering up, Uie two otner Iormatioiis, to a greater or less depth, particalarly in the .Northern part ot the State. .ovv in in tins country no perfect seams of bituminous coal are found anoci.V.ed with calcareous deposites, similar u tliose of Middle and 1 Eastern Indiatia. t!m tedo4 gist can confidently predict, that it is a wa'.e of lime and la'oor to search tor coal in anv part of the Sute eat of this second meridian; for instance, as has been done, m the neighborhood ol the Id ck biutmilio.is aluminous slate, vh; -h is represented on the .Map stretching north in a narrow band comment-in at .New Albany, iu i'lovd county, and extending througli part of Clark, Sco'.t. Jennings, l'ariho.niiie, Decatur, and probaidy beneath ihe deluvium, in a northerly direction, towards r.lkhalt. If we werd to speeu'at from peoloiea' observations, on ttie In lure coik.iii.ju o. Indiana, we should say, ihil t.'ie western countius are destined to become, one day the chief manufacturing counties; since, with a few exceptions, ali larg- manulie-t-iriti ' towns an.l uisirtCiS ure si.ita.ea o.i l ie ' iu.l foi m.r.ion. The freestones ol this iormation beuij otten soft and tissib", o vv i r, io ih e uk m e ol mica disseminated in layers through their Mibitauct:. and tue lerruiuous cenienl wliieli unites their pr.rtieles, being liable to undergo alternal; .is by lbs action ot tne atmos'ibero upon it, a eai clul selection ! v t.;e I'.UiiJcr is :.. v a s I'uii Jer is v pl.iet-s, parlici ;ucessar, 1.1 jij.lv towards tiie or near i .s eastern ..se ol me form. i: ion bouii iirv as at At'.iC.i Wiliinnisport. on I'll'.-, nek, n . . 1 near tie l.tucli l,:ck. 1, Nit!i a hide tare, f.eestone. whito and bae gr lined, a. id excellently suited lor architectural p-irposes, may bj read:;- obtained. In character and geological J'ositir.n it resembles the ct iraiei I S, .o, freestone, of which the .Ntw Town ol I "dinburjuh a;td a portion cf lite town ot i;his'row are built. At New Hurmony tbrre n a rp.inrry i free-stone, yield:!. z rook that has ioo.l the test, of tvven'y yiars; yetu i by no avians e ;ual to the strata above :.llt,d'.i to, in our eastern eoii'i A freesia.-tc of a very jrnm ami ! I - I t w :;ilo CiiOr, is i, i e,.sl of l'aoti. 'vhetstones. l :v pnttinj a ti ne e.! ishmir. They . .,- tiie I'm:,-.! S; t 1 Odd. "Ili.dst. from a si.mlar st of a eoars-'t zr.r. i.ii Tie., .it i.i ! i cut :". I . U is m m i rt-tr-.-o i i' i i-.'.i r- a i..::: i V !' on too.s, ai d I ir p e:-. ' ; r led 1 a a.i " arl nes rat. r main; 'I"' . ll br 111 at i' r:.-',ei U i ! a.,e "f the ill is ,.C I! ir we to r - i;v d .ietiv s.:. ountrv or the co.il ! oins ol 5-:: in tiie eot; i, es'.eru v: r mei.-.'nTS. sliotibi sympo ; r ;. T'',:,.:" OM'" , S(..-n,'vr, I'.i- . ;i,l a (.:;, ( "lay. i'l y j "canoe, the sc.. r.'h w ould !- .c where ; .i ihri: T water mAf ; tif-s. of I'erri hois, Mar'in, 1 .iv;c?S ( : l'utn i;n, M onomry . or f N'MJUiMlinit ! ' i.i.i.ac a -.-roa'er. than if t i.itt 1 i S;:i; j. S.dt, however, i - r.ot, sine constant m its rcohv'o-al j ' s pea m c, -ition. In I '.in one. it usually occurs in the v CVV Kd sand stone a formation higher , ' move rC''eiu n;;.j;'.:i t'i.in l'.e 'o: In m '. nous i formation: while, on i r lluht m, a lirr.il ivv ol t:.e 'i ennessee liivur. there is a tine sail drp.-i'.r., Minonnd- d bv g pnm of planter of I'aris, Ivmg on the rrflii w ache i.irmation. Two or thiee sail weiUbive been isunk i-i ihr hnohsenstof li'.oommetou, tbrnurr';, the siliceous beds belonging to the subcarboniferous group. The salt is of excellent quality; but the water has hitherto proved too w eak to p.tl'ord a fair profit. lhebormgaliPrsr.lt is, in truth, at all limes attended with considerable uncertainly. li'iantiti" of argilaeious iron ore Irom w huh in Crcat Britain. r.iiD.oOO tons of irnn are annually obtamt l occur in some jin'mOuS coal of the !av slivs of ihc formation of la i, ana. Some of the clav hues zcv nc'.'. to

1 iu! now excavated near lioy is to be manulaciuied into lirc-hi ick tor .-ale, an important allude of commerce, in a cuuntrv where steam enaines .r! so t-.xteiiahtd v used, ami indis pcnsmle where luruacu operations are earned on to any extent. Some of our el iv s in the coal formation jr.-kit w ( 11 tor the mauiliaeturincr of .stone .ire ;'.n.! :'rev pottery-ware. .Such wares ue now niaiulaeUiied Irom them at 'froy. Nmeo I i"r.-t called the attention of the IVopi u-k.r to tiie I'.eposiio .if the !i tlratu.i in-own oxide of ion, near the I hills of I'.vi ivivcr. i .i!iii:Kiti.i:.- have been in id bv die-m;i in f.ii.ror i', d.iihreiit pb-.v: erti In.-en st: i;i a.l cd thei.i; in.mv tons li iiv bet n i.'inm u up. and the prospects ' i en jii.-.i.'. ,-iii, th it the l'ropri'-tors ol i he : are now e.i i";n.n'i.'i; to firm a Company, t erect a furnace: ;.ml commence, on an extensive e de, Fiii"lii!othe ore. rs.iml s'to::e lieat the predominating! rock in tie; e,.;,l formation; and tiie nieatest j part ol the soil ol t ieji V. t stern counties i b,.nng tormed Irom its i'.im., teg ration, we i.mi it g. nc rally ot a samlv character. i ii.? uip and position ol lite various. beds behmeing to cod tue isnrcs are ccner.illv constant, unless where, from tiie prolrusion ..f basalt or of greenstone, those volcanic disturbances, rilled by the miners, 'AifJ.v,' Hrotihles,' or Vi'iAf.v,' buve disiurhed the regularity of position. If, then, the general dip and order of succession of the strata can be ascertained and ibesa should appear to bo free from faults or material undulation, a pretty correct estimate miebt be formed of the depth of ibe various seams of coal and other strata in d: lie rent 'arts of the coal fields of Indiana. Most of the limestones in the oolitic series that is, thoso c-curring in the counties of 'raw I nil, Oranger, Lawrence, Monroe, Jwtm. and l'utnam, make good building materials. 'I'he eiicieniial limestones in Harrison, W ashington, Jackson, I'art'iolome w and Morgan counths r.re also very suitable for that purpose; but the siliceous strata, or sand lock', in these counties are generally soft and crum bling, and by r.j means durable, 'i'he only vm that the black biliimimotis aluminous slate, occurring in the sub-carboniferous croupe can be put to, is Ibr the in iniilaeture ot uhim. The sub-carbon'.fe-rous gro'.ipe, adard.s a waler!i;tc, which appears to be a compound cli.ciiv of limestone and e'l.iv, vvnfi noimi ! ilumnious. matter. ll is associated w ith the black biiiiiiiinons slate above mentioned. Somii of the limestones m its neighborhood; tor instance, those rocks which are excavatd at the top of the hill behind Madison, contain green earth, and some arc I m t. i rg nated ivi.Ii bitu iio-ii and t u! pburet of iron. In making a selecltoti of buiiding materials in such st."3ta. care shotild be tikcn not to use any such, unless their durability has been well tested; for ihev are generally liable to decay. The lossiiiiferous limestones of Hast Indiana, namely, those lound in Jeiibrson, Switzerland. Dearborn, Kipley, Franklin, I'ayelle and i nion potmties, are tlura'de locks, an 1 tome ol ibem make biauiifiil marbles. Tl.e sub-carbonifer.Mis formation of In di ma is identical vsoh the t.mir.tioii oc curring in Mnb'.'o Tennesste, iu tin: enormous iiepus:le" ol l!v? h .1,1 A. i'UiC u jru'.Ui oxu.e ! iron, constituting so m;:r .1, ol toe mine: a. v. eiiitn (.1 ibat . -Mtc, r.re leund. i ue it.'r osites o! t o ind of i . I.i '.iaav, hi. vv ever, idlhouch found in the sa ne foi niat.on, are not a-s:ici..ted w r.h exaedv the same htr.ita. In Tennessee, lin e are i.i ihe sil.ceou Mi.'.ta. jr.-t al'ove thj en. iin.iil iime.-tone; :i.:.-.e ai present discotie! in Indiana are either rc.'Ung on the oii;,c heri'.' ol limestones, i r tie. .r ihe buuminous ub.iu.motis Tiie so,l r. 'raw lo mge Monroe, i hvrn.e: b. ii', " foi ine.l clneily Ir d. Law rer.ee ( )ri l'utnam counties, m the oolitic loiiea ea: ai ions CMarae t e i I o 1 toe r. i admira'ey : ras-e. Clay v i.i the so.', of ti o w ,i l. i:r..i to ll' no oi ..on. ov d. Otho : n .2 Cia C !"; Scott. .! p n 1 1 1 1 1 ' s . a I i 1 1 iiart.-" o i ! lecatur. Shelby, Johnson, Marn-ti and 1 1 ancock: because the sml t.l these counties is umiuil iy ing by clay slates. IK-nce cvicii-tioe. whirli ii.;!ignts in e.avo tnere growing in xut i.anti v. i The sod of .l.hicrson. Switzerland. Dearborn, Kip! v. i'l ankhn, I hay e tie, I "nion and parts of Decaltir ant! Rush, being fo.i tided upon alternating strata of t lay and limestone, must partakn cb;f ily of thete two earths. This 'oil is idso well adapted to the grow ih oi grr.ss.-s. The soil of tiie n u th-w estern Countu , 1 . ... . appears lo ne snieeo-t an "us sji.u, i cuing upon a clay bottom. '1'his I conceive to be the reason why it is so much more productive than its external appearance promises. These potms. however I inlund more lullv to veryfv, by analysis, so soon a I can get samples, of all the various soils. As yet, my opinion has been formed chiefly from occubir observation. and reasoning from general principles. The water in ihe north-western couuii. v strongly impregua'cd with carbonic a,-,d. Th.s, e.ti.'.g as a solvent upon limestone ar.d tl.e protoxide of iron, dissolves

ti i'f 1 I1CIV.

when ever it meets with them in us pas;ic to tiie m:i face. And thus we tiud these waters often highly e!iar!rod with ihre two iugrtJients, forming ealeareous

.mn eliais iieale stnin'". As they lose very noil, !y ex osure to the the exeess 1 ea.. ionic aein, w men sets as a solvent i acts as a sol o! these iiiirreiiieiitj: apii as iron is lirou-ht also, by the same exposure to air, to a higher degree of oxidation, and therefore to a more insoluble form; these two cau?es acting together soon produce deposites ot calcareous tulos and bog-iron ore, soIrcipieully found in that country. TIip oiiautity of bog-iron ore i, therebire, eontinuaiiy on .the increase. The gP ater pait of Indiana must have been at some peiiod of the Ihnlhhs history, covered by an ocean; f,r mmu of t.he l.'.-.iU in the limestones are of i.;r.rii:e Ol iglll. .None of the precious metaU will ever be tound in Indiana, unless m ir.inute portions in boulders, or in small quantities in comb. nation w lilt other metal; because the primitive and grauwaoke formations, in wi.icii alone prodiuiive mines of gold a .d silver ore oceur, do no exist in Indiana. It is true that, in some rare instances, silver, is found as a st.lphuret and as red silver ore, in such formations as exists in the Western Country; but 1 have seen no symptoms of any such in our State. The same may bo said of bismuth, tin ore, and native arsenic. The only metals winch we need look for, are iron, lead, antimony, maganese, zmo, cobalt, and possibly soma varieties of copper and arsenic ors. It is not likely that anthracite coal will ever be found in Indiana; because that mineral is usually found in the primitive grauvvacke formations. Several detached pieces of natito cop per bavo been found in the State, one weighing o pounds, but, from the nature ol the ore, iis occurring in washed grav els, arid only in isolated pieces, 1 have reason to believe that lliev do not origin ata in the Slate. ) may add that the Kup ferchietor, of tho (lernun minors yields, at the mines, of Mansfield, in Thunngia, an abundant supply of copper ore. This copper slate is Imndat the bottom of the .ew ud ca;m stone iormation, winch overlies the bitumitious coal fumition, and copper ores have been found in the cirbor.iierous and mountain lime-stone; there is, therefore, a possibility, of discovering workable copper ore m ihe formations of Indiana. The fertility of the soil of In. liana is universally admitted; yt few ar.- aware that it arises mainly from iu geological position. It is well known to ( eolog ists, that that soil u tho most productive, which has been derived from the destruction of '.he greatest variety of different rocks; for thus only is produced the due mixture of gravel, sand, clay, and limestone, necessary to form a good medium fur t.he retention and transmission of the nutritive lluids, be they liquid or icriform, to lbs roots of pi mtJ. Now, Indiana is situated near ihe middle of the great Wiley of Northwestern America, and far distant from the primitive range of mountain; and her soil is accordingly formed from the destruction of a vast variety of rocks, bulh crystalline and sedimentary, which have hf-en minutely divided and iniim it.l v blended together by the action of air and water. It has all lha elements, therefore, of extraordinary, fertility. DA I!) ii.i.i: CWLN. ( Icologist of the State. Uorrcspiiiidciicc cf the i3altimoro Patvit. WASHINGTON, Ja::, lo h, Is.'i-s. Couiesteil election cases will become notable ! productive u "scenes"' in Congress, ilveiv body has heard of the currenei.s ol l!io famous iiiinwht scsa ion diiriuo the debate on the North Caro..n;i Contested !. lection, two ears jcu. The Mississippi e..se catnc l.p to-dav, and produced more rxeite ment and commotion than occurred in the House before during the piesent session. Mr. 1!;;on::::n uf New York, oilercd a u solution to the cllect that Messrs. lhe!i'.is and Word have r.ot been ilccted mi mbers "I the "-loth (,'ongres?, and that tbev are not cntilh.d to scats in ihe House. .'.Iter a loose and irregular debate on tins proposition, Mr. Wise offered a resolution bint Mcs I't'entiss and Vord be admitted to seats within the Hail; and allowed to fo participate in anv debates thai might ai ise on the sub-jet t of their application. Mr. Tester of New York, offered ;;r. amendment u the ttlVct that the claimants be allowed lo appear at tic fmr and to be b.eatd in support of thsir application. Tin amendment was very strenuously opposed by Mr. Tope of Kentucky, ant! Mr. Ilo'd of Tennessee; who too si the proper ground that such treatment was not what was duv to gentlemen who came here w ith credentials from ilic people oi a Sovereign Slate. The resolution ol Mr. Wise was adopted, and Messrs. Prentcss and Word took seats provided lor them bv the ollicers of the House. Col. Howard then presented a commu nication from Mr. Claiborne, in reierence to the case; and alluded to the fact that a printed slroement emanating from the clai inpnls had already been laid upon ihe desks of members. Mr. Wise rose and said, that the paper referred to bv Co!. Howard the Matemeat of Messrs. Prentiss and Word had

heer- pruned at the expense of those genile.i.eiii themselves. So far every thing went on with perfect quiet. Nothing had occurred, which any reasonable man could imagine was calculated to produce excitement. Col. How ard knw ing that the siatcini.nl of Messrs. l'rentiss and Word was iu the hands of the members, had

ouly wisiieu.itis presumed, to place Mesrs. l laioorne anU l . hoison on an eijahiv with them in that respect. And Mr. iso's remark v as only intended to show that lor the purpose ol placing them on an equality it was not neeessarv that the com-' munieaiion of Mr. Claiborne should be presented to the House, and printed by. its oriter. Such was, 1 undertake to ssv, the ernral iiii.Ier.tanoing. Hut Mr. Gholson low!. remarks of M r. if m liigli

dudgeon. He s-aid he ami his colleague sr. .Jenifer, Turney, Mercer, Glascock, diil not come to ask the charity of the j Cusdiiur and Keed, the House adjourned Houfc that though not as rich as some: without takinjj any qucstior. on tho resomen, they were able to pay for the priii-, buion of Mr. .Mercer. v

Hug ol their communication, l'or several minutes be went che. A. on in this strain. Then be spoke of Mr. Wise, and said bis remarks were unworthy of a member ol ihe House. This attack was entirely gr.-Uuitous as it was entirely impotent. What bad Mr. W ise said, that the most morbid imngma-' lion could have construed into a personal rellection' Nothing positively nothing. I know Mr. Wiso personally. There is not a man in either House of more generous and noble feelings. He is incapable of making an insidious attack on any man. When he does assail his political adversaries, all is open and above-board. He gave not the slightest pretext to Mr. (J hoison, on this occasion, for the remark in which be thought proper to indulge. Of course, that remark rould not fail to excite, to a high degree the jesentment of Mr. Wise. lie rose instantly; and turning to Mr. Gholson, said in clear, firm tones, "Ik ionohance and impi dem r. an make a r.r.Ac Koi'ARi), Tii k r it , (fastening his eyes on and pointing his finger at G'iioi.son) i'H LKi: is om:I" "Ouimu! Ottntttl" was shouted from all sides of the 1 louse. 'I'he greatest confusion prevailed. The speaker rapped loudly on his desk with his ivory hammer. Aboie the din the voice cf Mr. Gholson was hearth Ho was understood to say that no or.o but a cowardly scoundrel would make such a remark. The Speaker enforced the rules; and order was finally restored. The commu nication of Mr. Claiborne was then read: Mr. Howard moved that it be printed; and sfier a desultory debate it w as so ordered. Col. Dawson of ( Jeorgia. then offered a resolution of censure upon the language which had been used in presence of the House by Messrs. Gholson and Wise; and calling upon them bolh to apologize to tl.e House. Mr. Wiso S3id he was glad of the op portunity thus offered him, to set himself right as to his relations to the House. When the paper was prespntod by the member from Ualtimore, (Col. Howard) ho took for granted it was a statement of facts similar to that presented by Messrs. l'rentiss and Word, and lie bad simply stated that the statement emanating from those guntleuiRn, had not been printed bv! the order of the house; and therefore it was not necessary that they should be printed in order to place tl claimants on a footing of p.pnditv To his astonishment, one of the sitting members from .Mississippi had thought lit to all ide to him in a taunting manner. It was nothing that would have ru.lled him, coming Irom any other person but coming from him, it excited his ogrr; ami, said Mr. W ie with remarkable emr,l lasis, "1 felt compelled to say of the I i 'or from Mississippi, w hat I have long luougnt o 1 i 1 1 1 1 . The Chair here call cric;s of "order! order!" i. to order! were heard in dif ferent parts of ihe 1 1 all. Mr. (I hoison was vociferating with some vehemence but I did not ca'.eli his words. When order was restored. Mr. Wise proceeded. He expressed his readiness always lo submit to the authority of the house. To the Hoiis therefore he made an anoloa v: but P IO i ;n Mr. C hoison next rose, and said ic used tho b'.nem.itre ha had, under the excitement produced by a low and im-inuv tine; attack. What low and insinuating attack? None was made by Mr. W ise. Tho Chair called Cliolso:i to order, (.'en. (Jlascock moved to iy Col. Hawson's resolution on the table. The motion prevailed. Mr. Mercer then offered a resolution, the object of which was to require Messers Wise and C hoison to promise not lo prosecute this quarrel out of the House. Mr. Mercer contended that the adop tion cf this resolntion was a duty, pie scribed by the manual id he :d on the House to do its duty. Mr. Jenifer thought the mode of proceeding would be productive of more harm than pood. lie moved to lay the resolution on the table. Ayes 78. Noes oJ was the vote. So it was rejected. Col. Howard then rose, and in a very handsome manner, vindicated Mr. Wise fiom the imputation of hnving given Mr. (.hoison any reason st ail for his most gratuitous attack, lie certainly ".id not

understand Mr. Wise lo impute ;n;y thing dishonorable, or sordid, to the sitting members. He believed his only object vv as to preserve an equality between the claimants ami the sitting member. Mr. Unwind further declared distinctly, that the construction put upon the language of .Mr. ise bv Mr. Gholson w as noi imihor-

i7.od by the language itnl. Me regarded the remarks ol Mr. (.holscn as hasty; and when he said this, be expressed an opinion w hich lie hopud, w ould lead to an ai ranijemerit ol this dispute, Iv I i!i, friends of the parties. Governor I'opc, of Kentucky added his testimony to that of Col. Howard, that I nothing said by Mr. Wie, was intended orealculated to produce the feeling nianifested bv Mr. Gl.olson. After some further remarks from Mesrmns. IV, ; i:rt cc.'.c .;.(.' cUtirCwd fni J',( from ltecause the moisture lias t.rcn jirovioustv dissipateil; tliis inuUturc pru.liii'iug the smuke of coal lire. I. .V 'i (lots tun vtur.i cuid v'l Hit Jirciuuf t:u (.'.; !(! in Miltilit? Itecausc, when the boat begins to operate on the ronl, gas is ntrieate.l; tin. pas carrying tome of the grosser particles alom; willi it, a hravy smoke is thrown out, which w ill not rise in the eiiimnry, but by its own tiravitv is forced back into tin room on winch the warm oir of the apartment bpina lighter than what comes in, instantly avouis towards the ceilintr, and the lower part becomes cooi. lint if a portion of the fuel is taken off. then the small quantity of active caloric, or hent. j acts with greater force on the uncoiistmic'l coal, t'.-iurfs out its latent or inactive heat more rapidly, and thereby producing a quicker decompo.-ition of gisos, by the liierejisiiiy combustion, the nmoke becomes thinner and lighter, and thoueh it carries up certainly more caloric with it jiropoi liouallv than before, yet the quantity of radiant heat is creator, and tho temperature of the apartment is more equrdisc d. U "( i'ii owe chimneys smnkr? Ileraiisc tho wind js trio much let in nt the month of the shnft, or the smoke ii stilled below; or there n oo little room in the vent, particularly where several open in tho same funnel. The situation of the luiiii' neiv likewise ntVect them, especially if backed by higher buildings. 117 1 it a torn moil ronl fire of It n rj!.'.irui,-',u Ini'zb fnrr I Uc fiif lis r.rr'nhil? l'e.-nuso the lire or flame h ft t ilff'.f is o small that it does not produce heat enough to maintain tho inlVimiti temperature, id' the substance: and th remnants are not (rnthered together to re duce the surface of wasteful radiation. Antntt. y i!n(s )rt:ii r thrmvn on n Lrisk mill JljmtrtiT fin ' iipjiiimitlq inn t utt tiC rnni'r.iyf .idi's lie-cause the water is converted into steam, which expanding and mi ving with the flame, caues it to spread out into a much larger volume than it otherwise would have occupied. Arnotl. ll ' o d"t.i titnshinc fjr'tnuish a firt? Ileeaiiso the rays onqatje the oxygen which had l.iliieo.o supported the f.iti. 117.y .,' a f.re burn chur'g atitl 1rhWy in riiV! in i:IIkt'' I'oe.nise the air being more dense, alTbrJ more nourishment to the fire. ll . y it it irnsi f'ul t.i tret smut: ronl? ijcr:inse the moisture, in beinir. evaporated, carries oil' with it as latent, and therefore useless, a considerable poition of what the combustion pro luces. It is a veiy common prejudice, that the wetting of coal, by making it last longer. fleets a creat sa in::: but. in truth, it resit ainn t !:e combustion, and for n time makes a bail fire; it also tci-tci the heat. Why ;K a puhir LJd acrnis a duii Ji.'" '- l ii r Ipca!ic th-' poker receives and concetrates the beat, and causes a draught throuch the lire. U7.y. v-r ''!! .'.-.. A-.. :" I.-,-:. I.!.;? lt'' :iiise el the q'l'iutity el oarhon v!.nh tb.rv contain. U'.v.y ,!..,.. fi.vr f :' ;, r ,.,, ;).. i f.--jdiirf i.r'i.i-u.'-: 'i !;'.'' u lo:nn iii! fr-i ? I !rr atisw bv it- ecu bu-tioti. it 1 1 . -; .- tin- decoinposition of the at most lie: ic air, wl.i.oi ipiently annihilated. Wiiii i!:) ciflu n furn-:c. e ni'riiic i -,r . i -n i .er.luse to" .-.'a. .e t'jir.e of f esh Ii it1 wav to the i him lev . oe ani'iTtj-. foel, whi, h, b.;o cic; t.iriULoi, over, oi ilrra lv bfen eenveited into roke ..r ehar -o.d, had reaped to fioioto-: bv vv hi -Ii e pei'iei.t the cro-scr part- of the fiatnt or smoke are eonsiiined, or eonvt-rtcd nilti puioll i:tie, free tioai sin. ke. ti"-,.. ir, m v. at ii iinis?:nr, , . , n fit Hi rin Z' I'll f'' '' '"''" ''" '"'' lteraese r.- il c"i!t.i:;.ii: inorh h drejen. :ts all tl in. in r er.d .: :.es. is i. 1 -. atcfellv icirn anv il t1..' ;i dro'o u . an s v ittooit bnrninj; tor, fr-t the strut heat wl.i.-li the co ntni-tion i ! su. h hy.iio:en would produce i- not oiitaineii; and, sceoudiv . it'..' !l Jroii, n. vvl.'.lo beeooilll mis, a!'-ol'b sill! : more boat into the bit' nt s! ite than an qua! weijn.l of water would. -New the oiuko of a foe is the lo. .li.'j. u of tin' coal ii"i:u i'l coinoiiiatioa with a j.or'-.o:'. of ,-::U. Ar,i-tf. W'hil -irr ftritita f'trmr often an a! the chiiii-.'-.' of fii-llli'ril furnif.f? IJecatise the heat of the furnace is so great th.it the smoke burns oi. n :u hiuj tl.e oxygen ol the atmosphere. tl7, ; i! i rid :i! .',';:..' :. .4 d. r.h . iff,; m r-.lff-.V.'h-JI.-' llecar.se there are few coals but that present more or less of a woody texture: to bo traced from thu bitum. inred wood, which still bearF. thoueh aiH'roaelnns in its natineto coal ' the trunk. I he branches, nndjeven the very leaves of trefis through all the varieties nf rival, into the most compart slaty kind, of Ihe oldest formation. liuh in ll. Win in chitrrmti hiiiii !imrs found a nnus r'" ; liecaiisc the slate which covers the coal laveis takes fire, in consequence of its containing su'pher. in such minute division, as readily to atlrs t oxygen and lnliauir: thin converting vegetable rel.uains into charcoal." 117. ii arc churcoul and cult uolainri! in c!ufd ITJ.'f.;' Kccaupr the wood f oU roal irom vvne n ni.-. are obtainil. it" similar! heated in the air. would tt.rn or combine wi'h the ejyrrsi of the sit; bui

In ated in a vessi I or place which liclnde air tin v lneit ly iivc out their more volatile parts. IV, y do filial r.rcidints litijptn from i'.e huril' iii!S i f d.iiri niil in rlnii,iliiT?y I'eeau.ie of the ubundatiee of carbonic, acid j;a eMrieated dui inr; the combustion. Why are ihe insides ef water-casks (barred, or ili-'htly burned! lieranse thrc'mrroal thus rrodiircil in the rnks

i k' eps the water sweet, and. in some measuie, preserves the wood Irorn the influence of damp. Why me lon, shallow ttnvc-grates uneconomical ' It. earse the body f the roH! in r,r n sopn heal. d, and reenircs to he oftener reph iu5hrrJ j0 keep np the fire. W hy is the extreme heat of stoves fur heating rooms, pernu ions to health? because, if ihe teniierature be 'thin raiel much higher than .'lOO" Kahernheit the aruninl and vegetable matter, which is found mechanically nuved at all times with the air, will be decomposed, and certain clastic vapors and fluids produced, of a deleterious quality, and peculiar Mncll. 'I'he matter here alluded to is very visible to the naked eve in a sunbeam let into a dark room. Why do Him and sttel when etiuck toyhet'.in produce a show. r of r inks' It. -rinse small portions of one cr both are .truck oil' b-.r:he violence of the collision, j a stale of white heat, ami the particles of the Iron burn in passim; throti.'h the air: in a vaeuurn the htated patti. i. s arc equally produred, f,ut Hie fcarcely visit. le from this mmbustion Hot occurini-. In both rases they F'ailice to iiUljine uiijiok der, or to liirht tinder. 'J'l.ii euriom fart i.s leroreded by IV. Hh-hard-son the iiaturalit,'m franklin's expedition of discovery, respecting the stifle on the roast of the. Arrtic Sea. This shalu romposed precipitous banks, which, in mnnv places irt.f on firt . From t.'ie l-qittr and li rvcr. Tho Farmer's Songf. Sw eet is the'bread that toil hath won. And sweet thesleop it brings. And swcrtN, whsn the dav is done, My cheerful help-mate sinus. How proudly round my hearth I see, My sturdv sons draw near. And O' how kindly smiles on me. Each one that's gathcied here. A thousand songsters welcome me, Forth to my uidly toil; And lowers of many a form and hue 1'piprininr; from the eoil. The spring whose promise beckons me To s.uv the needful itrairi. And cloriouj autumn thanktul sliov Itahaivast inantlc-d plain. The student m 1. i-i narrow rrll Iliads by his riiidni-.rlit la up. I read in nature's open book Truths of immortal stamp, V. bole monarehs tremble on their thrones And quakrs the city's lord; If.. inly stand upon the .ai th, A basis d- ei and broad. Pive.-t is the brea.l th.it toil hath won. And sweet the sleep it brim's. And sweetly when the dav is done, My cheerful help-mate Mnps, How proudly round mv licai th I sea Mv sturdv sons draw near, -iiei o, now uiuuiy smiles on mo llach one that's timbered here. In the Senate vesterdav. a bill was rr.u.n, ,- tho ( 'omtniltta onlinanee, cmbra.-in the fin fist of the Administration, varying const. lerablv from rhe Sub-'l'rtasury sihemo of ihe lulu extra ession. and bv so much the more exrentimi.-il.ln c it varies from that scheme. The bill is of great length, "nd we have no means of obtaining a iopv of ;t. The follow inj is. however, m am, ,,. ry of it principle provi-ions: i irv.'. I eitain rooms in the new Treasurr liuil.'in, with safes and vaults are to constitute the l'rea-urv of the 1'nited States. Srrnnd. The Mint and the Iiraneh Miuts arc - i to be j nbhc depositories of the public inonevs. Third, f'eits.in speria! depositories nre to l' create. 1. vi-. i i ( 'h.-rb ston. Mew York, and liostnn. and olib ers to be rppoicted then for. to bo :il!. d I., ceiv, rs-( iVrrral. with saleries, .V c. Fourth. I'l rr-t.,i:i c ims. Collectors of public; :i'-v i u.av nrike special depr.-ite. iu banks, tbskey e; on fcoch depositories U be rotaiueJ I v the depocii, - c.'',.- t. ifth. Many pr-iv i -ions are propnsi d, bv bond i. I ffloer.vi-e. for ihe sccudty ef Money in tho aaitd of tho-e o.Ti. cr-. .'. l-'xclusivo specie payments for all dues and di -. due t ( Tov. r.inient, to be rrvuiicJ after a certain tim-: say. f.-ur. .n sit vear hence. Another feature, if we undi rstan.l ariclit, nnnuis tae leqni.-m. n e( spei ic payments at th land oti'iccs. perndtt'ciL; the alu riiative of paviiu? 1, roonev into tl.e Trr-iMirv at W'a-binefon, rertite -it'-s cf Mich pav::ient IJ be received as rash at the l.uid oflh-es " Yo. .,,',. Harrison Jfidinz. 'I'he Court House '.vnii crowded last evening, nt the meetingproposed by the friends of the Hero of Tippecanoe, to take into consideration tho propriety of nomiiialinj him for the Presidency . AYe have not been furnished v.hih a copy of the proceedings, they liavliie; been sent to on,y one of the daily offices. Cen. iIAKK'ISON was unanimously nominated for the Presidency. The proreedii)", al ler.rtli, will be furnished hereber. fin. I) ut Wo nr informed that there w ill be nearly lira hundred thousand hogs slaughtered ibis winter, in Cincinnati and its vicinity, 'i'he highest number any previous season, was one hundred and sixty-two thousand. Cm. Jf h itf. .1 Scirulijir Johr. The Society of Arts in London have 1pph handsomely hoaxed. A carriice, with but one w heel, and to be used without horses, was advertised to he exhibited at a certain place, and the public in penrral, were invited to come and examine it. The ardor of their expectation was somewhat dampened when tb.i-y wr re shown a u ltfilhrirrnir. y. '. Pll' (n;ive.