Vincennes Gazette, Volume 6, Number 43, Vincennes, Knox County, 25 March 1837 — Page 1

?-' ni?-v ;u) ' s : 3i iX. rf TV, h: lii fcv-j .U;f;- las- isa pin i-.; M j tes Ccv? cb: A xVv:; 'Tit; in v.-iTiiot-r vz::i. oLvyi: vi. VIXCiEi-, SATURDAY 10iC!A( , MMIL'U. ::. 11337.

VP?

To th.s t'c.ila ct tkj United Slate. 1'fli.ow-v i n. s .s.

jeKigu.out to, re are i com p;J!to i.i., rt" ? ioaxe 1. 1 c.icr u:i my rratein! i"ai;hs lor the many precis of km. mess :ml confidence I have roo iv im I ;.t your linn.!.-'. It ha? been my famine, i.i the discharge of pubhe du:;e;. cii! nti l mihtat v. frequently to have f sm,l nv.-"!i ii t'.r.'.i -alt and trying fritiie.lions, where prcunpi !cc is ion and energetic action, w-te neeov.atv, mid wii -l. Ii 1 die coi:n;ry K'iiios ;1iihi!, U!l l it is Willi tc.-sutre.j that high re: PC leanCSSly CiiCOUUierCi the doe; nek now I r ;:ioi;s ct" :rati:i:Je t'l.u I iMtilii'Mt'd ;ui. unV.r:i onii.it' -t-n sne m evory tvr l. .-Iy p i life lia necii a loi! ..(, n:i i i i:i:i i i.cip? ; i i It ::, at all ti.n.-s, !..: tVs-- f,.:i rrr ".-. Hut I navt' tl,.o oinoiati.ti tf Knowin.; tlj.it, if nu;:i!cs !.,ne l-t-o.i co:;-.ni::to;l. they luvc net scrio-i'-ly tir , .? imiv.iuy I have s anxiously c: l-Mv.ir.' 1 to serve; aivh at tho innitU'iU w!;t-n I r-u.:--leadcrcd tny 1 is; pt.'.-lU; tr.;t. I 5osvo this rreat pooplo proK roit- ::ii'.l happy, in th-.-full rnj -y tiicnt of lih.'rty ami pr:u'c ::! lionniTtl an! rcspccicJ hy cvc;y nation in thfi world. If my liu.iiMe r irt h uv, in nnv tVC"rf. contrihntcJ t pc 'serve you t'use blessing, I !i ivc hef.i in arc titan rewarded bv t ie honors von l:ac !i ijpo.l unon me: and, above all, !v th'enTons eonft ienee with whi-h vo-.ihav '.eercd lov path to no t : fin : of nnli'-ieal life. Th-; time 'vis now vhrn n;!vaneed ;.r,' and I'-rok ,'n frarn' warn inc to retire from pab'.tc cot-ecrns: Put the rocolieclion of tiiti I., a ay f ivors yon have bestowed opon ne i er.L'raven n o on i tv licart, r.nd I hava felt that I oo :'d n "art from vonr ftrvice with t:u onhl; kr.nwl:d ;rra':i! c von. And ii I tothe ItlldO ..-ion I owe to oder to yon the eo in. ci of , ycu wril I t.'e.j!. reec i Jims indu'er.t Iwiuhi -; ro oft.-n o..:ii.'t -i to ne ; (( in them in earnes d in their ia - io .! 1 i., I, :'. ( r:v r,n 1 r ; ;, i 1 . . W'e have row l.v. "tr.-i'T the eon-uitit -n fr lVO and OKperienee, re tiiem v. ilh the s which von have : and wdf, at lea-:. iiv lo 1 n ite. " hhu,:n e t ."0 vo.irs ::; 1 hy the ".a r,:! nt'on. The eon.M.I ;'u'r;n' o; t ;j j-.-v. t.l.'ts 1,; , : ;e 1 !l toon-' ut I .orope Wi rt)Sp:l r; ir.n.j' a i: r I spirit m v ou-n ;.'.( v w ejwl war eq?.inl 'i'h oilier; an I our intiin.i;; oomti.creia! conn.-otions wii!i c-. erv snrt of t lired w-rid, re red it a time nnc'i oo'iieult" for t'i- rover nmet.t ol tue l iii1 We '11 I our seasons of pen-c r.n 1 of w-.r. w rn a"! whi. h precede r l-'iov a .-t.u- of i.o.-'i'iOy with powerf ;1 nations. Yv c en.- me.ic.v.l the ? trial v a'l our eon-'.n.i;:fn et in its iot.moy. .-,;.d mi ler the uis.rN atitiisr '? w hicli n n. w :.n 1 ue.tri' 1 cow rniifiit ttiuat rdways feel, when it 15 ea'.hd r;o"i tt pot fortii its -,vh f.o i-ireiu'th. x. i'.houl P.e li'sts of ex perience to .nude it, r tise wei ffilt'tlts to pi Jtilv i s eie:ii:re.' not preCut we n.ive ivi'sc; trotnipii.oitiv Mrou-n alt t: eimeuioe-. ( mr eon.-titu t ;on is no Ion a do-dofi! rspcrint-T.t: 1. ;.t the end of r-evdv lis'.f a centui-v, u e :".n 1 that it has eserved uaimp.i.i-. d t.ie her i t es i I tne people, pccttred th;. rights ef property, ttttd that our cot: Try h-. ; int. i?riinc r.-toid'v bevend roved rmu is hourt'.iy f.rrn--r rxatnplc in tne ntstory m tsati m. In ouruomesue concerns te.ere i: thing to en -oura-e ti-: an I if you ; every re true ncilum g can snipeiJe vonr hest poini ef national pros march to th.e !;i parity. 1 he states wh.ch b.a 1 ro long bppn retarded in tlu ir itnprovemea;. bv th.e Indian tribes residing in themi.i-t of them re at length relieved from the evil; and this unhsppy race the oritrmal dweller. in our land are now placed in a situation where wc may well hope that ih' V vu'i thare in the blcso.n of civilization, and b saved from that degradation n:i 1 deslractiou to which thev were rapidly hastening while thev remained in the Elites: r.nd while the s afetv and comfort of oetr own citizen have been greatly pronptt bv their removal, the phibm'dirophtsi! will rejs ice that the remnant of that ill-fated J race has been ;.t length placed !-yond j the reach of iejury or oppression, and that th.e pat-m i! care of the general government will hereafter w .itch over them and protect them. If we turn to ceir relations with foreign powers, we find our conditions c.prdly fratifvififf. Actuated by the sincere deure to (iojustieo to every nation, and prcf?rve the blessing of peace, oar intercourse with them has been conducted, on tiff part of thi gov ernmen", in tho spirit cf frankness, and I hike picas-are in saying, that it has generally been met 1:1 a corresponding temper. Pifnetdti i f old standing have been suraioi.nvd by friendly discussion, and th" mnUvi! desire to be j.it: an i t hp claims ot our cit.re::.-, v. iti -h hive been long withhold, have r.t 1 tngth -rcn acknowledged and r. 'justed, and sat l-f.u-torv :irrangee,-,e;i's r.i.ide for ttuir f. ttrd pavipent; and w i'.h a Iiinite,:. an.!, 1 trust, a temporary exception, our relation? wr.h cvtry foreign power are now of the most friendly character our commerce continually expanding, and our ilag respected in everv p.i.Tr:er ol" th" world. 1 Thci'c eheermg and grctrfnl prospects, end these mtiUiplted favors', wc owe. un'er Trovi leit-e. to t'.e a loptiou of the f.-..T..i a-t 0 ,:oa. U is 10 loeger r

qr.cM:on whether this groat country can remain happilv united, end nourish under

i'ottr present lorm ot government. 1. Xpe nonce, tho unerring- test ci a. I human mi-1 ahins Ins tliown th wi-a;oi:i and r.rosi';ht of those who formed if. and lia.s prowl, that in the Tuion of t!;c-c States, mere 1.1 a sere i.mniSatton ior t-io ln-ifrlitcst hopes of IVec.loui, and fur tho liapr.iness of the vcot!o. At rvcrv liazard. ami hv every saetitiee, tins I nton must he pre--erveu. 'I lie nocrs.sitv of wate'iitij v. iih jealous anxiety for tho preservation of the I'mon, was carneslly pressed upon his fellow eitiens bv the father of his country, in his farewell address. He lias there to!.! us, that "while experience shall not have d-mumstva'ed its i.npraetieahili'v, there will always he vea-ons to di.-tn:.-', the patriotism of those who, in r.ny tprirter, may endeavor to w e;;kcn its bond-':' and. he h-s cautioned us, m the st; oncost term.-, a.eunst the formation of avlies, on -eo-Crapliieal discriminations, e.s one of the ni-atH wh'e'i iniht disturh our union, and to which desi-ninp: m.in eti'.d be liht-Iy resort. The lessons contained in this invaluable legacy of Vahintrton to his. country m.-n sliould be cherished in the heart of every citizen to the l itest -eneraoon; and. perhaps at no period of time cotlid they be mere vtsefu'ly remembered, that at the present moment, l'or when we look upon the scenes that are passing around ne, and dwell upon tho pnqv.s of his partm-; address, hii paternal counsels would seem to be not merely the offspring of wisdom and foresi:;h;, but the voice of prophecy. foreteSHno; events am 1 war UlIlT tlo ol the evil to come. forty years have passed, since the imperishable document was i;iven to ! , ; countrymen. The federal constitution was then regarded by him as an experiment, and he so speaks of it in hi address; but an experiment upon the success of which the hot hope of the country depended, and we rdl know that he w as p re pared to lay down In- hie if necossarv. to .'-retire to it a fair trial. The tr rcn made. It has sv eeea ,i . vono the l'l'oh.bvt hoots o; t!u e who nauiea i . i.vtrv r.;.ir:'-r - t tins wuie i ly extend.ed nation Isa-i felt it.; bh'sins, and shared in the freucral prosperity pro(.need by its adoptimi. Hut amid this general prosperity and f-plendi.l success, the dangers of which he warned us r: I" bi Ci nn il r r-v rv- .liv- mnro r-i'itP-.-f 1:1.'

ivi-it'ic p'-ns of evil are su'Hcieut! v apparent

io awdktu ttio ueenest nnxiete in the bosom of the patriot. We hehoid systematic i-iforts pnblicly made to sow th.e 'ee.ls of discord between the different parts of the I'm'ted States, and to place partv iliv i- i . :$-s dircectlv upon gcogrnpliical ditfl'mctions; to excite the south ieraist the north, and the north against the south, and to fotce into the controversy the most d-'iea'.o ant! exciting topics topics upon which it is impossible, that a laro portion ( f the union can ever speak without strong emotion. Appeals, teo. are constantly made to cctional intensls, in order to inI'ueuce the election of the Chi f Magi?trate, as if it were di -.1 h ild favor a particular ep.tarter of the country, instead of fulfilling the duties of !us station with impartial justice to all; and the possible dissolution of t'e.e I 'nton has at length become an ordinarv ami familiar subp'o! ol" discussion, lias the warning voice of Washington been fortrotten? or have designs, already been firmed to sever the toiion? Let it not be supposed that 1 impute to all those who have taken an active part in these unwise and unprofitable discussions, a want of patriohsm or of public virtue. The honorable fcd.ngof stale pride, and local attachments, find a place iti the bosoms of the most rnlig.itened and pure. Hut while such men are conscious of their own integrity and honesty of purpose, they ought never to forget, that the citizens of other States arc tneir political brethren; and that however mistaken th-v mav be in their view?, the j greatest body ol" them are equally honest and upright with th-msehes. Mutual suspicions and reproaches mav, in time create mutual host signing men will '.i! ; and artful and deiwavs be found, who are icadv to foment these, f ital divisions: and loiuameth; natural jealousies of different si eiions of the country. The history of the world is fall of such examples, and especially the history of republics. What l ave yon to g tin by division and diss-.-roiop ? I Mode not yorelves w ith inc neiiet t.iat a oreacli onee ma.ie mav ;uterwards be repaired. If the union once severed, the line of seoaration will grow wider, and the controversies w hieh are now debated and settled in the b.all of legislation, will then bo tried in fiehb of b it: Te, and deiermined by the sw ord -'.1 ..i.i,. . , .xeitner snouio von ueo-ive vom-elves with the b.opc, that the j"tr-t line of fepar atioti would be the permanent one, and that nothing but harmony and eon-ord would be found in the new n-soci it'.ons formed upon the dissolution of this union. Local interests would still be fotmd there. and uneha! -tied ambition. And if tin recou-clion ot common ilar.gT, in winch the people of the 1 nited States flood side by side against the common for: the mem ory cf victories won by their united valor: the prosperity and happiness they he.vt entoveu nnilcr the tvrescnt constitution: the proud namr lin y bar.? r. citizens o llii great rer'dp c: if r.t; l'.r :c veeo'le-

n rest n.u y.ion:' cnott" l to siml ns to-r..; r ne people, what tie will hold united tl new i!nb:o:is, ot unr ire, wlien tlieso no! nds 1 ave hron !'i'u!.ni ;,r.d I i:ion bpMl .rn1. seereiJ. i ne lirs: r.e j;iration would not last for a single generation, new Iragnien'.s would be torn oil; new l. adi-rs vcu!m :-;tiuj t:; tnul tni.- croat and lo - nous republic would :-'0on he broken in'i immunise ol petty states, without com merce, without credit; jealous of one another; armed for mutual agression; loaded with taxes to pay armies and leaders, setkie aid ajr.iiust each other from foroirh powers: inubcvl and trampled upon by the nation? of Iv.ir.-p-. until harra-sed with conflicts, and humbled and debroed in spirit, they would be ready to s'.:!;:nit ;o toe aosolnie uommton ol any tuiutiirv adventurer, and to surr'-nder their liberty for the s.dvc of repose. It ij imiioy.-ibl-to look on the eonse p:tnee that would ine itahly follow t a d. !i,!ll government, and not f we hear cold calculations about th- value of the 1'iii on, and have so cons;utalv be fore it a line of conduct so well calculated to weaken its ties. There is too much at .stake to allow pride or passion to inlluence vour decision. .N evei for a moment be!i. ve that the great body of the citizens of row Stat.? or Spi'cs can deliberately baton I to do v rong. They may, under the inlluence of temporary excitement or misguided opinion.;. commit m. slakes; thev mav be mis;ed for a time, bv the suggestions of self interest: but in a community so enlightened ml patriotic as the people of the 1'uit; d States, argument will soon make them -;eu--iblo ol loeir errors, and w hen eon iueed. tnev wwl he rea-ly to renur them. II they have no l.igm.r or l etter luet.ies ; govern them, tb.ev will r.t least p- reci'.e that their own mtt rests roomi-os ti.etn to e just to othets as thev hope to receive j ustice at 1'ieir haml. but in order to matn'a.in toe union un i nt pared, it is absolutely neee -sai".' that l!ie laws passed bv the con.-tiiuten atsoior-itie-s should be faithfully executed :.'. every part oi the i-o-ntrv, a-n tnat rv erv goo. I citizen r-hould, at all tune, t t-nd ready to put down, v. iili the combined force of the nation, io erv at'.-, nipt at unlaw f d resistance, uii-ler h.i'.evi i- pj tej t it may he made, or whatever shape it mav assume, t 'ncoiist'.tution.d oppressive laws mav no vlouht be passed bv ('ot'grc-s, cither f."m errotir i us views, or the want or utie eminc-ramm: u m-v are vitttin 'die reach, cf judicial authoiity, the remedy is easy and peaceful; and if from the character of the law, it is an abuse ol prtwer not within the control of the judiciary, then free discussions ;,::d calm appeals to reason and to topeople v ill not f ul !o re. lie Hut until the law shall be ih ! tn e ol tl the wron: . bv ttie courts, or r-pealed by t 'otigre -s, no individual, or combination of imh id, nds. can be jnsiilk d in forcibly resi!ing cxecutiou. It is impossible that any government can continue to rit upon tmv other principles. It would cea-e to he a gov erttmetit, and be unworthy t f the r.,ime, if it had not the power to enforce the execution of its own laws within its own sphere of action. It is true that cases may be imagined disclosing such a setllled porpo-e ol' usurpation and oppression on the part ol" the government, a would justify an appeal to arms. These, however, are extreme casr wine loeb re no reason tu V fiend in a governn!"::i where tne power i m the hands of a patriotic people; tend no citizen w ho loves his country would, in any case whatever, resort to forcible resistance, unless he clearly saw that the time had come when a free man .should prefer death to submission; for if such a struggle is o;., e begun, audi the citizens of one section of the country sirraved inarms ainst those of another in doubtful riitittict. let the baule result as it may, there will be an end of the I'nion, and, with it, an end to tne hopes ol irec.oin. i ne victory of t!ie injured would not secure to them the. blessing of libertv; it would avenge their wrongs, but they would them selves share in the common ruin. lint t.ie constitution cannot he main tained, nor the I'nion preserved, in oppoition to the public feeling, by the men exertion ol the coercive powers eonuuei to the general government. The founda tion must be laid in tho alleetions ol the people: in the security it gives to life, lib ertv, character ami properly, m every uiartsr of the country; and in the frater nal attachment which the citizens ol the -ercr: t Slates bear to one another as mem bers of one politieal family, mutually coutriutinj to presn tc the happiness ol each other, llen.-e the ei.i.ens of every Statshould sit.dious'v avoid every thing calculated i i wotne'l the sen.-ib'd'uy or c. fiend the just pride of the people of ether States, and thrv slaved.! frown upon anv proeeedlog hm tiieir o vv n iruerId .civ to otitiea! disturb l' tia'iiuiilitv ol' their 1 brethren 1.1 other portions ot the I i.ion In a country so extensive as the Tniled States, an;! with pursuits so varied, the tnh nut! regnlatiotis of the several States must frr p: -tit! y did'er from one mmdifr in important particulars; rtid this difference is univoida'dv i-er.-ased by the verving principles upon vv h.ieh th" Amrr'c-n colonies w-re origtei'dv plant; d. tuin. io'-s w!i;-h h.ad t-.i!i-n deep root in tl,f ;r er;;l

uon.s ami j.iools ol eonnno.i n, . . . i i i

i re l eia.ion.-i

(hue ti:c i io ;lu!K'ii, aii .1, ihere lore, t-t noec-Mty lntltienonif ti.eir j.oliey ... . . . i Sine;: l. u v beeaii.c free and iiidependrnt Mates lint caeh State has the U!.,p..cnjrot to re "t da to its own internal 1 Uimab ! ecniei tils aet oi uiii!.' to us own jiil'u-u and while it dees not interfer with i i- ht-- of the pcop!- of other States, or tlu i n-'itU ol the I nton, everv ' the m do ind 'e of ihn mi-:.. tate must ires proper to .-eeuie t.ie M.teiv ( t its eui.c ns and piomote t.'iur Ji:sip:ne;.s; and ;:il ctloris on the p:n t of the people ofotlur .'States to cast odium upon th.eir in-tim tious, :-n.I :.li mea-urea ealei.l:it..d to disturb their ri-hts of piopcrty, or to put in jeopar.lv- their peace ami interna! trainpiilii v, are in di reet opositt ll to tt:e spirit m which the I biion v ;is fonited, an ' n::::l cudamrcr its saletv. ?untii..s of plidanthrophv mav be assigned for t!n's unwarrmtal-l- interlerer.ee. and weak men may persuade tin in-; Ives for a mom-i.t that ihi v are lah.nin r jr. iin f..;-,. , (' 1,:m i-.mO.- -ii..! . ... oi'in,: iti the can serting tl e lights of the human race; but cerv one, upon so!x r r.nleehon, will iU e ihat iiot'iiug but l.'.i.-chief eati come il.lil these imoi'i per a 0 , , tl thl' J; ldlll-s -sure.!, that an.! rights ol others. 1 lo -t tho men lomui iiiis-v iti !! .'.-.ir'; i f ,. ihr. cord are not worthy of your confidence. m. I deserve v our strooge-i re'.ro.i-;!ion. nd d 111 the I. :i-!;".!i..l of (' im-aMir- et' the s.-n- rid cm cry peiti.ia et tic I 'nilcl a!-- run in ev. t i l-'llt. iu-tic..- io l's sh .',;!,! I,.- fm!;hilly o!i ciaciI. g'o lVci; u-v. niei.-at can it.ia.l .i:!iei.t viitue in I'..' v...V. um! a ! Ity spirit -t piCneti s'i; ic',1. u' the sonlrl !V. liu-. , 1' ii... r- !- lis er-s .g.ull 11 - ,e;i the j I see t.;u'at !n i'.!l( d ty pu'.iiic spirit, the l.-i -L.ti-ii of t'.nurt -- wail s u he ccn i i ir l in! a srr.uul.!- f.r htm.:ie.l an.! . c. ticr u! -...p .1 ,ta ; . . I "inl r o-ir l'o . iie tituti jas, l ie ciiiz"!i el 1 very ip.n; ter . f our cue 11Iry are cep i'etc el ittuuniii.r !a :!i dig-i. p peoiy sti i.l liiippinrss wttl-oii! I. i:e' I i!i-:es. Ie !!t la., .pci.-,- ,-f ..:.,-,; ;.a acli o " t . 1 , . 0 -,:ui..i i.i ihv e.i.l. t'.il t. Mi. . , ! ..1.--I :!'.! e '. I e.l. for 1!, la if ten. .1 n. ! t.. -.ul .-e.-t en 1 1 S Lit. "i 11. a , -.e.,1 i!,., ii ci -lit-; -lie! f ,t cm -.- . t-..-en :..i,; whea sael, :te-'t-. Jl'.l'l lli'.-l -i-Jtli a llincuts w i tt t.. i V. 1 .! I ilea- e! !i i- V - 1 t'c.t t'l.-o t-U'r..1 ai: oaj-t u-v. an i-!i t ( t t!ie-ceiiet-.i' iz-o ci inn. lit; ;i : a c-.ae a tit! wind-! ea t'.ni I i in ii -.ii.- that there i p.- I 'l l-iu ;-.)V(-,--ael.t t I ul ll'.i'i! olli 1-T it Pv li: ( -e. 1 Icat.' e.uPaa-tv i . o ' ii o . . ii 1 1 ' v - t'-.-i e-t f .r !! i'u pur;-;.- ; t-.r w!.i-;i it w : rd-j! erg e , r. t-encr c. t'r. sslv eiaia 11 ..t.-.l. lia i e eeet p.n ia ei-fn-ati ia i.-r elanaia :.a t!iiaj !-.'. ei: I l-ieai. Kvi l v clle : e t t ) c. i . l e inmi-r lev.iliil l.i-M- linn'--. !.! l e .;--ia p: i an.i Lrnilv im;o. e.l. l'cri-iie i". it i Mi. ni.-e v ia u t I I i till' r la' i.-cres stal i... , . '..-; a'.il if lee piia-i-!.- efc. .. tin ;.. or .Uje .1 .nP.uU.i..e, .T t. lap' 11 :'l '' ' ili'S sliatl i. r 1 s i- al't.-.i Li ji. ei-.'v '!-. i ai of a t - - -.v ; r a..! s 'o ea !.. i c-.c-t C a-ti-n. the eeia r.a cm-- raae-al w ci !.i f. i :e. e;--ib ail (he po. l i e ef le. i .'.ati.ai. ai,.i w.u vviii ao--, oi . IV, . I, I. lit one e..; .-oi i. : it e.l ; .r.-au'a!. I reia l it' eto 0 of ear coea.ti-v . it- .io . I'-iiicii at. ;. .i.. Pi'P-ii i.i pur-en, end ..it"., o ril inait -, it s re.) iilivimts for ; i oo 1 1 a. n'. t'l-O a ; i.. !e i .aisi.iileied e.u i-n; i.-at w eai,! lie wla-Hy in.:.!, ouato to nal' h mi l oi o i pr-tccl it lea. re t a i : 1. iead of -er I.e.- i e-htoiimi ; s i i . . i . i . I I-o iil-A.iv M.e;.,ii,--1 1- ia;iiel ".a. uiiiia:e.i:cd an 1 ia f..!I i x.ir. the ii;!it ad eov.-rei-atv ol" l'.i. -t;ite, iied 1-. i'.ui!iae the a. t : in et':!.c nera! -v: i a e..ci a s.;ij,tlv i- tlie sp!a re el' i;, !tpp.--j.i .te aa i. . Tin rr i. i.-e:-'i oi.. j.-i ea. ct' l!a- p v. , r.- ise-P r-r-sl en I ho federal r, T.-raaa-at . li. ,!!, I., iihc.-e t'.io t.iM-.; jiowei-. I lie pr.idui live :nd cinvei.tui s ail ce ef revenue v. ere i,ives.irily i.ivcn t i it . p.i.it it i.iiv'.it be et le t ) p. rlonn the l up. 'i leal duOca ia pa-ed upon in .ui.l lite I v I.i. h it !i.yupe.n e.eeaa r. e Peine, e.inee.:!ed f.eia iac rral -aver ia the ia: e of l!ie a,ii !c, lin v .! i net . a o ad.ly ati-r-c.no iMll.er ocs hv i -t t'le alter. t:ea i f i'ae .-:!.- : s siaeil-i h-acvi.h-d i'.-aa theci din itiv- 1-v the ' - -. rr. Hot the I -v i:vj..e.l on i-tri!-: tdnti5:1 much the jiriiv ef the e-aiae.i'alv t:t tin eeiaaeacr. aad ;e- la.iuy ot t aese Cniie- .ire lia; a mi artiei.": el la ; c: - ity v. ! i li are daiiy u- ed f y t gri'.it :-' !y ef le.e pee..':e, the lama y r.ii.-e-.l ! tho-e i i n p-i t- i - d.r iu a iVoai t'u ir !. i ts. I 'e .-res-; ha tie ri:'!:t. m.e.r the e. in a.t ee i- :i. to ta laeaev f u:a i!ie .. e.itc, unli s - ii i re-; 1 1 ;,o-d to e v -eeuie some one of ihe peeitie jio-a r.-eat i n-1 si L thecaveraea.it; and if lliev re.i-c laore ('am is ae- (!;: .irv lor mi. Ii purpo-e. it is aa :!e: e if lie jmiv.i r !' t i.it':i.i. .via! ui.ji:t ami . ppr. s.-oc. ii iiiiu', iaih ed. 1. ippeii t bat the reveaae v.iU-ean -liaies eeee ! the nnaae t : . 1 0 1 . ; t e t .1 e. ilea t;i. tae la r. i .i.!. A'!i.'ti h-v.i vi .. '.'a i- a. e. . t.iiac.!. it i : i av t i redeee t!ieae. :e;d. in -a.-h . a it i un.jaestiolialily (It- duty ef the s- -vere-a.-i;! le reduce ttieni. far no i aeiiai-Lita-ei: e;e: tily it ia r.-,-.;.ii:ii: a power let eivea la It hy I lie roietiMti a, 1. r i.l l.d.iaij awav liie in aiev id ihe j-.ei pie. when it U u-t needed t'.r tin- !ia;iuaiate waiiU el ihe c o, rniaeat. Ihain i-s these j-.rinciples e.-opear tn be, you will see that there is a cou.-taut ctlori to induce the general government to go bevond the li its o its taxi power, an moose lumeees-arv burdens upon tiie peop .Many p IVV'li'l .ft i; ir. as are :V v lile it; -- of th: continually at wank to procure 1 tics on commerce, and to swi t! ne- beyond the re.d ncer-ethos puh-iie service, ami the country ready felt the iijer.iou: com'ai i-il indu' nee. i o! hieir lev eihd in oataining a tari.i oi oiitii oppressively on th.e rgyieu ing classes of society, at s liearmg in---" IPiral and laborid producing r rev i'iitte t!i-.it cott'id not he uscf ov Ol

ed wilhi. ) the i-uo-e oft!- jower, , on-i pa'...c e.mloh nee, am, ,.av u.g . i ..:..i.,o ferretl noon Cot; -res: and i-i ord, r to iiilrlnnc vahie, ,ti liuh.e lo j.reatanv. &u..-fish-n upon .he veople lbi vmjm-t and en- den Itneieaif.iis, thereby rem., ling l-rop-e pial sv;eni '( taxation. eMrava-.tut c.-.y mseciiie. and the w eg. s et n. aor i.nschemes' of internal improvement were sh-;..ly and uncertain. 1 -c corpora'. uus r-atup in various quarters, t '.ptmder v. hi-h crte the paper money cannot U die money and purchase support. Th,.. nhrd open - been t.ie - oeu.id.i.g i-d-rru. on, i ,,,,-as,;.-,- v.a- int-na-:-: mufe rm in i.-'.'-m-t. I'l hm-' -f p:-"

- ; i.l to

e upiivKi ny an. oner, anil the abuse pov.cr el uixahen was to be main - lol in .. ; I I ;. . ., . .. . i iiauipiuii tin: .iiv. i i oi cap-, ii l iug the money on iiittnial i::iproa.ini.::t: on cannot h;v e forgotten th- i-evire ;.u do.ihthd ttru ed, hen th. go . ri'iuei:'. ale ihruiigh v. hich v, e .as - - I Ixetiitivt: dep.. itniLiPi ef the by it.i veto, i-;;tl..-ai;red to aire.-t ttu pro'.ii;od sciu m and to l.rint: b; ,-k the h gt?i oi l.'.je.si.cf, item ,.f Cou - grescoii . eal j to the boundaries prcsciihtd ..oon. i ..o goon sense auu pi;..-..-.Igemeut of the people, when the in :t ' s-o uuu.t i. it ..1, ..;;:i- . ,.r I '. : l .' : td ; I n i . & v i o .... i.Atuui.L, .. l . 1 1 - iil c- lllieoustitu'ioiial i xptndihii ; on . I, .. .., : a i . . ill- iiiu:uh-iu coin, in .ia.a'.itcc is, l truiia - fu. all v to i r throw i.. The res i It of this decision has been ft It in the rapid extinguishment of the public -debt, and the large accumulation of a surplus in the treasury, notwithstanding the larrilf was; reduced, ami is now not very far below the amount originally contemplated by its advocat.'.. lint, illy upon it, 'he design lo collect an extravagant revenue, and to burden von with taxes heyuiid the economical wt.ii.s of the government, is not vet abandoned. The various interest which have combined tuecihi r to impose a tariff, an.l to produce an overflow mg treasury, are too strong-, and have too much at td.ike to surrender the contest. Tho corporations and wealthy lnihvnluais maimfaehn ing estahli-hiiieiit. desire a high tarilf to increase th r ir i ' I.; signing politicians win support it, to ei.n- j eiiiate their favor, and to obtain the means of j pin! use expenditure, lor the purpose ol i -1

chesihT iuihn tice iti other uii.t; tars: and:l'""'e w ill I ec

sinee the i eoole have ilecided that lire l'ed-1 end ( io verm ii en t can in. t be nei milted to emi i . o'oy it incoiiie in internal improv eie.i nt effort will be made to .-.educe and ini.-h ad the citizens, ol tiie teveral states, liv Iioluing out to them t! ic eceillul prospect of ben- ( his to he dcri'. en hem a sui pin ; revenue i iceted bv the geta r.d govern!:. cut. and ;

auioodly divided among the stKte;. Audi 'oini a dc-pi tciated or v. ert':!c.-s. and ad of if, i 1 1 e o it i.i g e .1 by these fdh.eiei.is iiOpe-,i' is ia?i'.y counterfeited, iti such a manner the states should disreg-rd the hrinciplco j to require pi ci.liar saiil end much ex-

oi ecotaemy which oue.ht to eotiraet-err.e .very their i themsi tb.ev :i eiiu.eicau goveruntt lit, e.tt.i snouio : in iavi-ii cxponditim s exeetding -oLOees, thev will before huor, li p. el Ives oppressed with ih.-hts which e unable to pier, and the temntation will beeoaie iriesi,ti' le te, suppoit a high tar. If. in order to oh'., .in a setr;!.is !nr ili.'iduiiiiitt I ' noi alio..' v on tselv es, my liliow eiu.ens, to he m: -ii ,1 on this subject. The federal (Jovcrouo n; cannot i idiee! a surplus t ar such perposes. withe-ut violating ihe principles of the eoa.- 1 1 tl: t ion", and a.-se ri: i e a- o.oa. i r s v, 0 i.-semiiig oower.s 10.1 have not been ; a sv.-tt in of inj tt -anti d. . It is nior. over ace. and, if persisted iu will mu-e v. all ii.-. et.'.ali; e lead to corruption, r.i end m ra.n. 'i'he : i:rphi- revent he dr.:.'. n f.i.-ui t.he iim-ki-ls of tl oni - fanner, the mcci...oie. iind the ia who will ring eias.-es of toeielv; but receive it when distributed imor.g t!iO state.-:, v. l.rre it is u.. -posed ol .1 bv leading t-.to jioliticians, who have friends to favor, and partia::.:, to gratify? It will certainly not be returned to iho.-e who paid it, anil w ho have most need of it. and are houesdy eniitied. to it. There is but one side rule, and that is, to cmiiue t ie ( uerai gov e..nn sphere of its appro; rigatlv J lliiUi 1 tlo It n: no power to raise a revenue, or nepo lexer, except lor le.e purposes enumerated in the cojisiinhioii; and if iis income is found to exceed th.o.'e wait'.'-, it should he forthwith reduced, and the burdens ol the people so far lightened. In revicw.ug the eon diets w Inch have taken place between ilih'eriiit i:.U rest in the I nio-d State-:, and the policy j.ur-ueti sinee tint adoption of our pre.' cut form of govt ruin.' nt, v, e I.e.. 1 ln.l.ioir 1 t . -i 1 low i.rn. dneed sue! deep seati d ( v il a the roure f legi-le.tioii in relation to lue currency. The cuu-titution of the I nitial Si .pe.eslionahly intended to secure tcs unto the oeop:e a circulating mediui.i ol go,, I and silver. Hut. the cstabli -h men: of a m. tum id hank by (.'.ingress, with the privilege H issuitig ;u:per money re civable iu tin p.ev iiicnt of ihe public dues, ynd the uniortuiiiite cicjisc ol u gi-1 ti in tie : i. v i ;lat pon the sai.m hnbjcc: aiio:: th- ro;:-!:'.'.r.:o!:al id:.- dtuted o::c of pa; r lli.i.l cm ri n r in it: from eir. ev, and place. It wrv ordinary tcutiou i m ' ea-v ior ii . r i.i a i- i.g: -ille.-s, v I I'SuilS . not i-c era wu to the subject, to foresee nil the ia n-cpn ilea a of a eairency exclusively paper; and we ought not, on that account, to I e surrris we i 1 at th: facility with which laws ohtai.i'id io e '.rrv iu'oi fleet the J atier :': -. u. st an ev ei) i met:, are .'.o;r.e ti.iii s misled by i ,. ;..,-: .- ! i -hms'ible : h! u.et-s l f i -ile-ov i i! : . 1 1 evj ... hiel ee l -de! u ! it reds v. ihe prep, r ucc li o VV -1 -;; i del the me tvnev. -. ef eurw 'if. 1 1 . i 0 be rre iounec.: or f" it- I in

jpeniy, when eoiuidcnec is liigh, they arc ! tempted Lv the nrosntct tlf ,r ,tn i...

o - . .. b "' "J .i.t jnii-it-ii' e ('i tuo.-u wjio Jiopc to proft bv it, te, exh-ud their issues of paper beyond the Lottltds of discretion -.,,1 ,. I reasonable demand cf business. And j when these issue have been pushed on, .from day today, until puhlte eonfdenc.' id at ici.ghi Miaivcti, tin i: a reaction takes Ji - Lee, and tl.ey iminedhi'.ely withdraw tim its they uute givti:, suddenly curtail ..it ;.-i-.-i.es, and produce an unexjiected j and rmnotis contraction of the circulating ! . iucuium, veil tea IS lett l;v !'- w ; ... .... , I. c-m- . Il: l u . ; . 1 ' e o;o .. .. . r . - ill. 3 l:ie:t!'.', ,f.ic tilt ir.tuvcs, ami hie iniseine voas coe i .... . a: ..re v i.-itcd upon the public. ,;.r dues the eviU'.op here. The ebbs and f;ovs in the currency , and these indiscreet e.x-len.-ioi s t f credit, naturally engender a spirit of speculation iejurioiis to thn habit and elciracter ( f ihe people. Wc have i.lready s-cu its et!' cts, in 'the v. iid sj.intof speenlatiim iu the j ad he lands, and various hinds ef stock, w hich Within the last year or two, m ized upon such :i iiiidt. i..de of our citizens, and threatened to ja ivadu .-el cla.-.-e.,' of si ej, tv, withdraw it.eir a.t ti.tiou hum 'th, and to sooer i one.-t ltiuu-try. It is not bv tneoura'. h.i.s .'jturit ti'iat v e sledi hoc. i:re,erve piil-lie virtue am! promote tho true jii'crtat of our eounhy. Jin; if u;ir ... . e, is ; r.Xcni.-iVeiV paper as ii r.uv. is, ;i vv ul lostcr tios r iksira I 'o an V. 0 w . hoct Iahor: twill u.ul"i i-a:ij.i ei iicp-..::.:e;.ts on aeeoiiii!!0v.i!tions mid tank fav or baiili tho tempt i . :on : u :::e::ey gt ar.y sacf:''"ii't;r, and ;ue4 'ta!-ly lend t ci rruptiee, which will 11 "d !.-' vav o our luihhe councils, and the piu;:y cf of the ev.ls 4 no distant day, fiiiucnt. Ncnie yot.rpov v, h.eh ari;. pi"e.- w id boia this svs'.em of pap.T, p euiiar hardship upon tho 1 '.i-s c. botn-y j, at ;..,4C to beLr r. X c j a porti-m of thi e irreuey lVeqnentlv bck in e to ois'.ia; . :..e eeeufc-.-h it fee:: I o ..v; ai.iac i.-j.-a The-e frauds ere :.. , : ecr tr.ded in the ei:t:.:i.:r note-s',' w iu the daily trans. a hum; of i Ich are iiSed diutirv busi-nt-s; mil the 1 us e oceasi; ned ! hv theia ...v , v ouooiox ii.iiai ;i upen the iahonn-" ei; ses Ot soeielv. w hose sitaatirei - I pnrsiuts put ; out of their power to guard tuci.i-c l c- 0. whose 'daily W :r:c impositions smJ es are ncn-.-.- rr io ii.,.;. suh- i..r-r.ce. i: i ...... j . ,;ril tue duty of v erv cm-. i inl : so to rcgiilat. currency as to jui teet thie nauii ran ileal, h- Iram tiie ii.i -a. fraud. It is -p: ,-i. bait! .1 States, v. here i i.tph. he dlv the ,y ela-s a f:r as prae--it:on of av ;u ice and lv the duty f the the guveiumout is :': '.::-. :.'. ol the neo- : , ; ml wnee ...... e.-t,. I h; P'g-ia.n tf ... i oariioeusM-ep,-.:; :'v ,' .g ..,0 l..e b.boiiiig cla:. ea i f all other nation-, by their indeiif uhnt ioint. their boa ',;- !ioae 'o rr ...... I't .1 t l-ertv, tneir i::h-he- i ' 1 . ...e.r ios,s tono 1 iieir itidas'.ry m I our wealth; na-.i s ruvi ri d i;s with (,-f moral chi.raet-. r. peace is the bource i their brav erv iu v, ;ir h g-ji-y; an:! Il.e govern ;.n nt cf the I'm led i Matt s v. ih but il it h-aves tbi m a ittlOOSltioi: :. o I : ...r;-e its duties, if fo ueh dishoiost evident that t!icr etiially j ruteete.i, i'e ri L'.O.'i d to eiret it iit'.ere-ts ctaitn itMbsih-n-:.:, e i ct'.:-..l:oii. 'J hese Views :,';;.-. ed' hhfi J'i'per enrrcuev. are S'tliiritn; to call f..r cm .!;.,... reform buttlitre is anot'ier co;,,idera!;e-:i which should -tiil ma re rtivn-jly press it upon vtr.r t.f.c nti. ti. i fnave ia of liie t . .... i . i. p- va o l::rt t..c path: co.intrv mav mid., rmiua your at those w ho de; ir.i p.r ;:..:.. v sy;.; iiC U.-ed as an ( free jnsiitutmm to ii;.g:o s all i o e.a r iu th haiuls of the tew, t-ud lo gov are a e. ...a id' i : emplov it. "S ccn upturn or t- .ree. p'-vwr, and p re j tared to r iaud.s r.ovv iinm-h your m. ilium, ami money id -, according to the ouantionly oh ii i . la: cu,;..;i. , i r : car. iv oi t otes i.-.-ui . have (aoitals n d , i i. v loom, eatly .lis; are camp, While they ropo; .icnt-'l tli-rs m buto ( ta n i.tta r. t:,e the,-. sim-.-s il'iim: -.1 onr o! litem can e;:; reo.u n over the ie;d: m.d idthough, in th.e jirc.-'Cnt Male of tin. cmrencv, tiie: e nana- may ami do ota rate iniutiousiV' Ho on the ' .! :ts of ! u ines. the pecui.iarv i.ci-r:::--, ma: o;e mo: al tone ot secietv . ye', from their i.i.n;!e and disper.-ed itur.tic .i, they cannot combine for the purpose oi pel. ileal i ii 11 ueuee; and. v. hau-v er may be the di.-poshions c f .some of them, .!.;ir pov.arof ml,-chief in ust ia ice;ni i! v be eon lined to a narrow space, and ibltoniv in then immediate neighborhoods. Ih.t v. pen ,e in r of :!: Hank ef th hit. inc d f-atn 'o'-.ovrr I'l.ited States V. it pcif- ci-il ihe : clu. in. id the Jiapi. rsv .--tem, ete.l gave to i'.t advocates, the po: iioii they have .'tregghal to obtain, i.Ooi the mtiieneement ef the federal govei..lui nt down to the present hour. The immen.se capital, attd peculiar privileges bestow ed upon u, cnabh i it to e xerci-.f .if '- po .ic sv.-.iv over the ether banks in e ver art ol tne country. l"rr (111 l'S F u ;ie ri o. ' o destroy, the b ess ol anv e.ue of therti w liieu m.gdi'. incur us resentment; a;t. it openly dsitni d for itse lf the power ofreg--fhoi-g the turrreii.-'v throat hoe Un-i-i t---.l fs-;-r ... 1- ('.:.- w-id., tt 3. T,;:f"i

I