Vincennes Gazette, Volume 3, Number 5, Vincennes, Knox County, 13 July 1833 — Page 2

K s M l AY. .1 i'l.V Another anniversary of American Jnde. prudence ha been numbered, anil the ac clamations of a still unitol people have hailed tt with joy mid gladness of heart. The awful an.fpnrtmtou storm which at one tune during the year that ha? elapsed, threatened destruction to our happy union and to deluge the country in the blood of friend and brethren, h is pased over; and although to the proceeding and toast? vmn in this village on the 4th inst. we can see the tra k of nullitv ation, and hear the Unit and distant muttering of the Once dreaded storm, we feel assured that the here?y is dead, the epidemic ceased and can look forward to a long succession if years to come of peace, and union. We have ever subscribed to the doctrine ht be tolerated" when reathat "et ror twg

son was left tree to combat it; w have, q( maU,ria exls.encVdeath, diso therefore, unhesitatingly inserted in our ut,n f WP will make this examination, paper of this day, the entire proceedings Ivve shall find that we have a government of the 4th inst a furnished to us. Not-IIT4'' adapted to a free people, and ad ,. . .. mirably calculated to preserve us in the Withstanding thai, the tendency ot some! nj(1)mt,nt of aU t)P ,iber con,lslenl of the sentiments that day given by some j wjthour welfare and prosperity, wherein of our most respectable citizens, aie en- the full sway of the sovereign will of the tirely at variance with our own feelings pp(T,e 'y ,""'te,, hJ ,,hc authorized , . . . r . . .. . operation ot the immutahle principle ot and in nment. A meteen-twentieths o . 1 . , . ' ' . a J & jntue. and wherein our natural liberty the people of the w est,w e honestly believ e, oncP diffused and spread out. is brought to abhor the doctiine advanced by S. Caro-a channel whose course is plaint) defined, Iin.v They look to the effect, and they jand "hose banks are safely dyked and so J i t cured against future inundations. Man in et it m strife, in civil war, in slavey pf;te of- n;ltme kw,w n ,.m llllhimvn ry, in the prostration of our republic, to jwill, no rule e I action but his ow n caprice Mitch the friends of liberty throughout He was like the untamed E 'gle that looks the world ruunt. as an illustration of the j -abroad on the blue expanse before him.

.... , doevr-ne ibev ac vance. that the people - j i

Can govern rnem-eives. i ney care n"ivision. As a socj;l lflnei ne ,9 lP tr,nr,

. . rr- . .

for the tine spun theoties and abstract prin- r,j falcon that makes hi- qu.irry , but comes ciples of politic al mountebanks, who inland goes at the sound of the shrill call the advancement of their doctrines, con-hosp natural propensities are restrained , , . . , , .. ir bv ceitain checks and laws. He has resuit tht.r own interests and ambition, "If-.. a of ,)is nit(ir:ln,be, ty for and not country. In short, they look upon (np henofits of society. How much, or r.ulhtKation as a monster of such hideous, what part depend upon the tenor of the mein, that to be hated, need? but to be compact, the bowl of unionand this bond id iKrt.tntitMti-t Our rnitiititiihon ia nnt

seen . r f -

The Oration delivered by vou on the;' not line rne magna cnaria o, i.ogiano, 4th inst being highly approve.! of bv the ,fiP 6rant of attain rights and privileges rit.ens generally, we would respectfully f'0"1 f" absolute monarch, to slavish but

request ou to furnish us a copy for pubKcaiuui. Your, with lespecf. A. HADOLLET, S WISE. T J CAKSON", GEO. HAH PER. July 5th, 1S33. Messrs Papollet. Wisf.. &e.

(ienilfmtn In answer to your note of element, when the black cloud of war. to-day, I would say. that although I do not : which had been threatening so long, broke feel myself at liberty to deny nur request, in all its fury upon her. Thanks to the yet. I am . ti ?ent, I am indebted, for the skill and prudence of her commander, al i. t a nog manner in which you mention ' though loosely put together, badly provimy effort, to your kind partiality, ra sioned and miserably equipped, she weather than to any intrinsic merit of its own. theied the storm in s-afety. Yes! When Having In hut a very short time to pre-! the storm was at the highest, when the pare U, I hope the public will look with enemy was pressii.g her the closest, and an indulgent eye on its many im per fee j ruin stared her in the face, the well known tions. I herewith send toua copy of mv! voice of her commander w as heard above

Oration. Yours, rf spertfullv, H N. CAR NAN July 5th, 1S33. O R J TfOA FELLOW CmZEXS: We have assembled again to commem : orate the anniversary of our national in dependence to celebrate that day on

which our fathers shook from their arms.ner masi 8 neau, ami sucn win always he ,nofox expounder ol political science, afthe shackles of a foreign vassalage and j the result w hile it Jl iats there, for 'wilhler haiiiff taken a cunspiruou pari in our proclaimed to the world that they were aj 're edum's soil beneath our feet, ami free-j irVoIutinn, was sent in 1781 to France free and independent people. "r wasa dom's banner o'er eur heads," our march ; on a (1,lomatic mission Being there custom among the Romans of celebrating: must always be onwards, onwards, to vic-:j,Jst ,tfore tjKlt revolution broke out, all gieat national events by offeiings tojtory and to glory From the close of the j u j,, (imiCie(j France in bloocf and asthe god?. It was a good custom, which "volution to 1787, nothing of moment' finished the world, and seeing the corrup Iris in a measure obtained in this country, occurred. Although there was disaffec j ,, Hlh lU)li,cs nf the court and ruling ina.-murh as it not only inspired a sense of i tion in pome parts of our country, thoie p0werS Came to the conclusion that our flcpendance upon an ovei ruling Provi- was not what may be properly called par liberties had more to dread from the abuse

nee, but serve, to keep alive that spirit oildetty, which gave birth to their Jrer insvitutions lt is meet then that on

this day, we should come up to the temple post bill by the state of New York, awaol liberty and offer our thanks for the past, kened the country to the crazy condition of

and renew our vow for the future. It is phi ely a joyous spectacle to see twelve millions of treemm e:,giging in celebrating the biith day ot their liberties When Go. I said let therp he light, and there vvm light, it was a juh,re to the natural world. Old ocean (K hark to her bod. mountains rai-ed their heads, order ;snd beauty sprang from chaotic confusion, and the whole faro of nature was kindled with joy. When our fathers proclaimed to the world, that all men were bom frrp end equal, it was a jubilee to oppressed man Man put off the trappings of the slave, and came forth in all the dignity of bis nature tyrants trembled on tl.eii thrones the tire was kindled on the altar cf liberty, and our own republic, like the fabled isle ot Delos. emeigcd from the trouble.! ocean of discord and civil atiife, tcj take her place among the nations of the earth. Hut it may be asked, have re for rpicia.? What is the ta

turc of this change? Man is too prone to enjoy the good thing" placed before him without examining their nature or mmo siiion. Like the Athenians, he worship the unknown God without endeavoring to inform himip,r of his nature He rhauots the watchwords of party, as some (jood Christians do their Te Deums, with (mi knowing the import of the words they ne It ia true, we are no longer an pppendage to a foreign state we no longer how to the I i r 1 1 1 h lion, but are an inHe pendent nation nation, and have our E i

gle. It is true, we have a w idely extend ed country, "terra potens armi at que nere gleba?.1' beautifully diversified with hill and dale, and admirably adapted to the growth of every thing which can con fer wealth and happiness Hut the ques tion is, what is the nature of our govern-j ment ? What ate the rights secured to u? To throw some light on thi subject, I will attempt to give a short history ol th par ties that have prevailed in our country and the principles for whkh they contended Government is the ship upon w hich we have embarked. The constitution and law? are the compass and chart by which we direct ourcouise. Coming into existence as we have, when this vessel is un der full sail, born as it were, on the high seas of the political world, we do not take time to examine the peculiar mechanism of her construction, but ate busily intent in trimming her sails to catch every prosperous breeze to bear her forward, boundP Vr the waves of time, to that destiln.iti.in r f .ill evf-llilv itlinTS I h :i t lllfirrn 'and feeling unfettered awl unbound, stooi . ..... .. . . s at every object of prey that cros-es his lit lilt; V Wlir-mxur'U. xi u ui'in u iv ti m ithe charter of our rights, it i- the barrier against the encroachments of power. .t gr""""K ru-jen, -u, i.r-..,, ,(...., , an absolute and sovereign people of what part of their natural liberty they will relin quish for the brnefj's of society, and what part of their soveteign power they will deposit in the hands of their ministerial agents for the purposes of government. Our ship of state was launched in 1775 Scarcely had s-he reached her destined the din of arms and roar of elements, ex hort.ng his men to the contest, shoutingj the battle cry of freedom, liberty and in-1 dependence, forever, down with our op. pressors; ano sirs, they did fall; for when all was bushed, and the battle's roar had ceased , and the cloud of nioke h id passed away , our ow n gallant ship was seen proud h riding the waves unscathed, uninjured,

with the star-spangled banner flying atjlicen PstPPme(i in this country, as the or

''fS organized and contending for different principles. This disaffection, but more especially the vetoing of the im our shir, and to the necessity of overhauling and re-modelling her. In May, '87, a convention met for that purpose, and on the September following, the present constitution was offered to the different states for their adoption To this event n e may date the origin of those two great parties, which for many years after, shook uur government to the centre. The question then was, the adoption or rejection of this constitution ? and there were strong parties in diffeient states opposed to it. It is title, that there had always been on der the old confederacy, a struggle between the congressional and state authorities, which resulted in the abasement of the former, but the pressure of danger from abroad prevented that asperity ot leelmg that was afterwards exhibited. -The election nf Gen. Washington in 17C9. from his great popularity, it was thought, would put an end to all party tuckering ind for the firet var of lit adciinistra-

tion, this hope seemed to he realized things went on quietly and smoothly. -ut partyism was not destroyed, the fire was smothered but not extinguished; i' wa the calm that preceded the storm, for in 1790, when it was proposed to lay an impost on domestic distilled pirits. for the purpose of relieving the country from the immense debt which bung like an incubus on its prosperity, it was immediately made the rallying point of party. I( was de nnunced an excise a tax particularly odious to the people; and its bitter denunciation and violent opposition, promoted and encouraged those insurrectionary move ment, which were afterwards seen in wes tern Pennsylvania, a section of country that had violently opposed the adoption

of the present constitution . The projet. for the establishment of a national bank which was laid before congress the same jear, widened the breach between the parties by drawing into the controversy the most distinguished men of the country. It was upon this question, that that difference in the construction of our constitution was first taken, which continues to divide the country to the present day. Although the bill passed congress, the cabinet were divided upon it. The Score tary of State, Thomas Jefferson, was decidedly of the opinion, that congress had transcended its constitutional powers. while Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the Treasury, thought differently. The former contended for a strict construction of the constitution, the latter for a liberal one. The former urged that the founda tion of that instrument was laid on this principle, "that all powers not delegated to the U. States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, or to the people;' that the constitution empowers congress to make all law- necessary for carrying into execution the powers delegated to the general go vernment that a bank was not necessary that the opposite party only pretended that it was a convenience that the doctrine of convenience may be tortured to apply to any thing, and that such a construction would break down all limitations in the constitution, and convert the federal into a consolidated government The latter contended, "that every power vested in a government , is in its nature sovereign, and includes by force of the term, a iignt to employ all the mparts requisite and fairly applicable to the attainment of the ends of such power, which are not precluded by the constitution, not irrvnoral, and are not contrary to the essential ends of society that the bank was a mean fairly applicable to the attainment of the ends of some of the powers vested in the general government, such as collecting taxes, borrowing money and regulating trade These two great men equ illy attached to their country and to liberty, from differing in their views of government, became bit ter enemies. Their difference of opinion, it has .ecu said, may in a great measure be attributed to circumstances Alex in der Himdton, a name that every American should be proud of a name that will fill a bright place in the annals of our country, received from nature a mind of the highest order. He possessed in an eminent degree the talent, the most ue ful of all talents, the talent for business ?io man contributed so much towards relieving our country from the creditless and almost bankiupt condition, which the close of the revolution found her in, and towards restoring our miserably debased currency to a sound state, us Alexander Hamilton did What Thernistocles vauntingly said of himself, Mr. Hamilton's bio graphermay with great truth say of him; that he possessed the talent of making a small town a populous city . This gentleman in early life entered the army, where seeing and feeling the impotency of the Id confederacy, and where seeing and feeling the embarrassment in which the government was continually involved by ,lie it,.lamy nf the slates. came , m ,hat denies har to the 1 to anprehen(, dangfr frnm an qiJ;tr,e,, lt wa. ,rom fhp s,.les ..nf, lhe..(floie VV;1S in favor of a strong government of giving t he general government all the power requisite to carry into execution its own maMiies Thomas Jefferson, who has .)t 'power by the executive than any thing a0(j i,erefore was in favor of a rigid construction of those powers delegated to the general government. These two gen tlemen were the leaders of the two parties and although members of the cabinet, there was no measure of the administration, which was not assailed by the one or the other. Such were the violence of their hostility, anil the bitterness of their animosity, that the efforts f the execu tive were paralyzed, and the wheels of government almost stopped. I lie 1 resident felt himself constrained to remon strate, but he remonstrated to no purpose. What contnbuted to increase the excitement, was a contrariety of sentiment respecting our commercial regulations. The Secretary of State was for making discriminations in favor of nations having commeicial tiealies with us. The Secre taiy of the Treasury advocated strict equality. The celebrated resolutions, ol Air .Madison of the year following, by vlnch it was proposed to raise the duties u the manufactuies unJ touuage of some 'Marshall? iifeof Washington

foreign nations, mvl to reduce them on those of others, had this object in view, viz: discrimination. Then came the French fever, as it is called. The peculiar situation of France at this time was calculated to create the deepest iutetest in thi country, and to awaken all our sym pathies in her behalf She had been our friend in time of difficulty. She was now herself strugcling for liberty striv

ing to throw off the yoke of despotism, which had been galling her forages; and when in 1793 England declared war against her for asserting and maintaining her liberal principles, such was the ardor and enthusiasm with which we expoued her cause, that it required all the itiflu ence and authority of the executive to preserve neutrality on our parts France had unfurled the banner ot freedom, and having just shaken off the bonds of sla very ourselves, were willing to rally round her standard, wherever it might be orected. The first democratic society was formed at Philadelphia in May, '93, goon after the arrival of the French minister, Mr Genet; and branches were soon established in every part of the Union. The avowed object of these societies was "the circulation of useful knowledge, and the liberal communication of free principles,1' but their real object was to aid the views of France by keeping up the French excitement. By uniting the elements of disaffection, and by warmly espousing the eaue of France, they gave the opposi tion the ascendency in congress. Party warfare began now to be carried on with

UUI,1".U,MU,:1 ..i""uy an.. "P'"'iboi?terou9 times, which have iust past in

-. I : i i

ferocity. I he Indian war was reproha- fev iew tefure U9f to the ,unny d v8 that ted. The President was charged w -ith ls,icct,pj0j. ndee( the administration of continuing it longer than necessary, fr !, r Monro, seems to have been the golden the purpose of raising a standing army to of m)r repullljc when the lion and establish a monarchy; the navigation flll0 i;unb lied down together-wher, partv Missispp, also produced great excite-! ,Hlinr(ion9 a0(l .,f,rly differences were ment in the west, and the opposition even hur.ed-when democrat and federal assowent so far as to attempt to impeach the!ciilte ani, vote together-when these two Pres.denttorpeculatinglromthe'lreasury.! ir;if stream whicn h:t(1 bcen ,).dSUng

The election of J-ihn Adams, in 197, placed him at the head of the federal party, which so far from throwing oil on the tioubled waters from appeasing the

storm, 9eemed to impart to it fresh vio ;great national stream, the Republican, lence and fury. His principles were as- j It is true, there was a division of sentisailed, and his measures passing through ment on the Bills tor chartering the prethe crucible of party ism, were held up to sent Pauls of the United States, and lor the country as glai ing evidences of aris- the adjustment of the taiiff. A part of tocratical opinions, and of his dispo-i- the old democratic party contending for tion to establish a monarchy modelled a rigid construction of the cotitution and after that of England. The charge of i the consequent unconstitutionality of these aristocracy seemed to have some color; measures Put the show of opposition for, in several political tracts published was trifling, men were tired of strife. In by him, he advocated the necessity of a 1823. the tariff question began to excite balance of power in our government for great inteiest in south, and on its revision the preservation of our liberties. From-jin '21, parties were fairly divided on it. which was inferred, that he was in favor jThe south were opposed to it on princiof distinct orders in society. His alien , pie and as a matter of policy. They conand sedition laws increased the exci'e j tended that it was unconstitutional, and meut. Virginia and Kentucky , took a, they complained that the policy was imbold stand against them, in their faoious poverishing and ruinous to them; that resolutions, of In w hich the one, j there once fine fields and splendid estates Virginia held, that where the general j were but the mementos of their former government transcends her poiver3 and jgreatness, and that it was sacrificing one passes an oppressj ve and unconstitutional part of the Union to benefit another law, that a state rather than to submit The friends of the tariff contended that

to such oppressive and unconstitutional law. has a nht to secede, and the other, Kentucky declared, that she had a right, under such circumstances to nullify such law. To such a height did party spirit run, that it seemed as if the whole country was reeling under the intoxication of party excitement. This gentleman in 1801, saw himself defeated, heaid his "nunc dimittis" sung, but he had the satis faction of living to see many of the important measures recommended by him, adopted by his political opponents, and no one at this day doubts that John Adams was an honest man and a patriot. The election of Thomas Jefferson brought the democratic party into power. The federal party then became the opposition, and shew as much rancor, intemperance, and unreasonableness, in their assaults upon the

administration as ever were displayed by sphere independent of the State Governtheir opponents. When England had, ments; that the Supreme Court is the sole under pretence of searching our vesselsarbiter of constitutional questions, and tor contraband goods, impressed our sea-j " hen the case cannot be brought before men, insulted our flag, trampled upon the j this. Court, there ij no remedy, the will laws ot nations, anr in fact play the tyrantf the majority must rule There is no as she always does, when she has thejne, but must have telt the critical situapovver When by her ever-rhanging or- tion in which our country was placed by ders of council, our merchants were im-jthe position of South Carolina but what posed on, our commerce rendered preca-;mus.t have felt, that the cause of mankind, rimjs, and our feelings as a nation trifled ! the caue of liberty, and our bright proswith: when after all this, the executive ; pects were jeoparded but must have recommended the non intercourse and em- seen amidst the din of arms and hurlybargo acts as the mildest remedies: thejburly ol war attendant on a collision of opposition were for war. War, war, they j the states and general government, some cried! Shall we be insulted said they jCromwell, or some Bonaparte, rising up with impunity? Shall our rights be tram- and taking the reins of government in his

pled upon without resistance? No! it must not hi. The administration is imbecile, cowardly, and wants energy. War came, and these gentlemen were its vio lent opposers. Mr . Jefferson retired from the Presidential chair the most popular man in the country. It is tru, he lived to see the fallacy of many of his opinions. Ardently attached to free institutions, if he erred in any thing, it was in being too abstract in mingling too much phi losophy with his politics, lie had drunk deeply of French philosophy. The illu minati of France had made a set against the christian religion. What they could not accomplish directly, they effected by intrigue and management. They aimed to control public opinion. To do this, they possessed themselves of all the avenues to literary fame, they paid court to the capitalists, they threw themselves into the ranks of the popular party, and of coure became politicians as well as philosophers; not practical but theoretical politicians It is. no wonder then that Mr. Jeffersoi who had associated with these men and who read their writiugs a great teal should have shown iu some degiee this trait of mind. The western country i under peculiar obligalieua to him. The

purchase of the stale cf Louisiana, hy

which an outlet was opened to our sur plus produce, should always obtain for his name a place in our memory his name will be honored. Yes, although the stately column has been prostrated by the ever heating waves of time although the. voice of a sentinel i no longer heard upon the walls, his memory will ever be cherished by all who are capable of appreciating talents and patriotism, and he will always be looked upon as one of the brightest luminaries that ever gilucd our political horizon. Mr. Madison, stood at the helm of state, during one of the most tempestuous periods of our voyage since the revolution. The question then that divided the country, was the war. The democratic party supported it. The federal opposed it. Never (lid party spirit run so high before in this country. It seemed as if the element of discord had been let loose among us as if men were willing to sacrifice every thing for party. England, it ia probable, would not have treated ns as she did, if we had not been divided at home. Put in spite of all unfavorable circumstances, we taught her that she could not insult us with impunity that she was not the sole mistress of the seas, and that freemen fighting for their soil, their firesides, their wives, their children, and their liberties are invincible that they may be exterminated, but not subjected. After the termination ot the war, the spirit of party began to subside and we turn with joy, with unfeigned joy, from the stormy, J 'J iforward in their furious courses, foaming. raging, and chafing their banks, met at this point to mingle their waters together in friendship and love, and to form one it was a benefit to all, and that if it 'vcre not, a majority ot the country viere ia favor of it, and the minority ought to tubmit. The compl?ints of the former bc came louder and louder until last year, the state of South Carolina, declared she would no longer submit to such oppression, but would nullify this act of Congress: predicating her proceedings on the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of "98. In which it w is held that the General Government received its poweis from the States, and that when it transcends its power and passes an oppressive and unconstitutional law, that a State, rather than to submit to such law, lias a right to secede or to nullify. The opponents of tnis doctrine contended, that the General Government receives its authority from j'he people at large; that it moves in a .own hands and establishing a military des potism on the fragments of our broken Mepublic. Put thanks to God, when the sky was lowering, the elements raging, the cloud of disasters hanging over us, and we were hourly expecting it to burst, the ruler of the storm appeared, the voice of the Savior went forth on the troubled waters, "Peace, be still," lie said, and all all was calm, the firmament brightened up and the sun of Peace broke forth in all his glory. We may judge of the intense interest that was felt upon this question throughout the country, by the acclamations of joy with which this news wa9 received. It was a measure of compromise. I know that tiiis doctrine has its opponents; that the doctrine of non concession emanates from a high source no less than rom the second Daniel, as he is called; but until I am convinced that like his great aamesake the mantle of inspiration has fallen upon his shoulders, I humbly beg leave to differ with him on this question. I am glad the executive thought differently too, and although he deserves much of .fie present generation for his mditary services, he will deserve more of posterity or the firmueis and forbearance evinced on this trying occasion. South Caiohoa