The Syracuse and Lake Wawasee Journal, Volume 15, Number 40, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 1 February 1923 — Page 3

PANAMA CANAL PROSPERS . After & history made up very lArgely of hard luck the Panama Canal is coming into its own. Constructed amid controversy in the face of natural obstacles, <nd on the ruins of a previous colossal failure, this great waterway has struggled through seven years of adversity—the traditional seven lean years. But now the era of slides, diplomatic and political squabbles over tolls, war and business depression, seems to have come to an end and good tiites are promised. November, 1922. the latest month for which compiled satisfies are available, shows that Panama Canal traffic is gaining rkpidly.. In the fiscal year ended June 30, 1920 —the last year before the business depression set In and drove ships off the seas—tolls amounted to $8,493,000. The November, 1922. figures indicate that for the fiscal year ended June 30. 1923, the tolls will amount to $13,500,000. However, each month of the present year the ratio has been increasing and it is fair to assume it will continue to increase, probably bringing the total tolls for the year to $15,000,000. The Panama Canal was opened in August, 1914 —in the same month that the European war began. In the ensuing year, that is. the fiscal year ended June 30. 1915, 357 vessels had passed through the Canal carrying 1.852.000 tons of cargo and paying $1,495,000 in tolls. In 1915 local hard luck, in addition to the interference of the war. set in, bringing slides which practically suspended traffic for a portion of the year. One thousand and seventy-two ships got through carrying cargo of 4,926,000 tons and $2,863,000 in tolls were collected. The business gradually increased until in 1920, 2.478 ships passed through carrying $.374,000 tons of cargo and paying $8,493,000 inf tolls. For the current fiscal year,, ended June 30. next, the indications are that no less than 3,500 ships will travdrse tihe waterway carrying 17,foo.ooo tons of cargo and paying $13,500,000 to $15,000,000 in tolls. At this rate, it will not take lltfig for the traffic to increase to ultimate capacity and then talk will be renewed about another foihmian Canal —probably the old Nicaragua sea level route, which was so much discussed in the I early years of the last decade. When the Canal was projected, there was much objection to its costs. Total expenditure, including the necessary fortifications arid adjuncts, has reached the SUm of $400,000,000. This was an impressive sum in 1914 before the World war taught men and nations to think in money terms of astronomical proportions. For five consecutive months this year, canal tolls have exceeded $1,000,000 a month. In November, 1922. the latest month published, they were $1,264,000 and Still going up. Something in the neighborhood of $50,000,000 has been collected in tolls since the opening of the canal leaving $350,000,000 to make up. Eton at the present rate of earnings, this would require only about 23 years to pay for the colossal undertaking out Os tolls. The cost of operating is from $4,000,000 to $5,000,000 a year so a longer time would be required were it not for the great increase in traffic which now is manifesting itself. The operating cost and the increased business probably will nearly equalize, snaking the term of payment for the canal not more than 25 years—a short time in the life of a nation. The true earning power of the canal must not be based on tolls collected. While that is the only part that comes directly to the government, the great gain to the American ships and to the World as a whole arises from the time and money saved in piercing the Isthmus, To ascertain the real saving, the real profits of the canal, one must go through the paintaking operation of fig- , uring the difference between sending a ship around the Horn

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and making the short cut through the canal. This saving is enormous. Even this saving brings an indirect revenue to the government. The canal enables ships to make more trips and earn more money. As their earnings increase, they pay more taxes to the government and so»the cost of the canal finds its way back into the coffers of the treasury. Could these figures be made, it would be found, in all probability, that the canal already has been paid for. It will be remembered that a •'reneh company, headed by the Count de Lesseps who built the <uez Canal, poured $226,000,000 into an attempt to construct a trans-isthmian canal at Panama years before the work was undertoken by the United States. Even this money will come back indirectly, for French ships are as free to pass through the canal as those flying the American flag. High freight rates on American railroads have greatly stimulas?d Panama Canal traffic in the last year or two. The rates on Pacific Coast products shipped in bulk to the Atlantic Coast, have been high. Producers of lumber, of minerals and of a variety of other communities have turned to the canal finding ocean rates more economical. With the last few months the experiment has been made of shipping the highly perishable citrus fruit crop of California and the apples of Oregon and Washington through the canal to the Atlantic States market. This has proved successful and will add millions of tons of cargo each succeeding year to Panama Canal traffic. Eastern producers of manufactured goods have reversed the process and have shipped all manner of commodities to the Pacific Coast. Recently transcontinental railroad lines reduced rates on a number of bulk commodities in the hope of attracting the traffic away from the canal, but while some of it has resumqd movement by rail, the expectation is that the canal will be preferred. When the canal first 'was opened the transcontinental railroads themselves proposed to operate ships through the waterway. Congress promptly enacted an amendment to the Panama Canal Act prohibiting railroads from operating such ships on the ground that for a carrier to own both rail and water lines resulted in a monopoly which would suppress competition. Railroads were compelled to divorce their ships. Students of the merchant marine situation are inclined to regard the step as a mistake, inasmuch as American railroads were doing much to build up an American flag merchant marine until they were told by the government to stop. It is claimed that had the government not interfered congress would not now be asked for a ship subsidy to help keep the American flag flying over American ships. On the other hand it was asrved that an oppressive trust would result from joint ownership of both rail and water facilities and that the people would be compelled to pay higher rates than they would if independent steamships were competing with independent railroads. The curious fact in the situation is that, under independent operation, both steamship rates and rail rates have gone much higher than ever they were before. The railroad-steamship controversy was one of the things that retarded development of the canal but now that seems to be at an end, the slides are well in hand, the fever is abated in the Canal Zone through the sanitary engineering of American officers,, the business depression is over/ the war is won and the severr lean years of the canal seem to be at an end. $106,M0 PICKING HOUSE A project for the erection of a SIOO,OOO meat packing plant on a four-acre tract a mile and a half south of Elkhart—just north of Yellow creek and between the Big Four railroad and the east Eikhart-Goshen highway —was given publicity at Wednesday night's meeting of the Elkhart city council * o- — PAPER FOR CAR WHEELS The bureau of standards says the only case, it knows of where wheels are made out of papiermache is in Pullman cars. Pullman car wheels have been made very successfully by gluing together a large number of plates of cardboard with two outside plates of thin metal and surrounded by steel tire. *

OLDTIMERB OF ALASKA WATCH NEW RAILROAD Seward. Alaska.—That “times do change” would be the mental comments of many early gold prospectors who faced hardship and death almost daily in their early trips into the interior of Alaska, were they to make the trip again today. Over the trails which formerly carried and “sourdoughs” in their rice to the new gold fields, now run two ribbons of steel and over them government operated Pullman trains, contrasting strangely with the almost virgin wilderness surrounding the larger portion of the right of way. “Oldtimers’ are accustoming themselves to the new order of things, some gladly, some grudgingly. All admit the new railroad Tunning between Seward and Anchorage on the coast to Fairbanks and Nenana in the interior is an improvement over the old order. Many make but half a concession to this new step in progress. At a roadhouse in the old days a “musher” would hang his wet socks on the stove over night and place his boots underneath. Now, for the accommodation of his guests, the porter hangs wires over the heaters in the day coaches from which are suspended the foot gear of the passengers. ■ An occasirihal Indian gives the white man’s “wagon” a trial and surrenders a prime beaver skin for a berth. This is oftimes accompanied by cries from nearby sleepers for the porter to remove the unaromatic occupant. The train carries a lunch counter diner with stools, the prices being about 25 per cent more than in the average Alaskan restaurant. - o HE SILENCED THE OLD DEVIL "If you find yourself getting close-fisted,” remarked Congressman Adam Wyant, of Pennsylvania, "it is time to begin to emulate the example of a wealthy old farmer in my state. He was noted for years as an old miser, but was converted during protracted meeting. Shortly afterward, a poor men who had been burned out and had nothing for his family to eat came to him for help. The farmer thought he would be liberal and give the man a ham from his smokehouse. On his way to get it the tempter whispered to him: “Give him the smallest one you have.” He had a struggle with himself as to whether he should give him a large or a ham, but finally he took down the largest one he could find. “ ‘You are a fool,’ the devil whispered to him. “ ‘lf you don’t keep your darned mouth shut,’ the farmer snarled at him, ‘I will give him every blamed ham I have in the smokehouse.’ ” o RAILROAD EQUIPMENT The current number of the Railway Age states that the great railroad systems of this country will spend almost threequarters of a billion dollars in 1923 in equipment and improvements. That is about as good an evidence of better conditions coming as can be given. The great railroads do not spend millions for equipmejit and betterments unless pretty certain they are going to have use for them. o All men are foolish in one way or” another, and most of us is trying to keep the fact a secret. men are energetic because they are too busy to be lazy.

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SYRACUSE AND LAKE WAWASEE JOURNAL

LIVESTOCK REPORT FOR INDIANA Indianapolis, Jan. 26.—An increase of 15 percent or 535,000 head is shown in the number of hogs on Indiana farms January 1, 1923, compared with the same 5 date last year, according to the | report of the cooperative crop 1 reporting service, issued today. Sheep show a gain of 7 percent and cattle show 2 percent Horses show a loss of 1 percent and the number of mules remain the same. The report follows: The number of horses on Indiana farms decreased 1 percent during the past year, but there was no appreciable change in the number of mules January 1, 1923, compared with a year ago. The estimate for horses is 696,000 head and for mules 101,000 head. Fewer horse colts were foaled in 1922 than for many years, but there seemed to be a slight increase in the number of mule colts. Automobiles, trucks and tractors epntinue to supplant horses and mules on farms to a great extent, making them a very unprofitable product as a selling proposition, for prices are still on the downward trend. The estimated value of all horses in Indiana is approximately $51,504,000 compared with $57,000,000 for last year. For mules the value this year is $7,777,000 comparedjWith $8,400,000 last year. An increase of 2 percent is shown in the number of milk cows on Indiana farms, January 1, this year, the estimated number being 742,000 compared with 727,000 January 1, 1922. The quality of this class of livestock is also improving. Indiana is now the leading State in the number of accredited herds of .tubercular tested cattlei The average price of milk cows for the State, January 1, was $53.00 per head and is the same as last year. The total value of all cows and heifers kept for milking purposes is estimated.' to be $39,326,000 compared with $38,500,000 last year. The average number of days milked during 1922 for each cow is estimated at 300, the same as the preceding year, but the quantity of milk per day for each cow was slightly lower. The number of all other cattle January 1, 1923, was 2 percent greater than the same date last year, and includes all cattle and calves except cows and heifers kept for dairy purposes. The total number is estimated to be 794.000 head and the total value $25,726,000 compared with 778,000 head and a total value of $25,600,000 January 1.1922. Feeding operations at this time are somewhat more extensive than a year ago, although there is slight difference in the value per head. The demand is better, however, and conditions are much more favorable than for several years. The number of sheep on Indiana farms increased 7 percent over January 1, 1922, the estimate being 648,000 compared with 606,000 a year ago. While feeding operations are considerably less this year than last the number of breeding ewes has increased very materially. The price also is considerably higher per head and the total value this year is estimated at $5,184,000 compared with $3,151,000 last year. The demand for good stock is quite brisk and the industry is in a more favorable condition at this time than for several years. The increase in the number of swine on Indiana farms amounted to 15 percent over January 1, 1922, and is due principally to saving a larger number of pigs per litter during 1922 than usual, although quite an increase in the number of brood sows was shown last spring. The total number of hogs, all ages, is estimated to be 4,102,000 and the total value 48,814,000 this year compared with 3,567,000 head last year and a total value of $39,237,000. The average sale price per head this year is $11.90 which is 70 cents higher than a year ago. — o BAGPIPES WITH HILLS The bagpipe does not belong exclusively to Scotland, but is found in many localities, but they are said to be peculiar to hilly country. A musician walking up hill generally gets out of breath and he needs an instrument which will play itself. The bagpipe does this by reason of the supply of air contained in the bag, o - • . Never be too hasty in treating another person with silent contempt. He might buy up the * mortgage on yaa>r bozoA, ?

AGES-OLD SIGN IS PASSING Pawnbroker* Gradually Doing Away With Emblem That Hat Boon Common the World Over. The crest of the house of Lombardi, which for three centuries has topped the entrance to every pawnshop In Christendom, Is gradually coming down. Here in New York the fire department has discovered that the three golden balls, which remind you that your watch and your overocat are ever-present friends in need, seriously hamper the operations of the fire-fight-ing forces. The department has sent out no concrete orders to do away with the signs, but the pawnbrokers themselves have come to the conclusion that their business can be as effectually served by painting the three golden balls on their display windows as by hanging them out in the open where every bedeviled kid in the neighborhood takes a shot at them with a stone. But the three ball* will all be down inside of a year or so. Is the prediction of a pawnbroker on lower Park row. "Your Uncle Abe," he said, “doesn’t have to depend on the sign of the House of Lombardi. The man or woman who is ‘broke* has learned the location of the found that the three balls have actually Impeded business. Men and women who want to negotiate a loan on their personal effects hesitate to enter a pawnshop which Is heralded to the world by the three balls. “They want privacy, and they are entitled to the same consideration from us as tlie big banking houses accord their patrons who need financial assistance. We are taking down the three balls gradually, but we are having a monogram made on the windows which serves the same purpose. Every sign or symbol above the door Is an obstacle In the way of the fire fighters and there Is no sense In the three-ball sign anyway."—New York Sun. KIND OF LITERATURE WANTED Burton Willing to Invest Only If Book Would Show How Ho Could Profit Financially. "May I have a few moments of your time?” Burton looked up from his desk and beheld a smiling young man. However, the young man did not wait for consent, but continued with his proposition. "I have here something which I feel sure you will be Interested In. Something which ought to be in the hands of every business man In this city. Something which —" “Just a minute,” Burton interrupted. “What Is this ‘somethingT ” “Ah ’ Now we’re getting along,” the young man enthused. “I represent the Atlas Publishing company, and the article which I want to show to you is a book which—” “No books,” Burton Insisted shortly •nd firmly. “But this is an unusual book!" the agent protested. "They all are I” Burton observed. “Buy this book and learn how to be your own lawyer," the agent insisted. “So that’s -Itr Burton asked. “Well, young man, I will buy If you have a book that tells me how to be somebody rise's lawyer. That’s where the money is.” —Kansas City Star. Early Church in America. The Church of England, which became the Episcopal church in America, came with the very first settlers to Virginia, before th* Pilgrim Fathers of 1620 had settled at Plymouth. Parsons throughout early Maryland were paid their salary in tobacco. The parsons worked hard for their pay in this queer coin, for often they had to ride many miles to their churches on horseback through rough bridle paths, or sail the salt waters in frail skiffs. One of these good men in Delaware, at a place called Appoqulnlmlnk, was practically bitten to death by mosquitoes, for he was so poisoned by them that he died of fever. Episcopalian* inherited from the Swedish Lutherans at Wilmington. Old Swedes church. built tn 1698. and now one of th* oldest buildings in the United States continuously occupied for worship, World's Mori Perfect T*w*r. Among the wealth of beauty and magnificence In and about Delhi, one of the most wonderful sights is the Kutub Miner, said to b« the most perfect tower In the world. It stands 10 miles outside the city In the midst of a vast pile of ruins which tell of Delhi’s ancient greatness, when It was th* largest city of India. Th* Miner soars 288 feet above th* plain. Its sandstone sides are deeply fluted, and shade from purplish reds through pink to orange in the topmost of Ito five balconied stories. It was built by followers of Allah. In th* Vernacular. Napoleon's invasion of Russia was the subject under discussion tn the class in history and the teacher was doing her utmost to make every sentence clear. Referring to his retreat from Moscow she asked: “And then, James, what did th* French do?" They ran away," was the quick reply. “Yes. they ran away, but that 1* hardly the correct phrase to use." said the teacher. “Now think and tell me what you should have said.' James was lost In deep thought for a moment, then his face beamed benlgnantly In the light of a new thought. “Oh. I know," he cried. They beat IL"

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POSSIBLE NOW TO RAISE MORE BEEF! Washington, Jan. 27. — Although there are actually fewer beef cattle in the United States at present than there have been in previous years, it is now possible to raise more beef each year there were more cattle. Tins somewhat contradictory statement is explained by the United States department of agriculture, which shows that i larger portion of beef cows are kept on ranches and farms, and beef cattle are slaughtered at an earlier age than used to be the jractice. In a discussion of American rattle industry during the last 75 years, the year book of the department for 1921, which has just been published, described cTOwth and changes of practice m the business. The system of using younger cattle for beef nurposes, the year book explains, involves the use o’ more harvested feed per 100 pounds of beef produced, since a larger portion of the .gains in weight are made in the feed lot than was formerly the case when steers were carried four or five reasons on grass.

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tXIMANAPOUS RAWS MAY 30 Indianapolis, Jan. 29.—Speed fans from all parts of the globe will soon be informed as to their good fortune or misfortune in obtaining the points of vantage desired for witnessing the Eleventh annual 500-mile International Sweepstakes, on the Indianapolis motor speedway, next May 30. The annual seat sale for the speed classic started Monday, January 29, at the speedway office in Indianapolis. The importance of the seat sale may well be understood when it is realized that the speed fans would start buying seats twelve months before the 500-mile race, were they available. The day after the last race eight fans dropped into the speedway office in Indianapolis and asked to have some points of vantage for the Eleventh race. One of these was a Los Angeles fan, another was from New Orleans, another from Boston and one from Montreal, the remaining four of the octette were from Indiana and Ohio cities. Six fans from Japan have asked for “one best possible box,” from Hamburg, Germany, came a request for a box, three fans in Honolulu desire seats, and the requests for ; parking spaces, boxes and reserved seats from all parts of the United States and Canada are too numerous to attention. o 1 Jim Scanlon of Pa., went to great pains to get a girl off his hands. She was tattooed on, so he cut his arm off.

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