The Syracuse and Lake Wawasee Journal, Volume 13, Number 2, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 13 May 1920 — Page 2

PROBLEMS FACING STRICKENWORLD Shall Chaos or Reconstruction in Europe Follow the Great ; World War? LAND QUESTION IN RUSSIA Natural Desire of Peasants to Participate in of Soil They Till Is Root of the f «. Revolution. Article XVII By FRANK COMERFORD. In talking with people about Russia, I have discovered that most people in * America have only a faint, uncertain, vague Idea of the country. Czar Nicholas, the last of the self-proclaimed autocrats, was monarch of 8,060,000 square miles, one-sixth of the entire land surface of the eaijth. The great Russian empire is spread over part of two continents, Europe and Asia. It is almost entirely confined to the cold and temperate zones. Three seas bound it on the north — White, Barents and Kara of the arctic; the seas of Bering, Okhotsh and Japan of the northern Pacific bound it on the east. The Baltic sea, the gulfs of Bothnia and ‘''Finland limit it on the northwest; two sinuous lines of land front separate it respectively from Sweden and Norway on the northwest, and from Prussia, Austria and Routnania on the west. On the south and east the frontier has changed frequently, according to the expansion and con- = traction of the empire under the pressure of political exigency and expediency. The Black sea is the principal demarcating feature on the south of European Russia. On the west side , of that sea the south frontier touches the Danube for some 120 miles; on the east side of the same sen it zigzags ® .from the Black sea to the Caspian, RtUizlng the river Aras for part of . the distance. As the Caspian Is virtually a Russian sea, Persia may be said to form the next link in the southern boundary of the Russlnn empire, followed by Afghanistan. On the Pamirs, Russia has since 1883 been -coterminous with British India, but the boundary then swings away north round Chinese Turkestan, and the north side of Mongolia, nnd since 1905 it has skirted the north of Manchuria, being separated from it by the river Amur. The total length of the frontier line of the Russian empire by land is 2,800 miles in Europe and nearly 10,000 miles in Asia, and by sea, over 11,000 miles in Europe and between 19,000 and 20,000 miles in Asia—a frontier of *68,000 miles. Empire's Vast Population. Thn population' of the empire, according to the 1915 census, was estl- * mated at 152,182,600. According to the same census this population was distributed ns follows: In European Russia, 131,796,800; in Poland, 12,125,000 ; in Caucasus, 13,125,000; in Siberia, 12,337,900; in the central Asian provinces, 11,125,000; Finland, 3,125,000. Over 80 per cent of the people of Russia are peasants. The land Is their problem. It means home' to them—work, life. -Their one dream has been to own the land. Land ownership is their definition of freedom, | their idea of happiness. The Russlnn peasnnt has betsn a stranger in his own country. ; The man who tills the soil and lives on the land and yet never owns an acre of It is a foreigner, even though his forbears may have been native to the country for centuries. The Russians have felt this; they are siiUple, homeloving people. From the conversations I have had with Russians, of the peasant class I believe that they have suffered more because they never had a chance to own their own homes, their own farms, than from the denial to them of political freedom. The land question is a heart question, a hearth question to them. Crime in Land Distribution. Some idea of the land crime in Russia Is told in the startling figures showing the actual distribution of arable land, forests and meadows in European Russia. The following table is only one count in the indictment: \ European Russia. PercentAcres age Arable land 301,435,000 26 Meadows and pastures 185,498,000 16 Fbrests 452,152.000 39 Uncultivated 220,279,000 19 1,159*864,000 100 This land In European Russia was divided among the different classes of owners as follows: centAcres age State and Imperial family. 400,816,000 35 Peasants 446,667,000 38% Private owners, towns, etc. 245.835,000 21 Unfit for cultivation 66,066,000 5% 1,159.364*00 100 The condition of the peasants prior to the revolution, according to official documents, appears to be as follows: “In the 12 central governments they grow, on the average, sufficient rye for bread for only 200 days in the year, often for only 180 and 100 days.” One-quarter of the people have received allotments of only 2.9 acres per male, one-half of them less than 8.5 to 11.4 acres —the normal size of the allotment necessary to feed and maintain a family being estimated at 28

On Being Natural We all boast of our Independence and our freedom to live our lives the way we think best, but at that not many of us have nerve enough, sitting at a banquet table, to dip our bread crusts Into our coffee. Doing, the things we like to do and being ourselves free from all affectation are two performances reserved exclusively for the few glad moments we are at borne with the family.

to 42 acres. Therefore the peasant* were compelled to rent land from the landlords at fabulous prices. The aggregate value of the redemption and land taxes often reached 185 to 25C per cent of the normal value of the allotment, not to speak of the taxes for recruiting, the churches, roads nnd local administration, chiefly levied from the peasants. The peasants have sunk deeper into debt every year. The scheme was a quicksand—the harder they worked and struggled the deeper into debt they fell. Increasing arrears have driven one-fifth of the inhabitants from their houses. Every year more than half the adult males (in some districts three-quarters of the men nnd one-third of the women) are forced to quit their homes and wander throughout Russia in "search of work. In the governments of the black earth region the state of matters is hardly better. The phrase “class distinction” was more than rhetoric In Russia —it was part of the chains. It handcuffed destiny, bolted the door of opportunity. The great mass of the people, 81.6 per cent peasants; 1.0 per cent made up the nobility; 9 per cent the clergy; 9.3 per cent the burghers aifd merchants; 6.1 per cent the military; thus 147,000.000 of the Russians were peasnnts. •• The slavery In Russia consecrated by law in 1609 was partly abolished fn 1861. The Act only pretended to liberate the serfs. Even under the ’best landlords conditions continued to be terrible. Household servants or dependents attached to the personal service of their masters were released. They joined the town proletariat. The peasants were given allotments of arable land. These allotments were not given to the individuals, they were given over to the rural commune called the Mir, which was made responsible as a whole for the payment of allotments. It was a sort of lnnd communism, except that the title did not pass even to the Mirs. The enormous charge against the land made them tenant serfs. The Mir was a mortgaged community. The redemption charge was not calculated on the value of the land, but was considered as payment for the loss of the compulsory labor of the serfs. The enslavement of the peasant was recognized in the Act which pretended emancipation. Peasants Systematically Cheated. Many proprietors of land saw to it that the allotments did not give the peasants the needed pasture lands around their homes. This craftily calculated scheme compelled the peasants to rent pasture land from the landlords at any price. The landlords held them up. It was only as late as 1904 that the landlord was forbidden by law to inflict corporal punishment on the peasant. Even this law was winked at and the practice of treating human slaves as brutes treat tired domestic animals, continued. The peasant was a chattel and the cheapest farm fixture. There were plenty of peasnnts. Notwithstanding the bnrbarlc life in Russia, the population continued to grow. The peasants’ only participation in government was in the assembly called the Mir. With its quaint customs, it is of immemorial antiquity. The assembly of the Mir consisted of all the, pensant householders of the village. These elected a head man and colfector of local taxes. It was the nearest Russlnn peasants ever got to freedom. It was the clearing house for the troubles, a socialism of sorrows, a touch of local self government which gave no rights; it simply provided a means of co-operating in burden bearing. (Copyright, 1920, Western Ne.wspaper Union) HARD AT WORK IN BELGIUM Coal Mining and Other Industries Are Being Rapidly Put on a Normal Basis. The Belgian coal mines are now turning out about SO per cent of the normal production. They supply nearly all the coal needed for tRe Belgian industries, while some 350,000 tons of coal a month are exported to France. Then the great glass industry of the country, which before the war gave work to many thousands, is rapidly regaining Its former prosperity, and only quite recently the French ministry of reconstruction gave an order to a single Belgian firm for 2,000,000 square meters of window panes, to be utilized in the devastated regions. The result of all this is that whereas, at the time of the signing of the armistice, the French franc was worth 1.10 or even 1.15 francs in Belgium, It is now 0 worth 95 centimes. Belgium, moreover, is very far from confining her efforts to France. Great Britain Is already a considerable importer of Belgian goods, while the United States recently placed an order in Belgium for more than 300,000,000 francs’ worth of glassware. » Large-Hearted Doughboys. The children played a large part in the American army’s Christmas in France. At the artillery camp at Mailly, for example, it was a top sergeant who said, ten days or so before the day:' “Say, fellows, these poor little village kids haven’t had much Christmas in their lives, have they,' now? What do you say we take up a collection and see what we can do?” The idea took in a flash. And they did so well, giving as they always gave, with both hands, that the total sum was amazing. “Why,” some one hazarded, “I reckon we could hand those little shavers pretty near anything they want with all this wad to spend.”

Sincerity Sincerity is the most compendious wisdom, and an excellent instrument for the speedy dispatch of business; It Inspires confidence in those we have to deal with, saves the labor of many Inquiries, and brings things to an issue in few words; it Is like traveling in a plain beatefi road, which commonly brings a man sooner to his journey’s end than byways, In which men lose themselves. —Tillotson. . . s, 1 ■

THE SYRACUSE AND LAKE WAWASEE JOURNAL

WAR CALLS FOR HUGE PAYMENTS BETWEEN TWO AND THREE MILLIONS PENSIONS FOR OUR EARLIER CONFLICTS. WORLD WAR COST UNKNOWN Estimates of Insurance, Vocational Education and Public Health Services for the Next Year Aggregate $423,000,000 —Warning By Cannon. By JAMES P. HORNADAY. Washington.—The passage the other day by the house of representatives of the annual pension appropriation bill, the bill that makes provision for the payment of pensions chargeable to the Mexican war, tint Civil war and the Spanlsh-Amerfcan war, served to call attention to the money cost of war. That pension bill earned appropriations amounting to $214,020,000. Legislation broadening the scope of the existing pension law which has already passed the house will, if concurred in by the senate and approved by the president, increase the above sum by $77,500,000 making a total of $291,520,000 chargeable to the wars prior to the recent world war. Congress has not yet been able to gain any very definite idea as to what the world war will cost In the way of benefits as the years go on. Just now it is concerned with the appropriations that must be made for the next fiscal year. The bureau of war risk insurance estimates the amount necessary to pay compensation for death nnd disability for the fiscal year beginning July 1 at $198,000,000; the federal board for vocational education estimates its expenditures for the next fiscal year at $125,000,000, and the public health service estimates that it will be called on to expend upwards of $100,000,000. These estimates aggregate $423,000,000 as the amount that will be required to discharge tl\e obligations gif' the government to the survivors of the war with Germany .during the next year. Bonus Would Add Two Billions. This estimate with which the appropriation committee is now dealing does not take Into nceount bonus legislation. If bonus legislation of the kind that has been proposed is enacted it will call for an expenditure of upwards of $2,000,000,000. That legislation, if enacted will, of course, be regarded as special; it will call for one payment only and the money will have to be raised through special taxation of some sort. Joseph G. Cannon, the veteran member of the house from Illinois, in presenting the regular pension bill to the house the legislhtors that the government must not fail to give proper attention to the financial demand that will be made on it for years to come as a result of the world war. He reminded his fellow congressmen that in the year 1918, according to the surgeon general of the army, there were 2,422,362 admissions to the hospitals for disease, 182,789 admissions for ordinary Injuries and 277,855 admissions for battle injuries. Here, he pointed out, were nearly 8,000,000 admissions to the army hospitals In the year 1918, and while some were no doubt duplications, no ? one could accurately estimate how many of these men with hospital records may be found totally or partially disabled and the cause traced to their war service. The venerable representative expressed the opinion that within ten years congress would have to appropriate a billion dollars a year to discharge its financial obligations to the survivors of all our wars. “It is a big obligation,” said Mr. Cannon, “but one that the government has already accepted. I call attention to the situation so that no one in the country need deceive himself as to the obligations we will have to meet in the future.” Parcel Post to Foreign Countries. The international parcel post has developed into a most important and formidable function of the world’s greatest transportation medium —the postal service. The United states mail carries more separately-handled units of commodity than any other single transportation system. The domestic parcel post alone has long since passed the billion mark in yearly shipments, while the letters and periodicals, each separately handled through half a dozen processes, run Into those staggering figures vaguely called “billions upon billions.” In 1913, when Postmaster General Burleson took hold of the postal service, one could send parcel post packages to but 44 countries in the entire world, and the greatest weight limit was 11 pounds. Today the American foreign parcel post service has been extended to 180 nations and colonies; and to 15 of these countries, including our biggest customers in Latin Ameri lea and the Orient, you can send parcels up to 22 pounds, and to one of them —Panama—up to 50 pounds. In 1912, there were dispatched from the United States 2,270,215 pounds of export parcel post. During the next fiscal year our Increase over 1912 was less than 600,000 pounds, and the Increase In 1914 over 1913 was only a little more than 500,000 pounds. Extended Throughout the World. Immediately upon the conclusion of the armistice! when shipping became

INDIAN MOUND, KANSAS CITY. The Indian mound in the northeast part of Kansas city was built about 57,00 Q years ago, according to Edward part of Kansas City was built about who has made an exhaustive study of prehistoric mounds in the United States. This mound is one mile north of Sheffield on the high bluff overlooking the Missouri river and the valley of the Blue river. It is called Indian mound. It probably was a signal mound. ft V .... . ■■ ' ■’l:. . ■

available, the departmftit completed the work for which it laid the foundation during the war, and in the space of the next few months concluded parcel post arrangements with 18 foreign countries to which American parcel post had theretofore no admission. The doors of the great marts of the east, the south and the west were opened to us. China, Egypt and South Africa were among our new fields. Then came Spain nnd its colonies. Arrangements were concluded with Great Britain and Fr whereby our international parcel post service was extended to every country reached by those powerful allies and not heretofore reached by our own direct steamship lines. By one stroke, so to speak, our parcel post service was extended throughout the world. It is not surpristng that our export parcel post has increased from 2.270,215 pounds in 1912 to 17,102,131 pounds in 1910. In the first quarter of tills fiscal year the post office department has already dispatched more than six million pounds of parcel post. Canada May Come Into Line. The department has many inquiries as to why, with such readiness of almost all of the countries of the world to deal with the United States through the parcel post, our ally and nextdoor neighbor, Canada, should stand aloof. Canada announces international parcel post to practically all the countries of the world on an 11-pound basis, except to the United States, with which it has an arrangement for the exchange of parcel post up to four pounds, six ounces. Although negotiations have long been in progress between the American and Canadian postal services for an extension of the weight limit to 11 pounds, the department says it does not despair of ultifhate favorable action. The dealings between the American. and Canadian postal authorities have been ever without friction, and always animated by a spirit of helpfulness and co-operation, and under these circumstances the department is confident that whatever obstacles in the past may have made it inadvisable for Canada to enter into a parcel post agreement with the United States will he-overcome. Work on the Mall Resumed. The development of the show section of Washington, familiarly known as the Mall, in accordance with plans approved some years ago Is again going forward. The work laid out came to an abrupt stop In the spring of 1917 when the United States entered the world war. It is now proposed by the government to go right along with the project until it is finished. Just now the activity centers in and about the Lincoln memorial, situated on the bank of the Potomac river, a mile and three-quarters directly west of the capitol building. The superstructure of this great memorial has been completed, nnd the/ decorative work on the interior is f now under way. If all goes well the memorial will receive the finishing touches within the next year and the statue of Lincoln will be placed in the interior of the building. Between this Lincoln memorial* and the Washington monument. # which stands a half-mile east of the memorial and directly in line with the capitol building, there is to be an artificial lake. The work of excavating for this lake hag just been started. Tfce basin will extend from the foot of the Lincoln memorial to Fifteenth street, a distance of some eight- blocks, and will be about 100 yards wide. The government’s , plans call for the growing of all sorts of sub-tropical foliage around the lake. The water for this artificial lake will be supplied from the Potomac river. The superintendent of public buildings and grounds, who is in charge of the development of this beauty spot of the national capital, expects to be able to turn, the water into the artificial lake within the next year. Memorial Bridge Comes Next. The next great step in the scheme for the development of the governmentowned property will be the building “bf a bridge across the Potomac, that will connect the Lincoln memorial with the house on the heights of Arlington cemetery which Robert E. Lee occupied when the Civil war began. Congress has not yet provided the money for this meniorial bridge, but has indicated on a good many occasions that it looks with favor on the project. It was proposed before the Lincoln memorial that is now nearing completion was agreed on that this bridge should be known as a Lincoln memorial. Recently the suggestion has been made, and seemingly meets with a good deal of favor, that this bridge when constructed shall be a memorial to the men who gave their lives for their country In the world war. This year’s develojiment program for the national capital calls for the completion of the Grant,, monument In the extreme eastern section of the Mall and under the shadow of the capitol building. This monument has been in course of construction for 12 years. The base was Iput in promptly and the figures surmounting it were placed in position several years ago. There has been unexpected delay in completing Jtfie statue of the general, but "announcement Is now made that it Is almost ready for shipment, and the expectation Is that It will be in place before next fall. The Grant memorial is in the botanical gardens. The general scheme of development, however, calls for the removal of the botanical gardens to a new site in northeast Washington. Here again, however, congress has not yet said the word, and thete seems to be a question as to whether it will approve this part of the general development scheme.

FIGURES IN THE MOON. Some keenly discerning people see a woman alongside the man in the moon and account for her presence there by her churning on Sunday while the “old gentleman” chopped the wood. A pretty eastern fancy Is that the figure in the moon is that of ina, who weaves the clouds into white cloth and who sent her husband back tq earth by the rainbow ridge in order that death might not defile her heavenly home,

I Seen and Heard | l In Indiana ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ Indianapolis.—Following* is a table of the complete vote cast by counties for Leonard Wood, Hiram W. Johnson. Frank 6. Lowden and Warren' G. Harding, who contested for Republican presidential preference in Indiana in primaries held the past week, showing a plurality for Wood of 6.107 over Johnson. The state contains 3,357 precincts .and the returns were reported by corespondents and unofficially tabulated : John- Low- HardCounties— Wood son den ing Adams 400 321 146 85 Allen j..... 3.238 1,521 474 261 Bartholomew ..... 730 534 354 494 Benton 414 296 373 82 Blackford 375 300 175 50 -Boone 759 547 901 119 Brown 97 54 27 36 Carroll 798 375 274 87 Cass 740 1,492 66S 257 Clark 338 478 624 154 Clay SS4 416 356 54 Clinton 1,051 430 461 99 Crawford 222 97 115 37 Daviess 607 350 595 125 Dearborn 195 224 197 Decatur 850\ 401 327 553 Dekalb 786 V 447 123 249' Delaware 1.907 11.537 696 556 Dubois 222 \247 176 10S Elkhart 1,266 19530 346 202 Fayette ~ 546 . 325 153 375 Floyd 467 391 312 122 Fountain 571 313 545 54 Franklin 225 114 154 119 Fulton .. 557 327 129 161 Gibson 1,178 694 405 126 Grant 1,426 2,316 699 225 Greene 941 S4l 407 116 Hamilton 1,172 752 1,141 189 Hancock 579 369 253 147 Harrison 266 422 313 221 Hendricks 1,472 476 577 140 Henry 1,390 461 352 509 Howard 1,788 1,305 377 412 Huntington 1,246 800 259 336 Jackson 652 382 252 178 Jasper 491 619 418 118 lav 645 555 335 340 Jefferson 836 325 273 527 Jennings 63d - 212 220 235 Johnson 807 189 431 72 Knox 1,059 166 SIS 173 Kosciusko „ 1,059 1,110 321 195 Lagrange . 739 BSB 162 67 Lake 2,506 12,462 1,157 420 Laporfe 709 2,291 414 273 Lawrence 1,066 649 281 347 Madison 1,924 2,F»6 694 540 Marion 13,457 5,610 3,369 1,503 Marshall 6SB 694 160 181 Martin 7..75.. 194 168 160 50 Miami 689 1,054 341 101 Monroe 1,220 714 208 83 Montgomery 1,021 352 654 275 Morgan 1,168 515 134 Newton 332 425 369 125 Noble 921 484 171 165 Ohio 139 33 48 145 Orange 476 ISI 492 60 Owen 419 290 263 70 Parke 1,189 410 639 218 Perry 253 439 156 68 Pike 527 278 202 213 Porter 697 1.74 S 216 186 Posey 283 518 365 83 Pulaski 175 377 151 87 Putnam 872 304 359 125 Randolph 1.304 1,038 573 676 Ripley 500 461 296 610 Rush 971 414 473 637 Scott 167 1 23 192 62 Shelby 738 4*o 262 261 Spencer 629 782 406 191 Starke 142 517 152 sm Steuben 1,163 470 258 110 St. Joseph 1,427 2,270 484 449 Sullivan , 483 310 354 48 Switzerland 231 S 2 96 361 Tippecanoe 1,694 1,797 635 303 Tipton 347 585 310 242 Union 23S 9S 136 97 Vanderburgh 740 3,463 1,100 426 Vermilion 569 343 669 83 Vigo 1,584 2,218 1,831 355 Wabash 1,321 1,708 46S 419 Warren 232 193 459 32 Warrick 2SS 721 556 97 Washington 332 200 346 43 Wavne 1.345 1,617 816 .-3 Weils 562 262 195 43 White 500 423 ' 388 80 Whitley 706 180 85 159 Totals 85.458 79.351 38,845 20,715 No Democrats entered Indiana’s primaries to determine that party’s choice in the state for the nomination for president. Terre Haute. —The Indiana Bituminous Coal Operators’ association, having its headquarters in this city, issued a statement to the effect that April was the most disastrous month in a financial way to Hoosier operators for many* years, due to strikes of railroad switchmen and shortage of cars. Every mine in the state showed a loss for the month. It is said, except a few which received an assigned car supply. Hammond. — Prohibition enforcement officers are claitning for the Calumet district the capture of the largest still In the country. It has a capacity of 100 gallons a day, netting operators $1,500 a day, and was discovered on the farm of Y. Minlshan, ten miles south of Hammond. Indianapolis.—Little spring wheat was sown in Indiana this season, the total acreage being not more than onefourth of what it was last year, says George C. Bryant, field agent for the co-operative crop reporting service, in his summary of Hoosier crop conditions. Indianapolis.—May 22 and 23 will be the date of the state convention in Indianapolis of the Socialist party, according ter Wilbur Sheran, state secretary, who has made arrangements for the sessions. State candidates will be named at that time. Elkhart. —Elkhart now has a population of 24,277, an increase of 4,995, or 25.9 per' cent.

A FISH WITH LANTERN. Down in the ocean two or three miles below the surface the water is full of strange fish. It is as cold as ice, and the pressure of the water Is more than twenty-five tons per square Inch of surface. Since no daylight penetrates to that depth, many of the curious fish that live there carry their own lights. Some have phosphorescent spots on them that flash like the light of a fire fly, and one odd type has a tong tentacle with a phosphorescent ball at the end like a lantern to guide him on his way. This lantern also serves as a lure for other fish, which are promptly gobbled up by their captor.—American Boy. Cost of Producing a Diamond. To produce a diamond in the rough costs approximately $7 a karat, according to estimates of various students of the diamond industry. If this diamond properly cut were sold at S3O, it would net a good profit. In the South African mines it is said the diamonds are distributed so evenly that 100 tons of the bluish clay yields.

Indtnnupolis.—Returns from all ex cept 14 precincts in Switzerland count) out of the 3,387 in the state show thn: Waren T. McCray gained a majority in the Republican nomination for gov emor contest, haring 4,771 more votes than the combined total of James W Fesler and Edward C. Toner. McCray’s total was 108,517, Fesler had G 3.257 and Toner 40.509. Carleton B. McCulloch won a plurality of 26.026 for the Democratic nomination for governor, according to unofficial tabulation of re turns from all except ten precincts in Switzerland county. McCulloch had n total of 46,761, polling more than twice as many votes as Mason ,T. Nihlaek. his nearest opponent, who had 20,735. John Isenharger was a close third with 18.905 and J. Kirby Risk obtained 14.860 votes. Indianapolis. — That high sugar prices will cause many Indiana farmers, particularly in the south part of the state, to plant sugar cane, is the opinion of George C. Bryant, field agent for the co-operative crop reporting service. Sorghum molasses, made from sugar cane, is expected to command a good price this year. Sorghum molasses production in Indiana reached a peak in 1918 because of the war shortage of sugar. The production fell last year, but it is expected to rise again this year. May is the month for planting th£ seed. Indianapolis.—Talk of a bonus for world war veterans is reviving memories in the minds of Civil war veterans. Many of the “old soldiers” are writing to Harry B. Smith, adjutant general of Indiana, inquiring about a bonus they say they are entitled to but never received. Mr. Smith has taken up the question with Ele Stansbury, attorney, general, but inasmuch as the bonus proposition in those days seems to have been a strictly county matter, little progress has been made. Lafayette.—-The horseless age is a long way off in Indiana, according to the annual report of the state stallion enrollment board issued at Purdue university. The report for the year 191920 shows a slight decrease in the number of stallions and jacks enrolled in the state, but the figures indicate that in general there Is an improvement in the quality o£ sires offered for service and no likelihood of t\ marked falling off in the use of draft horses and mules. Indianapolis—A call was issued by John G. Brown of Monon, president of the Indiana Federation of Farmers’ Associations, for a state-wide meeting of presidents of county organizations of farmers to be held at Indianapolis on Monday, May 17. The conference will be the first of its kind since the federation was formed a year ago, and will be for the purpose of getting together on state issues, exchange of ideas and for adopting uniform policies. Muncie. —Clerks, bookkeepers and other so-called salaried men are not marrying here these days, but those engaged in mechanical work are, according to figures taken from the marriage license records for the first three months of 1920. Os 170 marriage licenses issued, 127 were obtained by mechanics, farmers and laborers. The laborers lead, with 75 licenses, and the mechanics are next, with 71. The farmers number 24. East Chicago.—ln order to protect the street pavements of the city from mutilation by excessive loads such as contractors have been haulting through East Chicago, the city council has passed an ordinance prohibiting a total load of more than 28,000 pounds. Tlie load of any truck is to be figured at the rate of SOO pounds an inch width of tire, and not more than 22,400 pounds may be carried over any one axle. New Albany—Returning from the polls where he had worked all day in the interest of his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for congress from the Third congressional district of Indiana, Jacob L. O’Bannon, aged sixty, died of heart disease at his home here. Mr. O’Bannon at one time represented Harrison county in the legislature. Vincennes. —All arrangements have been completed for the opening of the Indiana state meeting of Christian churches, which convenes at Vincennes May 17 and continues until May 20. More than 500 ministers, Sunday school superintendents and various officials and their wives are expected to attend the four days’ session. Shelbyville.—The school enumeration in Shelby county, recently completed, shows a loss of 161 boys and girls of school age since the last enumeration. The loss in Shelbyville was 40 and 121 in the county. The total number of persons in the county of school age is 6,554. The enumeration for Shelbyville is 2,260. Anderson. — George Cookson, age sixty-six, grand secretary and treasurer of the Sons of St. George of Indiana and Ohio, is dead of heart disease at his home here following a brief illness. He was widely known throughout the state. Richmond. — Miss Esther Griffin White, Wayne county chairman of the Republican woman’s organization, will be a delegate to the Republican state convention. She was elected from the Fourth ward of Richmond.

about 100 karats of diamonds. The production cost of a five-karat diamond Is $35. If it is flawless and of good water it will easily net $3,500. The supply of diamonds is unlimited. Almost all of the world’s supply comes from South Africa and complete control of It Is in the hands of one British concern. Skillful Navigators. The world has never produced greater navigators than the early Polynesians, who •in their big outrigger canoes traversed the Pacific north and south, east and west. Without map or compass, they pushed north to the equator and south to the ice pack. The white explorer came In the tracks of their canoes. India Rubber Strangely Named. Few articles seem more strangely named than India rubber.* It gets Its name from the first use to which it was put-< -that of erasing pencil marks by rubbing. Nor should it be asso--clated with India. The tree was first mentioned by an explorer among the Mexican Indians three centuries ago.

FROM FORTY-FIVE TO SIXTY A Word of Help to Women -of Middle Age From Mrs. Raney. Morse, Okla.—“ When I was 45 years old Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Com-

T| pound carried m e through the critical periodof the Change . of Life in safety. I I am over 60 and nave I raised a family of eight children and am in fine health. M y daughter and daughters-i n -la w recommend your Vegetable Compound and I still take ait occasionally my-

' ;, "w*

self. You are at liberty to use my name if you wish. ’’—Mrs. ALICE Raney, Morse, Oklahoma. * Change of Life is one of the most critical periods of a woman’s existence. This good old-fashioned root and herb remedy may bte relied upon to overcome the distressing symptoms which accompany it and women everywhere should remember that there is no other remedy known to carry women so successfully through this trying period as Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound. If you want special advice write to Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Co., (confidential), Lynn, Mass. Your letter will be opened, read and answered by awoman anS held in strict confidence. Unqualified Indorsement. “Are you in favor of votes for women?” “Why ask such a question nt tills jate day?” inquired Senator Sorghum in return. “How can a statesman hope to get ’em if he isn’t in favor of ’em?” The plainer the woman the longer It takes her to select a becoming bonnet. Get Back Your Health Are you dragging around day after day with a dull backacha? Are you tired, and lame mornings—subject to headaches, dizzy spells, and sharp, stabbing pains. Then there's surely something wrong. Probably it’s kidney weakness! Don’t wait for more serious kidney trouble. Get bade your health and keep it. For quick relief get plenty sleep and exercise and use Doati's Kidney Pills. They have helped thousands. Ask your neighbor! An Indiana Case

R. B: Reynolds, retired captain, U. S. Q. D., 837 Meigs Ave., Jeffersonville, - Ind., says: “My kid. ganeys were out of Border and I had (■backaches and was with rheurij matte pains quite TFa great deal. My 3‘nidneys acted iri regularly, also. Doan’s Kidney Pills ‘“were brought to my , and I bought a supply. ' They benefited me

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