The Syracuse Journal, Volume 29, Number 34, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 24 December 1936 — Page 5

All Live Stock Prices 'Hit New High Level Before Holiday Season

UPPER CLASSES MOVE QUICKLY TO NEW LEVEL Hogs 10 to 15 Cents Higher; All Prices Show Increase CHICAGO, Dec. 24 (INS)-Prices governing major classes of live stock moved on the higher levels this week when receipts were held to moderate volume. Eastern demand was the stimulat- • ing influence in the fat lamb trade, but was less active than earlier in the week where steers and hogs were concerned. However, local call more than took up the slack in shipper activity. Steers ruled strong to 25c higher, making great bulk of offerings 50c to 11 higher than Monday’s low set of quotations. All she stock sold strong. Hogs 10 to 15 Cents Higher Hogs ruled generails 10c to 15c higher, wtih instance® of greater gain, the advance reinstating values to the ten-year peak for December. Fat lambs sola 10c to 25c higher in extrernee, generally 15c up. Quality of steers was plainer than offerings available oh the midweek session, holding top price for load lots at 112.50. rvuiJKl CULLING LEADS TO PROFIT FROM EGGS Reducing Size of Flock to Fit House Important. By H 11 Alp. Exten*i<-n PouittytMUn, Univcr.ity of —WNI’ Scr»K* - With feed prices soaring, farmers Who are counting on eggs as a •ource of cash revenue will need to watch closely those practices which tend to lower production costs. Feed is usually considered to be 50 per cent of the total cost of producing eggs. However, it will be folly tor most flock owners to attempt to concoct cheap rations by using unsatisfactory substitutes for Borne of the standard grain ingredients. It will pay in most cakes to stick with the regular proved rations and . to look elsewhere for ways of lowering the cost of production. Culling the flock to eliminate all bi ids except those in top physical condition is one method of lowering production costs. Culling not only helps to eliminate wasteful feeding, but also tends to lessen chances of future mortality. Reducing the sire of the flock to fit the house so that each bird has four square feet of floor space is also important. Special attention to an adequate supply of water, especially during cold weather, will axso go a long way toward lowering production costs. Cleanliness of the water is as vital as the abundant supply. Keeping the water clean, not by pills but by clean dishes and stands, is one of the chief methods of obtaining efficient egg production. Furthermore, the value of good care and cleanliness around the poultry house can not be overestimated. Watch Drafts Rains and cooler nights make it | necessary that the farm poultryman take particular precautions to avoid drafts in pullet and laying houses. If the birds come into the house j wet and are crowded, drafts are y practically sure to result in fall colds and roup. Mature birds should have one foot of roost space per ! bird and pullets should have proportionate space as they mature. ! Green feed is essential in preventing colds and it can be used lib- j erally. Removal of low vitality birds will decrease the danger of disease and colds throughout the winter, since the weaker pullets take cold more easily and become a constant source of infection. — Prairie Farmer,

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F.D.’s. Grandson With Ist Tickets I Sponsored by 1 I All Philadelphia Commits K A ■ ■ ■ I !R.\NKI.INI> ' Ihl Hr ., • This first picture ever made of the President’s grandson, four-year-old “Billy" Donner Roosevelt, shows the youngster holding the first tickets to be sold in the Philadelphia district for the birthday ball for the President. Billy’s mother. Elizabeth Donner, was first wife of Elliot Roosevelt.

Easier to Care for Small Herd Fewer Cows Can Be Managed According to Individual Requirements. By E. J. Perry. Extension Dairyman. New Jersey College at Agriculture. WNU Service. One reason why small herds average h,igher in production than larger herds is that each cow in a small herd can be more easily fed and managed according to her special requirements. In a recent survey of the New Jersey Herd Improvement associations it was found that cows in a herd of nine averaged 8,445 pounds of milk a year and the average cost of food per pound of butterfat produced was 36.2 cents. A cow* in a herd of 18 animals averaged 8,174 pounds of milk a year and her average feed ebst per pound of butterfat was 38.2 cents, while yearly milk production of a cow in a herd of 27 cows was 7,423 pounds and the feed coat average for each pound of butterfat was 41 cents. In view of this survey, and because of the prevailing high prices of grain and hay, it would pay every dairyman this winter to regard each of his cows as a distinct machine and treat her accordingly. Feeding all cows the same amount of grain mixture results in seriously underfeeding the high producers, while the low-producing cows reduce the net returns from the herd by being overfed. Every cow should be given all the good roughage she will eat, but high producers need more grain than the less productive animals. Because of the different fat tests of their milk, separate breeds of cow’s require different amounts of grain, and feeding grain to the animals according to the following scale is recommended: Holsteins: Feed .4 pound of concentrates for each pound of milk above a yield of 16 pounds daily. Ayrshires and Brown Swiss: Feed .45 pound of concentrates for each pound of milk above a yield of 14 pounds daily. Guernseys: Feed .55 pound of concentrates for each pound of milk above a yield of 12 pounds daily. Jerseys: Feed .6 pound of concentrates for each pound of milk above a yield of 10 pounds.

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Ration for Colts ColU that have been weaned ordinarily will develop satisfactorily on a daily ration of three-fourths of a pound of grain per 100 pounds of live weight, with good quality roughage being offered free choice. The amount of grain to feed in a particular case, says Wallace’s Farmer, depends upon how rapidly one wants the colt to develop. Colts that are fed a relatively heavy ration, however, tend to develop unsoundnesses of feet and legs. Hybrid Hogs Better According to the results of an eight-year experiment at the University of Minnesota, cross-bred litter! wean earlier, are larger in number of pigs farrowed, and grow faster, thus reducing the time required for the pigs to reach market weight. The experiment, reports a writer in the Indiana Farmer's Guide, showed a reduction in feed costs of the cross-bred over the pure-bred lines. Stringless Celery It is time to stop growing celery with strings in it, says Cornell Agricultural college. Experts have tested these strings and found that one of them is capable of holding the weight of a half gallon of water. A breeding plan to eliminate the string is described by one of the professors qf the Agricultural college. Crossing various strains of celery, he explained, already has proved that undesirable qualities can be replaced.

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THE SYRACtn§E IQUftNAL

Creosote Makes Stronger Posts Preservative Treatment an Aid in Making Inferior Material Last By J. E. Davis. Extension Forester. University of Illinois.—WNU Service. Even willow and pin oak fence posts can be made to last 15 years or more if given a preservative treatment with coaltar creosote. If fence posts are treated with preservatives, inferior species removed from the farm woodland in improvement cuttings may be utilized and the more valuable species left to grow timber. Treating is not a difficult operation, and a treating plant can be set up easily at little expense. Cost of material for treatment varies from 6 to 10 cents a post. Since green or split posts will not do for treating, the posts should be cut a year in advance, peeled and stacked loosely off the ground to season thoroughly. The 100-gal-lon drum in which creosote is obtained can easily be made into a post-treating tank by cutting out the head and setting the drum on a brick or stone base so that a fire can be built beneath it. A good thermometer that will register up to the boiling point is the only other essential equipment. After 20 to 25 four-inch posts are in the drum, enough creosote is added to bring the level to about three feet. The creosote is then heated to 190 to 300 degrees Fahrenheit, with this temperature maintained for five hours and the creosote kept at the three-foot level. The fire is then drawn and the tank completely filled with creosote. After cooling for ten hours, the posts are removed, the upper ends dipped in the creosote, then stood up to dry and the process repeated on another group of posts. Species of trees providing posts that require treatment are pines, hickories, maples, poplars, willows, red oak, black oak, pin oak, sycamore, gum, American elm, ash, basswood, buckeye, ironwood and birch. Species providing moderately durable posts which are improved by treatment are red elm, black cherry, butternut, sassafras, arbor vitae and tamarack. Those durable without treatment are hedge, black locust, mulberry, red cedar, white oak, post oak, burr oak, honey locust and catalpa.

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Prevention of Homs on Young Calves Explained In response to frequent requests, a county agent, in the Pacific Rural Press, gives the following directions for prevention of horns on young calves: When the calf reaches the age from three to five days, clip away the hair from around the horn buttons to expose the spot where the horns will normally develop. 'Take a stick of caustic soda or caustic potash and wrap one end with a piece of. paper to prevent the danger of burning your fingers. Moisten the uncovered end of the caustic stick but do not wet it so it will run. Apply the wet end of the caustic stick to the horn buttons, first on one, then on the other, repeating this two or three times until you are sure all of the horn button has been thoroughly covered with the caustic material. The caustic should be allowed to dry after each application. Under no condition permit the caustic to touch other than the horn buttons. After completing the wqjk keep the calf away from moisturetnUt might reach the horn buttons and cause the caustic to run down over the face. Alfalfa in Pig Ration Alfalfa is sometimes added to the pig ration to add minerals and vitamins, which are especially valuable in the sow ration. For growing pigs, states a writer in the Montreal Herald, alfalfa should not be used as pigs cannot digest any appreciable amounts of dry roughage. Their digeb-.ve systems are not adapted to such feed, either to digest it or to hold enough of it to make it a satisfactory source of nutrients especially if rapid growth is to be obtained. Brood sows are a different problem. They are large, but not growing, and hence can often profit by having their rations made more bulky.

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Down on the Farm Venezuela has imposed an import tax on live cattle. • • • There are 7,844,409 farm dwellings in the United States. • ♦ * A survey showed there were no horses on 34,571 of 174,589 Kansas farms. • • • Brazil has begun a drive on cattle tick to improve the quality of hides for export. • • • Large dairies use artificial pure cultures to give aroma to their butter in winter. • * • Best time to wean pigs is at ten weeks of age, says' the bureau of animal industry of the federal Department of Agriculture. ... During 1933, New York dairymen proved more bulls than did the farmers of any other three states. The number was 109. ♦ • • Honey bees survive the winter better if dark combs are placed in the center of the brood chamber and white combs are placed on the putside.

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Mastitis Mastitis may be regarded as any abnormal condition in the, cow’s udder. Whether this condition is such that it'can be transmitted to other cows depends on the nature of the trouble and perhaps more on how far it has progressed. Young animals are not so likely to be affected as are older ones, particularly those of high production. It is not unusual for good dairy cows to have a swollen or congested udder for several days after calving. The milk at such times is not always normal. This does not mean that the cow lias infectious mastitis. — Hoard’s Dairyman.

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