The Syracuse Journal, Volume 29, Number 5, Syracuse, Kosciusko County, 28 May 1936 — Page 2

BRISBANE THIS WEEK Two New Deal Upsets 25,000 Watch Frogs . In School Until 22 Round Trips to Europe * Big news from the Supreme Court of the United States and the United State Court of Ap-

peals for the District of Columbia. Two “far-reaching experiments” o f the Roosevelt New Deal are declared unconstitutional. “The Supreme court in a sweeping decision killed the Guffey coal act; the District of Columbia Court of Appeals held the Resettlement Administration under Professor Tugwell

Arthar Brlabaaa

” violates the fundamental law of the land." ( , The decisions set forth that “these major experiments in socialisation in* volve unlawful delegation of powers vested in congress and violation by the federal government of the rights of the states,** the Washington dispatch avers. The resettlement declsiop affected only that part of the relief activities under Professor Tugwell’a administration, leaving undecided the remainder of the >4,800,000,000 voted to the President last year. Much of the resettlement money has been spent and much more allocated, cancellation of which will raise problems. At Angels Camp, Calif., 25.000 persons watched the annual Calaveras county frog-jumping contest and saw “Can’t Take It" cover a distance of 12 feet 3 Inches tn three hops. Another frog. Raised on the ranch of the late Will Rogers, was second, with 12 feet 2 inches. Twenty-five thousand human beings watched some frogs hop; not half as many would have gathered to Einstein lecture on relativity. It Is suggested that every American be compelled to go to school until twenty-two years of age to cut down the competition for jolts. It might be simpler to keep everybody in school until sixty and then give everybody a pension of >2OO a month. What could be simpler than that? The average sensible American starts making a living long before he is twen-ty-two and would do well to continue on that basis. Sir Hubert Wilkins, who has flown tn the Arctic. Antarctic and other queer regions by plane, crossed the Atlantic by dirigible recently. Says Sir Hubert: "From almost anywhere in the United States, a business man could ■pend Wednesday and Thursday going about bis business, catch the dirigible by airplane Thursday midnight, spend two business days in Europe and be at bls desk the early part of the next week." Prof. Raymond Moley says it was easier for Mussolini to conquer “muddy thinking" In the League of Nations ' than it will be to "prevail over the , mud of Ethiopia in months to come." New Tork police arrested a middleaged woman begging near a church and "acting strangely." She wore men’s shoes, five dresses, one over the other, and carried bank books showing deposits of >25,000. This should not discourage wise charity. Not every old woman, begging, has four extra dresses and >25,000. Bnt it might well discourage thoughtless, indiscriminate giving, which encourages professional beggary and causes young beggars to graduate as criminals. Following an old Roman custom. Mussolini Is taking a census of the Ethiopians that remain. The total number Is between six and fourteen millions. Exact figures are wanted. The able-bodied will be put to work, plows, spades and shovels supplied by Mussolini, with Italians telling the Ethiopians where and what to dig. That need not horrify us, for it Is what we have been doing in this country for a long time. It will be better for the Ethiopians than killing and selling each other into slavery. Americans ask three questions: •What Is the news? Who won the game? Have you heard the story about —T* For that reason, the successful newspaper pays at tention first to the news, told accurately and vividly, then It concentrates on sport, then on humor. Such dry things as opinions. editorials, books. In the rear. Fiction ought to be number four, bnt good fiction is scarce and the other kind not worth printing. Anti-religious hatred persists In Spain. While Pope Pius in Rome was addressing representatives of Catholic newspapers, deploring Communism and the Hitler attitude toward the Catholic church and the Catholic press, a Spanish mob in Valencia was burning two Catholic churches, beautiful monuments of early days. Former indifference to religion has turned to actual hatred la many countries, and In those that were most deeply religious. • Ktoc sradieau. tea. wxu Sx-rta-True porcelain was first made tn Europe tai 1708. when Johann Friedrich Boettger used kaolin from deposits near Dresden. la the following year he started the famous factory at Meissen. near Dresden. and Dresden china was put on the market. J 'lMde Ebea at Homo f like to feel dat rs boas in my own home.” said Uncle Eben. "So it's understood I kin talk as kwd as I feels take so tang as I don't insist pa ham* my own way."

News Review of Current Events the World Over Congressional Quizzers Stir Dr. Townsend to Wrath— Landon Has Big Bunch of Delegates—Guffey Coal Act Declared Invalid. By EDWARD W. PICKARD © Weal am Newspaper Un ton.

FOR two days Dr. Francis E. Townsend replied mildly to the questions of the house committee Investigating the activities of the organization be-

hind the old age pension movement wblch the doctor started. Then the Californian lost bls patience suddenly, refused to answer any more “nonsensical" queries, spoke of “thick-head-ed congressmen.” denounced the committee for Its ’’unfriendly attitude” and asserted the administration was a “hostile force"

Dr. F. E. Townsend.

behind the Inquiry. He declared he would form a third party after the November elections. Finally Doctor Townsend told the committee: *‘l am retiring from this sort of Inquisition and I do not propose to come back except under arrest And I do refuse absolutely to make any further statement regarding this movement to this committee." Escorted by Gerald K. Smith, former adherent of Huey Long, and another man. the Californian fled from Washington to Baltimore. The committee decided to ask the bouse to cite him for contempt. When he was questioned regarding large sums contributed by Townsend club members the physician said the contributors had faith in him and that “we need millions to promote a movement of this kind and we will get them." His developed that Doctor bls brother, Walter Townsend, and Gilmour Young own the assets of the Townsend organisation, estimated now at about >OO.OOO, and that Townsend club members have no property right In them. Doctor Townsend testified he has received about >68.000 in salary, dividends from the Townsend weekly and expenses, but now bad only about >3OO and his wife about >2OO to show for their efforts. GOV. ALF LANDON captured nearly all the New Jersey delegates to the national convention, defeating Senator Borah about 4 to 1 In the popular vote. This victory gave the Kansan a total of more than 200 votes to start with at Cleveland, and bls manager, John Hamilton, claimed he would have at least 300 of- the 501 votes necessary to nominate and would win on the second or third ballot The statement by Herbert Hoover taking himself out of consideration for the nomination is generally judged to have helped Landon. With Mr. Hoover out of the picture it will be difficult to hold California, Texas, and other potentially Hoover votes away from Landon. James A. Farley, postmaster general and also Democratic national chairman, told the Michigan Democratic convention he believed the Republican Presidential nominee will be “the governor of a typical prairie state" and that his election, if he won, would be a “perilous experiment." Farley criticized the man he did not name as devoid of experience In national affairs, and predicted that if he is the Republican standard bearer “even Kansas" will not be in the Roosevelt doubtful column. About twenty of Pennsylvania’s delegation to the Republican convention were pledged to support the popular choice of the state, which turned out to be Mr. Borah, no other name being officially entered at the April 28 primary. The delegation, which is nnlnstructed. has now voted that those members must keep their pledge oa the first ballot or until it becomes manifestly Impossible for their choice to win. This action was taken on motion of former Senator David A. Reed, who will be the state representative on the platform committee. /CONSTITUTIONALITY of the railroad retirement system was contested before the District of Columbia Supreme court by attorneys representing the class 1 railroads and 289 lesser railway enterprises. The lawyers argued that the pension law and a tax law enacted at the same time are together “substantially the same" as the "unconstitutional railroad retirement act of 1984." The two separate acta, one providing pensions and the other taxing the Income of railroads and employees, were passed last year after the Supreme court ruled unconstitutional the 1934 law in which a levy and a pension system were combined. The government contended that the alleged relation between the twp acta could not be proved, and that the railroads were suing, in effect, to enjoin collection ofa tax. Such a suit the government contended, was barred by federal law. The government further defended Its railroad retirement system as an exercise of its constitutional power "to provide tor the common defense." Postponement of action on the Patman-Robinson chain store bill until next session was urged on the house rules committee In a tetter from six powerful farm organizations. Charging the bill would restrict operations of farm cooperatives by preventing them from receiving wholesale discounts, the letter warned also that higher consumer prices would result from Enactment The measure, already passed by the senate, prevents price discriminations by manufacturers The letter was signed by representatives of the American Farm Bureau Federation, the National Grange, the National Co-operative Council. the Na-

tlonal Co-operative Milk Producers’ Federation, the Farmers’ National Grain association, and the Northwestern Farmers* Union Legislative committee. SECRETARY OF WAR DERN allocated nearly >138,000,000 for river and harbor improvement projects throughout the country that had been recommended by the engineering corps. Os this sum, >103,458,839 will be used for entirely new waterway and port improvement while >34,408,150 will be employed in maintaining existing river and harbor facilities. SIX members of the Supreme court of the United States ruled that the Guffey act to control the bituminous real Industry is invalid, and another

J Sen. Guffey

of the New Deal experiments goes Into the discard. This Is the act which President Roosevelt urged congress to pass notwithstanding doidjgs of Its constitutionality “however reasonable.” Five justices—Sutherland, Butler, Van Devanter, Mcßeynolds, and Roberts — joined In the majority opin-

ion which invalidated the whole act Justices Cardozo, Brandeis, and Stone joined in a dissenting opinion in which they upheld the act Chief Justice Hughes held in a separate opinion that the act was constitutional with respect to the marketing provisions but unconstitutional with respect to the labor regulations. The court in the majority opinion held that there is no authority in the Constitution for the control of the coal industry attempted In the Guffey act. The act was not valid either under the commerce clause or the welfare clause. Power was unlawfully delegated to set up a coal code similar to the codes of the invalidated NRA and the regulations establishing working hours of miners were a violation of the fifth amendment prohibiting the taking of property without due process of law. Mining, the court declared, is a local Industry, the state jurisdiction whereof the federal government has no authority to Invade. Congress provided that If one part of the act were held unconstitutional other parts should not be affected. But the majority declined to accept that arrangement, ruling that the price fixing provisions were inextricably interwoven with the labor regulations. Senator Guffey of Pennsylvania, author of the act, lost little time in introducing a substitute measure, concentrating on price fixing and omitting the labor provisions which were outlawed by the Supreme court John L. Lewis, head of the United Mine Workers, declared that organization would “join in requesting congress to enact the bill at once." He thought the measure would “operate to maintain the equilibrium of the coal industry pending further study of stabilization of the industry." A plea to all coal operators to support the new bill was made by Charles O’Neill, legislative chairman of the National Conference of Bituminous Coal Producers. Some congressional leaders, however, thought it unlikely that the new Guffey bill could be passed at this session.

HERBERT H. LEHMAN announced suddenly in Albany that he would not be a candidate for a third term as governor of New York, saying: '1 feel

the time has come when I- may ask release from the cares and responsibilities of the governorship." But leaders of the Democratic party, including President Roosevelt, National Chairman James A. Farley and Senators Wagner and Copeland undertook to persuade Mr. Lehman to run tor reelection.

Gow. Lehman

They ail agreed thkv bls retirement would be a loss to state and the party and that he should be “drafted." The immediate political result of the governor’s surprise action was that New York again became a doubtful state for *be presidential campaign, in the minds of many politicians. The morale of Republican leaders in the state improved, and Democrats began speculating as to which of a group of five or more candidates could be groomed tor the gubernatorial nomination this faA ts Lehman persisted tai his determlnWon. GENERAL Rejoicing marked the Inaugural of Dr. Miguel Mariano Gomez as president ol Cuba—the first elected by the people since Gerardo Machado. The new executive, a lawyer and revolutionary leader who has twice bMB mayor <rf Havana, took the oath of office in the ball room of the president’s mansion tn the presence of 400 foreign and Cuban officials. The guns of Cabanas fortress across the harbor fired a twenty-one gun salute and on the signal ata public buildings were 11iuminated and thousands of merrymakers began parading the streets. President Gomes appeared on a balcony and told the shouting throngs that he would do bls best to maintain a constitutional government “by the Cubans and tor the benefit and interest at all Cubans." In his first message to congress be assured the nation that persona! rights would be respected. Among his policies he tasted “ample tolerance to all Ideas, ample guarantees for all rights and sufficient energy to maintain order and the mwensary strength against offenders against the IBWSa _ ’ ... .... .. % Jfa.... A tJ. . .

SYRACTUS'E jrOTKRWAI/

NEITHER Great Britain nor France has any intention of paying the installments on the American war debt due June 15. And almost certainly all the other debtor nations except Finland will follow the example of the two big ones and again default British Foreign Minister Eden talked about the debts with Leon Blum, who probably will be premier of France soon, but there was no indication that either one was planning to make a payment Blum told the American club in Paris he hoped the war debt "misunderstanding" might be cleared up, but be was just trying to be pleasant to the people of both America and France without spending any money. Os course the debtor nations would like to have the issue cleared up, for as long as they are In default they are subject to the restrictions of the Johnson act which makes It unlawful for any person in the United States to purchase or sell the bonds, securities or other obligations of any foreign government or to make any loans to such a government while that government Is In default In payment of Its obligations to the United States. Benito Mussolini advised Prince von Starhemberg of Austria not to start any domestic trouble because he was ousted from the cabinet by Chancellor Schuschnlgg, and when the prince returned to Vienna the cabinet fixed things up neatly by decreeing that the country should have three fuehrers. Schuschnlgg, the unofficial dictator, becomes national leader of the fatherland front; Eduard Baar von Barenfels, the new vice chancellor, is national commander of the front militia; and Starhemberg continues as sports leader and head of the Northerhood Protective association. NATIONS that are especially hard up might consider the method said to be employed by Rum »*.a. A Bucharest newspaper asserts that government employees have been paid largely in counterfeit money, vast quantities of bogus 100 let pieces having been issued in sealed bags by the ministry of finance. That ministry then announced that the counterfeit coins would not be redeemed and that persons who passed them would be prosecuted. THE resettlement administration beaded by Rexford Guy Tugwell was declared by the District of Columbia court of appeals to be “clearly unconstitutional delegation of power," in a case Involving a model community project in Somerset county, New Jersey. Going beyond ,he issue before tbem. the justices of the Appeals court called the entire relief appropriations act of 1935 into question. The act was Invalid and hence RA was invalid, according to the court. Legally, however, none of the rest of the act will be affected by the decision because the other multitudinous activities of the New Deal under the appropriation were not before the court Solicitor Gen. Stanley Reed said an appeal would be taken to the Supreme court at w DR. ANTON PAVELIC, alleged leader of Ustashl, the Croatian terrorist organization, and accused as one of the “master minds*’in theassasslnation

of King Alexander of Jugoslavia in Marseilles, bas been set free by the Italian authorities. Released with him was his lieutenant Eugene Kvaternik. The two were arrested at Turin In October, 1934, soon after the murder of Alexander, but the French auI thorlties who were working on the case were never permit-

Dr. Pavelio

ted to question them and an Italia* tribunal refused the request of the French government for their extradition to France for trial

JOSE LUIS TEJADA SORZANO was forced to resign the presidency of Bolivia by a junta of army ofllcera and Socialists who staged a bloodless coup d’etat In La Pax. Col German Busch, acting chief of the general army staff, leader of the coup, will be at the head of the government until CoL David Toro, hero of the war with Paraguay, returns from the Chaco, when Toro will be installed as president The immediate objective of the new administration was complete settlement of a general strike which the officers asserted was Imperiling the country’s economic stability. The labor federation quickly suspended the strike movement expressing solidarity with the army-Sodallst coup. NEWS that Japan was greatly enlarging her force In North China led the State department in Washington to announce that the position ot the United States is the same as that outlined last December by Secretary Hull affirming its support of the nine power pact that guarantees China’s territorial Integrity. At that time Mr. Hull said -bls country has a binding faith in the fundamental principles of its traditional policy. This government adheres to the provisions of the treaties to which It la a party and continues to bespeak respect by all nations for the provisions at treaties atee aly entered into for the purpose of facilitating and regulating, to reciprocal and common advantage. At the State department It was said that the reaffirmation of support of the nine power pact does not mean that the administration win abandon Ito policy of declining to take the Initiative tn any attempt to curt* Japan for violations of the pact This was attempted by Hairy L, Stimson, secretary at state In the Hoover sdmlnistratton, with the gain at but Japanese Ita wtaL ' Japanese military strength In North Olna south of the Great Wall is now said to be fully 15,000 men. There are about 80,000 more to Manchukuo and still others in Inner Mongolia. X/fRS. SARA DELANO ROOSEVELT. IVI aged mother of the President feta while on a visit in New York some days ago and is laid up at Hyde Park with an Impacted hip and cracked bone. She made light of the injuries but Mr. Roosevelt was gravely concerned. He spent the week-end with hia mother.

Washington Digest National iopics Interpreted By WILLIAM RPUCKAPJ Lili i

Washington.—The Department of Agriculture and Its stepchild, the Agc ricultural AdjustSpeed New meat administration, Soil Program have launched the initial phase of the new soil conservation program. This, it will be remembered, is the agricultural benefit policy to supersede the unconstitutional AAA, and the speed with which the department has developed the early phases of its new program Is noteworthy. It has not wasted any time, nor could It waste time. In order to make the new program effective In this crop year. While the work of policy making has gone on at an unusual speed for governmental procedure, I am afraid It cannot be said that the soundness of its program can be commended in the same manner. Some of the soil building practices I proposed under the new scheme of aid . to the farmer undoubtedly will work I out but there are others about which there is much doubt. Indeed, already ■ It has been pointed out that certain of j the practices proposed are vulnerable I and are likely to lead to serious trouble both for agriculture and for the government More than a score of the states were Included In the first set of rules and regulations governing soil building practices and rates of payment The I others are nearing completion and will be promulgated at an early date. But the first block of rules and regulations and rates of payment establish the I general outline *of the department’s I Ideas and It can be said, I think, that | in these rules and regulations (the i government must lay down general | provisions) lies the trouble. They are | replete with that which we usually deI scribe as red tape and red tape never has failed to cause trouble. Practices for which farmers may receive payments vary from state to state. They include the new seeding of legumes and grasses, the plowing under of green manure crops, the planting of forest trees, the eradication of perennial noxious weeds and, In certain areas, a variety of special soil | handling methods such as listing, strip | cropping and fallowing, terracing or approved summer fallow. In addition, farmers In certain dry land areas have the option ofi substituting some of the practices for acreage of soli conserving crops. In announcing the new practices and rates of payment, the Agricultural Adjustment administration declared that the policies follow in general the recommendations made to the Adjustment administration by the several state committees. It was declared that the sentiment throughout bas been “to adapt the general plan to the specific needs of the states In conformity with I the approved methods which have been tested by the land grant colleges, the experiment stations and soil conservai tion service." The Adjustment admini istration considered that these three • agencies furnished the best basis, or I the best foundation, for the construe- ! tion of the generally new program. It , follows, therefore, that a considerable . part of the new setup comes byway i of expansion of the old soil conservation service which has had much ex- : perience In that work. It cannot be said, however, that the new phases I have been tested nor is It more than j conjecture how the farmers themselves will take to the plans now offered. Just as the soil conserving practices vary, so do the rates of payment as between the several Payment states. It is the Rates Vary claim of the Adjustment administration that variation In rates “Is due largely to variations In the cost of seed, in rates of seeding or to differences tn the requirements with respect to soil building practices.” Rates of payment for soil conservation on irrigated land are higher than for those on dry land and likewise long standing agricultural practices have been taken Into account In calculating the rates to be paid In various sections to offset the greater or less expense to which fann- | ers normally are put in producing their crops. Generally in the dry land states, the seeding and growing of perennial legumes, such as alfalfa, will net the farmer about >2.00 per acre but In Irrigated districts the rate of payment varies from >3.00 to $4.00 per acre For most states, the rate for biennial legumes is $1450 on non-lrrigated land and from $2.50 to >3.00 an acre on irrigated land. Rates of payment for growing sweet clover are somewhat less as are the rates of payment for growing annual legumes. The rates for plowing under green manure crops are from >I.OO to $250 an acre, depending upon the amount of growth which is turned under. For plar.ag forest trees on crop land, farmers are scheduled to be paid >5.00 an acre For weed eradication the program proposes to pay >5.00 an sere where only periodical cultivation is required but it will reward the farmer for taking out weeds by chemical treatment In addition to periodical cultivation by paying him >IO.OO an acre In addition to these methods of soil conservation, strip cropping and fallow ’ng command about >I.OO an acre of benefit to the fanner while terracing will be paid for around the basis of $2.00 or $3.00 an acre. Other states, as they are brought under the soil conservation program, may expect rates similar to these tor the flrsthalf of the country. It is obvious, however, that in the more thickly populated areas where agriculture is carried on In a more concentrated way, new and different practices must be prescribed. It is certain, also, that these practices must be made to take into account the varying types of crops

where farming is dgne on smaller acreage per farm or In the fruit and truck garden areas. • • • From this program, two sets of conclusions have been drawn. One school , , of thought mainOptntons tains that the reguDiffer lations are simple and easy of enforcement; the other group argues that it is utterly Impossible to apply rules and regulations, administered from a central bureau in Washington, to the whole country and yet enable flexibility of management sufficient to meet the countless problems that will arise. One conclusion Is that by administration of the rules and regulations through state and county organizations and with the aid of state experiment stations, individual farmers can be advised and tan work out their Individual problems with ease. The other school of thought contends that this very fact means a perfect maze of different applications of the rules and regulations both as to language and intent; this group likewise maintains that favoritism will permeate the whole structure and that there will be injustice, ill will and politics in the way the local organizations deal with the farmers. While the policy makers in the marble palace known as the Department of Agriculture contend that the soil conservation program will spell the end of surpluses and will accomplish better prices for what the farmers produce, another argument stresses the claim that the new program means dislocation of agricultural'output and the market to which that output normally goes. To go back a year or more. It can be recalled how the original AAA upset the apple cart for one after another of the farm crops. When land wai, withdrawn from cotton. It went to tobacco production and there was too much tobacco. There had to be tobacco control. When land was withdrawn from tobacco production. It went to peanuts and there had to be peanut control And so It was with various other crops until there was a perfect network of crop control each, basically, working at something like a cross purpose with other things. • • • As the new soil conservation plans unfold, those who doubt their efficacy point to numerous Find New new dislocations that Dislocations are comparable to those of the old AAA which I have Just enumerated. For example, It Is claimed, and there seems to be justice in the claim, the placing of a premium on growth of hay crops such as alfalfa, alsike and clover, can mean only an overabundance of those crops. I do not say that It Is certain to occur but if condition* repeat themselves, the prices tor hay crops In the market are due to fall. The law of supply and demand still governs regardless of theory and regardless of the attempts of bureaucrats to plan which the farmer shall or shall not grow. If world consumption falls low, crops of hay will be valuable. The chances, however, seem to be wholly in the other directions Time alone can tell how this thing will work out but I cannot believe any sound-thinking person or any person who analyzes the program through to its ultimate end can say that it Is free from weaknesses. The tragedy of the thing Is that government Is experimenting on the farmers. With that I am not in accord and never can be. Further, while I dislike to disparage honest efforts, I am afraid the new soil conservation program embodies some politics as well as efforts to help agriculture. If It were a purely critical report of the soil conservation policies that I am making to you, I. would be Inclined to add to the above analysis the assertion that these plans embody too much organization. I have observed government administration from close at band through a number of years. There Is one conviction that I have gained. That conviction Is that every time a new policy is proposed that requires the scattering of governmentpaid administrators, executives, field agents, Inspectors and countless other nomadic individuals, clothed with official authority, throughout the country, just then does the policy fall of its purpose. Many hands ma’y make light work but many heads, partly politicians, make a mess. • WMtora Nawapapw Union. How Blackbird Got Its Color Is Ancient Myth The blackbird, that shy handsome fellow with his glossy black coat and golden beak, was once upon a time, so the French fable tells us, pure white. One day in the woods he came upon a magpie, busily engaged In hiding his stolen treasure of jewels. “Where can I get such a storel" asked the white bird. The magpie, being nervous of betrayal, told him to go to the palace of the King of Riches in the bowels of the earth, but warned him to touch nothing until he had received permission from the prince. He set out on his quest and flew through cavern after cavern, until he came to one formed entirely of gold, and gold dust lay thick on the floor. The adventurer could restrain himself no longer, but plunged his greedy bill into the gold dust, whereupon a horrible demon sprang out of the ground, spewing forth soot and smoke. Although the bird escaped with his life, he had now a jet-black plumage and a goldstained bill. And since then, every time the blackbird hears a sudden noise in the wood, he rushes out of the bushes with cries of alarm, for who knows what terrible demon may pursue him again?

THURSDAY. MAY 2S. 1036.

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